Emission Control

The industrial sector is the largest user of energy in Malaysia. Industrial motors account for a major segment of total industrial energy use. Since motors are the principle energy users, different energy savings strategies have been applied to reduce their energy consumption and associated emissions released into the atmosphere. These strategies include using highly efficient motors, variable speed drive (VSD), and capacitor banks to improve the power factor. It has been estimated that there can be a total energy savings of 1765, 2703 and 3605 MWh by utilizing energy-efficient motors for 50%, 75% and 100% loads, respectively. It was also found that for different motor loads, an estimated US$115,936 US$173,019 and US$230,693 can be saved in anticipated energy costs. Similarly, it is hypothesized that a significant amount of energy can be saved using VSD and capacitor banks to reduce speed and improve the power factor, thus cutting energy costs. Moreover, a substantial reduction in the amount of emissions can be effected together with the associated energy savings for different energy savings strategies. In addition, the payback period for different energy savings strategies has been found to be reasonable in some cases.

This paper investigates the economic feasibility of rice straw co-firing at coal power plants in Malaysia and in doing so looks at the operating, capital, and logistic costs. Co-firing rice straw in an existing coal power plant is a technique that could reduce CO2 emissions and make Malaysia less dependency on coal resources. In a country such as Malaysia with abundant biomass resources, utilizing biomass residue also would help reach government targets of developing renewable energy under the country's Fuel Diversification Policy. The overall rice straw life cycle assessment presented here analyses environmental, energy and economic aspects for co-firing of rice straw at existing coal power plants in Malaysia. Analysis of GHG emissions and energy consumption throughout the entire co-firing rice straw life cycle was based on selected coal power plant capacity output. This paper also analyses the implication of rice straw use under different co-fired ratios, transportation systems and CO2 emission prices. The reduction of GHG emissions was found to be significant even at a lower co-firing ratio. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0360544213004969/1-s2.0-S0360544213004969-main.pdf?_tid=2db74b38-a9c7-11e3-be4a-00000aab0f01&acdnat=1394616048_ffc1705266e2d6f9e6191721d7cd12e3 
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544213004969

A Laser Extinction Method has been set up to provide twodimensional soot volume fraction field time history at a tunable frequency up to 70 Hz inside an axis-symmetric diffusion flame experiencing slow unsteady phenomena preserving the symmetry. The use of a continuous wave laser as the light source enables this repetition rate, which is an incremental advance in the laser extinction technique. The technique is shown to allow a fine description of the soot volume fraction field in a flickering flame exhibiting a 12.6 Hz flickering phenomenon. Within this range of repetition rate, the technique and its subsequent post-processing require neither any method for time-domain reconstruction nor any correction for energy intrusion. Possibly complemented by such a reconstruction method, the technique should support further soot volume fraction database in oscillating flames that exhibit characteristic times relevant to the current efforts in the validation of soot processes modeling.

Main focus of this dissertation is to Design and Develop integrated catalytic converter and muffler, which is low costing, using CAD Modeling Software & fabrication of the same. Catalytic Converter is developed from metal oxides which are readily available in the local market. Modern cars are equipped with three way catalytic converters which are made from Platinum Group Metals (PGM) and Cerium Oxide (CeO2) [1,2]. These days platinum is used as a lead catalyst in the catalytic converter which is both costly and it agglomerates at working temperature of catalytic converter [3]. Aim of this work is to use metal oxides in place of the Platinum Group Metals (PGM) and oxides which are required to import such as CeO2 and use honeycomb structure formed by stacking hollow tubes made of stainless steel one over another so as to increase the contact area through which the exhaust gases pass and also causing laminar flow of exhaust gases to take place through the hollow tubes [4] in compare to conventional muffler in which resonating chambers are used which are harmonically tuned to cause destructive interference wherein opposite sound waves cancel each other out. In this work catalytic converter is developed based on catalyst material consisting of metal oxide namely kaolin (Al2O3 • 2SiO2) and Urea (CO(NH2)2), in Wire Mesh substrate type. Here Urea is used for reduction and Kaolin for oxidation of flue gases, in which Urea replaces PGM.