Case Histories

It has become increasingly clear that courts across the globe must do more to better organize and manage their caseload and that automation alone is not the answer. In response to this need, case flow management has emerged to become the central method of promoting greater court responsibility and accountability for efficient case processing. For over thirty years court case management concepts have evolved, starting in the United States (U.S.), spreading to other industrialized common law countries initially. Yet, for many judicial systems, the concept, techniques, and supporting systems of case flow management are still relatively new ideas that need to be more fully understood. This paper helps develop a basic understanding of case flow management by defining the concept, outlining the various techniques used, presenting in general the different case management information systems that support those techniques, and outlining the core steps a judicial system can take to plan for, ...

An Hand dieser oft als 'Fallgeschichte' charakterisierten Erzählung (1898) werden Übereinstimmungen und Unterschiede zwischen psycho(patho)logischen und literarischen Texten diskutiert. Es fällt auf, dass Thomas Mann besonders die Genese des Sadomasochismus aus dem Mitleid darstellen will und um ein einfühlendes Verständnis des "schändllichen" Verhaltens von Mindernickel, dessen Initialen übrigens mit denen Thomas Manns übereinstimmen, bemüht ist. Seine Interessen sind also in beträchtlichem Maße identisch mit denen eines psychologischen Forschers. Andererseits dokumentiert diese Geschichte Manns intensive Auseinandersetzung mit Nietzsches Mitleidtheorie. Sie steht also eher in einer geistesgeschichtlich-literarischen als in einer medizinisch-wissenschaftlichen Tradition.
Am Beispiel dieser kurzen Geschichte lassen sich Möglichkeiten und Grenzen einer literaturpsychologischen Interdisziplinarität kurz skizzieren. Moderne Literatur handelt weitgehend von denselben Themen und Gegenständen, mit denen Psychologen und Psychiater sich beschäftigen, sie repräsentiert diese aber auf eine völlig andere Art und Weise, nämlich in fiktionalen, von vornherein auf ästhetische Rezeption angelegten Szenen. Die Grenzen einer Anwendung psychologischen oder psychiatrischen Wissens auf die Literaturinterpretation sind in dem Umstand gegeben, dass die Szenen der literarischen Fiktion in erster Linie für Leser modifizierte Phantasiegebilde sind.

This paper deals with some fundamental considerations regarding the behaviour of geotechnical structures under seismic loading. First a complete definition of the earthquake disaster risk is provided, followed by the importance of performing site-specific hazard analysis. Then some suggestions are provided in regard to adequate assessment of soil parameters, a crucial point to properly analyze the seismic behaviour of geotechnical structures. The core of the paper is centered on a critical review of the analysis methods available for studying geotechnical structures under seismic loadings. All of the available methods can be classified into three main classes, including the pseudo-static, pseudo-dynamic and dynamic approaches, each of which is reviewed for applicability. A more advanced analysis procedure, suitable for a so-called performance-based design approach, is also described in the paper. Finally, the seismic behaviour of the El Infiernillo Dam was investigated. It was shown that coupled elastoplastic dynamic analyses disclose some of the important features of dam behaviour under seismic loading, confirmed by comparing analytical computation and experimental measurements on the dam body during and after a past earthquake.

N ine hundred case histories of malfunctioning towers reported over the last 50 years were surveyed and analyzed. Our analysis shows rapid growth in the number of malfunctions with no signs of decline. Plugging, especially of tray active areas, packing and distributors, tops the malfunctions list. Coking (re nery towers only), scale and corrosion, and precipitation were the most common causes. The tower base comes second, where liquid level rising above the reboiler inlet caused premature ood and even internals damage. Attention to level measurement and kettle reboiler pressure balance are key preventive measures. Next follow tower internals damage, abnormal operation incidents (startup, shutdown, commissioning), assembly mishaps, packing liquid distributors, intermediate draws, misleading measurements, reboilers, and explosions. Tray design and tower simulation, two topics that receive much attention in the literature, are not high up on the malfunction list. The survey teaches numerous lessons on each of the malfunctions which are invaluable for achieving trouble-free design and operation of distillation towers.

Little is known about the background of commercial sex workers in Africa. This study investigated how women in a trading town on the trans-Africa highway in southwest Uganda become involved in commercial sex work, which factors contribute to their economic success or lack of success, and what effect life trajectories and economic success have on negotiating power and risk behaviour. Over the course of two years detailed life histories of 34 women were collected through recording open, in-depth interviews, the collection of sexual and income and expenditure diaries, visits to the women's native villages, and participant observation. The women share similar disadvantaged backgrounds and this has played a role in their move into commercial sex. They have divergent experiences, however, in their utilisation of opportunities and in the level of success they achieve. They have developed different life styles and a variety of ways of dealing with sexual relationships. Three groups of women were identified: (1) women who work in the back-street bars, have no capital of their own and are almost entirely dependent on selling sex for their livelihood; (2) waitresses in the bars along the main road who engage in a more institutionalised kind of commercial sex, often mediated by middlemen and (3) the more successful entrepreneurs who earn money from their own bars as well as from commercial sex. The three groups had different risk profiles. Due partly to their financial independence from men, women in the latter group have taken control of sexual relationships and can negotiate good sexual deals for themselves, both financially and in terms of safe sex. The poorer women were more vulnerable and less able to negotiate safer sex. A disadvantaged background and restricted access to economic resources are the major reasons for women gravitating to commercial sex work. Various aspects of personality play a role in utilising income from commercial sex to set up an economic basis that then makes the selling of sex unnecessary. This has implications for interventions, and part of the longer-term solution should lie in improving the economic position of women vis-" a a-vis men. #

The two papers describe trends of the apparent system periods, , and damping factors, , in recorded response of 56T 0 buildings (A1 to A45, and B1 to B14 in of part II) to 15 California earthquakes. The building, foundation, and soil are viewed as an equivalent linear system, excited by horizontal ground motion. Only inertial interaction is considered as ''the more important effect for foundations without large, rigid base slabs or deep embedment'' (by allowing one translation and rocking of the foundation). The kinematic interaction (modification of the free-field motion by the foundation in absence of inertial forces) is neglected as ''second order.'' Rocking and torsional excitation components of the incident motion, differential motions of extended foundations, warping of flexible foundations, and nonlinear soil response due to soilstructure interaction (SSI) are not mentioned. The papers aim to verify the ''simplified analytical procedures similar to those in the BSSC and ATC codes.'' This discussion (1) requests some clarifications; (2) suggests that time-dependent changes in (caused by nonlinear response of soil during SSI) should T have been included in the analysis; and (3) comments on the conditions when kinematic SSI should not be neglected.

The purpose of this paper is to advance the knowledge on peat soil stabilization by critically examining and documenting the current state of practice. Deep Mixing method is emphasised on column type techniques using lime/cement. This paper is essentially a comprehensive review of available academic literature on deep soil stabilization utilizing this approach. Deep mixing with lime or lime-cement column and combined soil stabilization with vertical columns (CSV) methods are discussed and to illustrate applications of these methods in a variety of conditions, several case histories are presented. © 2008 ejge.

ejge.com/2008/Ppr0860/Ppr0860.pdf

Objective: To examine the social costs to women of skilled attendance at birth in rural Ghana. Method: Ethnographic data were obtained through participant observation, interviews, case histories, and focus groups and were analyzed alongside data from a birth cohort of 2878 singletons born in the Kintampo study district between July 2003 and June 2004. Results: Most women delivered at home. Home delivery raises a woman's status in her community, while seeking skilled attendance lowers it. Women feel that seeking assistance in childbirth wastes other people's time and they value secrecy in labor. Negative treatment by health providers and expensive supplies needed for delivery also act as barriers. Conclusion: The social costs of obtaining skilled attendance at birth must be offset by community level strategies such as mobilization of older women and husbands, and ensuring health providers extend professional, humane care to laboring women.

Background: Although the possibility of ectopic pregnancy after intake of levonorgestrel (LNG) as an emergency contraceptive (EE) pill is well-known, the causality has not been well established. Case: A 27-year-old nulliparous woman with regular menstrual periods took 1.5-mg LNG EE midcyclic 5 h after an unprotected intercourse. She had prolonged vaginal bleeding at the expected time. She consulted the general practitioner because of continuous vaginal bleeding for 4 weeks and lower abdominal pain. The pregnancy test was positive, and her symptoms and clinical findings suggested an ectopic pregnancy. At emergency surgery, she was found to have a left tubal pregnancy. Conclusion: The possible role of 1.5-mg LNG EE in causing ectopic pregnancy is discussed. A high serum LNG concentration decreases ciliary activity and tube motility, but further epidemiological studies are necessary to establish the risk of ectopic pregnancy following intake of LNG EE.

Rain-induced slope instability is a significant natural hazard in Switzerland, Slovenia and elsewhere in Europe. This contribution was prepared especially for the 12 th Šuklje Symposium, and recognises that landslides occur both in mountain regions as well as in lowland regions during and following extreme-rainfall conditions. The Institute (and Professorship) for Geotechnical Engineering at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich) has been engaged over several years in projects concerned with the characterisation, monitoring and modelling behaviour of slopes in mainly granular porous media across the full range of altitudes in Switzerland. A link is made to the doyen of the Šuklje day and then three case histories are presented and discussed to demonstrate the principal reactions to seasonal rainfall. A small slip was released in two of these cases and the "triggering" factors have been investigated and are discussed in this contribution. It transpires that the mode of inslope drainage influences the way in which the ground saturates and hence the volume of the potentially unstable ground. Simple stability analyses using limit equilibrium and soil parameters that have been amended to account for unsaturated soil behaviour were found to function well for slopes in largely granular media.

We report an asymptomatic 23-year-old female patient who was diagnosed to have a transmigrated intrauterine device (IUD) during a routine gynecological examination. After the IUD had been located within the colonic wall by further investigation, the IUD was successfully extracted via transanal route by colonoscopic intervention.

Bridge load rating is traditionally done based on the load-carrying capacity of the superstructure components. Only in some rare instances does the bridge load rating consider the load-carrying capacity of the substructure. However, the authors believe that for bridges over waterways, which are susceptible to scour, the load-carrying capacity of the substructure must be evaluated to assess the need for reduced load rating and posting limits. The results in this paper attempt to address the importance of assessing the substructure load rating. Case histories for bridges susceptible to scour are analyzed. The analysis and evaluation of the actual bridges presented demonstrate that the bridge load rating is limited by the substructure load-carrying capacity and the tolerable deformation. The examples clearly illustrate that reduced load rating is experienced when scour occurs. Thus, bridges impacted by scour need to be judged based on both the super- and substructure components. The findings suggest the need to augment the current bridge load rating procedures to include the substructure load rating in a quantitative manner.

Objective: To examine the social costs to women of skilled attendance at birth in rural Ghana. Method: Ethnographic data were obtained through participant observation, interviews, case histories, and focus groups and were analyzed alongside data from a birth cohort of 2878 singletons born in the Kintampo study district between July 2003 and June 2004. Results: Most women delivered at home. Home delivery raises a woman's status in her community, while seeking skilled attendance lowers it. Women feel that seeking assistance in childbirth wastes other people's time and they value secrecy in labor. Negative treatment by health providers and expensive supplies needed for delivery also act as barriers. Conclusion: The social costs of obtaining skilled attendance at birth must be offset by community level strategies such as mobilization of older women and husbands, and ensuring health providers extend professional, humane care to laboring women.

While some seventeenth-century scholars promoted natural history as the basis of natural philosophy, they continued to debate how it should be written, about what and by whom. This look into the studios of two Amsterdam physicians, Jan Swammerdam (1637–80) and Steven Blankaart (1650–1705), explores natural history as a project in the making during the second half of the seventeenth century. Swammerdam and Blankaart approached natural history very differently, with different objectives, and relying on different traditions of handling specimens and organizing knowledge on paper, especially with regard to the way that individual observations might be generalized. These traditions varied from collating individual dissections into histories, writing both general and particular histories of plants and animals, collecting medical observations and applying inductive reasoning. Swammerdam identified the essential changes that insects underwent during their life cycle, described four orders b...

Bridges with unknown foundations have been a burden on the transportation agencies across the United States because of the lack of funding and availability of rational methods to determine the risk of failure of these bridges from scour. The embedment of unknown foundation bridges is a key to proceed further with any risk-based management approach and/or the widely used Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) guidelines on the methods of evaluation of unknown foundations. The need for a practical, cost-effective, and rational approach to positive discovery of bridge foundations and to reclassify bridges with unknown foundations is greater than ever. This technical note presents an assessment of the predictive capability of various methods currently in use to determine the embedment of unknown foundation bridges. The methods discussed in this paper include sonic echo method (or pile integrity tester) as non-destructive testing (NDT), inference (IM) and/or back calculation (BC) [i.e., reverse engineering (RE)], and static/back calculation (S/B-C). The well-documented case histories presented in the paper illustrate the usefulness of using the S/B-C method in determining the embedment of unknown foundations. The S/B-C also can be used to assess/validate NDT results and embedment estimates made by IM and/or BC (RE) approaches. For high priority unknown foundation bridges, the S/B-C reasonable minimum embedment and the embedment required for stability considering the scour can be used to plan and efficiently implement any future NDT for these bridges. It can significantly reduce the cost of treating unknown foundation bridges by optimizing the use of NDT, if warranted. The three case histories presented in the paper also suggest that, in general, the sonic echo (i.e., pile integrity tester)/NDT tends to be conservative whereas the IM and/or BC (RE) methods tend to be unconservative. This would lead to high cost or high risk, respectively, if such estimates are used to assess the stability of unknown foundation bridges impacted by scour.

Rain-induced slope instability is a significant natural hazard in Switzerland, Slovenia and elsewhere in Europe. This contribution was prepared especially for the 12 th Šuklje Symposium, and recognises that landslides occur both in mountain regions as well as in lowland regions during and following extreme-rainfall conditions. The Institute (and Professorship) for Geotechnical Engineering at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich) has been engaged over several years in projects concerned with the characterisation, monitoring and modelling behaviour of slopes in mainly granular porous media across the full range of altitudes in Switzerland. A link is made to the doyen of the Šuklje day and then three case histories are presented and discussed to demonstrate the principal reactions to seasonal rainfall. A small slip was released in two of these cases and the "triggering" factors have been investigated and are discussed in this contribution. It transpires that the mode of inslope drainage influences the way in which the ground saturates and hence the volume of the potentially unstable ground. Simple stability analyses using limit equilibrium and soil parameters that have been amended to account for unsaturated soil behaviour were found to function well for slopes in largely granular media.

The present study explores the relation between madness and ingenio (wit), as represented in the Examen de ingenios para las cienciasi (1575/1594), written by the physician Juan Huarte de San Juan. A close reading of two cases related by the physician as clinical examples for his theory about the biological roots of knowledge (and madness), shows the polyphony of the text by revealing in it the tension between a medical discourse, focused on the individual body, and a perspective emphasizing the social context with which the individual interacts. The Examen’s polyphony is also shown to be reflected in the response of Jerónimo de Mondragón and Francisco de Villarino, of two of Huarte’s contemporary readers.

Objective: To examine the social costs to women of skilled attendance at birth in rural Ghana. Method: Ethnographic data were obtained through participant observation, interviews, case histories, and focus groups and were analyzed alongside data from a birth cohort of 2878 singletons born in the Kintampo study district between July 2003 and June 2004. Results: Most women delivered at home. Home delivery raises a woman's status in her community, while seeking skilled attendance lowers it. Women feel that seeking assistance in childbirth wastes other people's time and they value secrecy in labor. Negative treatment by health providers and expensive supplies needed for delivery also act as barriers. Conclusion: The social costs of obtaining skilled attendance at birth must be offset by community level strategies such as mobilization of older women and husbands, and ensuring health providers extend professional, humane care to laboring women.

Background: Although the possibility of ectopic pregnancy after intake of levonorgestrel (LNG) as an emergency contraceptive (EE) pill is well-known, the causality has not been well established. Case: A 27-year-old nulliparous woman with regular menstrual periods took 1.5-mg LNG EE midcyclic 5 h after an unprotected intercourse. She had prolonged vaginal bleeding at the expected time. She consulted the general practitioner because of continuous vaginal bleeding for 4 weeks and lower abdominal pain. The pregnancy test was positive, and her symptoms and clinical findings suggested an ectopic pregnancy. At emergency surgery, she was found to have a left tubal pregnancy. Conclusion: The possible role of 1.5-mg LNG EE in causing ectopic pregnancy is discussed. A high serum LNG concentration decreases ciliary activity and tube motility, but further epidemiological studies are necessary to establish the risk of ectopic pregnancy following intake of LNG EE.

While some seventeenth-century scholars promoted natural history as the basis of natural philosophy, they continued to debate how it should be written, about what and by whom. This look into the studios of two Amsterdam physicians, Jan Swammerdam (1637–80) and Steven Blankaart (1650–1705), explores natural history as a project in the making during the second half of the seventeenth century. Swammerdam and Blankaart approached natural history very differently, with different objectives, and relying on different traditions of handling specimens and organizing knowledge on paper, especially with regard to the way that individual observations might be generalized. These traditions varied from collating individual dissections into histories, writing both general and particular histories of plants and animals, collecting medical observations and applying inductive reasoning. Swammerdam identified the essential changes that insects underwent during their life cycle, described four orders based on these ‘general characteristics’ and presented his findings in specific histories that exemplified the ‘general rule’ of each order. Blankaart looked to the collective observations of amateurs to support his reputation as a man of medicine, but this was not supposed to lead to any kind of generalization. Their work alerts us to the variety of observational practices that were available to them, and with what purposes they made these their own.

Adolescent familial endometriosis may cause severe and persistent symptoms that are disruptive to lifestyle. Treatment may be difficult in many cases. We describe the novel and successful first use of a simultaneous combination of a levonorgestrel intrauterine system and an etonogestrel subdermal implant in a teenager with severe pain symptoms as a result of laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis, which was refractory to other treatments.

Information systems development,failures are prevalent in many domains and countries. The aim of this paper is to explore some of the issues related to the study of such phenomena. Failure situations are not set-up in advance asthe subject of studies. Analysing causes and relationship retrospectively depends on the ability to obtain rich and subjective contextual information that can be

Information systems development,failures are prevalent in many domains and countries. The aim of this paper is to explore some of the issues related to the study of such phenomena. Failure situations are not set-up in advance asthe subject of studies. Analysing causes and relationship retrospectively depends on the ability to obtain rich and subjective contextual information that can be

The intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) has been plagued by many complications, including uterine perforation, septic abortion, pelvic abscess, ectopic pregnancy, and migration into adjacent organs.[1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6] Uterine perforation is one of the least common, but most ...

The paper describes the cases of 3 female health operators with implanted copper IUDs, developing menometrorrhagia some months after an increase of the working time in a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Unit (1.5 T), that progressively disappeared when the previous organization, involving discontinuous work shifts at MRI, was re-established. No known factors possibly related to menometrorrhagia were evidenced in the 3 operators, supporting the hypothesis of a role of the exposure to the electromagnetic fields (EMF) induced by the MRI system in symptoms induction. The possible mechanism remains unsettled, but menometrorrhagia might be triggered by a phlogistic stimulus caused by EMF, possibly the low-frequency currents induced in the wires of the IUD during the movements of the operator inside the static magnetic field generated by the MRI permanent magnet. Until now, the problem of possible interactions between copper IUDs and EMF induced by MRI has been considered in patients under...

The oldest known bona fide succession of clastic metasediments occurs in the Isua Greenstone Belt, SW Greenland and consists of a variety of mica schists and rare metaconglomerates. The metasediments are in direct contact with a felsic metavolcanic lithology that has previously been dated to 3.71 Ga. Based on trace element geochemical data for > 30 metasediments, we selected the six samples with highest Zr concentrations for zircon extraction. These samples all yielded very few or no zircon. Those extracted from mica schists yielded ion probe U/Pb ages between 3.70 and 3.71 Ga. One metaconglomerate sample yielded just a single zircon of 3.74 Ga age.The mica schist hosted zircons have U/Pb ages, Th / U ratios, REE patterns and Eu anomalies indistinguishable from zircon in the adjacent 3.71 Ga felsic metavolcanic unit. Trace element modelling requires the bulk of material in the metasediments to be derived from variably weathered mafic lithologies but some metasediments contain substantial contribution from more evolved source lithologies. The paucity of zircon in the mica schists is thus explained by incorporation of material from largely zircon-free volcanic lithologies. The absence of older zircon in the mica schists and the preponderance of mafic source material imply intense, mainly basaltic resurfacing of the early Earth. The implications of this process are discussed.Thermal considerations suggest that horizontal growth of Hadean crust by addition of mafic–ultramafic lavas must have triggered self-reorganisation of the protocrust by remelting. Reworking of Hadean crust may have been aided by burial of hydrated (weathered) metabasalt due to semi-continuous addition of new voluminous basalt outpourings. This process causes a bias towards eruption of Zr-saturated partial melts at the surface with O-isotope compositions potentially different from the mantle. The oldest zircons hosted in sediments would have been buried to substantial depth or formed in plutons that crystallised at some depth, from which it took hundreds of millions of years for them to be exhumed and incorporated into much younger sediments.

Candida parapsilosis is an increasingly important bloodstream pathogen in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). We investigated a cluster of bloodstream infections in a NICU to determine whether nosocomial transmission occurred. During a 3-day period, 3 premature infants hospitalized in the same unit presented with sepsis caused by C. parapsilosis. Electrophoretic karyotype of the organisms was performed by using pulsed field gel electrophoresis in a countour-clamped homogeneous electric field system. The isolate from 1 newborn could not be typed, and the isolates from the remaining 2 infants had identical patterns. All 3 cases are described. We conclude that nosocomial transmission of C. parapsilosis occurred and that neonates under intensive care may represent a risk group for this pathogen.

Information systems development failures are prevalent in many domains and countries. The aim of this paper is to explore some of the issues related to the study of such phenomena. Failure situations are not set-up in advance as the subject of studies. Analysing causes and relationship retrospectively depends on the ability to obtain rich and subjective contextual information that can be shed a light on the circumstances that precipitate failures. The paper makes the case for the use of case history and ante-narrative methods for understanding such scenarios.

We see, know and experience information systems development failures in many domains and in many countries. This paper will explore some of the issues related to the study of these failures. Every year, billions of dollars are wasted on failed projects in developed countries. Developing countries can learn from these grim experiences so as not to waste precious resources in repeating similar failures. The paper will emphasise the fact that the study of failures can only take place post-hoc, once a failure has been identified. Preparation is therefore different to normal scientific study where a situation is pre-selected in advance, the precise parameters are identified and decisions are made about the best methods for measuring them accurately and objectively. The literature reveals that researchers and practitioners have been experiencing projects failures for many years. Indeed, acknowledgements of failures go back at least thirty-five years. However, failures are still a prevalen...

In developing countries most of the fistulas occur as a catastrophic complication of obstructed labor in young women. Constant dribbling, wetness, and stink lead to social outcasting of patients of vesico-vaginal fistula (VVF) making their life miserable. In most of the cases, timely surgery taking all required precautions is successful. In small number of cases, fistula is irreparable. Under such circumstances urinary diversion helps. Very few cases are reported in literature, where patients have endured fistula for more than 40 years. A case report of a patient of VVF, who suffered for 45 years without seeking any treatment because of prevailing circumstances is presented here. The fistula was irreparable. Urinary diversion was the only option available. She was successfully managed by urinary diversion with an ileal conduit. Now patient is leading a contented life.

The purpose of this paper is to advance the knowledge on peat soil stabilization by critically examining and documenting the current state of practice. Deep Mixing method is emphasised on column type techniques using lime/cement. This paper is essentially a comprehensive review of available academic literature on deep soil stabilization utilizing this approach. Deep mixing with lime or lime-cement column and combined soil stabilization with vertical columns (CSV) methods are discussed and to illustrate applications of these methods in a variety of conditions, several case histories are presented.

The paper describes the cases of 3 female health operators with implanted copper IUDs, developing menometrorrhagia some months after an increase of the working time in a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Unit (1.5 T), that progressively disappeared when the previous organization, involving discontinuous work shifts at MRI, was re-established. No known factors possibly related to menometrorrhagia were evidenced in the 3 operators, supporting the hypothesis of a role of the exposure to the electromagnetic fields (EMF) induced by the MRI system in symptoms induction. The possible mechanism remains unsettled, but menometrorrhagia might be triggered by a phlogistic stimulus caused by EMF, possibly the low-frequency currents induced in the wires of the IUD during the movements of the operator inside the static magnetic field generated by the MRI permanent magnet. Until now, the problem of possible interactions between copper IUDs and EMF induced by MRI has been considered in patients under...

We report an asymptomatic 23-year-old female patient who was diagnosed to have a transmigrated intrauterine device (IUD) during a routine gynecological examination. After the IUD had been located within the colonic wall by further investigation, the IUD was successfully extracted via transanal route by colonoscopic intervention.

We see, know and experience information systems development failures in many domains and in many countries. This paper will explore some of the issues related to the study of these failures. Every year, billions of dollars are wasted on failed projects in developed countries. Developing countries can learn from these grim experiences so as not to waste precious resources in