Extractive Metallurgy

High-titanium slag can be oxidised by exposure to oxygen or water vapour, since the slag contains trivalent titanium and divalent iron; such oxidation is used in slag upgrading processes. The presence of water vapour may increase the rate of oxidation. To test this, samples of crushed high-titanium slag were oxidised in various mixtures of oxygen, argon, and water vapour, in a fluidised bed, at 800°C, for up to 2 h. The presence of water vapour did increase the degree of oxidation, without changing the nature of the reaction products, which were rutile, pseudobrookite with increased iron content, and some anatase.

В отходах пирометаллургического производства меди накоплено значительное количество отвальных шлаков. Даже при среднем содержании меди в них 0,30–0,80 %, видно, что потери металлы
составляет значительных. В этой связи задача создания  рациональной и комплексной технологии переработки шлаков и промпродуктов медного производства является весьма актуальной. В статье рассмотрен инновационный метод снижения потерь меди со шлаком. Для проведения этого исследования
использованы восстановительно-сульфидирующих комплексы (ВСК), состоящие из клинкеров цинкового производства и хвостов обогатительных фабрик АГМК. Полученные результаты  показывает, что внедрение данной технологии в промышленность позволит повысить комплексности использование сырья.

Siderophores are a class of biogenic macromolecules that have high affinities for metals in the environment, thus could be exploited for alternate sustainable metal recovery technologies. Here, we assess the role of siderophores in the extraction and complexation of metals from an iron oxide-rich metallurgical processing residue and a low-grade primary Ni ore. Evaluation of the biological siderophore production by three pseudomonads, P. fluorescens, P. azotoformans and P. putida identified that P. putida could generate the highest siderophore yield, which was characterized as a hydroxamate and catecholate mixed-type pyoverdine PyoPpC-3B. Key physicochemical parameters involved in raw siderophore mediated metal extraction were identified using a fractional factorial design of experiments (DOE) and subsequently employed in purified PyoPpC-3B leaching experiments. Further targeted experiments with hydroxamate and catecholate functional analogues of PyoPpC-3B confirmed their marked abil...

Исследование относится к переработке металлсодержащих отходов металлургического производства с использованием отходов вторичной переплавки алюминиевых материалов. Процесс осуществляется в шлаковой ковш при 1250 о С с получением бедного штейна и шлака. Это исследование позволит повысить интенсивность протекания процессов возгонки летучих металлов и восстановления железа и меди, повысить степень утилизации отходов металлургического производства. Ключевые слова: отходы металлургического производства, пирометаллургия, рециклинг, обеднение шлака.
Annotation. The study relates to the processing of metal-containing wastes of metallurgical production using wastes of aluminum producing plant. The process is carried out into the metallurgical ladle during 1250 о С with recovering depleted matte and slag. This study will increase the intensity of the processes of sublimation of flying metals and reduction of iron and copper, increase the degree of utilization of metallurgical waste.
Annotatsiya. Mazkur tadqiqot tarkibida metall saqlagan chiqindilarni alyuminiyli xomashyolarni ikkilamchi eritishdan olingan chiqindisi bilan birga qayta ishlab metall olish jarayoniga asoslangan. Jarayon metallurgik kovshlarda olib borilib harorat 1250 о С ni tashkil etadi va natijada metallga nisbatan kambag'allashgan shlak va shteyn olinadi. Ushbu tadqiqot haydash yo'li bilan olinadigan uchuvchan metallarni olish jarayonini jadallashtirishga va temir hamda misni tiklashga, metallurgiya chiqindilarini utilizatsiya qilish darajasini oshirishga yordam beradi. Kalit so'zlar: metallurgiya sanoati chiqindilari, pirometallurgiya, retsikling, shlakni kambag'allashtirish.

Due to their electronic structure the rare earth elements have
similar chemical behavior. As a result no chemical method
of separation was available and only physical methods were
used for separating their salts. Initially fractional crystallization
was the only method used by the pioneer researchers.
Later, ion exchange and solvent extraction were successfully
applied. The rare earths are neither rare nor they are earths.
The industry started in Vienna, Austria by Carl Auer von Welsbach
at the end of the 19th century to produce gas mantles
for lighting streets. It then prospered in new directions to become
essential for today’s high technology.

Author: Fathi Habashi, Department of Mining, Metallurgical, and Materials Engineering, Laval University

The mechanochemical processing of bauxite with lime has been investigated. The milling of bauxite and lime mixtures in an attritor mill resulted in the formation of an iron rich hydrogarnet phase in bauxite/lime slurries containing greater than 9% CaO. Up to 90% of the quartz contained in the bauxite was found to have been removed by the hydrogarnet reaction. The hydrogarnet compound was stable during the high temperature alumina extraction step, resulting in a 30% drop in caustic soda consumption. Alumina extraction was not influenced by the mechanochemical processing. Ó

Primeiro livro texto para o ensino da Hidrometalurgia na lingua Portuguesa,publicado em 1982 pela ABM , então Associação Brasileira de Metalurgia, em S.Paulo,Brasil.
Consta de uma Introdução ao tema e sua importancia , e mais quatro capítulos, ou sejam , as operações unitárias da Hidrometalurgia, respectivamente, PREPARAÇÃO , LIXIVIAÇÃO , PURIFICAÇÂO e RECUPERAÇÃO , cada uma das quais escrita por profissionais reconhecidos da area , a saber , Roberto Cerrini Villas-Bôas ( CETEM e COPPE/UFRJ), Mohamed Mamdouh Ali El-Naggar ( UFRJ), Ruy Carnide Hasse Ferreira ( IESA), Juliano Peres Barbosa(CETEM).

Zinc plant residue (ZPR) is a secondary material generated during hydrometallurgical zinc production that contains considerable contents of valuable elements such as Zn, Cu, Fe, Pb, Cd, Ag, In, Ga, Tl. Zinc, copper and accompanying elements in ZPR are in different minerals, mainly in the ferrites. A promising approach for recycling ZPR is the sulfating roasting using iron sulfates followed by water leaching. In this study, the composition of ZPR and the obtained products were thoroughly investigated by various methods including X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), chemical phase analysis and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The effect of temperature, amount of iron sulfates and roasting time on the conversion of valuable metals into a water-soluble form was thermodynamically and experimentally studied both using pure ferrites and ZPR. Based on the results of time-resolved XRD analysis and synchronous thermal analysis (STA), a mechanism of the sulfation roasting was elucidated. The rate-controll...

Two independent technical developments have transformed the metal mining industry in considerable ways: the increasing share of waste materials in the feedstock of metallurgical operations has partially transformed metal extraction into a recycling industry, and the employment of microorganisms in the extraction of metals from mineral ores has rendered metals mining a biologically based industry. Increasing industrial interest and research activity in the application of biotechnologies to the extraction of metals from waste, particularly electronic waste, intimate a potential intersection of those two processes, destabilizing further the analytical distinctions between extraction and manufacturing, biologically based and nonbiologically based production, waste and resources. This combined deterritorialization of metal extraction requires a theoretical deterritorialization: rethinking extraction beyond extractive industry narrowly defined and the role that nonhuman forms of life play in the production of value in nonbiologically based (extractive) industries. This article is a first step toward outlining the effects of such developments on understanding extraction. It begins by reflecting on the effects of recycling on the spatiality and materiality of the mine and then it proceeds to examine the productive role of microorganisms in mining, the limits of biomining, and the biotechnologies that have developed to transcend those limits. The conclusion draws out theoretical implications of those ongoing lines of deterritorialization and their combination on understanding the spatiotemporality of extraction and the active involvement of nonhuman nature in the production of value.


两项独立的技术发展, 大幅改变了金属採矿业: 冶金作业原料中逐渐增加的废弃物质比例, 已将部分的金属萃取转变成回收产业, 从矿种萃取金属的过程中运用微生物, 则使得金属採矿成为以生物学为基础的产业。对于将生物科技应用至从废弃物、特别是电子废弃物中萃取出金属, 有着逐渐增加的产业兴趣及研究活动, 提示了上述两个过程的互动潜力, 并进一步挑战了萃取与製造、根据生物与非生物的生产, 以及废弃物与资源之间的分析区别。此般金属萃取的联合去领域化, 同时需要理论的去领域化: 在狭隘定义的冶金工业之外重新思考冶金, 以及非人类的生命形式在以非生物为基础的 (冶金) 工业的价值生产中所扮演的角色。本文是迈向概论此般发展对于理解冶金之影响的第一步。本文首先反思回收对于矿场的物质性及空间性的影响, 接着检视微生物在採矿中的生产性角色、生物採矿的限制, 以及克服上述限制的生物科技发展。研究结论部分, 从上述持续进行中的去领域化路径与路径的结合中汲取理论意涵, 以理解冶金的时空性和积极参与至价值生产的非人类本质 。


La industria minera de metales ha sido transformada de manera considerable por dos desarrollos técnicos independientes: la proporción en aumento de elementos de desecho en los materiales con los que se alimentan las operaciones metalúrgicas ha transformado parcialmente la extracción de metales en una industria de reciclaje, y el empleo de microorganismos en la extracción de metales de rocas que albergan el mineral ha convertido la minería de metales en una industria apoyada biológicamente. El creciente interés industrial y la actividad investigativa para la aplicación de biotecnologías en la extracción de los metales contenidos en desechos, en particular en la basura electrónica, permiten entrever una interacción potencial de los dos procesos, desestabilizando aun más las distinciones analíticas entre los procesos de extracción y manufactura, la producción de base biológica y la abiótica, residuos y recursos. Esta desterritorialización combinada de extracción de metales demanda una desterritorialización teórica: repensar la extracción más allá de la industria extractiva definida con estrechez y el papel que juegan formas de vida no humana en la producción de valor en industrias (extractivas) que no están biológicamente basadas. El presente artículo es un paso inicial hacia el enunciado de los efectos de tales desarrollos en el entendimiento de la extracción. El artículo empieza con una reflexión sobre los efectos del reciclaje sobre la espacialidad y materialidad de la mina y luego se procede a examinar el papel productivo de los microorganismos en minería, los límites de biominería y las biotecnologías que han sido desarrolladas para trascender aquellos límites. La conclusión extrae implicaciones teóricas de aquella líneas de desterritorialización y su combinación para tratar de entender la espacio-temporalidad de la extracción y la activa participación de la naturaleza no humana en la producción de valor.

Методические указания составлены на основании типовых и рабочих программ по курсу «Теория гидрометаллургических процессов». Данное методическое указания написан на основе предмета "Теория  гидрометаллургических процессов" и содержит в своем составе текст лекций, практических занятий и других материалов. В нем рассматриваются такие темы как, общие сведения о термодинамике электролитных растворов, термодинамика простого выщелачивания, термодинамика процессов химического выщелачивания, кинетика и механизм процессов выщелачивания, методы ускорения процессов выщелачивания, кинетика и механизм процессов выщелачивания самородков, оксидов и сульфидов металлов, основы процессов экстракции, основы ионообменных процессов, а также основы выделения металлов и их соединений из водных растворов.

В статье приводятся основные этапы создания автогенных технологий переработки сульфидных медных концентратов. Показано, что внедрение автогенных технологий существенно интенсифицирует процессы, создается возможность работы без расхода внешнего углеводородного топлива,
обеспечить все необходимое тепло для металлургической плавки исключительно за счет экзотермических реакций. Показана роль кислорода, как основного компонента, обеспечивающего полноту и скорость физико-химических превращений компонентов шихты. Коротко приведены сведения о таких процессах как «Outokumpu», «JMCO», КФП и другие.

Dunyoda ishlab chiqariladigan misning 80 % miqdori pirometallurgik
usulga toʻgʻri keladi. Shu jumladan, Bizning mamlakatimizda ham mis eritish zavodida pirometallurgik usuldan keng foydalaniladi. Bu usul oʻzining qulayliklari bilan birgalikda bir qancha kamchiliklarga ham ega. Shulardan biri mis ishlab chiqarishda juda katta miqdorda chiqindi-shlaklarning hosil
boʻlishidir.

The electrochemical precipitation of nickel hydroxide is examined by varying nickel and nitrate ion concentration, pH, current density, and temperature. The particle size, crystallographic orientation and morphological patterns are studied. The grain size increases, but both current efficiency and tap density decrease with increase in current density. The tap density increases with increase in nickel concentration. XRD data show peaks at 39.0, 59.6 and 33.68, which conforms that samples obtained by the electrochemical route after drying at 100 8C are b-Ni(OH) 2 . The charge and discharge characteristics are investigated to assess the capacity of the active nickel hydroxide material in 30% KOH solution. #

Maqolada xo'jalik chiqindilaridan toza kumushni ajratib olishning innovatsion usuli ko'rib chiqilgan. Bu tadqiqotni o'tkazish uchun har xil kumush saqlagan chiqindilaridan tarkib topgan va foydalanilmaydigan xo'jalik buyumlaridan foydalanildi. Olingan natijalar shuni ko'rsatadiki, bu texnologiyani kumush metallurgiyasida qo'llash toza kumush ajratib olish unumdorligini oshirishga imkon beradi.
В статье рассмотрен инновационный метод получения чистого металлического серебра из хозяйственных отходов. Для проведения этого исследования использованы различные неиспользуемые серебросодержащие хозяйственные изделия. Полученные результаты показывают, что внедрение данной технологии в металлургии серебра позволит повысить получение чистого серебра из хозяйственных отходов.
The innovation method of extraction of metallic silver from household's wastes has been shown in this article. For making research it has been used from different silver-bearing wastes of invalid household's things. According to taken results implementing this research on metallurgy of silver it will increase the coefficient of productivity of extraction of fresh silver from invalid household's wastes.

Olmaliq kon-metallurgiya kombinati (OKMK) singari dunyoning aksariyat korxonalarida xomaki misni ishlab chiqarishning klassik
pirometallurgik sxemasi qoʻllaniladi. Bunga koʻra, sulfidli mis rudalari dastlab
flotatsion usulda boyitilib, tarkibida 16 – 20 % mis tutgan konsentrat olinadi.
Olingan misli konsentrat yuqori haroratda termik qayta ishlash maqsadida
metallurgik pechlarga yuklanadi. Metallurgik zavodlarda misli xomashyolarni qayta ishlashga moʻljallangan bir necha xil eritish pechlari mavjud. Ularga Yalligʻ qaytaruvchi, Kislorod-mashʼalali va Vanyukov kabi eritish pechlarini misol tariqasida keltirish mumkin. Bu eritish pechlarining ishlash prinsiplari har xil boʻlishiga qaramay olinadigan mahsulotlari bir-biriga oʻxshash boʻladi, yaʼni
mahsulot sifatida misli shteyn (30 – 50 % Cu), shlak va sanoat gazlari hosil boʻladi. Oraliq mahsulot – misli shteynni konvertorlash jarayoniga beriladi, u yerda havo kislorodi ishtirokida shteyn tarkibidagi keraksiz elementlarni oksidlantirish yoʻli bilan misni tozalab xomaki mis olinadi (96 – 98 % Cu). Soʻngra xomaki misni olovli tozalash jarayonida anod qoliplarga quyib
elektroliz jarayoniga yuboriladi va natijada yuqori sifatli misli katodlar olinadi
(99,99 % Cu).

The monograph presents theoretical approaches and concepts, analytical reviews, practical solutions in specific areas of metallurgy.
The publication may be interesting to Uzbek and foreign scientists, managers and specialists of factories and metallurgical organizations, engineers, technologists, teachers, masters and students of higher educational institutions.
Responsibility for the authenticity and accuracy of citations, names, titles and other information, as well as for compliance with intellectual property laws lies with the authors of published materials.

Uslubiy qo‘llanmada gidrometallurgiya jarayonlarining nazariy asoslariga tayangan holda bu jarayonlarda uchraydigan kimyoviy hamda termokimyoviy qonuniyatlar asosida ma’ruzalar matni ko‘rsatib o‘tilgan. Muhim gidrometallurgik jarayonlar: eritmalarda uchraydigan qonuniyatlar, moddalarning ionlarga parchalanishi, tanlab eritish jarayonlarining asosiy termodinamik ko‘rsatkichlari, аsosiy va keng tarqalgan gidrometallurgik jarayonlarning mexanizmi va kinetikasining ajralib turadigan xossalari keltirilgan bo‘lib, jarayonlarni intensivlashtirishning asosiy yo‘llari bayon etilgan.

Qo‘llanma metallurgiya sohasiga qiziqadigan barcha kitobxonlarga
mo‘ljallangan bo‘lib, xususan “Metallurgiya” yo‘nalishida ta’lim
olayotgan talabalarga va metallurgiya korxonalariga ishga kirmoqchi
bo‘lgan bakalavrlarga qo‘llanma sifatida tavsiya etiladi.
Qo‘llanma o‘z tarkibiga metallurgiya sohasiga tegishli savoljavoblarni, metallar haqidagi eng zarur ma’lumotlarni, sohaga oid ilmiy
yangilik va qiziqarli ma’lumotlarni hamda mamlakatimizda ishlab
chiqariladigan metallarning qisqacha texnologik jarayonlari haqidagi
qismlarni oladi.
Ushbu qo‘llanmadan “Metallurgiya” sohasi bo‘yicha dars beradigan
o‘qituvchilar ham foydalanishlari mumkin.

Uslubiy qo‘llanmada gidrometallurgiya jarayonlarining nazariy asoslariga tayangan holda bu jarayonlarda uchraydigan kimyoviy hamda termokimyoviy qonuniyatlar asosida amaliy mashg‘ulotlar ko‘rsatib o‘tilgan. Muhim gidrometallurgik jarayonlar: eritmalarda uchraydigan qonuniyatlar, moddalarning ionlarga parchalanishi, tanlab eritish jarayonlarining asosiy termodinamik ko‘rsatkichlari, аsosiy va keng tarqalgan gidrometallurgik jarayonlarning mexanizmi va kinetikasining ajralib turadigan xossalari keltirilgan bo‘lib, jarayonlarni intensivlashtirishning asosiy yo‘llari bayon etilgan.                                     
Toshkent davlat texnika universiteti ilmiy – uslubiy kengashi qaroriga asosan chop etildi.

В монографии изложены основные законы физической химии и металловедения, являющиеся основой анализа металлургических систем. Основное внимание уделено анализу изменения состояния вещества в ходе металлургического производства от исходного сырья до получения чистых металлов и их сплавов. В книге изложены теоретические основы восстановительных процессов оксидов металлов, вопросы взаимодействия в системах твердое тело – газ, твердое тело, жидкость, а также твердофазные процессы. Рассмотрены вопросы теплообмена и газодинамики в металлургических системах. Монография предназначена для студентов, магистров и докторантов, специализирующиеся в области металлургического образования. Может быть, полезна для молодых специалистов и научных работников для усовершенствования существующих технологий и создания новых.

Matar, a Ghassulian-Beersheva settlement situated on Nahal Beersheva, Northern Negev, Israel. J. Perrot initially excavated the site from to 1954. The material investigated here was recovered at the more recent excavations of Abu Matar in 1990-1991 by I. Gilead, S. Rosen and P. Fabian . Abu Matar is contemporaneous with other Ghassulian sites located in the Southern Levant including Shiqmim, Horvat Beter and Bir Safadi. Both excavations at Abu Matar revealed archaeometallurgical finds representing the entire process of the extractive metallurgy of copper. These finds are far more complete and significant than those found at any other site in the region marking Abu Matar as the primary metal production centre in the Chalcolithic Southern Levant. The investigation followed an adaptive sampling strategy to ensure adequate representation of the assemblage. Technical studies of the archaeometallurgical remains included the use of optical microscopy, electron microscopy (EPMA and SEM-EDS), Xray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma spectrometry, and lead isotope analysis. The study provides a new classification system for the distinction of different refractory materials. Results of the analyses revealed new aspects of Ghassulian metallurgy in the Southern Levant. Two separate copper ore sources have been distinguished through mineralogy, petrography, and lead isotope analysis indicating long distance trade for the acquisition of these ores. Evidence was also found for arsenical copper alloying on the site based on the presence of arsenic in the fayalite smelting slag and in the remelting/refining slag. The findings support a multi step open-air process model of Abstract ________________________________________________________________________

Carbothermic reduction of oxide minerals is one of the major routes to obtain the corresponding metals. This process produces a lot of CO 2 , which is responsible for greenhouse effect. Alternatively, hydrogen plasma containing hydrogen in atomic, ionic, and excited states can reduce almost every metal oxide even at lower temperatures. Besides this advantage, plasma processing also offers kinetic advantages. Further, hydrogen-water cycle does not pose any environmental problems. However, reduction of metal oxides in hydrogen plasma is not so straightforward-there are issues relating to introduction of material into the plasma zone, residence time, reverse reaction, and scale-up that must be resolved-yet, it holds the key to future environmental challenges particularly with respect to CO 2 emission. This paper provides an overview of reduction of oxide minerals by hydrogen plasma. The influences of various reaction conditions particularly with respect to reduction of oxides are discussed and some aspects of both thermal and non-thermal cold plasma linking oxidative as well as dissociative reduction are presented.

This article uses the translation and mistranslation of colonial scientific mining and metallurgical books, exemplified here by priest-metallurgist Álvaro Alonso Barba’s Arte de los metales (Madrid, 1640) to show where and how indigenous knowledges helped to shape industrial-scale, cost-effective amalgamation technologies that were developed in colonial Latin America.

The English and German translators of Barba’s book easily render complex natural philosophical passages correctly into their respective target languages – even, and especially, when the authorities they cite disagree, as in the case of Aristotle, Avicenna, and Albertus Magnus on the place of mineral genesis. So long as the references are familiar, it does not matter whether they originate in Greek, Latin, or Arabic. But the same translators struggle to work with technical terms that developed in the Americas. At times, they mistake Hispanized forms of Quechua as part of the Castilian lexicon. At other times, they translate the color properties in racialized mineral classifications, such as negrillo (silver sulfide), rendering it as “black Oar” and “schwartz Erzt,” while at other times they leave it in the source language (especially when it is near another “casta de metales,” mulatos).

This broad range of responses to colonial scientific discourse suggests just how unfamiliar these terms were for readers in early modern Europe, and they allow us to identify where and how New World knowledges, indigenous and colonial, helped to shape the science of silver in the seventeenth century.

Pressure oxidation is increasingly being used for processing refractory sulphide ores and concentrates because it offers highly effective base metal and precious metal extraction while minimizing elemental sulphur, arsenic & mercury emissions. Yet pressure oxidation processes introduce new safety concerns and process risks as demonstrated by a number of safety incidents over the last 20 years, including overfilling, oxygen-metal fires, nozzle/sparger failures, and uncontrolled pressure relief events. Chemical Process Safety regulations in the United States and Canada mandate that companies constructing or operating chemical process facilities perform a rigorous hazard and risk analysis based on either ANSI/ISA-84.00.01 or IEC 61511 safety standards to determine the level of protection required for each hazard in the plant. This paper describes the application and implementation of three (3) unique safety instrumented systems developed by Hatch for ensuring the safe operation of three different pressure oxidation processes.

Serpentinic ore, from the ''Kastoria'' nickeliferous deposit in Northern Greece, was first processed to reject as much of its calcite content as possible. Partial separation of calcite from the ore was achieved by the use of a strong magnetic field, the extent of which depended on feed particle size. The losses of nickel in the nonmagnetic product were about 5%, while the percentage CaO removal was about 37%. Based on the experimental findings, a mineral processing scheme was devised and applied in order to prepare a suitable sulphuric acid heap or agitation leaching feed. D

Buen Vivir, a political paradigm at work in Bolivia and Ecuador that underpins the state and social regeneration after a prolonged and devastating period of neoliberalism, has become a hotly contested subject within academia and politics. Although it has been categorized as decolonial, post-neoliberal, and post-developmentalist, recent developments suggest that the Ecuadorian government is turning toward a highly extractivist and modernist model based on bureaucratic and technocratic logics. This article focuses on the debate spurred around Buen Vivir, arguing that it has been employed as a cultural representation by many academics, politicians, and social agents, thus foreclosing the possibility of engaging in more grounded and pragmatic discussions and hindering the articulation of alternative political configurations. Accordingly, it seeks to shift the debate from epistemological questions about the conditions of knowledge to thinking the nature of the world ontologically from the perspective of Buen Vivir

Modern metallurgical plants are experiencing the effects of rapid staff turnaround, which include the relearning of plant-specific nuances as well as the gradual attrition of this knowledge. The loss of experience impacts detrimentally on ramp-up time for new plants and on operating efficiencies for existing ones.

Serpentinic ore, from the ''Kastoria'' nickeliferous deposit in Northern Greece, was first processed to reject as much of its calcite content as possible. Partial separation of calcite from the ore was achieved by the use of a strong magnetic field, the extent of which depended on feed particle size. The losses of nickel in the nonmagnetic product were about 5%, while the percentage CaO removal was about 37%. Based on the experimental findings, a mineral processing scheme was devised and applied in order to prepare a suitable sulphuric acid heap or agitation leaching feed. D

Anglo Asian Mining has developed a 50,000 oz Au/yr open pit gold mine at Gedabek in Western Azerbaijan. The deposit at Gedabek is a copper-gold porphyry, comprising both oxide and sulphide ore mineralisation, which is being mined at the rate of about 1 million tons of ore per year. Ore processing is by conventional cyanide heap leaching, which produces a pregnant leach solution (PLS) containing 1-2 ppm of gold, together with 1000 ppm or more of copper. The PLS is treated by column ion exchange, using Dow's goldselective MINIX resin. Loaded resin is stripped with an acidic thiourea solution, from which gold and silver are electrowon on to stainless steel mesh cathodes. Copper concentrations in the leach solutions are controlled by passing part of the PLS flow through a SART process, where the acronym stands for "Sulphidisation, Acidification, Recycling and Thickening".

В статье рассмотрено проблемы получение металлизированных железных концентратов из низкосортного сырья. Дано полезные информации о теоретических основах процессов, которые происходящие при восстановления железа из её руды и  железосодержащих материалов. А также, определены основные технологические параметры получения окатышей, образующейся при процесс металлизации. Из этих материалов можно  использовать как сырье для получение стали.

The study reports a method of processing  a low-grade copper–cobalt oxidized  ore by heap leaching and solvent extraction. Optimisation of heap leaching parameters was carried out by performing both stirred-tank and in-tray batch leaching tests. Based on the optimum  conditions established,  a semi-continuous heap leaching pilot plant was designed and run. The pregnant leach solution obtained yielded 2350 mg/L Cu, 3800 mg/L Co, 3600 mg/L Fe, 130 mg/L Mn, 25 mg/L Zn and 0.58 g/L of solids in suspension. The pH  and acidity of the PLS were 1.27 and 3.66 g/L, respectively.  Copper, cobalt and impurities (manganese and zinc) were successfully extracted using 30%  v/v CP-150, 20%  v/v IONQUEST 290 and 20%  V/V D2EHPA, respectively. The overall recoveries of copper, cobalt and impurities were 98%, 99%  and 70%, respectively. The purified copper and cobalt electrolytes obtained can be further treated by electrowinning or salt precipitation.

Laval Üniversitesi Maden-Metalurji Mühendisliği Bölümünde doktorasını sürdürmekte olan Yüksek Maden Mühendisi Ahmet Deniz Baş, madencilik ve cevher hazırlama konusunda söz sahibi ülkelerin başında yer alan, bu alanlarda yeni teknolojiler üreten ve üretmeye de devam eden Kanada, Avustralya ve Güney Afrika’da görev yapan birer Türk akademisyen ile dergimizde yayınlanmak üzere kısa söyleşiler gerçekleştirdi. Özellikle madencilik ve metal kazanımı alanlarında yurt dışında lisans ve lisansüstü eğitimi almak isteyenlere faydalı olacağına inandığımız söyleşilerin ilki Avustralya Curtin Üniversitesi’nde görev yapan Prof. Dr. Erkan Topal ile oldu.

— This study aims to investigate the Pyrometallurgical extraction of tin metal from the Egyptian cassiterite concentrate. The carbothermic reduction of cassiterite concentrate by char coal in the NaR 2R COR 3R-NaNOR 3R molten salt system was studied at the temperature range 850-1000P • P C. The results showed that more than 95% of tin was successfully extracted at smelting temperature 1000P • P C and after 60 mint. smelting time. The kinetics of reaction was found to follow the chemical reaction model. The activation energy was calculated 106 KJ/mol. After purification process the tin produced had a purity of 99.6 %.

This book was created to help teach rate theory and transport phenomena using numerical examples to apply theory to the most up-to-date mineral and material processing techniques. The text integrates theory, methodology and extensive numerical applications for use in chemical engineering, materials science and process metallurgy courses. Elements of transport and rate theory encompass such important phenomena as fluid flow, conduction, diffusion and heat transport.

Cet ouvrage rassemble les actes d’un colloque international tenu à la Maison Méditerranéenne des Sciences de l’Homme d’Aix-en-Provence les 6, 7 et 8 octobre 2016. Organisée par le Laboratoire d’Archéologie Médiévale et Moderne en Méditerranée (CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université) et par le Dipartimento di Scienze Storiche e dei Beni Culturali de l’Université de Sienne, cette rencontre a réuni près de cinquante spécialistes du Moyen Âge – archéologues, historiens, géochimistes – autour des métaux précieux en Méditerranée. Ce livre entend examiner un long processus qui s’étend de l’extraction des minerais jusqu’à la diffusion des métaux, en articulant les techniques aux sociétés et aux pouvoirs. Le panorama des principaux lieux de la production, ici présenté sous forme de synthèses régionales, côtoie des études qui suivent les différentes phases de ce processus, de façon à confronter les sources, les approches et à faciliter les comparaisons. L’enquête se focalise enfin sur les circulations des métaux, en mettant en évidence les problèmes de sources et de méthodes que cela induit, tout en proposant des relectures historiographiques fondées sur les résultats de travaux récents. Pour la première fois, la Méditerranée médiévale fournit le cadre géographique d’une réflexion collective consacrée aux productions et circulations des métaux précieux. Au-delà du simple bilan de connaissances, ce livre entend finalement proposer quelques jalons pour une histoire comparée et connectée : l’approfondissement, puis la confrontation d’enquêtes monographiques et régionales offrent dans cette optique de fécondes perspectives pour les années à venir.

The roasting in air of pellets consisting of copper-iron sulphides and limestone and activated limestone has been investigated to explore the possibility of developing a metal production process that eliminates sulphur dioxide gas emissions. The effects of pellet porosity, sulphide: limestone ratio, pellet sizes and temperature on reaction kinetics were investigated. Thermogravimetry was carried out under air atmosphere. The weight gain of pelletized samples was used to identify and study the phases present in the reaction products.

The rapid growth in the use of electronic equipments, combined with early obsolescence has contributed enormously to the generation of large quantity of electronic (e) waste. One such e-waste, the mobile phone printed circuit boards (PCBs) contain various precious metals which can be extracted by different hydrometallurgical routes. The present work deals with the recovery of gold using ammonium thiosulfate as a leaching agent from waste mobile PCBs containing 0.021% Au, 0.1% Ag, 56.68% Cu, 1.61% Ca, 1.42% Al, 1.40% Sn, 0.24% Fe, 0.22% Zn, 0.01% Pd etc.. The cutting granules of 0.5 -3.0 mm PCBs were used for leaching in a 500 mL glass beaker in open atmosphere. The effect of various parameters viz. ammonium thiosulfate concentration, copper sulfate concentration, pH and pulp density was studied. A leaching of 56.7% gold was obtained under the optimum condition of 0.1M ammonium thiosulfate, 40 mM copper sulfate, pH: 10-10.5, pulp density: 10 g/L at room temperature and stirring speed of 250 rpm in 8h duration. The maximum leaching of gold in the pH range 10-10.5 may be attributed to the higher stability of the ammonium thiosulfate. The decomposition of ammonium thiosulfate in the different pH ranges was chemically analysed by iodometric method. The ammonium thiosulfate contents in the leach liquors were in agreement with the quantity of gold leached in the respective pH ranges. In this process the copper sulfate worked as a catalyst. The experiment conducted with complete PCBs scrap exhibited a maximum leaching of 78.8% gold at the above optimised condition.