Duhok

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) alterations and different types of thyroid dysfunctions in both sexes with no age limitations from variety of sources in Duhok province. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we screened 25040 suspicious cases of thyroid diseases in a year (2019), retrieving the data from the computers of three clinical laboratories of Duhok City. Following exclusion of 470 cases, 24568 cases were included to categorize the different types of thyroid dysfunctions. The prevalence of TSH alteration was 25.03%, 20.55% of them had a high concentration being statistically higher in females, while only 4.48% was low TSH with equal prevalence among both sexes. Out of 24568 patients, the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was 94.85%, followed by 2.20%, 1.20%, 0.78%, 0.67%, and 0.31% for each of subclinical hyperthyroidism, primary hypothyroidism, central hyperthyroidism, central hypothyroidism, and primary hyperth...

This research is an attempt to analyze the existing urban form of outdoor public space of Duhok city and to give proposals for their improvements in terms of urban seating. The aim of this research is to identify the main urban furniture elements and behavior of users of three central parks of Duhok city, recognizing their functionality and the most common errors.
Citizen’s needs, directly related to the physical characteristics of the environment, are categorized in terms of contact with nature. Parks as significant urban environments express their aesthetic preferences, as well as the need for recreation and play. Citizens around the world desire to contact with nature and places where they can socialize, play and practice different activities, but also participate in building their community and feeling the identity of their cities. The study is also aimed to reintegrate these spaces in the wider urban context of the city of Duhok, to develop new functions by designing new seating patterns, more improved urban furniture, and necessary supporting facilities and equipment.
Urban furniture is a product that uses an enormous number of people in public space. It has a high level of wear and damage due to intense use, exposure to sunlight and weather conditions. Iraq has a hot and dry climate characterized by long, warm, dry summers and short, cold winters. The climate is determined by the Iraq location at the crossroads of Arab desert areas and the subtropical humid climate of the Persian Gulf. The second part of this analysis will describe the possibilities of traditional and contemporary materials as well as their advantages in urban furniture production, providing users protection from extreme local climate conditions, but also taking into account solidities and unwelcome consequences, such as vandalism. The main line of research was on how to protect materials used for furniture production, retaining their natural appearance, enriching their properties and preserving over time. Experimental tests were held at CTCOR in order to evaluate the safety, durability, structural adequacy, joinery, and understanding the behavior of materials on extreme conditions.
In addition, this research represents a preliminary stage in the development of IND307 furniture design course for needs of the Department of Interior design, at the American University in Duhok. Based on results obtained in this research, the course would present a symbiosis between people and technology, promotion of new street furniture design that perceives pedestrian activities in an urban setting, and practical use of anthropometric measurements as a tool for technical innovations.

This research explains how electrical power is transmitted underground. It emphasized the most essential benefits, limitations, uses, and locations where underground transmission is commonly employed. The method chosen is primarily determined by factors such as cost, voltage, safety, application, and so on. The overhead power transmission is inexpensive, as is the installation process. Underground power transmission, on the other hand, is more expensive but has numerous advantages, such as the potential to limit outages, lower maintenance costs, safety, more environmentally friendly, and transmission losses are frequently lower with underground cables than with overhead lines. The study presented the problem of Dohuk's overhead transmission system growing with the province's expansion, which led to the expansion of overhead transmission network because they are cheaper, and the project overlooked other concerns such as social and environmental. The challenge does not end there; decision makers are embracing the concept of installing transmission lines above ground without regard for future impacting circumstances. As a consequence, interviews, observation, and research techniques were utilized to investigate topics such as why subterranean tables are expensive, and what the cost benefits of this transmission system are, how the overhead transmission lines are affecting the Duhok region, and why there is no future plans for underground transmission type. Furthermore, the study covered objectives such as understanding the effect of transmission lines and making rational proposals for utilizing underground spaces for transmission lines in the case study rather than surface, as well as putting some recommend applications of underground transmission lines for the development of sustainable energy supply in Duhok governorate. The findings indicated that there is insufficient understanding about this type, and the opportunity cost of adopting underground transmission type is positive, since though it is costly now, it will serve and save economic, social, and environmental difficulties in the future in a sustainable manner.

Through Nicholas Al-Jeloo's exhibition, the general Fairfield community is able to witness the immense pride of the Assyrian people and the celebration of Persistence & Existence. The Assyrians are a key community in Fairfield. This exhibition showcases how the contemporary life of the Assyrian people is deeply rooted in the past and traditions of Iraq, Turkey, Iran and Syria.

Extreme weather conditions across Iraq influence people's psychosocial wellbeing, particularly the wellbeing of internally displaced persons (IDPs). This research examines the perceptions of climate change, as well as its causes and impacts on the everyday lives of IDPs in Iraq, and what needs to be done to mitigate these impacts. Following a literature review, this study presents a survey developed and carried out by the International Organisation for Migration (IOM) with IDPs in Ninewa and Duhok camp settings to assess interest in climate change, the impacts of climate change on the IDP population, the observed importance of addressing climate change and what actions can be taken to mitigate such impacts. Key research findings illustrate that most IDPs (80%) have observed climate change in their lives and have been affected directly by climate change (74%). Apart from detailing these findings, the study presents the solutions suggested by the IDPs to address climate change impacts. Based on these suggestions, this study then introduces policy-relevant recommendations to enhance the psychosocial wellbeing of the IDPs across Iraq and support government authorities, national policymakers, and humanitarian actors in responding to the needs of the affected population associated with the consequences of climate change.

THE FIRE TEMPLES IN ÇARÎSTÎN
SITE IN THE LIGHT OF EXCAVATION
(Studying architecturally comparison)
BY
HASAN Ahmed QASIM
     
              The Iraqi ancient civilization is regarded almost as one of the most famous civilizations in the history of the world, therefore many people from different ethnics from their personal view of life contributed to constituting it as well as inventing the most requirements for their life, thus they totally dip ended on their personal ability, therefore, they gave humanity a great service from all aspects agriculturally, culturally and scientifically.


All these civilized achievements whose achieved through the efforts of the ancient Iraqi people and their open minds more over their cohesions for the best life for themselves as well as for their future generations.

The Aryan people has a great role in constituting this civilization because they enriched it with thoughts and beliefs about humans in her life and death and they left traces in the area they lived in and it becomes witnesses and archeological evidence which reflects the world important aspects of their life, architecturally regionally and scientifically, perhaps the extended.

The period from (612 B.C) to the (500 A.C) is considered as a poor period in information's a region that has not studied well, so we need archeological excavations in the areas we think that they may contain enough archeological evidence which will add with no doubt much of the scientific facts to the historical writings and will resurrect the mistakes of the previous writers
and researchers, so the subject of the thesis essentially depends upon archeological excavations led by the researcher who has headed the team in the area and who discovered many antiquities by his pickax.



So the researcher has focused his attention on the study of the architectural aspect that represents his discoveries of fire Temple and it attaches mentis in the site and he noticed that there were some similarities and differences between fire Temples in that site and fire Temples in Iran, so he traveled to Iran and he met their archeologists in this specialization for instances the professor (Fredoon Jondi) after he looks the result of excavations through diagrams and pictures he praised on researcher efforts and said (( the work you’ve done is not important only for Kurdistan or Iraq but it has great importance for Aryan peoples and he added, that you have discovered a group of fire Temples which are regarded as the most ancient ones in the region )).


The study consists of four chapters, the first which consists of three parts, the first part was about a location topographical, the definition of the site, mention of the site in the historical resources, and Excavation in the site.

In the second part we pass shortly on religion in that area before the Zoroastrianism, the religion, Temples, and feast.

And in the third part, we pass shortly on a Zoroastrian religion, beginning of Zoroastrian, sacred reference, hollower, ceremonies, and feasts.

In the second chapter, the study was about fire Temples the first part was about an open fire Temple, the second part was about built fire Temples, and the third part was about great colonnade Temple.

As a result of discovering attachments of those temples the third chapter is divided into nine parts includes ((fire Alters, fire torch, silence towers, sacred drink (stony factory for preparing), stone Canals, Hermitage priests, tunnel of the great Temple (column Temple), support walls, construction materials, and digging instruments)).

And the fourth chapter is a comparison study and which is divided into two parts, the first one dealt with the effect of Iraqi ancient Temples upon fire Temples from sacredness', the direction of the fore angles, columns, Alter, the use of water in temples, priests’ room and the construction materials, the second part contains fire temples and their attachments in Iran that consist of the fire temple, fire Alters, fire hearth, sacred ash stores, stone Canal, and silence towers.

As urban expansion proceeds rapidly worldwide , challenges to urban planning and public participation become more conspicuous. Urbanization, and particularly rapid urban expansion, has serious implications for children. While this age group is most vulnerable to the environmental hazards of cities, their needs are rarely given a special focus. Children are seldom involved in planning and decision-making on matters that touch their lives. The focus of local governments is rather on how to provide enough employment opportunities, transport, housing and other basic services to meet the growing needs. This article aims to capture the perceptions of children from two schools in Duhok city, Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) about the desired spatial environment in which they want to live. For this purpose, participatory mapping was used as a tool, whereby the children were able to express their needs and preferences through drawing/mapping their ideal cities. In preparation for the drawing exercise, the children had acquired a basic understanding of city planning and the basic elements that constitute the image of a city, based on Kevin Lynch's (1960, 1977) theory of the elements of a city image. The contents of the children's drawings were subsequently analyzed, based on Roger A. Hart's (2011) classification of eight city models. The results show that the majority of the city maps drawn by the children have the characteristics of the safe and accessible city. This study does not only explore children's perceptions of their existing and future urban environments, but also constitutes a unique initiative to encourage the involvement of school children of a Middle Eastern country in an informal city planning practice. Zusammenfassung Mit der weltweit raschen städtischen Expansion werden die Herausforderungen an die Stadtplanung und an die Beteiligung der Öffentlichkeit deutlich sichtbarer. Die Verstädterung und insbesondere die rasche städtische Expansion haben schwerwiegende Folgen für Kinder. Während diese Altersgruppe am stärksten von den Um-weltrisiken der Städte betroffen ist, wird ihren Bedürfnissen nur selten ein besonderer Stellenwert eingeräumt. Kinder werden selten an der Planung und an Entscheidungen, die ihren Lebensbereich unmittelbar betreffen, beteiligt. Der Schwerpunkt der lokalen Gebietskörperschaften liegt vielmehr darauf, wie genügend Beschäf-tigungsmöglichkeiten, Verkehrsmittel, Wohnraum und andere grundlegende Dienstleistungen bereitgestellt werden können, um den wachsenden Bedürfnissen gerecht zu werden. Dieser Artikel soll die Wahrnehmung von Kindern aus zwei Schulen in der Stadt Duhok, in der Region Kurdistan im Irak (KRI), über die gewünschte räumliche Umgebung, in der sie leben wollen, erfassen. Zu diesem Zweck wurde das Mapping von den Kindern als Werkzeug verwendet, um ihre Bedürfnisse und Vorlieben durch Zeichnung/Mapping ihrer idealen Städte Vol. 151, No. 4 · Research article

Thirty samples of dried figs were collected from local shops at Duhok   governorate, Kurdistan region of Iraq during 2012-2013 and surveyed for their fungal contamination. Thirty one species assigned to 14 genera were isolated on DRBC medium. Aspergillus was represented by 12 species and showed the widest diversity among all recorded genera. Penicillium was second in the number of species and was represented by five species. Three teleomorphic ascomycetes namely, Emericella nidulans, E.qudrilineata and  Eurotium amstelodami were also detected.  A,niger, A.flavus, A.carbonarius and A.parasiticus were the most frequent species. Aflatoxigenic potential of selected strains of A.flavus and A.parasiticus were secreened for their aflatoxigenic potential by ELISA technique. Aflatoxin potential detected in culture for A.parasiticus isolates was ranging between 81.0 to 355 ppb, whereas, the level of aflatoxin production for A.flavus isolates was from 193 to 333 ppb. Keywords: Fungi , Aspergil...

This research is an attempt to analyse the existing urban form of outdoor public space of Duhok city and to give proposals for their improvements in terms of urban seating. The aim of this research is to identify the main urban furniture elements and behaviour of users of three central parks of Duhok city, recognising their functionality and the most common errors. Citizens needs, directly related to the physical characteristics of the environment, are categorized in terms of contact with nature. Parks as significant urban environments express their aesthetic preferences, as well as the need for recreation and play. Citizens around the world desire to contact with nature and places where they can socialize, play and practice different activities, but also participate in building their community and feeling the identity of their cities. The aim of this research is also to reintegrate these spaces in the wider urban context of the city of Duhok, to develop new functions by designing a...