Chemical Functionalization of Nanotubes/graphene.

A new strategy for hydrogen sulfide removal by amido-functionalized reduced graphene oxide as a novel metal-free and highly efficient nanoadsorbent Rahighi (2015) A new strategy for hydrogen sulfide removal by amido-functionalized reduced graphene oxide as a novel metal-free and highly efficient nanoadsorbent, Journal of Sulfur Chemistry, 36:6, 660-671,

The invention of carbon and its allotropes have transformed the electronic and optoelectronic industry due to their encouraging properties in a large spectrum of applications. The interesting characteristic of carbon is its ability to form many allotropes due to its valency. In recent decades, various allotropes and forms of carbon have been invented, including fullerenes, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphene (GR). Since the inception of nanotechnology, carbon allotropes-based nanocomposites have become a leading sector of research and advancement due to their unique bonding properties. Fullerenes and CNTs-based polymer nanocomposites have attracted significant research interest due to their vast applications in every sphere of science and technology. Current research impetus reveals that carbon and its allotropes have revolutionized the industry and academia due to their fascinated properties. Recent advances in various aspects of graphene, CNTs, graphene nanoribbons, fullerenes, carbon encapsulates, and their nanocomposites with polymeric materials and their different applications are reported in this review article. Also, current status and future prospects of graphene-based polymer nanocomposites are presented in common along with proper citations extracted from the scientific literature. Moreover, this article is a unique collection of vital information about GR, CNTs, fullerenes, and graphene-based polymer nanocomposites in a single platform.

Graphene has attracted the interest of chemists, physicists, and materials scientists due to its extraordinary structural, mechanical, and electronic properties. While pristine graphene is desirable for applications that require a high electrical conductivity, many other applications require modified or functionalized forms of graphene, such as graphene oxide, reduced graphene, or other functionalized forms. Structurally modifying graphene through chemical functionalization reveals the numerous possibilities for tuning its structure; several chemical and physical functionalization methods have been explored to improve the stabilization and modification of graphene. In this review, we report recent progress towards the chemical modification of graphene, including both covalent and noncovalent methods, for use in various applications

In order to see effects of interfacial (with and without different graphene (GP) + Ca1.9Pr0.1Co4Ox-doped PVA) layer on the electrical characteristics of conventional Au/n-Si (MS) contacts. Therefore, Au/(GP + Ca1.9Pr0.1Co4Ox-doped PVA)/n-Si (MPS) structures were fabricated with different rates of (%3 GP, %7 GP) PVA and were fabricated on same n-Si wafer. Au/n-Si (MS), Au/PVA/n-Si, Au/%3GP + Ca1.9Pr0.1Co4Ox-doped PVA/n-Si and Au/%7GP + Ca1.9Pr0.1Co4Ox-doped PVA/n-Si structures were fabricated and their main electrical characteristics compared each other by using current–voltage (I–V) methods. The forward and reverse bias current voltage (I–V) characteristics of with and without GP + Ca1.9Pr0.1Co4Ox-doped PVA/n-Si at room temperature were studied to investigate its main electrical parameters. The energy density distribution profile of the interface states (Nss) was obtained from the forward bias I–V data by taking into account voltage dependent ideality factor (n(v)) and effective barrier height (Φe) and they increase from at about mid-gap energy of Si to bottom of conductance band edge. In addition, voltage dependent profile of resistivity of the structure was obtained from I–V data for four different structures. The analysis of experimental results reveals that the existence of GP + Ca1.9Pr0.1Co4Ox-doped PVA interfacial layer improves the performance of MS structure. In order to determine the dominant current-transport mechanism (CTM) in the whole forward bias region of these structures, the double logarithmic forward bias I–V plots were also drawn. These plots exhibit two distinct linear region with different slopes which are corresponding to intermediate and high forward bias voltages. The slope of these plots show that in the region 1 (low biases) the dominant CTM is trap-charge-limited current (TCLC), whereas in the region 2 (high biases) is space-charge-limited current (SCLC) for four diodes.

Scope & Topics Nanoscience and Technology: An International Journal (NTIJ) is a peer-reviewed, open access journal, addresses the impacts and challenges of Nanoscience and Technology. The journal documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental contribution for the development of Nanoscience and Technology. This journal aims to bring together researchers and practitioners in all Nano aspects, including (but not limited to): Topics Of Intrested: ■ Micro / Nano Fabrication and Metrology ■ Micro / Nano Heat Transfer and Energy Information Technology, ■ Micro / Nano Sensors , Actuators and Systems Nanobionics ■ Micro / Nanofluidics and Bio Chips ■

The functionalization of multiwall carbon nanotubes synthesized by Chemical Vapor Deposition over an Fe-Co/alumina catalyst was carried out via the " grafting to " approach, using maleic anhydride-1-heptene copolymer and p-Phenylenediamine bridge. The obtained nanocomposite was characterized by Raman spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, SEM and TEM methods. FTIR confirmed the presence of the characteristic peaks of the anticipated zwitterion and amine-amide conversion. The completion of the grafting process was also confirmed by XRD and Raman spectr oscopy. Microstructure images of the nanocomposite obtained by TEM and SEM revealed that the nanotubes are uniformly covered with the polymer which shows the effectiveness of the method. The main advantage of this method is that, whole the process proceeds at room conditions. The long copolymer chains in the resulting material are able to screen and protect the nanotubes from entanglement during dispersion. Thus the resulting material can be an additive to construction materials for strengthening purposes. ÇOXDİVARLI KARBON NANOBORU-P-FENİLENDİAMİN-MALEİN ANHİDRİDİ-HEPTEN-1 NANOKOMPOZİTİNİN SİNTEZİ VƏ XARAKTERİZƏ OLUNMASI XÜLASƏ Fe-Co/aluminium katalizatoru üzərində Kimyəvi Buxar Çökdürmə metodu ilə sintez olunmuş çoxdivarlı karbon nanoboruların funksionallaşdırılması " grafting to " yanaşması vasitəsilə malein anhidridi-hepten-1 birgə polimeri və p-Fenilendiamin körpüsü istifadə edilməklə həyata keçirilmişdir. Alınmış nanokompozit Raman spektroskopiya, Rentgen diffraksiya, FTİQ, SEM və KEM metodları ilə xarakterizə olunmuşdur. FTİQ svitterion və amin-amid çev-rilməsinə uyğun gözlənilən xarakterik piklərin varlığını təsdiq etdi. Calaq olunma prosesinin sona çatması həmçi-nin Rentgen diffraksiya və Raman spektroskopiyası metodları ilə də təsdiq edilmişdir. Nanokompozitin KEM və SEM ilə alınmış mikrostruktur təsvirləri metodun effektivliyini göstəricisi olan nanoboruların səthinin polimerlə bərabər örtüldüyünü aşkara çıxardı. Metodun əsas faydalılığı ondan ibarətdir ki, bütün proses otaq şəraitində baş verir. Son məhsuldakı uzun sopolimer zəncirləri dispersləşmə zamanı nanoboruları ekranlaşdıraraq bir-birinə do-laşmadan qorumağa qadirdir. Beləliklə, son məhsul möhkəmləndirmə məqsədilə konstruksiya materiallarına əlavə kimi istifadə edilə bilər. Açar sözlər: karbon nanoborular, polimer nanokompozitlər, funksionallaşdırma, elektron mikroskopiyası, p-Fenilendiamin. CИНТЕЗ И СТРУКТУРНЫЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ НАНОКОМПОЗИТА НА ОСНОВЕ МНОГОСЛОЙНЫХ УГЛЕРОДНЫХ НАНОТРУБОК И-П-ФЕНИЛЕНДИАМИН-МАЛЕИНОВЫЙ АНГИДРИД-ГЕПТЕН-1 РЕЗЮМЕ Функционализация многослойных углеродных нанотрубок, синтезированных методом химического осаждения из пара на Fe-Co/алюминиевом катализаторе была осуществлена с использованием «моста» п-фенилендиамина методом прививки " grafting to " к сополимеру малеиновый ангидрид-гептен-1. Получен-Synthesis and characterization of multiwall carbon nanotube-p-phenylenediamine-maleic anhydride-1-heptene nanocomposite 113 ные нанокомпозиты были характеризованы методами рамановской спектроскопии, рентгеновской дифрак-ции, ИК, СЭМ и ПЭМ методами. Метод ИК-спектроскопии подтвердил наличие характерных пиков соот-ветствующих ожидаемому цвиттерионному и амин-амидному преобразованию. Завершение процесса при-вивки было также подтверждено рентгеновской дифракцией и рамановской спектроскопией. Mикрострук-турные изображения нанокомпозита, полученные с помощью ТЭМ и СЭМ показали, что нанотрубки рав-номерно покрыты полимером, а это указывает на эффективность этого способа. Основным преимуществом этого метода является то, что весь процесс протекает при комнатных условиях. Длинные цепочки сополи-мера в полученном материале могут экранировать и защищать нанотрубки от переплетения во время дис-персии. Таким образом, полученный продукт может использоваться как добавка для укрепления строи-тельных материалов. Ключевые слова: углеродные нанотрубки, полимерные нанокомпозиты, функционализация, электрон-ная микроскопия, п-фенилендиамин.

Career Objective: To devotedly engage myself in result oriented research and development towards meeting newer challenges in MWCNTs, their composites, gas sensing and interconnected applications. I am exploring structural properties of graphene for the application of hydrogen gas sensor. This sensor can detect hydrogen upto ppb level at room temperature with good sensitivity. Also, we have attached palladium metal on graphene to improve the selectivity as well sensitivity of the sensor. Morphological study has been performed using SEM analysis. In this work, I did covalent functionalization of MWCNTs and synthesized its binary and ternary nanostructures via chemical and physical routes. The structural features have been analyzed using X-ray diffraction, Raman and FTIR spectroscopy, morphological study being done using scanning and transmission electron micrography and electrical measurements being made using two probe method. Also, I have fabricated interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) and

The present work was an attempt to investigate the potentialities of
multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) as a carrier for targeting 6
Mercaptopurine to cancer tissues. MWCNTs were carboxy
functionalized and then loaded with 6 Mercaptopurine (6MP) using
the Incipient Wetness impregnation method to produce 6MP loaded
CNTs. The conjugate was characterized for drug loading efficiency,
in vitro drug release and release kinetics. The result indicated that a
maximum of about 65% entrapment was achieved. The loaded
nanotubes were shown to release the drug for more than 20 hours and
thus controlling the release. The release was found to follow the Zero
Order and Hixson Crowell release pattern. Our work established a
novel, easy to prepare formulation of MWCNTs with better drug
loading efficiency and increased dispersibility of CNTs and thus
improved bioavailability at cancer site with reduced systemic
toxicity.

Cyclopentadienes (CPs) with Raman and electrochemically active tags were patterned covalently onto graphene surfaces using force-accelerated Diels− Alder (DA) reactions that were induced by an array of elastomeric tips mounted onto the piezoelectric actuators
of an atomic force microscope. These force-accelerated cycloadditions are a feasible route to locally alter the chemical composition of graphene defects and edge sites under ambient atmosphere and temperature over large areas (∼1 cm2).

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) can be labelled with functional moieties that endow them with a number of unique characteristics, which can be applicable to biomedical applications such as imaging. Herein we describe a facile, one-step esterification process to functionalize SWNT with fluorescein.

Dear Colleagues,

In collaboration with the journal Frontiers in Chemistry, section Catalysis and Photocatalysis we are organizing an article collection on "Graphene-Based Nanocomposites for Photocatalysis" (Guest Editors: Mohammad Mansoob Khan, Moo Hwan Cho, Kulamani Parida).

The aim of this project is to bring together international experts to provide a comprehensive view of this topic. Would you like to participate as a contributing author?

The full description of this project can be found here: http://www.frontiersin.org/Catalysis_and_Photocatalysis/researchtopics/Graphene_Based_Nanocomposites_for_Photocatalysis/7676

The submission deadline is Aug 31, 2018.

Manuscripts will be peer-reviewed and, if accepted for publication, will be free to access for all readers, and indexed in relevant repositories.

I look forward to your reply.

With best regards,

---
Mohammad Mansoob Khan, PhD
Guest Associate Editor, Catalysis and Photocatalysis

Chemical functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) producing different oxygen-containing functionalities is very useful to enhance their dispersion in various solvents and ease further derivatization for several applications. Covalent aattachment of carboxyl, carbonyl and hydroxyl groups on the surface of MWNTs can be achieved by various chemical treatments. The COOH-functionalized MWNTs have been extensively used in many applications. We present here the surface modification of MWNTs by different chemical routes to produce selectively the MWNT-COOH and MWNT-OH, and discuss the effect of functionality on further derivatization via amination.

We present the first example of covalent chemistry on fluorographene, enabling the attachment of –SH groups through nucleophilic substitution of fluorine in a polar solvent. The resulting thiographene-like, 2D derivative is hydrophilic with semiconducting properties and bandgap between 1 and 2 eV depending on F/SH ratio. Thiofluorographene is applied in DNA biosensing by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.

The covalent chemical functionalization of exfoliated hexagonal boron−nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) is achieved by the solution-phase oxygen radical functionalization of boron atoms in the h-BN lattice. This involves a two-step procedure to initially covalently graft alkoxy groups to boron atoms and the subsequent hydrolytic defunctionalization of the groups to yield hydroxyl-functionalized BNNSs (OH-BNNSs). Characterization of the functionalized-BNNSs using HR-TEM, Raman, UV−vis, FTIR, NMR, and TGA was performed to investigate both the structure of the BNNSs and the covalent functionalization methodology. OH-BNNSs were used to prepare polymer nanocomposites and their mechanical properties analyzed. The influence of the functional groups grafted to the surface of the BNNSs is investigated by demonstrating the impact on mechanical properties of both noncovalent and covalent bonding at the interface between the nanofiller and polymer matrixes.

Uncatalyzed functionalization of thermally reduced graphene (TRG) with 3-aminopropyltriethoxy silane (APTS) is reported and the effect of the solvent on selective functionalization is discussed. The chemical, morphological and thermal properties of the functionalized TRG (f-TRG) have been studied using FTIR,
XPS, EELS, Raman spectroscopy, TEM, and TGA. Our results indicate that the use of organic solvent during the silylation reaction not only increases grafting yield from 7 to 8 atomic% of Si attachment but also directs APTS groups to the edges of TRG as revealed using energy filtered TEM elemental mapping.
A reaction mechanism based on attachment of the silane groups on the TRG surface through residual, surface bound phenolic and carbonyl groups is proposed and discussed. The present approach provides an economical route for mass production of APTS-f-TRG and sheds light on the role of organic solvents in silane functionalization of graphene.

Nanoscience and Technology: An International Journal (NTIJ) is a peer-reviewed, open access journal, addresses the impacts and challenges of Nanoscience and Technology. The journal documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental contribution for the development of Nanoscience and Technology.

Hydrogen sulfide is adsorbed on amido-functionalized reduced graphene oxide (AFRGO) as a nano adsorbent. Using n-propylamine and allylamine, reduced graphene oxide (RGO) was amidated for the adsorption of hydrogen sulfide. The materials were characterized by adsorption of H 2 S, potentiometric titration, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis.

In this paper, we reinforced the antifungal activity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) using an effective technique. Covalent functionalization of MWCNTs was performed by lysine and arginine under microwave radiation. To prove functionalization phenomenon, the grafted chemical groups on the surfaces of MWCNTs were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy. Antifungal activities of functionalized MWCNTs as well as pristine MWCNTs were tested against different fungal species based on minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and radial diffusion assay.
MIC results showed that the antifungal activity of MWCNTs-lysine, in comparison to pristine MWCNTs against fungi, including Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Candidate albicans, Penicillium chrysogenum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Fusarium culmorum, Microsporum canis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum and Penicillium lilacinum were increased 1.92, 2.36, 2.35, 1.3, 1.5, 1.1, 2.54, 1.23, 1.42 and 2.1 times, respectively. Similarly, the antifungal activity of MWCNTs-arginine was increased 1.98, 2.40, 2.55, 1.8, 1.9, 1.7, 2.64, 1.36, 2.1 and 2.55 times, respectively. On the basis of the results of this study, it is clearly indicated that covalent groups of lysine and arginine could improve the antifungal activity of MWCNTs.

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were applied in this study to demonstrate that multi-walled carbon nanotubes synthesized from ethanol flames (F-MWCNTs) inherently have functional groups on their surfaces. This finding clearly indicates that the covalent functionalization of carbon nanotubes can be achieved without oxidation as pretreatment. Thus, n-hexadecylamine functionalized F-MWCNTs (H-MWCNTs) can be synthesized simply, without disrupting the primary structures of the nanotubes. The melt-compounding method was used to fabricate polyamide 6/MWCNTs composites. Scanning electron microscope results confirmed that both F-MWCNTs and H-MWCNTs have much better nanoscopic dispersion in PA6 matrix than commercial MWCNTs, and the tensile strength, Young’s modulus, dynamic mechanical properties, and thermal behavior of their PA6 composites are considerably improved.