Ecolabel

Over the past several years, environmental economists have been increasingly attracted to the use of information as an alternative to traditional methods for regulating externalities. An example of this approach is ‘‘eco-labeling,’’ where a third party certifies firms’ products; this approach is particularly popular in practice, having been adopted in a variety of countries. With this widespread adoption of eco-labeling, a literature has developed in environmental economics. In this paper, I survey the equilibria that may occur with eco-labeling, and discuss the resultant welfare effects.

Muhammad Mashuri Alif,
Trisakti University, February 2, 2017
Dr. HifniAlifahmi. M.Si
Keywords
"EffectLabel Eco-Friendly Toward Brand Reputation the Mediated by Perceived Toward the Brand Quality and Trust Toward  Papers Products  Brand".

Label Eco-friendly mediation ecolabel ecolabel the quality of the brand ecolabel trust the brand image the perceivedbrand quality to trust toward brand image the quality brand to brand reputation while the trust towardbrand image to the brand reputation the Ecolabel and brand reputation
Major Advisor: .
is essentially a procedure that was created by the global community to ensure that consumers and producers are aware of their responsibilities to the preservation of the environment, since the beginning of the production process to the end. The process transformed the society through building a perception of quality and Trust towards brand of paper production which is mediated by the quality of the Trust towards brand in enhancing brand reputation labeled environment.
The background and objective of the research was to examine the relationship of each variable based on the research and literature contained in scientific journals that are used to strengthen tiori about label eco-friendly, brand quality perception, trust towards the brand and the brand's reputation in paper products.
The data is source used in this study were obtained from 200 respondents consisting of students D3, S1 and S2 from universities in Jakarta. This study was developed based on four variables and 5 hypothesis 1 hypothesis directly and indirectly ( ). The entire variable is measured using a Likert scale with a choice of 1 to 7 (Very2 Strongly Disagree to Very2 Strongly Agree).
The results of the management of the data indicates that the label environmentally friendly ( ) positive effect on each variable, which is shown by the on with the estimate of 1.027 and 14.443, to of the estimate of 0.651 and 6.782, 0.566 and 8.463 as well as estimate of 0.345 and 5.943, of the estimate 0.211 and 4.194. While the hypothesis of indirect relationship between worth 0.614.
Keyword: ecolabel, perceived quality brand products, trust toward brand and brand reputation.

Utilizing data drawn from online and print advertisements, this research compares the green advertising techniques of companies with well-documented strong and weak social and environmental track records. Notwithstanding more subtle, divergent narratives suggesting that more responsible companies direct the consumer gaze toward more political and systemic issues while their counterparts tend to emphasize relatively low-cost, scientific, and philanthropic efforts, the main findings indicate that all companies employ a very similar grand narrative focused on consumer empowerment regardless of their actual ethical track record. This suggests that most attempts, by consumers and scholars alike, to determine anything meaningful about actual corporate practices via an analysis of environmental advertising, may be largely futile. A dramaturgical framework is employed to argue that the findings are most suitably explained by reframing green advertising as a form of impression management for an audience of ethical consumers. Thus, greenwashing emerges only when such performances are contradicted by a company’s actual environmental track record. The author proposes a more relational definition of greenwashing to reorient the analytical focus on the processes behind, and connections between, the product, the company, and the industry, including their broader cultural context.

In the last 20 years , the tourism industry has witnessed the proliferation of many ecolabels with different scopes and criteria and sometimes with a limited area of recognition, which has caused confusion among guest s. In order to offer a tool useful for consumers and recognized all over Europe, in 2001 the European Union decided to extend its official ecolabel to the hospitality sector. Fifteen years since its introduction, Italy represents the first country in Europe in terms of adhesion to the European Ecolabel while in other countries like Austria, Spain and France, only a limited number of properties are certified. This paper aims at presenting a study of 36 Italian accommodation establishments with the European Ecolabel (out of 194, the 18.6% of the total) and analyses their motivations, difficulties, costs, and benefits deriving from its implementations.

This paper contributes to an ongoing effort by scholars to bridge the gap between the growing literatures on corporate social responsibility (CSR) and ethical consum- erism (EC) by proposing that these phenomena be considered as two ends of an economic communication system linking companies and consumers. Though some researchers have called into question the data sources that most ethical consumers rely on when making their decisions in the marketplace and others have noted the shortcomings in the accuracy of our systems of CSR measurement, in neither of these cases have researchers been able to uncover viable alternatives to the imperfect solution of third party certifications (aka ecolabels). Emerging consumer-oriented CSR rating systems, being utilized by millions of consumers in the Anglosphere, may represent some of the first alternatives for CSR and EC scholars, as well as for ethical consumers themselves. This research compares the four most popular consumer- oriented CSR measurement systems produced in the US (GoodGuide, Better World Shopper), UK (Ethical Consumer) and Australia (Shop Ethical). While thousands of companies are rated in each system, statistical analyses are focused on comparing the CSR ratings of the 106 companies common to all four systems. The findings reveal that although each system’s goals of measuring CSR are closely aligned, out- comes are considerably divergent.

While prior ecolabel research suggests that consumers’ trust of ecolabel sponsors is associated with their purchase of ecolabeled products, we know little about how third-party certification might relate to consumer purchases when trust varies. Drawing on cognitive theory, and a stratified random sample of more than 1,200 consumers, we assess how third-party certification relates to consumers’ use of ecolabels across different program sponsors. We find that consumers’ trust of government and environmental NGOs to provide credible environmental information encourages consumers’ use of ecolabels sponsored by these entities, and consumers do not differentiate between certified vs. uncertified ecolabels in the presence of trust. By contrast, consumers’ distrust of private business to provide credible environmental information discourages their use of business association sponsored ecolabels. However, these ecolabels may be able to overcome consumer distrust if their sponsors certify the ecolabels using third-party auditors. These findings are important to sponsors who wish develop ecolabels that are more credible to consumers and thus encourage more widespread ecolabel use.

We examine new dynamics of privatization and collective action in common pool resource situations facilitated by the nonstate multistakeholder institutions of the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC), the global leader in sustainability certification for wild caught seafood. Through a review of the literature and two case studies of fishing cooperatives in Baja California Sur, Mexico and on Fogo Island in the Canadian Province of Newfoundland and Labrador (NL), we advance two interrelated arguments. First, certification and eco-labeling institutions privatize fisheries governance in largely unexamined ways through the injection of new forms of exclusive rights or privileges into common pool resource situations already complicated by access and property privileges, creating conditions for confusion and conflict as well as cooperation. Second, the MSC whole stock definition of sustainability places greater demands on certification clients for engaging in collective action by encouraging coordination over all social extractions from targeted fish stocks. Although rules encouraging collective action in common pool situations militate against the narrow private capture of certificate and eco-label rights, they also undermine the ability of small-scale and community-based fisheries that are embedded in larger unhealthy fishery contexts to acquire the right to the MSC stamp of sustainability. We conclude that MSC certification and eco-labeling create new institutions of private property rights and collective action, which can result in exclusionary practices, inclusionary collective action, or both. Much will depend on the specific common pool context and history of the fishery.

Certification programs yield global assemblages of producers, consumers, investors, markets, and certifiers
that are built around rules that define sustainability. In studying the dynamics and impacts of certification,
scholars often refer to ‘‘the rules’’ underlying certification in a manner that makes them seem
like immutable mobiles: permanent and unchanging objects that are produced by technical, expert-driven
processes and that can be applied in diverse places and contexts. In this paper, we turn attention to
the rules and rule-making processes underlying certification to demonstrate the unstable, changeable
and contested underpinnings of sustainability assemblages. We explore the World Wildlife Fund
(WWF)-sponsored multi-stakeholder Aquaculture Dialogues, an unusually open and participatory experiment
in ‘‘green’’ rule-making. Our analysis reveals that rules are never final. Instead, intersections
between rule-making bodies and the structure of rule-making procedures create critical debate and contestation
over the definition of ‘‘sustainability’’ that structures the aquaculture sustainability assemblage,
and over who can and should be empowered to do the defining. This approach enables scholars of certification
to rethink the ontology of certification rules as part of, rather than an external ordering principle
for, the dynamic and contested nature of sustainability assemblages.

In the last 20 years , the tourism industry has witnessed the proliferation of many ecolabels with different scopes and criteria and sometimes with a limited area of recognition, which has caused confusion among guest s. In order to offer a tool useful for consumers and recognized all over Europe, in 2001 the European Union decided to extend its official ecolabel to the hospitality sector. Fifteen years since its introduction, Italy represents the first country in Europe in terms of adhesion to the European Ecolabel while in other countries like Austria, Spain and France, only a limited number of properties are certified. This paper aims at presenting a study of 36 Italian accommodation establishments with the European Ecolabel (out of 194, the 18.6% of the total) and analyses their motivations, difficulties, costs, and benefits deriving from its implementations.

Ο τουρισμός, ως δραστηριότητα με κοινωνική , πολιτισμική , περιβαλλοντική και οικονομική διάσταση, βασίζεται σε δύο πυλώνες , το φυσικό και πολιτισμικό περιβάλλον . Καθώς όμως αυτοί οι δύο πυλώνες απειλούνται από την οικονομική ανάπτυξη , η Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση διαμορφώνει πολιτικές για βιώσιμη ανάπτυξη . Ειδικά για τον τουρισμό , μέσω των θεσμικών της οργάνων, η Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση αναλαμβάνει δράσεις με στόχο την αειφόρο τουριστική ανάπτυξη . Ένα σημαντικό εργαλείο στην επίτευξη του στόχου αυτού είναι το οικολογικό σήμα της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης , που απονέμεται στα τουριστικά καταλύματα και κάμπινγκ βάσει του Κανονισμού 66/2010/ΕΚ του Ευρωπαϊκού Κοινοβουλίου και του Συμβουλίου . Ο σκοπός του άρθρου αυτού είναι η ανάδειξη του θεσμικού πλαισίου απονομής του οικολογικού σήματος της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης στις τουριστικές επιχειρήσεις φιλοξενίας, με στόχο τη βιώσιμη τουριστική ανάπτυξη.

In this paper we would like to focus on the awareness of sustainable management of resources among hotel managers and tourists visiting the mountainous parts of the Alpen-Adria region (Southeastern Alps, Northern Adriatic) of Europe. We are going to elaborate on results of quantitative questionnaires made in several tourist resort of the region. Our study proves that the environment has become the problem of the society and the economy where tourism is taking place.
Key words: Southeastern Alps, Northern Adriatic, tourism, sustainable development, environment

This paper takes a critical political economy perspective to examine the process of monetary and financial integration within the European Union (EU). In contrast to other perspectives, which emphasize the political or symbolic aspects of the EU, it is argued that the formation of European Monetary Union (EMU) has been driven by a largely neoliberal logic. Using the critiques of neoliberalism developed by Gill (1995) and Peck and Tickell (2002), this paper critically analyzes this process of neoliberal integration. Although driven by a universalizing logic, the incomplete and contradictory implementation of neoliberal integration within the EU set the stage for a crisis of capitalism in the form of the sovereign debt crises, by institutionalizing key structural asymmetries between the Eurozone core and the periphery. However, the actions taken following the crisis have been aimed at consolidating and deepening neoliberal integration with policies designed to maintain the value of capital, whilst simultaneously disciplining labour through austerity conditions.

While prior ecolabel research suggests that consumers’ trust of ecolabel sponsors is associated with their purchase of ecolabeled products, we know little about how third-party certification might relate to consumer purchases when trust varies. Drawing on cognitive theory and a stratified random sample of more than 1200 consumers, we assess how third-party certification relates to consumers’ use of ecolabels across different program sponsors. We find that consumers’ trust of government and environmental NGOs to provide credible environmental information encourages consumers’ use of ecolabels sponsored by these entities, and consumers do not differentiate between certified versus uncertified ecolabels in the presence of trust. By contrast, consumers’ distrust of private business to provide credible environmental information discourages their use of business association sponsored ecolabels. However, these ecolabels may be able to overcome consumer distrust if their sponsors certify the ecolabels using third-party auditors. These findings are important to sponsors who wish develop ecolabels that are more credible to consumers, and thus encourage more widespread ecolabel use.

The goal of this research was to shed light on the trade-offs that salmon consumers make between five types of production and health attributes of farmed salmon. In Canada, the major southern Ontario market cleaved into five distinct consumer segments that varied according to age and income, ‘tastes’, and threat perceptions. There was strong consumer aversion to increased levels of

Tourism is an important aspect of the lives of the European citizens, who travel more and more for leisure or business. To this end, since the early 1980s the European Union and in particular, the European Commission and the European Parliament, have
been developing actions aiming at promoting sustainable tourism development. The main goal is to improve the tourism services within the EU and foster competitiveness of the European tourism industry with respect to the natural and cultural environment. The EU Ecolabel, a voluntary scheme established in 1992 in order to encourage businesses to market environmentally friendly products and services, has been an important tool to this
direction.
This paper aims at researching and studying analytically the EU institutional framework with regard to the EU Ecolabel awarding, highlighting the EU initiatives and actions for the promotion of the EU Ecolabel and exploring the way EU Regulations and
Directives have been incorporated into the Greek law system.
KEYWORDS: EU Ecolabel, tourist accommodation, tourist campsites, sustainable tourism development, EU ‘flower’

With more than 450 eco-labels worldwide, consumers have greater access to information about which products offer superior environmental attributes. How does a consumer decide which eco-labels are more likely to improve environmental outcomes? Eco-label’s sponsor can provide a useful cue for consumers looking to determine the strength of an eco-label’s rules and which are more likely to promote improved environmental performance outcomes.

This paper contributes to an ongoing effort by scholars to bridge the gap between the growing literatures on corporate social responsibility (CSR) and ethical consum- erism (EC) by proposing that these phenomena be considered as two ends of an economic communication system linking companies and consumers. Though some researchers have called into question the data sources that most ethical consumers rely on when making their decisions in the marketplace and others have noted the shortcomings in the accuracy of our systems of CSR measurement, in neither of these cases have researchers been able to uncover viable alternatives to the imperfect solution of third party certifications (aka ecolabels). Emerging consumer-oriented CSR rating systems, being utilized by millions of consumers in the Anglosphere, may represent some of the first alternatives for CSR and EC scholars, as well as for ethical consumers themselves. This research compares the four most popular consumer- oriented CSR measurement systems produced in the US (GoodGuide, Better World Shopper), UK (Ethical Consumer) and Australia (Shop Ethical). While thousands of companies are rated in each system, statistical analyses are focused on comparing the CSR ratings of the 106 companies common to all four systems. The findings reveal that although each system’s goals of measuring CSR are closely aligned, out- comes are considerably divergent.

With more than 450 eco-labels worldwide, consumers have greater access to information about which products offer superior environmental attributes. How does a consumer decide which eco-labels are more likely to improve environmental outcomes? Eco-label’s sponsor can provide a useful cue for consumers looking to determine the strength of an eco-label’s rules and which are more likely to promote improved environmental performance outcomes.