Defence

National defence training of public administration personnel can be broadly defined as a set of activities undertaken at all levels of public administration, aimed at preparing staff to perform offi cial duties concerned with state defence. This paper opens with the presentation of essential areas of national defence training. The subsequent section provides an overview of implementations of national defence training at various levels of public administration and at Higher Universities. The final part of this analysis describes the assumptions of a new didactic framework of courses in defence for public administration and national authorities at the Faculty of National Security of War Studies University in Warsaw.

"El servicio militar voluntario en las Fuerzas Armadas Argentinas entre el final del siglo XX y principios del XXI”. Co-autoría: Guillermo Lafferriere y Germán Soprano. En: Conjuntura Austral vol.5 Nº24. Revista do Núcleo Brasileiro de Estratégia e Relaçoes Internacionais y del Programa de Posgraduaçao em Estudos Estratégicos Internacionais. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Brasil. 2014. pp.17-45. ISSN: 2178-8839

This study is primarily intended to describe Turkish fansubbers’ efforts to exist as professionals rather than incompetent amateurs and fansubbing in Turkey and to draft a non-exhaustive fansubber profile on the basis of a corpus mainly consisting of interviews with “famous” Turkish fansubbers, who have been invited for an interview to defend themselves against explicit and implicit allegations and to explain their undertaking. The corpus comprises two types of data source, i.e. print and online media. Drawing on the views of the interviewees, the corpus analysis has assured that the present study can be built on such parameters as legality/ethics, professional recognition, visibility, censorship, quality, motives of fansubbing, remuneration, linguistic proficiency, fansubbing skills and demographics. Together with the literature review, the analyses have shown that the most serious accusation brought against fansubbers is copyright infringement (Hatcher, 2005), i.e. “pirating”, whereas the mildest is mistranslation. Although legal concerns are generally thought to stand out as the severest matter, it is interesting that almost no confrontation exists between fansubbers and copyright holders (Díaz-Cintas and Sánchez, 2006) but it does exist between colleagues and subtitling critics (viewers, columnists or scholars). Thus, it can be speculated that professional recognition is the primary concern of fansubbers although their undertaking is a non-profit voluntary work.

Titanium-indiffused lithium niobate directional coupler switch with AB-reversed electrode structure is designed, fabricated and characterised. The fabricated 2 x 2 directional coupler has crosstalk of4.8 dB at L3l pm transmitting wavelength.

Firms increasingly use choose collaborative arrangements to get access to the most recent and advanced technologies instead of trying to develop them in-home. Several emerging economies use such arrangements particularly in the defence industry as a vehicle for technology transfer to the local industry. The effectiveness of technology transfer, however, is affected by many factors. This paper analyzes international technology transfer as a challenge of inter-firm collaboration and a challenge of cross-boundary knowledge management, and highlights the role of boundary objects to mitigate problems of knowledge boundaries such transfers. Building on a comparative case study of two international technology transfer projects, the paper contributes to the understanding of how collaboration problems can affect the transfer of knowledge across knowledge boundaries and how the use of appropriate boundary objects may improve collaboration management and the knowledge transfer. Jel Code: L20, L29, O39

RESUMO: As normas de intervenção humanitária adquiriram notoriedade após acontecimentos históricos de atrocidades em massa contra civis. Nesta conjuntura surgiu, em 2001, o princípio da Responsabilidade de Proteger (R2P). Seu ponto de inflexão se deu por meio da Resolução nº1973 no ano de 2011 – emanada pelo Conselho de Segurança da ONU – que redundou na intervenção na Líbia. Em resposta aos excessos e falhas ocorridos durante a implementação da resolução, o Brasil, numa iniciativa como empreendedor normativo, propôs a Responsabilidade ao Proteger (RwP). Neste sentido, visa-se identificar como se insere esta proposta normativa da RwP no vasto panorama da evolução das normas de intervenção humanitária, isto é, no meio normativo internacional. Aborda-se a RwP como exemplo de uma tentativa normativa imersa no escopo internacional das regras sobre o uso da força, ressaltando-se o seu caráter propositivo, decorrente da falta de esforço do Brasil em consolidar o conceito no âmbito das Nações Unidas. Assim, a partir de uma análise do conteúdo dos discursos envolvidos no contexto de sua criação, e considerando o grande debate sobre normas novas ou modificadas pelos países da periferia mundial, constatou-se que a RwP foi uma iniciativa normativa contestativa aplicacional do Sul Global complementar à atuação humanitária. / ABSTRACT: The norms of humanitarian intervention have gained notoriety after historical events of mass atrocities against civilians. In this context, the principle of Responsibility to Protect (R2P) emerged in 2001. Its tipping point was given through Resolution No. 1973 in 2011 – issued by the UN Security Council – which resulted in the intervention in Libya. In response to the excesses and failures that occurred during the implementation of the resolution, Brazil, in an initiative as a normative entrepreneur, proposed Responsibility while Protecting (RwP). In this sense, the present work aims to identify how this RwP normative proposal fits into the vast panorama of the evolution of the norms of humanitarian intervention, that is, in the international political and normative environment. RwP is an example of a normative attempt immersed in the international scope of the rules on the use of force, emphasizing its propositional character. Hence, from an analysis of the content of the speeches involved in the context of its creation, and considering the great debate about new or modified standards by countries in the world periphery, it was found that RwP was a contestative normative initiative of the Global South, complementary to humanitarian action.

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as implicações econômicas da interoperabilidade entre a Força Aérea e o Exército Brasileiros por meio do seu braço aéreo, a Aviação do Exército.
A integração dos recursos do nível estratégico ao tático, alinhado ao conceito de interoperabilidade e da evolução do ambiente operacional, é essencial para a economia dos recursos, tema afeto à economia de defesa. O tema abordado é pouco explorado na literatura nacional e explora o conceito de interoperabilidade entre as Forças Singulares, conectando-o aos conceitos de economia de defesa pela ótica da aplicação de recursos