CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD

Para contribuir con el desarrollo tecnológico y productivo del cultivo de pasifloras y proponer un modelo de adaptación al cambio climático y uso eficientedel recurso hídrico, se evaluó la eficiencia técnica, socioeconómica y de impactos ambientales de los sistemas de riego en la actividad productiva de los cultivos de maracuyá (passiflora edullis) y granadilla (passifloras ligularis Juss) en el departamento del Huila. Para la evaluación de los sistemas de riego en pasifloras seaplicó la metodología de Cristiansen 1942, Keller y Karmeli 1975, Gurovich 1993 y Arboleda 1994. Se propusieron medidas para evitar o mitigar los impactosambientales, resultando los métodos de riego por goteo, microaspersión y surcos controlado con la mayor eficiencia y acogida para el suministro de agua a laspasifloras. Los impactos positivos anotados con mayor frecuencia son el aumento en la producción, el suministro de agua al cultivo en forma oportuna yadecuada, y la oportunidad para la aplicación de fert...

El contenido de esta obra es una contribución del autor al repositorio digital de la Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar, Sede Ecuador, por tanto el autor tiene exclusiva responsabilidad sobre el mismo y no necesariamente refleja los puntos de vista de la UASB. Este trabajo se almacena bajo una licencia de distribución no exclusiva otorgada por el autor al repositorio, y con licencia Creative Commons-Reconocimiento de créditos-No comercial-Sin obras derivadas 3.0 Ecuador El logro de una ciencia intercultural Jaime Breilh 2003 Prólogo al libro: Cárdenas, Oswaldo. Atención del parto en posición vertical materna. Cuenca:

El contenido de esta obra es una contribución del autor al repositorio digital de la Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar, Sede Ecuador, por tanto el autor tiene exclusiva responsabilidad sobre el mismo y no necesariamente refleja los puntos de vista de la UASB. Este trabajo se almacena bajo una licencia de distribución no exclusiva otorgada por el autor al repositorio, y con licencia Creative Commons-Reconocimiento de créditos-No comercial-Sin obras derivadas 3.0 Ecuador

We studied drug resistance mutations (DRMs) in 2623 pol sequences. Out of 94,828 amino acid substitutions that were detected, 8749 corresponded to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), 3765 to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), and 7141 to protease inhibitor (PI) resistance-associated mutations. The most common DRMs were L10I,

We studied drug resistance mutations (DRMs) in 2623 pol sequences. Out of 94,828 amino acid substitutions that were detected, 8749 corresponded to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), 3765 to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), and 7141 to protease inhibitor (PI) resistance-associated mutations. The most common DRMs were L10I,

Reproductive success stems from a finely regulated balance between follicular maturation and atresia, in which the role of carbohydrate structure is poorly understood. Here, we describe for the first time a fraction of purified recombinant human FSH that is capable of bringing about the cell death of granulosa cells and preventing follicular maturation in a rat model. Further analysis by mass spectrometry revealed the presence of the lectin Concanavalin-A (Con-A) within this fraction of recombinant FSH. Using both the fractionated FSH and Con-A, the observed cell death was predominantly located to the granulosa cells. Ex vivo culture of rat follicles demonstrated that follicle degeneration occurred and resulted in the release of a denuded and deteriorated oocyte. Moreover, in vivo experiments confirmed an increase in atresia and a corresponding reduction confined to follicle in early antral stage. As a mechanism of action, Con-A reduces ovarian proliferation, Von Willebrand staining...

Follicular helper T lymphocytes (TFH) are essential to establish a correct and protective humoral immune response. Correct regulation of their development and differentiation is necessary to achieve a normal antibody response. They can be characterized by their phenotype and function. It has been proposed that their role is important in the generation of immunodeficiency or autoimmunity, as well as in the control of chronic viral or protozoan infections. This review comments recent advances in human TFH research that may be useful in order to design adequate therapeutic or vaccination strategies.

Chagas disease (CD), caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is considered a neglected tropical disease by the World Health Organization. Congenital transmission of CD is an increasingly relevant public health problem. It progressively becomes the main transmission route over others and can occur in both endemic and non-endemic countries. Though most congenitally infected newborns are asymptomatic at birth, they display higher frequencies of prematurity, low birth weight, and lower Apgar scores compared to uninfected ones, and some suffer from severe symptoms. If not diagnosed and treated, infected newborns are at risk of developing disabling and life-threatening chronic pathologies later in life. The success or failure of congenital transmission depends on interactions between the parasite, the placenta, the mother, and the fetus. We review and discuss here the current knowledge about these parameters, including parasite virulence factors such as exovesicles, placental tropism, potential placental defense mechanisms, the placental transcriptome of infected women, gene polymorphism, and the maternal and fetal/neonatal immune responses, that might modulate the risk of T. cruzi congenital transmission.

The early detection of congenital anomaly epidemics occurs when comparing current with previous frequencies in the same population. The success of epidemiologic surveillance depends on numerous factors, including the accuracy of the rates available in the base period, wide population coverage, and short periodicity of analysis. This study aims to describe the Latin American network of congenital malformation surveillance: ReLAMC, created to increase epidemiologic surveillance in Latin America. We describe the main steps, tasks, strategies used, and preliminary results. From 2017 to 2019, five national registries (Argentina [RENAC], Brazil [SINASC/SIM‐BRS], Chile [RENACH], Costa Rica [CREC], Paraguay [RENADECOPY‐PNPDC]), six regional registries (Bogotá [PVSDC‐Bogota], Cali [PVSDC‐Cali], Maule [RRMC SSM], Nicaragua [SVDC], Nuevo‐León [ReDeCon HU], São Paulo [SINASC/SIM‐MSP]) and the ECLAMC hospital network sent data to ReLAMC on a total population of 9,152,674 births, with a total of ...

Inflammation plays a central role in the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases associated with the exposure to air pollution particulate matter (PM). The aim of this work was to analyze the cardioprotective effect of selective TNF-α targeting with a blocking anti-TNF-α antibody (infliximab) in an in vivo mice model of acute exposure to residual oil fly ash (ROFA). Female Swiss mice received an intraperitoneal injection of infliximab (10 mg/kg body wt) or saline solution, and were intranasally instilled with a ROFA suspension (1 mg/kg body wt). Control animals were instilled with saline solution and handled in parallel. After 3 h, heart O2consumption was assessed by high-resolution respirometry in left ventricle tissue cubes and isolated mitochondria, and ventricular contractile reserve and lusitropic reserve were evaluated according to the Langendorff technique. ROFA instillation induced a significant decrease in tissue O2consumption and active mitochondrial respiration b...

Thiazide-like diuretics are the most commonly used drugs to treat arterial hypertension, with their efficacy being linked to their chronic vasodilatory effect. Previous studies suggest that activation of the large conductance voltage- and Ca-dependent K (BK) channel (Slo 1, MaxiK channel) is responsible for the thiazide-induced vasodilatory effect. But the direct electrophysiological evidence supporting this claim is lacking. BK channels can be associated with one small accessory β-subunit (β-β) that confers specific biophysical and pharmacological characteristics to the current phenotype. The β1-subunit is primarily expressed in smooth muscle cells (SMCs). In this study we investigated the effect of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) on BK channel activity in native SMCs from human umbilical artery (HUASMCs) and HEK293T cells expressing the BK channel (with and without the β1-subunit). Bath application of HCTZ (10 μmol/L) significantly augmented the BK current in HUASMCs when recorded usin...

Varias fuentes de datos secundarios y algunos estudios previos destacan la magnitud de los homicidios entre jóvenes en las poblaciones marginalizadas de la zona sur de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Con un enfoque que incorpora las perspectivas de la sociología de la individuación, la antropología de las moralidades y de los procesos psíquicos involucrados en la subjetivación, se realizó un estudio de casos en profundidad, entre los años 2014 y 2016. Se reconstruyó un conjunto de biografías de jóvenes muertos frente a otros jóvenes, con testimonios de familiares, y de jóvenes amigos, de pares muertos. El trabajo se propone profundizar en los diferentes contextos y condiciones de posibilidad de las experiencias de estos actores, en que el proceso de reconstrucción biográfica vinculado a las sociabilidades juveniles, junto al dolor y las vulnerabilidades, tras una muerte, podrían conducir a una crítica social de la naturalización de la violencia entre jóvenes, en la vida cotidiana de los ...

Introducción: la rehabilitación temprana en el paciente crítico ha evidenciado múltiples efectos a nivel biopsicosocial y económico, en el paciente, su familia, y el sistema de salud, que conducen a la optimización de la funcionalidad y reducción de complicaciones asociadas a la estancia prolongada en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Objetivo: generar a partir de los parámetros para la prescripción del ejercicio físico, una propuesta de entrenamiento direccionada al paciente crítico en fase aguda. Métodos: revisión sistemática de 1 115 estudios de 10 países en el periodo 2010-2017; se tomaron como base 23

Se presenta el caso clinico de un paciente de 45 anos de edad, atendido en el Departamento de Cirugia Maxilofacial del Hospital Provincial Docente Clinicoquirurgico “Saturnino Lora Torres” por presentar molestias en el suelo de la boca con 3 anos de evolucion. Despues de un estudio minucioso se comprobo que se trataba de una sialoadenitis por sialolitiasis de la glandula submaxilar derecha. Se realizo sialolectomia canalicular intrabucal. El calculo extraido tenia forma conica, mas ancho en su porcion posterior, de 3,8 cm de largo y 4,2 cm de circunferencia externa, color amarillo-verdoso y consistencia dura friable.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La hidatidosis es un problema relevante en toda Argentina, y no se conoce la situación del bovino en su transmisión. El objetivo general del estudio fue indagar acerca de esta situación y, en particular, estimar la prevalencia de hidatidosis, evaluar la fertilidad de quistes hidatídicos (QH) y analizar los factores de riesgo y el patrón de distribución espacial. MÉTODOS: Se evaluó presencia de QH en hígados y pulmones de 432 bovinos. Se estimó prevalencia hidatídica y de establecimientos positivos y el intervalo de confianza (IC95%). Se tomaron 42 muestras de contenido de QH y se evaluó fertilidad. Se estudiaron variables asociadas a presencia de QH. Se calculó razón de prevalencia (RP) con IC95%. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia estimada fue del 22,2% (IC95%: 18,4-26,5%); 12 de 13 (92,3%) establecimientos fueron positivos. La localización de los QH fue 50% pulmonar, 4,2% hepática y 45,8% hepato-pulmonar. No se encontraron QH fértiles. Las variables que mejor explicaron la p...

La leptospirosis es la zoonosis de mayor distribución mundial, endémica en Argentina. Las herramientas de análisis espacial contenidas en los Sistemas de Información Geográfica permiten evaluar las correlaciones entre determinantes socioeconómicos y ambientales de la leptospirosis, conocer sus posibles causas y tomar decisiones aplicables en base a información precisa y confiable. En este trabajo se tomó como caso de estudio la localidad de María Ignacia Vela, en el partido de Tandil, la cual presenta una dinámica social y configuración territorial con estrecha vinculación rural y urbana. El trabajo persiguió dos objetivos, en primera instancia, detectar la existencia de patrones de distribución espacial de la seropositividad a leptospirosis y en segundo lugar, modelar un escenario predictivo de la probabilidad de infección por Leptospira spp. en el área de estudio. Para detectar positividad a Leptospira spp. se realizó el diagnóstico serológico a través de la técnica de microaglutinación (MAT). Con los resultados de laboratorio, la información obtenida a partir de encuestas y la georreferencia de los participantes se aplicaron técnicas de análisis estadísticos y espaciales aplicando los softwares EpiInfo versión 3.5.3, InfoStat versión 2018 y ArcGIS 10.6. Las relaciones espaciales halladas entre los determinantes estudiados y la seropositividad a Leptospira spp. facilitarán la definición de estrategias específicas que contribuyan a mejorar la toma de decisiones territoriales en cuestiones de salud en las áreas rururbanas.

La depresion postparto comprende unimportanteproblemadesalud publica. Actualmente se define con los criterios de depresion mayor del DSM IV, aplicandolos en el periodo del puerperio. Se debe realizar diagnostico diferencial con entidades como tristeza postparto y psicosis postparto. El diagnostico adecuado es importante para asi poder detectar aquellas pacientes que requieren de tratamiento farmacologico y poder disminuir los riesgos de morbilidad que conlleva esta enfermedad, tanto para la madre, como para el nino en desarrollo.

El caso de la obesidad constituye, en México, un ejemplo emblemático sobre cómo prevalecen, en los mensajes emitidos por las campañas televisivas de salud pública, creencias fuertemente arraigadas en torno a la cuestión del peso corporal. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue reflexionar sobre ciertos efectos epistemológicos que abundan en los relatos mediáticos biomédicos referidos a la obesidad. Para ello, se analizan algunos aspectos de la retórica propulsada por dos iniciativas de la Secretaría de Salud Pública –Muévete y Métete en Cintura, de 2008 y el programa 5 Pasos, de 2011– y por el discurso que giró en torno a la medida impositiva instaurada por el Servicio de Atención Tributaria del gobierno mexicano, en 2017. Por otra parte, este estudio se amplía a otras prácticas similares que, aunque teniendo lugar fuera de México, contribuyen a aceitar los engranajes del lipofobismo, como la “industria Cormillot” en Argentina. Como resultado, se ha identificado un fuerte influjo...

Two commonly used metrics for assessing progress toward universal health coverage involve assessing citizens' rights to health care and counting the number of people who are in a financial protection scheme that safeguards them from high health care payments. On these metrics most countries in Latin America have already…

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of benznidazole nanoparticles (BNZ-nps) on trypomastigote forms and on intracellular infection in mammalian cells and primary cardiac myocyte cells. Its effectiveness was also evaluated on acute Trypanosoma cruzi Nicaragua mice infection. Trypomastigotes from culture were treated with different concentrations of BNZ-nps to determine the drug concentration that lyses 50% of trypomastigotes (LC 50). Infected mammalian cells were incubated with different concentrations of BNZ-nps to determine the percentage of amastigote inhibition. C 3 H/HeN mice with lethal acute infection were treated with 10, 25, and 50 mg/kg/day of BNZnps for 30 and 15 days to control the survival rate of animals. BNZ-nps having a mean particle size of 63.3 nm, a size distribution of 3.35, and a zeta potential of −18.30 were successfully prepared using poloxamer 188 as a stabilizer. BNZ-nps 25 and 50 μg/mL showed no significant differences in the percentage of inhibition of infected mammalian cells. Infected mice treated with BNZ-nps (50, 25, and 10 mg/kg/day) for 30 days and with BNZ-nps (50 and 25 mg/kg/day) for 15 days presented a 100% survival, whereas the animals treated with 10 mg/kg/day for 15 days of BNZ-nps showed a 70% survival rate. The results obtained demonstrate, for the first time, that benznidazole nanoparticles are a useful and attractive approach to treat Chagas disease in infected mice.

Cuando se habla de libertad, amor y derechos, el tema se extiende, de manera imprescindible, al bienestar, del cual uno de los integrantes fundamentales es, indiscutiblemente, la salud en su concepto más amplio, la que se extiende, a su vez, a la esfera física y psicosocial. El problema de la distribución de escasos recursos para la atención de la salud, especialmente exacerbado por el desarrollo de políticas neoliberales y los apetitos desmedidos de las empresas transnacionales, ha provocado una elevación del tono de las discusiones en torno a los aspectos éticos de los esfuerzos que se pueden realizar en el empeño de propiciar salud para todos. Un aspecto que puede acercar o al menos mitigar esta contradicción, propiciando más salud a más personas con menor cantidad de recursos, es el desarrollo de tecnologías adecuadas, entendidas como aquellas que habiendo sido desarrolladas atendiendo a las condiciones sociales, culturales y económicas de los lugares donde se emplean, propician más salud a más personas con un menor costo económico y social.

Shiga toxin type 2 (Stx2), a toxin secreted by Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli(STEC), could be one of the causes of maternal and fetal morbimortality not yet investigated. In this study, we examined the effects of Stx2 in rats in the early stage of pregnancy. Sprague-Dawley pregnant rats were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with sublethal doses of Stx2, 0.25 and 0.5 ng Stx2/g of body weight (bwt), at day 8 of gestation (early postimplantation period of gestation). Maternal weight loss and food and water intake were analyzed after Stx2 injection. Another group of rats were euthanized and uteri were collected at different times to evaluate fetal status. Immunolocalization of Stx2 in uterus and maternal kidneys was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The presence of Stx2 receptor (globotriaosylceramide, Gb3) in the uteroplacental unit was observed by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Sublethal doses of Stx2 in rats caused maternal weight loss and pregnancy loss. Stx2 and Gb3 recep...

Among several factors known to modulate embryo implantation and survival, uterine quiescence and neovascularization, maternal immunotolerance through the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance towards a Th2 profile, local regulatory T-cell (Treg) activation, and high levels of progesterone were assigned a prominent role. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a neuroimmunopeptide that has anti-inflammatory effects, promotes Th2 cytokines and CD4+CD25+FOXP3+Treg activation, and stimulates exocrine secretion, smooth muscle relaxation, and vasodilatation favoring uterus quiescence. The goal of the present work was to explore the participation of VIP in the implantation sites of normal and pregnant prediabetic nonobese diabetic (NOD) females, a mouse strain that spontaneously develops an autoimmune exocrinopathy similar to Sjögren's syndrome. Our results indicate a reduction in litter size from the third parturition onwards in the NOD female lifespan with increased resorption rates. Progesterone ...

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration to mice on day 7 of gestation led to 100% embryonic resorption after 24 h. In this model, nitric oxide is fundamental for the resorption process. Progesterone may be responsible, at least in part, for a Th2 switch in the feto-maternal interface, inducing active immune tolerance against fetal antigens. Th2 cells promote the development of T cells, producing leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), which seems to be important due to its immunomodulatory action during early pregnancy. Our aim was to evaluate the involvement of progesterone in the mechanism of LPS-induced embryonic resorption, and whether LIF can mediate hormonal action. Using in vivo and in vitro models, we provide evidence that circulating progesterone is an important component of the process by which infection causes embryonic resorption in mice. Also, LIF seems to be a mediator of the progesterone effect under inflammatory conditions. We found that serum progesterone fell to very low levels after 24 h of LPS exposure. Moreover, progesterone supplementation prevented embryonic resorption and LPS-induced increase of uterine nitric oxide levels in vivo. Results show that LPS diminished the expression of the nuclear progesterone receptor in the uterus after 6 and 12 h of treatment. We investigated the expression of LIF in uterine tissue from pregnant mice and found that progesterone up-regulates LIF mRNA expression in vitro. We observed that LIF was able to modulate the levels of nitric oxide induced by LPS in vitro, suggesting that it could be a potential mediator of the inflammatory action of progesterone. Our observations support the view that progesterone plays a critical role in a successful pregnancy as an anti-inflammatory agent, and that it could have possible therapeutic applications in the prevention of early reproductive failure associated with inflammatory disorders.

Objective: to present the state of the art of research, so far relate patient’s genetic polymorphism with the development of sepsis, as a diagnostic tool and a novel therapeutic approach for this condition. The concepts given by the research establishing the genetic polymorphism of the individual is relevant to disease progression of the disease and effective response to treatment in the critically ill patient, especially with bacterial sepsis and septic shock. Materials and methods: we reviewed indexed literature linking genetic factors with the development of some diseases of the critically ill patient. Results: the particular characteristics of the disease would be influenced by the genetic background of the patient, determining largely the pathophysiological response. It has revealed the genetic susceptibility of individuals to develop infection. These individuals with a similar treatment did not evolve in the same way, triggering a severe bacterial sepsis and septic shock. The ...

Based on the idea of a social psychism and understanding the individual as a social construct is that we look at the female psychism. The occurrence and development of the women's psyche, as well as her complex process of identity formation finds a source of meaning, from the social perspective, in the prevailing patriarchal law which positions her in a place of less value in society. Parents, mainly through projective identification, play a decisive role in the recreation of these social imaginary meanings. Psychoanalysis, with a theoretical construct unable to conceptualize but from the social aspect, might trivialize a system of violence by means of a rational and socially constructed system.

This work compared the time at which negative seroconversion was detected by conventional serology (CS) and by the ELISA-F29 test on a cohort of chronic chagasic patients treated with nifurtimox or benznidazole. A retrospective study was performed using preserved serum from 66 asymptomatic chagasic adults under clinical supervision, and bi-annual serological examinations over a mean follow-up of 23 years. Twenty nine patients received trypanocide treatment and 37 remained untreated. The ELISA-F29 test used a recombinant antigen which was obtained by expressing the Trypanosoma cruzi flagellar calcium-binding protein gene in Escherichia coli. Among the untreated patients, 36 maintained CS titers. One patient showed a doubtful serology in some check-ups. ELISA-F29 showed constant reactivity in 35 out of 37 patients and was negative for the patient with fluctuating CS. The treated patients were divided into three groups according to the CS titers: in 13 they became negative; in 12 they ...

Utilizó la cocaína como primer anestésico Albert Niemann, 1860. Demostró el efecto anestésico de la cocaína en animales Von Anrep, 1880. Introdujo el uso de cocaína tópica en cirugía ocular Karl Koller, 1884. Utilizó cocaína en el bloqueo del nervio dentario inferior William Halsted, 1884. Combinó la cocaína con adrenalina, prolongando el efecto anestésico Heinrich Braun, 1903.

the assessment of the skinfold thickness is an objective measure of adiposity. Therefore, it is a useful tool for nutritional diagnosis and prevention of metabolic risk associated with excess fat in chilhood and adolescence. to provide percentiles of subscapular and triceps skinfolds for Hispanic American schoolchildren and compare them with those published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) from United States, that it have been commonly used as a reference in most of these countries. subscapular and triceps skinfolds were measured in 9.973 schoolchildren 4-19 aged from Spain, Argentina, Cuba, Venezuela and Mexico with Holtain caliper with 0.2 mm accuracy. Percentiles were obtained with the LMS statistical method and were presented in tables divided in stages of 6 months and in curves graphics. The difference between Hispanic American and CDC mean values were provided for P3, P50 and P97 in mm and also were graphically represented. skinfolds measurements obvious...

Background: The Argentinean population is characterized by ethnic, cultural and socioeconomic diversity. Aim: To calculate the percentiles of weight-forage (W/A) and height-forage (H/A) of schoolchildren from Argentina employing the LMS method; and to compare the obtained percentiles with those of the international and national references.

La intervencion sanitaria con su objetivo de prevencion, tratamiento y educacion en el area de salud es un modelo de atencion primaria que intenta alcanzar “la salud para todos”. El bienestar y la calidad de vida de las poblaciones se ven influenciados por varias causas, entre las que pueden mencionarse los problemas asociados al medio ambiente, a la atencion sanitaria, y a los habitos, comportamientos y estilos de vida de los individuos. Las “enfermedades de la pobreza”, segun indica la OMS responden a causas multifactoriales, donde muchas de ellas no escapan a cuestiones estructurales desatendidas por actores institucionales, sociales y a veces por el propio estado. Las mas importantes se relacionan con estructuras edilicias deficientes, saneamiento ambiental inapropiado, una realidad socioepidemiologica inadecuada para la salud publica y falta de pautas culturales o educativas que permitan alcanzar niveles de salud y bienestar aceptables, tanto a nivel individual como comunitario...

Las personas que trabajan en laboratorios clínicos están en permanente riesgo de sufrir accidentes laborales por la exposición a material biológico. Con base a esta premisa este artículo se propone como objetivo evaluar el riesgo biológico en los laboratorios clínicos de la universidad estatal del sur de Manabí. Fundamentado en las teorías propuestas por el método BIOGAVAL. La metodologia fue de tipo observacional – descriptiva con un componente exploratorio constituido los usuarios del laboratorio clínico de la Universidad a través de la informacion aportadas a través del instrumento aplicado. Los resultados, permitieron constatar que existe vulnerabilidad de contagio hacia los agentes biológicos que poseen como vía de contaminación la aérea, pues son expansivas y de fácil contacto para alojarse y producir la enfermedad, permitiendo concluir que los mayores factores de riesgos se encontraron el micobacterium tuberculosis, el virus de las hepatitis C y D y el virus de la gripe.

Los defectos al nacimiento (DN) son un grupo heterogéneo de enfermedades que afectan la estructura, función o el metabolismo del producto, generalmente presentan un patrón hereditario denominado multifactorial, en el cual interactúan simultáneamente varios genes con ...

Although soy phytoestrogen are proposed to prevent or improve postmenopausal vascular and bone diseases, the currently available data are controversial and unclear. In this study we evaluated the molecular and biochemical action of Genistein on the cellular events involved in vascular calcification. Rat monocytes, aortic vascular cell and osteoblasts cultures in vitro exposed to Gen were employed. Gen down regulated the expression of cell adhesion molecules involved in stable leukocyte attachment. Using flow cytometry we found that the PE significantly diminished monocyte integrins CD11b, CD11c and CD18 expression either under basal and pro-inflammatory environment. At endothelial level, Gen also reduced Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 mRNA expression. On vascular muscle cells, the PE markedly reduced cell proliferation and migration. When vascular calcification was studied, muscle cells transdifferentiation into osteoblasts like cells was evaluated. Cells were cultured in osteogenic medium for 21 days. The expression of alkaline phosphatase and the presence of calcified nodules in the extracellular matrix were selected as features of muscle transdifferentiation. Calcified muscle cells exhibited higher levels of alkaline phosphatase activity and enhanced deposition of calcium nodules respect to native cells. Both osteoblastic markers were significantly reduced after Gen treatment. In contrast to this anti-osteogenic action, on bone cells Gen promoted osteoblasts growth, enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity and increased matrix mineralization. Its mitogenic action on osteoblasts directly depends on nitric oxide endothelial production stimulated by the PE. The data presented suppose a beneficial role of Gen on bone and vascular cells, with a cross link between both systems.

En este artículo, las investigadoras exponen como debe ser la formación gerencial a nivel epistemológico, para generar una conciencia y unas cualidades en el gerente que le permita afrontar con éxito la realidad emergente tanto social como empresarial. Para el logro del mismo, se realizó una revisión documental y el análisis nomotético para la generación de las categorías. Se concluye, que el gerente debe comprender: (a) nuevas lógicas de hacer ciencia; (b) las complejidades en relación a las complejidades internas y externas a la organización; (c) la importancia de la construcción de nuevas realidades empresariales; (d) que en la naturaleza y en la sociedad, entre los humanos y los demás seres vivos proliferan los desórdenes, pero también son creadores de órdenes, dando como resultados fenómenos transcomplejos.

El síndrome de Cowden es una rara genodermatosis caracterizada por múltiples hamartomas ubicados en tejidos y órganos diversos derivados de las tres hojas embrionarias. Las manifestaciones clínicas de la enfermedad de Cowden se explican especialmente por la mutación de un gen supresor tumoral, el PTEN cuyo cambio induce al crecimiento incoordinado de los tejidos. La importancia de esta enfermedad radica en la tendencia a la malignización de algunas de sus lesiones especialmente las de mama, tiroides y tracto génito-urinario. Esto ha determinado que se la considere como una entidad preneoplásica. A pesar de su variada expresión fenotípica esta entidad es generalmente desconocida. Esto determina que muchos casos pasen desapercibidos o sean diagnosticados tardíamente, de ahí la importancia del diagnóstico precoz de esta enfermedad que lleve al paciente a revisiones periódicas para prevenir enfermedades malignas. Se presenta aquí un caso familiar cuyo diagnóstico surge por los hallazgos clínicos detectados en la cavidad bucal y cuya alteración sistémica mas destacada es la presencia de pólipos hamartomatosos en el tracto digestivo en varios miembros de la familia.

Introduction Several studies have shown the effect of dietary patterns on breast cancer risk, but none has been conducted in Argentina. The aim of this study was to extract dietary patterns from Food Frequency Questioner, to estimate their effect on breast cancer occurrence while taking into account aggregation factors (family history of breast cancer) and to explore the sensitivity of the estimates to changes in the assumptions. Methods A principal component exploratory factor analysis was applied to identify dietary patterns, which were then included as covariates in a multilevel logistic regression. Family history of BC was considered as a clustering variable. A multiple probabilistic sensitivity analysis was also performed. Results The study included 100 cases and 294 controls. Four dietary patterns were identified. Traditional (fat meats, bakery products, and vegetable oil and mayonnaise) (OR III tertile vs I 3.13, 95 % CI 2.58-3.78), Rural (processed meat) (OR III tertile vs I 2.02, 95 % CI 1.21-3.37) and Starchy (refined grains) (OR III tertile vs I 1.82, 95 % CI 1.18-2.79) dietary patterns were positively associated with BC risk, whereas the Prudent pattern (fruit and non-starchy vegetables) (OR III tertile vs I 0.56, 95 % CI 0.41-0.77) showed a protective effect. For Traditional pattern, the median bias-adjusted ORs (3.52) were higher than the conventional (2.76). Conclusions While the Prudent pattern was associated with a reduced risk of BC, Traditional, Rural and Starchy patterns showed a promoting effect. Despite the threats to validity, the nature of associations was not strongly affected.

Key item 1: Elimination of soil-transmitted helminthiasis as a public health problem Challenge: While elimination as a public health problem is clearly defined (<1% prevalence of moderate-or heavy-intensity infections for any soil-transmitted helminth species in a distinct geographic area), there is disagreement on the tools needed to achieve and to assess elimination. Recommendation: The Committee supports this definition of soil-transmitted helminthiasis elimination and urges all stakeholders to develop a common strategy on how to achieve this goal. Key item 2: Parasitologic monitoring of control efforts Challenge: Accurate parasitologic studies are not carried out on a regular basis in many endemic areas. There is no agreement on a sampling design to determine if set targets have been reached. Recommendation: Parasitologic monitoring in endemic countries is essential for assessing progress toward the elimination goal. WHO should develop and support a sampling design that is powered enough to determine if the goal of <1% prevalence of moderateor heavy-intensity infection has been reached and affordable and relatively easy to implement given the limited resources available to, and capacity of, national control programs. The reporting of age-and sex-disaggregated data should be emphasized. Key item 3: Anthelmintic treatment coverage of at-risk groups Challenge: Anthelmintic treatment rates for preschool-aged children (PSAC) lag behind coverage rates reported for school-aged children (SAC), while most women of reproductive age (WRA) remain untreated amid scale-up efforts in high-burden countries. PSAC and WRA and use findings for developing new guidelines for these risk groups. Key item 4: Reporting on treatment coverage and data sharing on subnational level Challenge: WRA are among the at-risk groups for whom deworming is recommended, but treatment coverage data are not reported. For all groups receiving treatment, it would be more informative to have regional-and/or district-specific coverage rates in addition to national estimates. Recommendation: WHO should improve reporting of treatment coverage rates by inclusion of WRA in the regular updates on soil-transmitted helminthiasis published in the Weekly Epidemiological Record (WER). Additionally, WHO can provide a platform where subnational-level data on drug coverage in soil-transmitted helminthiasisendemic districts should be shared whenever available. It is further suggested that WHO report the proportion of soil-transmitted helminthiasis-endemic districts (globally and by country) that have reached at least 75% coverage.

Our experience on the management of 6 cases with bilateral chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the legs is presented. The diagnosis was confirmed by the measurement of the compartment pressure with slit catheter. Intramuscular pressure was considered abnormal when the basal pressure was not regained 15 minutes after the exercise with consistent symtomatology. Double complete subcutaneous fasciotomy was performed in the 6 patients obtaining complete recovery of the symtoms and improvement of the performance in all of them. Patients started training six weeks after surgery. Neither complication or relapse was found during a mean follow-up of 2 years (1-3).

Twenty-nine patients with recurrent shoulder dislocation trailed surgicaly by modified Magnuson-Stack procedure are colected. The authors made a long-term versus short-term review of results. They have found a worsening of results in the total longterm review. They observe a worsening of the stability (90.47% excellent results in short-term but 58.62% in long-term) (9.52% bad results in short-term but 31.03% in long-term). There are an increase of range mobility (57.14% excellent in short-term versus 82.75% in long-term). The function remain unchanged.

espanolLos autores presentan un estudio comparativo de E.M.G. y Saculorradiculografia en relacion con los hallazgos quirurgicos de 100 Hernias Discales intervenidas. Para el E.M.G. se ha conseguido una exactitud global del 83% y para la saculorradiculografia del 79%. La saculorradiculografia ha demostrado mayor exactitud para la raiz S1 que paral a L5 (85,7% frente a 70,4%) y el E.M.G. mayor para la L5 que para la S1 (88,6% frente a 78,5%). El E.M.G. tiene una especial utilidad para el diagnostico y despistaje de neuropatias y para la comprobacion de recuperacion post-quirurgica de lesiones sin axonotmesis. La exactitud de los resultados en el E.M.G. estan en relacion directa con la habilidad del examinador a la hora de conseguir e interpretar los resultados. EnglishThe authors made a comparative study between the Electromyography (EMG) and the radiculography with the surgical findings in 100 Herniated intervertebral disk (H.I.D.) operated on. With the E.M.G. they had obtained a cor...

To evaluate the levels of recent thymic emigrant (RTE) CD4+ T cells in HIV‐infected children and to explore the associations among their frequency, antiretroviral treatment (ART) adherence, and CD4+ T cell restoration. The group evaluated comprised 85 HIV‐infected patients classified as subjects with moderate or severe immunosuppression or as those with no evidence of immunosuppression. To evaluate the association between the frequency of RTE CD4+ T cells and ART adherence, 23 of the 85 patients were evaluated at two different time points during a one‐year follow‐up period. Children with severe immunosuppression had lower frequencies of RTE CD4+ T cells compared with children without evidence of immunosuppression (P &lt; .001). The frequency of RTE CD4+ T cells in children with a high rate of adherence was significantly higher (P &lt; .05) than that observed among those with suboptimal adherence. The latter group presented with infectious intercurrences on admission that decreased a...

Introduction: In the recent decades a rapid increase of excess weight has been observed. Difficulties in having access to adequate food predispose children to being overweight or obese and many of them are also anemic or have a deficit in the muscle tissue. Objective: To analyze the body composition of overweight or obese children living in two Argentinean cities with different geographical locations: General Alvear (Mendoza) and Puerto Madryn (Chubut). Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 5828 schoolchildren (3048 males and 2780 females) aged from 5,0 to 14,9 living in the cities of General Alvear (GA) and Puerto Madryn (PM). Weight, height, upper arm circumference and tricipital and subscapular skinfolds were measured. Also, muscle and adipose areas of the arm and Subscapular/ Tricipital Index (STI) were calculated. The prevalence of overweight (O) and obesity (Ob) were estimated using NHANES III (O&gt; P85 and P95). The analysis of body composition was performed in...

Tecnología e Innovación en México 4.4.1 Sobre el Sistema Nacional de Investigadores 4.4.2 Recursos de inversión en ciencia, tecnología e innovación 4.5 Estado actual de la Ciencia y la Tecnología en México 4.6 Legislación educativa a nivel estatal y su relación con la biblioteca 4.7 Retos y oportunidades 4.7.1 Agenda Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Consideraciones finales del capítulo CAPÍTULO 5 PARTE I RED DE COLEGIOS Y CENTROS DE INVESTIGACIÓN EN CIENCIAS SOCIALES Introducción 231 6.10 Reglamentos, políticas o lineamientos con los que cuenta, proceso de formulación y aprobación 6.11 Redes de Cooperación bibliotecológica Consideraciones finales del capítulo CAPÍTULO 7 7 Conclusiones 365 Anexos 368 Cuestionario aplicado a las bibliotecas de la Red de Colegios y