Building Structure

The actualization of human needs appears under the form of some external specifications to which architecture responds in a functional way. The relation between the building and the user defines the function, that is the correspondence between the building and the requests of the investor and customer. The dynamics of these requirements renders the functions more and more complex. In this context the paper presents functions of architecture solved with structures free of conventional materials as: steel, concrete, brick and wood.

Prefabrication as a technology that has long been used in Europe, have a big potential to help fulfill the housing backlog in Indonesia. Project time and cost efficiency along with multiple other benefits have proven that prefabrication system is a valid alternative to the conventional construction system. One of the biggest problem delaying the implementation was the perception of construction practitioners and home buyers about the structural and visual quality, and a prefabricated home owners'satisfaction when compared to a conventionally built home owners'. Faster, Better, Cheaper concept may be the guide to planning a house building project that can be finished faster, be more cost efficient, while achieving higher user satisfaction.

Indonesia is a high-risk earthquake country. It passed by Pacific Ring of Fire and surrounded by Eurasian, Pacific, Philippines and Indo-Australian plates. Indonesia government has already made an earthquake anticipation with applied  Indonesian National Standard (SNI)1726-2012 to prevent building collapse and structural failure. SNI 1726-2012 is an updated version of seismic standard code of SNI 1726-2002. The application of SNI 1726-2012 would make an existing building which was designed with SNI 1726-2002, generates a different result of storey shear. This situation made an uncertainty of building safety. The purpose of this study is to compare two storey shear between seismic code of SNI 1726-2002 and SNI 1726-2012 at the Rusunawa A4 IPB Building. This study used equivalent static method to obtain storey shear force based on the two of seismic standard code. The result of the comparison of storey shear between SNI 1726-2002 and SNI 1726-2012, it showed storey shear in SNI 1726-2...

Prefabrication as a technology that has long been used in Europe, have a big potential to help fulfill the housing backlog in Indonesia. Project time and cost efficiency along with multiple other benefits have proven that prefabrication system is a valid alternative to the conventional construction system. One of the biggest problem delaying the implementation was the perception of construction practitioners and home buyers about the structural and visual quality, and a prefabricated home owners’satisfaction when compared to a conventionally built home owners’. Faster, Better, Cheaper concept may be the guide to planning a house building project that can be finished faster, be more cost efficient, while achieving higher user satisfaction.

Indonesia is a high-risk earthquake country. It passed by Pacific Ring of Fire and surrounded by Eurasian, Pacific, Philippines and Indo-Australian plates. Indonesia government has already made an earthquake anticipation with applied Indonesian National Standard (SNI)1726-2012 to prevent building collapse and structural failure. SNI 1726-2012 is an updated version of seismic standard code of SNI 1726-2002. The application of SNI 1726-2012 would make an existing building which was designed with SNI 1726-2002, generates a different result of storey shear. This situation made an uncertainty of building safety. The purpose of this study is to compare two storey shear between seismic code of SNI 1726-2002 and SNI 1726-2012 at the Rusunawa A4 IPB Building. This study used equivalent static method to obtain storey shear force based on the two of seismic standard code. The result of the comparison of storey shear between SNI 1726-2002 and SNI 1726-2012, it showed storey shear in SNI 1726-2012 at canopy storey-6, roof storey-5, storey-4, storey-3, storey-2 and story-1 are increased by 12.31%, 11.51%, 10.14%, 8.59%, 6.48% and 3.01% compared to the storey shear in SNI 1726-2002.

Çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye mimarlık ortamında önemli yere sahip olan Nevzat Sayın’ın The Seed ve Gön II yapıları üzerinden tektonik okumalar yapmaktır. Bu okumaların çerçevesini, Tektonik Okumalar (ARCH597, Elif Kendir) dersi kapsamında karşılaştığım, Eduard Sekler ve Kenneth Frampton’ın metinlerinde aktarılan; tektonik-atektonik, strüktür, konstrüksiyon, skenografi kavramları oluşturdu. Dolayısıyla; seçili yapıların başlangıç fikirlerinden başlayan gerçekleştirilmiş son haline kadar olan süreci boyunca;  analitik okuma ile yapıyı oluşturan her bir elemanın kullanım nedenlerinin yanında, her bir elemanın biçimlendirilmesinde baskın olan etkenlerin araştırılması, bu etkenler içinde başta gelen konstrüksiyon ve strüktür metotlarının nasıl şekillendiğini açıklamayı amaçladım.

The Seed Boğaz’da müze yerleşkesi içinde konumlanan Çağdaş Oda Orkestrası Salonu, Gön II Gaziosmanpaşa’da bir fabrika yapısıdır. İki yapı bulundukları konum, yapı fonksiyonu, yapı ölçeği olarak birbirinden oldukça farklıdır. Bu farklılıkların, farklı tasarım ve yapım süreçlerini oluşturarak, farklı tektonik ifadeler meydana getireceğini düşündüm, dolayısıyla; iki yapıda da oluşum süreçlerinin estetik ve teknik beraberliğiyle beliren, strüktür, konstrüksiyon sistemleri ve bunları şekillendiren tektonik kurgu farklılıklarını analiz etmeyi amaçladım.

In present all cases, bracings were used only in columns (vertical bracings). This study tries to focus on using bracing in floors (horizontal bracings) since floors are one of the most vital building elements which plays important role in diaphragm definition. The main target of this study was to figure out the effectiveness of using brace systems on floors of flat plate buildings subjected to lateral loads. To achieve this goal, two twentyfour storied RCC structural models were considered based on a location of Dhaka, Bangladesh, and Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC) standard was applied in the selection of all gravity and lateral loadings. Out of two building models, one has a flat plate floor having no braces, and the second one with X-type braces on its floors. All models had similar plinth areas with the same floor plans and arrangements. To investigate the responses towards lateral loads, graphical studies with elaborate explanations of story displacement, story drift, story stiffness, overturning moments, etc. for both structures had been studied for proposing the configurations which have better performance.

Ergonomic requirements in a building must be reliable. They must meet the safety, health, comfort and convenience requirements specified in the building rules, including the ergonomic safety requirements in a traditional Balinese building. Traditionally, the Balinese utilized their body size to gauge their building's size. However, changes in technology and people's lifestyles have already influenced building techniques. To what extent are ergonomic aspects still used in novel Balinese architecture and building structures? This article examined recent buildings in Bali, integrating architecture, construction, advanced technology and traditional building components. This article analyzed the proper building design and structural system that addresses the ergonomics of the house, the indigenous knowledge of the people, and the advancement of technologies through fieldwork, literature study, interviews and structural analysis using SAP 2000. This study discovered that, traditionally, Balinese people utilized their bodies to determine the scale of their buildings, both in terms of space and structural components. As living standards and technology improved, they have begun to forsake the usage of body parts in measuring buildings. Nowadays, buildings have been designed using meter basis measurement, removing the ability to identify the building's owner using the owner’s body as the basic standard for measurement. They also abandoned conventional structural techniques in favor of reinforced concrete systems, especially for non-religious buildings, because reinforced concrete frame structures supported by brick walls are more secure than wooden frame structures. However, the integration during the planning process between architecture and structural design process has still been performed.

The development of the city has made a lot of agricultural land turned into residential land and other urban facilities so that agricultural land becomes increasingly narrow so that it can weaken the food safety program. Another way is needed to utilize narrow land in an effort to develop agricultural products, namely by farming and maintaining fish hydroganic. Hydroganic comes from the words "Hydro" and "Organic" which are defined as organic cultivation systems by combining the hydro system and the organic system. The main source of nutrition from hydroganic is obtained from solid and liquid organic fertilizer and fish pond water that is treated as plant nutrition. The Hydroganic Technology Dissemination Program with independent electricity sources from solar power plants was carried out in Flower Village Grangsil, Jambangan Village, Dampit District, Malang Regency. Communities that are the perpetrators of the activities are the Tourism Awareness Group "Flower Village Grangsil" and the "Syakura Arum" Farmer Women's Group. The research method uses a descriptive qualitative method, beginning with the design, the creation of an Independent Energy Hydroganic Greenhouse and the planting of vegetables and fish stocking. Retrieval of data in the form of observations and documentation of photos and videos on activities: a) lectures and discussions; b) practice of making bamboo structures greenhouses; c) the practice of installing hydroganic plants; d) the practice of installing solar power plants; e) Hydroganic vegetable and fish growing practices. Through this program the construction of a tunnel-shaped greenhouse with bamboo structure has been carried out successfully, 2 (two) hydroganic farming facilities complete with fish ponds, 1 (one) solar power generation unit consisting of 4 solar panels each with a capacity of 100 wp with energy storage in the form of a 100 AH 12 V battery and a 1000 WH inverter in sunny conditions producing a minimum of 13.6 Amp, 18.8 V can meet the energy needs to drive the water circulation pump and greenhouse lighting lamps and the surrounding environment. Planting sla and mustard greens as well as spreading catfish and tilapia in mid-August 2019, lettuce vegetables can be harvested at the end of September 2019. The success that can be seen is that when farmers cannot grow vegetables in dry land, the vegetable plants in this hydroganic greenhouse remain fertile and healthy because water circulation occurs continuously. Tunnel-shaped greenhouse with bamboo structure using independent energy for hydropower farming is very practical, efficient and quick to build and can be planted with vegetables and spread fish throughout the year without pause is expected to be a prototype of modern agricultural and fishery facilities without relying on the rainy or dry season in the framework of the program increase national scale food safety.

Applied Research with objects of the SME Exhibition Stage in the form of portable stage buildings with in roofs using PVC Tarpaulin fabric material. These facilities can be built, dismantled and moved to other locations eas and lightly with independent energy sources (photovoltaic solar energy systems). The research objective is to develop s means of exhibiting SME products that fulfill aesthetic aspects, strength, speed, effectiveness, comfort and energ encourage the development of creative economy SMEs. The research method used the Experimental Method and beginning with the development of design, manufacture and testing of portable stage models with pneumatic air infla Independent Energy, including: (1) speed test of the manufacture, transport, assembly, installation, dismantling inflated structures and solar energy modules, (2) strength testing of Air Inflated materials (3) thermal comfort tests un stage of Air Inflated pneumatic structures, (4) testing the effectiveness of using photovoltaic solar energy to drive in blowers. The tests were carried out at the University of Merdeka Malang Lab and Field Tests in Malang City and R provide reliable and satisfying results, including: a) speed of installation and demolition installations (23 minutes minutes inflatable roof, solar panel installation 15 minutes) , b) the required air pressure is only 0.7 psi to set up an the tensile strength of PVC tarpaulin material reaches 312 kg / cm 2 , d) 4 solar panels each with a capacity of 100 wp w in the form of a 100 AH battery 12 V and 1000 W converter in bright conditions produce a minimum of 11.6 Amp, 1 energy needs to drive inflatable stage roof blowers and portable sound systems, and f) comfort under the inflatab temperature of 35 0 C. The portable stage and the practical and fast-build inflatable stage roof are expected to become a facilities for SME Exhibition on a national scale.

Prefabrication as a technology that has long been used in Europe, have a big potential to help fulfill the housing backlog in Indonesia. Project time and cost efficiency along with multiple other benefits have proven that prefabrication system is a valid alternative to the conventional construction system. One of the biggest problem delaying the implementation was the perception of construction practitioners and home buyers about the structural and visual quality, and a prefabricated home owners’satisfaction when compared to a conventionally built home owners’. Faster, Better, Cheaper concept may be the guide to planning a house building project that can be finished faster, be more cost efficient, while achieving higher user satisfaction.

The development of the city has made a lot of agricultural land turned into residential land and other urban facilities so that agricultural land becomes increasingly narrow so that it can weaken the food safety program. Another way is needed to utilize narrow land in an effort to develop agricultural products, namely by farming and maintaining fish hydroganic. Hydroganic comes from the words "Hydro" and "Organic" which are defined as organic cultivation systems by combining the hydro system and the organic system. The main source of nutrition from hydroganic is obtained from solid and liquid organic fertilizer and fish pond water that is treated as plant nutrition. The Hydroganic Technology Dissemination Program with independent electricity sources from solar power plants was carried out in Flower Village Grangsil, Jambangan Village, Dampit District, Malang Regency. Communities that are the perpetrators of the activities are the Tourism Awareness Group "Flower Village Grangsil" and the "Syakura Arum" Farmer Women's Group. The research method uses a descriptive qualitative method, beginning with the design, the creation of an Independent Energy Hydroganic Greenhouse and the planting of vegetables and fish stocking. Retrieval of data in the form of observations and documentation of photos and videos on activities: a) lectures and discussions; b) practice of making bamboo structures greenhouses; c) the practice of installing hydroganic plants; d) the practice of installing solar power plants; e) Hydroganic vegetable and fish growing practices. Through this program the construction of a tunnel-shaped greenhouse with bamboo structure has been carried out successfully, 2 (two) hydroganic farming facilities complete with fish ponds, 1 (one) solar power generation unit consisting of 4 solar panels each with a capacity of 100 wp with energy storage in the form of a 100 AH 12 V battery and a 1000 WH inverter in sunny conditions producing a minimum of 13.6 Amp, 18.8 V can meet the energy needs to drive the water circulation pump and greenhouse lighting lamps and the surrounding environment. Planting sla and mustard greens as well as spreading catfish and tilapia in mid-August 2019, lettuce vegetables can be harvested at the end of September 2019. The success that can be seen is that when farmers cannot grow vegetables in dry land, the vegetable plants in this hydroganic greenhouse remain fertile and healthy because water circulation occurs continuously. Tunnel-shaped greenhouse with bamboo structure using independent energy for hydropower farming is very practical, efficient and quick to build and can be planted with vegetables and spread fish throughout the year without pause is expected to be a prototype of modern agricultural and fishery facilities without relying on the rainy or dry season in the framework of the program increase national scale food safety.

Applied Research with objects of the SME Exhibition Stage in the form of portable stage buildings with in roofs using PVC Tarpaulin fabric material. These facilities can be built, dismantled and moved to other locations eas and lightly with independent energy sources (photovoltaic solar energy systems). The research objective is to develop s means of exhibiting SME products that fulfill aesthetic aspects, strength, speed, effectiveness, comfort and energ encourage the development of creative economy SMEs. The research method used the Experimental Method and beginning with the development of design, manufacture and testing of portable stage models with pneumatic air infla Independent Energy, including: (1) speed test of the manufacture, transport, assembly, installation, dismantling inflated structures and solar energy modules, (2) strength testing of Air Inflated materials (3) thermal comfort tests un stage of Air Inflated pneumatic structures, (4) testing the effectiveness of using photovoltaic solar energy to drive in blowers. The tests were carried out at the University of Merdeka Malang Lab and Field Tests in Malang City and R provide reliable and satisfying results, including: a) speed of installation and demolition installations (23 minutes minutes inflatable roof, solar panel installation 15 minutes) , b) the required air pressure is only 0.7 psi to set up an the tensile strength of PVC tarpaulin material reaches 312 kg / cm 2 , d) 4 solar panels each with a capacity of 100 wp w in the form of a 100 AH battery 12 V and 1000 W converter in bright conditions produce a minimum of 11.6 Amp, 1 energy needs to drive inflatable stage roof blowers and portable sound systems, and f) comfort under the inflatab temperature of 35 0 C. The portable stage and the practical and fast-build inflatable stage roof are expected to become a facilities for SME Exhibition on a national scale.