Creative studies

Problem Statement: Transferring technology from university labs to startups at techno-parks is expensive and takes time.Therefore,blended learning has been using to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of technology transfer.
Research Questions: in this study, how the blended learning can significantly affect the technology transfer from the university labs to the startups at the university technology parks is studied.
Purpose of Study: The purpose of this paper is to provide an alternative practice model called blended learning at the technology parks to enhance the effective and efficient technology transfer experiences. Hence,the design,methodology,and approach in technology transfer have changed by empowering the blended Iearning-online, mobile, and face to face learning.
Research Methods: in this study, 46 participants were randomly selected and randomly placed into a technology transfer group (n=23) and a control group (n=23). The data were collected through intensive interviews and analyzed by using Atlas.ti 7.The learning experiences and outcomes were articulated and compared through pre and post tests,including the control groups.
Findings: The results shovved blended learning had increased motivation of the participants.Most(89%)of the participants agreed they could not find time and money even though they needed the intensive know-how in terms of the technology transfer in their field that they could reach from the experts at the university .They learnt additional info to improve their products and services.
Conclusions: The experiences in blended learning could öpen new perspectives in empovvering the startups in technology transfer.The shareholders at the university labs and startups could not find enough time and even money to increase efficiency and effectiveness of the technology transfer.Hence,face to face learning on online and mobile can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the technology transfer. Key Words: Technology Transfers,Techno-parks, Higher Education,Blended Learning

Problem Statement: Today’s ever-changing educational environment has created a need for new leadership styles
that encourage positive change and improvement. In Turkish universities, the most commonly used leadership models are the classic and/or traditional ones, which lead to stagnation in innovation and entrepreneurship. Only a limited number of universities are actively engaged in innovative research activities and achieve success in terms of entrepreneurship and cooperative work with industry. Abroad effort is needed to improve cooperation and encourage leadership development.
Purpose of Study: This paper attempts to show and critically analyze the role of leadership models of university management in creating a learning environment for innovation and entrepreneurship.
Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 42 different faculty members and 12 graduate students over a period of three months at three different universities in
Istanbul. Interviews were centered on 6 core research questions. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to analyze the interview outcomes. The data were analyzed using the Atlas.ti 7 software kit.
Findings and Results: A large percent age of the participants,
78%, mentioned that participatory democracy is an important new leadership model that can empower innovation and entrepreneurship. Most respondents, 80%, also identified the important role of intensive collaboration with industry managers. In the transformation of the university, a significant percentage of the participants, 69%, agreed that
experts should be frequently consulted and their views taken into consideration. Slightly more than half of the participants, 54%, said that their university could do more to encourage innovation and innovative ideas from students and faculty members; out of the respondents who expressed this idea, the majority, 86 %, said that new leadership and
management styles would be critical in promoting this change.
Conclusions and Recommendations: As the current study shows, universities that apply new leadership styles create an
environment more conducive to fostering entrepreneurship and innovation. Consistent with previous research, the leadership model of university management plays a vital role
in universities’ readiness to accept innovative and entrepreneurial changes. Universities should adopt new leadership styles instead of using conservative and traditional leadership models that discourage innovation
and entrepreneurship. Generally speaking, democratic leadership models are more effective at fostering open innovation. In the new management framework, leaders can create new environments and spaces, such as technology transfer offices, to collaborate with industry.

The “Market of One” to which Nicholas Negroponte referred seemingly implies that customers can be reduced to a basic set of socioeconomic data and purchase indicators. What it signifies, however, is that the exchange of information between consumers and producers will continue to grow in complexity, with customers expecting – and successful businesses providing – goods and services that are increasingly customised and personalised to their own individual needs and preferences.

Throughout history, artists have probed beyond our rational, scientific and quantifiable view of our world to find much deeper connections that we can apply to our own industries and endeavors. Art is more than the bridge between the sciences and humanities: it is its own technology with the potential to evolve our consciousness. Artists are also the canaries in our futuristic coal mines. We need the thinking of contemporary artists to be incorporated into every facet of our forward thinking innovative enterprises.

In the technology-based economies, the industry based projects are critically important in order to improve the quality of production and services with the help of the best universities contemporary activities. Even though some best elite universities in the world, like Stanford University and MIT, can collaborate efficiently and effectively with the industry, most of the Engineering Departments in Turkey cannot collaborate with the industry as other best elite universities in the world.
Hence, in this study, the main drawbacks of the Engineering Departments were critically analyzed in order to improve the collaboration by increasing industry-based projects at the Engineering Departments. The participants (46) from four different Engineering Departments at two different universities participated in this study.In order to understand the hidden reasons, the data were collected from semi-structured interviews using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). The analysis had two themes, which were described here. The first theme provided a detailed perspective of the drawbacks of the industry-oriented projects at the engineering departments. The second theme examined how the industry-based projects would be increased.

Under the first theme, the data showed that most (85%) of the participants did not have any idea and deep knowledge about how they could conduct industry-based projects since they were far away from the realities of the industry. Additionally, all the participants were not aware about the needs of the industry, particularly those institutions, which were close to their university. Furthermore, a few (21%) participants who collaborated with the industry failed in their projects due to the fact that they could not be tangible for the contemporary needs of the industry. More importantly, their projects were not highly competitive for the global market. In addition to all these drawbacks, those projects, which were taken into account by the industry, had minor or no impact on industries productivity or competitiveness. Therefore, the industry did not want to spend money on R&D at the universities. Although the Engineering Departments had been supplying human capital by graduating many engineers, the participants agreed that they could not help strategically their graduates by conducting industry-oriented projects. More importantly, as the participants mentioned that a few graduates came back to the departments to ask help. Consequently, according to the participants (96%) the collaboration between the university and industry was not established and developed in Turkey as it was seen at the best universities in the world.

Under the second theme, however,the participant clearly addressed how they could improve the collaboration between the university and industry. All the participants agreed that there should be mutual collaboration by developing mutual benefits for both sides. In order to develop this collaboration, the participants pointed out the team leaders from each side since they could not find enough time to understand the real needs of the industry. They strongly suggested the field studies by sending the students of the departments to the real environments. Instead of laboratories at the universities, they preferred the laboratories of the companies in order to make their students observe the needs.
keywords: university industry collaboration, technology transfer, industry based projects.

Sur la base d’observations en ligne et d’entretiens avec des utilisatrices d’un site web dédié au tricot et au crochet, ce texte explore les renouvellements opérés récemment dans la structure informationnelle et matérielle de ces pratiques anciennes, aujourd’hui essentiellement considérées comme des loisirs. Il montre dans un premier temps comment la question de la matérialité émerge dans l’expérience sensible des tricoteuses. Dans un deuxième temps, il souligne le fait que l’information en ligne et ses formats – tout en représentant une sorte de dématérialisation – constituent une trame qui structure et contraint partiellement la pratique du tricot. Enfin, il insiste sur la manière dont les ressorts sociaux de l’engagement dans cette activité sont affectés par ces changements. L’expression créative, qui s’appuie sur cet espace partiellement contraint et qui est constitutive à la fois du jeu et du loisir, apparaît dans ce contexte comme une forme quotidienne et ordinaire de participation sociale.‪

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Drawing on online observation and on interviews with users of a website dedicated to knitting and crochet, this paper investigates changes occurring in the material and informational infrastructure of these ancient practices, which are nowadays mainly considered as leisure. First, it shows how materiality arises in the perceptible experience of the knitters. Second, it argues that online information – while representing a kind of dematerialization – actually constitutes a frame which structures and partially constrains knitting practices. Finally, it deals with the social mechanisms of knitters’ involvement in these activities. Creative expression, which is grounded on this partially bounded space and constitutes both play and leisure, appears as an ordinary form of social participation.

Problem Statement: In the universities, the leadership and entrepreneurship have gained importance to improve the activities and roles in the technology-based economies. Therefore, new continuing education programs have developed for the administration.
Reserch Questions: Ten research questions were des,gned for this quantitative study to analyze the effects of the new continuing education programs on leadership and entrepreneurship at individual, institutional, and higher education levels.
Purpose of Study: This study critically analyzed the effects of leadership and entrepreneurship programs for administrators in colleges and universities. In this study, the perceived value of the programs was questioned at the individual, institutional, and higher education levels.
Research Methods. An original value development survey was developed to understand how the leadership and entrepreneurship development programs were effective in developing values. The survey was given to the administrators. Then, the results were analyzed through SPSS.17 in order to see the effects on the continuing education programs on the development of the leadership and entrepreneurship.
Findings: The results showed that there were gender differences on the effectiveness of the courses. Although most of the participants want to make critical changes in leadership and entrepreneurship, the effects of courses were not enough to develop values on these subjects. Participants believed programs were more effective on leadership than on entrepreneurship at all levels, especially at the individual level.
Conclusions: This program should be considered as priority at the higher education programs; however, they should be redesigned by empowering the content and the activities, such as real case studies. These courses should be given in blended learning and in project-based learning.
Key Words: Leadership, Entrepreneurship, Higher Education, Blended Learning

This study aims to analyze how the role of the university and technology parks administrations have affected on the development of the Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) in changing environment of the Turkish universities. The participants were selected from two different university technology parks. By using phenomenological analysis, six research questions were answered in the semi-structured interviews. The collected data were analyzed in Atlas.ti in order to make depth study. As a result, the data show the globalization has inevitably affected higher education system all around the world in many ways. During this transformation process, academic people have been influenced to a greater degree. Academic profession, which is an umbrella term for working conditions for academics, has changed a lot. Most (89%) participants agree that performance indicators are used to assess and measure individuals, departments and universities against each other; therefore, IRP have gained importance. More importantly, the large number (94%) mentions that these business practices have caused insularity among academics. Additionally, a large number of the (91%) participants agree that the effects would be different on the elite universities comparing to the socially disadvantaged universities, particularly those in Anatolia. They (65%) explain that the future of higher education has been changing in terms of faculty organizations, particularly with new IRP policies. Most (95%) of the participants agree that university administration would develop a threat in order to increase the patent activities so that they have seen job security problems, especially for those faculty members who do not have financial opportunities or/and for those faculty members who come from social sciences. Most (88%) participants articulate that IRP would develop particular problems for public higher education since they do not have enough financial support. Therefore, IRP would change the culture of academic world. Some (41%) of the participants claim that competitiveness is important not only for the universities so that the university administration would change their performance criteria to prepare properly for the competitive global market. These (41%) participants strongly point out that employability is remarkably important for the universities. By improving intellectual property rights and entrepreneurial activities, universities can increase their funding. Hence, they take into account technology parks as the places to develop strategies for different activities to increase income. Furthermore, most (87%) participants mention that the financial autonomy would make the universities aggressive in the market due to the fact that the government is increasingly reducing the support for the higher education. Hence, the university management would try to increase their income by means of the IRP at the technology parks. Even though some (35%) participants point out that IRP would increase conflicts and inequalities, the rest (65%) agree that the role and style of university management like in Wisconsin Madison could manage the universities without conflicts and inequalities. As a result, as most (89%) participants clarify that the university administration play important and crucial role in controlling and managing the conflicts and inequalities through IPR to protect all the stakeholders, particularly those who do not have strong background, like the students.
keywords: higher education, technology parks, university administration and management, intellectual property rights,autonomy.

The demand of innovation has been developing and transforming the higher education in which new understanding in research should be accepted in order to deal with this highly challenging
demand. In other words, research does not guarantee innovation. Innovation demands that researchers at the universities use technology and innovation, including that of social innovation
while re-engineering most of the higher education systems.
In this study, how innovation based research is taken into account by the researchers is studied in order to analyze the re-engineering process of higher education systems in Turkey in which higher education reform has encouraged, but not well internalized. Hence, the main reasons of the drawback in the internalization by the researchers have studied in order to improve the innovation-based research at the universities. Furthermore, the strategy of delivering innovation-based research is another perspective of this study to understand critically the
implementation of innovation-based research in the successful cases. By using qualitative study, the executives (n=14) and the researchers’ (n=36) perceptions and experiences from two public and two private universities in Istanbul were analyzed strategically. The following qualitative techniques were used to determine the perceptions and experiences: document analysis, online survey, and interviews. The ethnographic study was conducted by observing the perceptions and the experiences of the executives and researchers in order to understand deeply what was the meaning of innovation-based research. After studying for eight weeks in four different universities, 12 different semi-structured research questions were asked in interviews during the sessions. Then, the collected data were analyzed in Atlas.ti 7 in order to make detailed analyses by coding the data for deductive reasoning. The results indicate that the innovation–based research is very new for the researcher, especially
for those in the state universities. In the private universities, both the executives and the researchers are much more prepared for this kind of innovation-based research. However, those
who have not studies abroad and do not have enough chance to experience the innovation-based research are not accepting or even they do not know how to conduct. More importantly, in the
universities where the internalization is much more internalized, the executives choose right people who have better knowledge and experiences. Nevertheless, in the less internalized ones,
the executives do not know and do not have enough experiences about innovation and innovation-based research. Hence, they choose people who are not aware about such a
complicated subject. They have left the responsibilities to the other executives and researchers who are not qualified and experienced. Moreover, this issue has become personal rather than institutional long-term strategy. However, in those universities in which innovation-based research has become strategically critical, the executives as well as the researcher cooperate intensively for multidimensional aspects of innovation-based research. In that way, the ability of the universities in the innovation-based research has increased and seen in the ranking lists of the universities. They strategically and mutually adapt the needs and the requirements of the executives and the researchers in order to conduct highly competitive innovative-based research
ecosystem.