Bibliographic Databases

The internet and social networking sites play a significant role in the marketing, sale and the distribution of drugs. The internet is being used both as a source of information and communication but also as a tool to disseminate drug-related websites and sell controlled substances without prescriptions. Our review aims to obtain knowledge concerning the profile of the online drug consumer and the determinants of internet preference. PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus databases were searched without any language limitations by using a set of keywords. For each set of keywords we evaluated all articles providing socio-demographic characteristics of online drug consumers; reasons for purchasing online drugs; risks related to the online shopping of medicaments and features of illicit/legitimate commercial sites. All data has been analysed and compared for these specified clusters. Results report a majority of Caucasian males in their twenties, both in internet users and drug user/abusers. Several studies reported that the men usually perceive less risks, are more likely to turn to the internet as a source of prescription drugs and, subsequently, more likely to buy drugs and illegal substances online. On the other hand, women were noted as more likely to search for health information. The protection of identity by screen pseudonyms, variety and quality of product listings, selection of vendors based on review feedbacks, reduced personal risks, forum activity and the availability of a service for prescriptiononly drugs stimulate the growth and development of both OPs and drug marketplaces.

Introduction Venlafaxine is one of the most frequently prescribed antidepressants worldwide, despite its toxicity risk in overdose. Furthermore, the molecule has been recently identified at the EU-wide level as one of the novel psychoactive substances. This paper aims at investigating the potential of misuse, taking into account both the existing literature and the analysis of the misusers' experiences as described in venlafaxine misuse web reports. Methods A literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, and Medline. Posts/threads relating to venlafaxine misuse issues were identified through Google® and Yahoo® English-language searches. Resulting websites' data were then qualitatively assessed, and information was collected on a range of issues, including dosage, drug intake modalities, untoward drug effects, and association with other recreational drugs. Results A few literature case reports focusing on venlafaxine as a misusing drug were here identified. The molecule was here typically ingested or snorted at dosages up to 10-15 times higher than those clinically advised, obtaining MDMA/amphetamine-like stimulant and psychedelic effects. Polydrug misuse was commonly reported. Venlafaxine appeared to be widely available online for sale. Conclusions Physicians should carefully evaluate patients for history of drug dependence and observe them for signs of venlafaxine misuse.

Cholinesterases are targets for organophosphorus compounds which are used as insecticides, chemical warfare agents and drugs for the treatment of disease such as glaucoma, or parasitic infections. The widespread use of these chemicals explains the growing of this area of research and the ever increasing number of sequences, structures, or biochemical data available. Future advances will depend upon effective management of existing information as well as upon creation of new knowledge. The ESTHER database goal is to facilitate retrieval and comparison of data about structure and function of proteins presenting the a/b hydrolase fold. Protein engineering and in vitro production of enzymes allow direct comparison of biochemical parameters. Kinetic parameters of enzymatic reactions are now included in the database. These parameters can be searched and compared with a table construction tool. ESTHER can be reached through internet (). The full database or the specialised X-window Client-server system can be downloaded from our ftp server (). Forms can be used to send updates or corrections directly from the web.

The HomBRex database indexes basic research on homeopathy (www.carstensstiftung.de/hombrex). It includes research on effects of homeopathic preparations in bioassays and physico-chemical effects of the homeopathic preparation process (potentization). At the end of 2006 it contained more than 1100 experiments in more than 900 original articles, including 1014 biological studies. The types of organisms used as laboratory ''model'' organisms in fundamental homeopathic research include animal, human, plant, fungi and microbial organisms. Most animal studies (607) were with rats (209) or mice (171). Most plant studies (171) were with wheat (52). The database catalogues whether the experiment was performed on intact organisms or in organs or cells, isolated and analyzed for changes in structure, function and subcellular composition. The database might be especially useful to facilitate a search for experimental models that have been used in the study of both proving and therapeutic experiments-ultimately in the research on the homeopathic similia principle. Homeopathy (2007) 96, 247-251.

The review concluded that occupational health and safety training positively affected worker behaviours, but there was insufficient evidence of the effect on health, attitudes and beliefs, and knowledge. The review was generally well conducted, and the authors' conclusions appropriately acknowledge the limitations in the evidence base and seem reliable. To determine the effectiveness of occupational health and safety training, and to determine whether higher engagement training was more effective than lower engagement training. Ten databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO searched from 1996 to November 2007 for articles in English or French. Search terms were reported. Reference lists were checked and experts contacted.

Summary: VTag is an application for identifying the type, genomic location and genomic state-change of acquired genomic aberrations described in text. The application uses a machine learning technique called conditional random fields. VTag was tested with 345 training and 200 evaluation documents pertaining to cancer genetics. Our experiments resulted in 0.8541 precision, 0.7870 recall and 0.8192 F-measure on the evaluation set. Availability: The software is available at http://www.cis.upenn.edu/group/datamining/software_dist/biosfier/.

Purpose: In this literature review we evaluated the feasibility and clinimetric quality of quality-of-life (QoL) measurement instruments suitable for use in palliative care. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review to identify instruments measuring (at least one domain of) QoL. We selected articles that present data on patients receiving palliative care and at least one measurement property. A checklist was used to describe the characteristics of the instruments, and a widely accepted rating list was used to evaluate the clinimetric aspects. Results: 29 instruments were identified and evaluated, most of which were targeted at palliative patients in general. None of the instruments demonstrated satisfactory results for all measurement properties. Fourteen instruments received positive ratings for construct validity. Thirteen instruments were tested for reliability, but only two were tested adequately and had positive results (ICC>0.70). Responsiveness was not tested ad...

This systematic review provides a synthesis of the growing fıeld of public health systems research related to the structure and organization of state and local governmental public health agencies. It includes an overview of research examining the influence of organizational characteristics on public health performance and health status and a summary of the strengths and gaps of the literature to date. Evidence acquisition: Data were retrieved through an iterative process, beginning with key word searches in three publication databases (PubMed, JSTOR, Web of Science). Gray literature was searched through the use of Google Scholar TM . Targeted searches on websites and key authors were also performed. Documents underwent an initial and secondary screening; they were retained if they contained information about local or state public health structure, organization, governance, and fınancing. Evidence synthesis: 77 articles met the study criteria. Public health services are delivered by a mix of local, state, and tribal governmental and nongovernmental agencies and delivered through centralized (28%); decentralized (37%); or combined authority (35%). The majority of studies focused on organizational characteristics that are associated with public health performance based on the 10 Essential Public Health Services framework. Population size of jurisdiction served (Ͼ50,000); structure of authority (decentralized and mixed); per capita spending at the local level; some partnerships (academic, health services); and leadership of agency directors have been found to be related to public health performance. Fewer studies examined the relationship between organizational characteristics and health outcomes. Improvements in health outcomes are associated with an increase in local health department expenditures, FTEs per capita, and location of health department within local networks. Conclusions: Public health systems in the U.S. face a number of critical challenges, including limited organizational capacity and fınancial resources. Evidence on the relationship of public health organization, performance, and health outcomes is limited. Public health systems are diffıcult to characterize and categorize consistently for cross-jurisdictional studies. Progress has been made toward creating standard terminology. Multi-site studies that include a mix of system types (e.g., centralized, decentralized) and local or state characteristics (e.g., urban, rural) are needed to refıne existing categorizations that can be used in examining studies of public health agency performance.

The 6-minute walk test (6MWT) is frequently used as an outcome measure for clinical trials in neuromuscular disease. Since this submaximal endurance test is not feasible for non-ambulatory patients, the motor-assisted 6-minute cycling test (a6MCT) was developed. Nineteen children with neuromuscular disorders and children with OXPHOS-dysfunction performed the a6MCT and the 6MWT to explore feasibility and construct validity. Test-retest reproducibility was evaluated within 3 weeks. The assisted 6-minute cycling test was feasible in 90% and 78% of the patients with a neuromuscular disorder and OXPHOS-dysfunction, respectively. The a6MCT for legs correlated with the 6MWT in both patient groups. The assisted 6-minute cycling showed good reproducibility for both legs and arms. This exploratory study indicates that the assisted 6-minute cycling test is a promising outcome measure for patients with a neuromuscular disorder and patients with OXPHOS-dysfunction. This article is protected by c...

Background-In schizophrenia patients, one of the most commonly studied deficits of social cognition is emotion processing (EP), which has documented links to facial recognition (FR). But, how are deficits in facial recognition linked to emotion processing deficits? Can neurocognitive and symptom correlates of FR and EP help differentiate the unique contribution of FR to the domain of social cognition? Methods-A meta-analysis of 102 studies (combined n = 4826) in schizophrenia patients was conducted to determine the magnitude and pattern of relationships between facial recognition, emotion processing, neurocognition, and type of symptom. Results-Meta-analytic results indicated that facial recognition and emotion processing are strongly interrelated (r = .51). In addition, the relationship between FR and EP through voice prosody (r = .58) is as strong as the relationship between FR and EP based on facial stimuli (r = . 53). Further, the relationship between emotion recognition, neurocognition, and symptoms is independent of the emotion processing modality -facial stimuli and voice prosody. Discussion-The association between FR and EP that occurs through voice prosody suggests that FR is a fundamental cognitive process. The observed links between FR and EP might be due to bottom-up associations between neurocognition and EP, and not simply because most emotion recognition tasks use visual facial stimuli. In addition, links with symptoms, especially negative symptoms and disorganization, suggest possible symptom mechanisms that contribute to FR and EP deficits.

Background-Neurocognitive functioning in schizophrenia has received considerable attention because of its robust prediction of functional outcome. Psychiatric symptoms, in particular negative symptoms, have also been shown to predict functional outcome, but have garnered much less attention. The high degree of intercorrelation among all of these variables leaves unclear whether neurocognition has a direct effect on functional outcome or whether that relationship to functional outcome is partially mediated by symptoms. Methods-A meta-analysis of 73 published English language studies (total n = 6519) was conducted to determine the magnitude of the relationship between neurocognition and symptoms, and between symptoms and functional outcome. A model was tested in which symptoms mediate the relationship between neurocognition and functional outcome. Functional outcome involved measures of social relationships, school and work functioning, and laboratory assessments of social skill. Results-Although negative symptoms were found to be significantly related to neurocognitive functioning (p < .01) positive symptoms were not (p = .97). The relationship was moderate for negative symptoms (r=-.24, n = 4757, 53 studies), but positive symptoms were not at all related to neurocogniton (r = .00, n= 1297, 25 studies). Negative symptoms were significantly correlated with ☆ The findings from this meta-analysis were presented in part at the 10th bi-annual meeting of the International Congress on Schizophrenia

from where he also received his MSc and PhD in Rehabilitation Sciences. As medical specialties, he is board certified both in Physiatry (Physical Rehabilitation) and Acupuncture. Currently, he is President of the Medical Spiritist Association of S. Paulo and Director Member at the Medical College of Acupuncture of S. Paulo. Besides his work as a physician, he develops activities in scientific publication, is on the editorial boards of some medical journals, delivers technical lectures, and participates in scholar tasks. His fields of interest are acupuncture, rehabilitation, complementary therapies, and spirituality in health.

Introduction: Advanced paternal age (APA) is a reported risk factor for schizophrenia in the offspring. We performed a meta-analysis of this association, considering the effect of gender and study design. Methods: We identified articles by searching Pub Med, PsychInfo, ISI, and EMBASE, and the reference lists of identified studies. Previously unpublished data from the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort (NFBC 1966) study were also included. Results: There were 6 cohort studies and 6 case-control studies that met the inclusion criteria. In both study designs, there was a significant increase in risk of schizophrenia in the offspring of older fathers ( ‡30) compared to a reference paternal age of 25-29, with no gender differences. The relative risk (RR) in the oldest fathers ( ‡50) was 1.66 [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.46-1.89, P < 0.01]. A significant increase in risk was also found for younger fathers (<25) in males (RR 5 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02-1.14, P 5 0.01) but not females (RR 5 1.04, 95% CI: 0.97-1.14, P 5 0.28). The population attributable risk percentage (PAR%) was 10% for paternal age ‡30 and 5% for paternal age <25. Discussion: Both APA ( ‡30) and younger paternal age (<25) increase the risk of schizophrenia; younger paternal age may be associated with an increased risk in males but not females. This risk factor increases the risk of schizophrenia as much as any single candidate gene of risk. The mechanism of these associations is not known and may differ for older and younger fathers.

This paper discuss the potentials of research data management services in academic libraries in general with emphasis on academic libraries in Nigeria. It summarizes the research data management life cycle to include: data creation; data collection and description, data storage; data archiving and preservation; data access; data discovery and analysis, and data reuse and transformation. The paper further identified research data management tools and applications, such as DMPonline, Data Asset framework, Collaborative Assessment of Research Data Infrastructure and Objectives (CARDIO), and Curation cost exchange. Specifically, the paper examines some skills requirements for research data management in academic libraries. Among the challenges facing effective research data management services identified in this paper include technology obsolescence, technology fragility; Lack of guidelines on good practice; Inadequate financial and human resources to manage data well, and Lack of evidence about best infrastructures.

Plant diseases lead to significant yield losses in agricultural production, creating profound impacts in social, economic, and commercial domains. This study aims to examine in detail the historical development of phytopathology from the Ottoman Empire to Republican Turkey. The primary goal of the research is to shed light on the global history of plant pathology while addressing key milestones in the field and developments specific to Turkey. In particular, the invention of the microscope in the 17th century, the potato blight crisis in Ireland in the 19th century, and the impact of World War I in the early 20th century on the development of phytopathology are emphasized. Following the scientific and technological advancements in the West during the Ottoman modernization process played a crucial role in the development of phytopathology in Turkey. Although agricultural education began during the Ottoman period with the Tanzimat reforms, institutional shortcomings and the lack of sustainable policies prevented lasting progress during this process. During the Republic period, phytopathology education underwent a process of modernization, facilitating the advancement of significant scientific research in the discipline. Starting from the 1950s, phytopathology departments were established in universities, where relevant courses were offered, and extensive research was conducted in collaboration with agricultural pest control institutes. This process reveals how phytopathology evolved within Turkey's educational and bureaucratic structure and its effects on society. Öz Bitki hastalıkları, tarımsal üretimde önemli verim kayıplarına yol açarak, toplumsal, ekonomik ve ticari alanlarda derin etkiler yaratmaktadır. Bu çalışma, fitopatolojinin Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'ndan Cumhuriyet dönemi Türkiye'sini de kapsayan tarihsel gelişimini detaylı bir şekilde incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmanın temel amacı, fitopatolojinin küresel tarihine ışık tutarken, bu alandaki önemli dönüm noktalarını ve Türkiye özelinde yaşanan gelişmeleri ele almaktır. Özellikle, 17. yüzyılda mikroskobun icadı, 19. yüzyılda İrlanda'da meydana gelen patates mildyösü krizi ve 20. yüzyılın başındaki Birinci Dünya Savaşı'nın fitopatolojinin gelişimindeki etkileri vurgulanmaktadır. Osmanlı modernleşmesi sürecinde Batı'daki bil imsel ve teknik ilerlemelerin takip edilmesi, Türkiye'deki fitopatolojinin gelişiminde belirleyici bir rol oynamıştır. Tanzimat reformlarıyla birlikte Osmanlı döneminde tarım eğitimi başlamış olsa da, kurumsal eksiklikler ve sürdürülebilir politikaların olmaması nedeniyle bu süreçte kalıcı bir gelişim sağlanamamıştır. Cumhuriyet döneminde ise, fitopatoloji eğitimi modern leşme sürecine girmiştir ve bu alanda önemli bilimsel çalışmalar gerçekleştirilmiştir. 1950'lerden itibaren üniversitelerde fitopatoloji anabilim dalları kurularak, ilgili dersler verilmiş ve zirai mücadele enstitüleriyle iş birliği içinde kapsamlı araştırmalar yapılmıştır. Bu süreç, fitopatolojinin Türkiye'deki eğitim ve bürokratik yapı içinde nasıl evrildiğini ve toplum üzerindeki etkilerini ortaya koymaktadır.

Objective: To analyze the usefulness of MEDLINE and EMBASE biomedical databases in rehabilitation and to identify descriptors and text words necessary to do a comprehensive search. Methods: We looked for articles published since 1990 relating to neurologic, orthopedic, respiratory, urologic, and rheumatologic rehabilitation. We looked for all descriptors and text words pertinent to rehabilitation and linked them with "cross-over." Results: We found 165 articles in MEDLINE and 159 in EMBASE with an overlap of only 17% of articles. Only 32% of the articles in MEDLINE and 35% in EMBASE were relevant. Of the 214 nonoverlapping articles, 84% were published in journals present in both databases, but were indexed differently. Conclusion: At least two databases must be used to ensure a comprehensive literature search. Searching in EMBASE after MEDLINE we gained 25 articles (32%). Bibliographic search in rehabilitation is particularly complex because of the heterogeneity of the subject matter. Cooperation between an information professional and a clinician is essential to ensure a comprehensive search.

Aim—This paper is a report of a study of the correlates of mammogram use among Korean American women. Background—Despite the increasing incidence of and mortality from breast cancer, Asian women in the United States of America report consistently low rates of mammography screening. A number of health beliefs and sociodemographic characteristics have been associated with mammogram participation among these women; however, studies systematically investigating cultural factors in relation to mammogram experience have been scarce. Methods—We measured screening-related health beliefs, modesty and use of Eastern medicine in 100 Korean American women in 2006. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to examine the unique contribution of the study variables, after accounting for sociodemographic characteristics. Findings—Only 51 % reported past mammogram use. Korean American women who had previously had mammograms were statistically significantly older and had higher perceived benefit scor...

Introduction. In 2023, amidst a period of profound relativisation and denial of Fundamental Rights, Chile commemorated 50 years of the civil-military dictatorship. During the October 2019 revolt, serious human rights violations were committed by agents of the State, most of which have not reached judicial closure. In this context, the latest survey of the National Institute of Human Rights indicates that the population negatively perceives the country' s guarantee and protection of human rights. This factor is relevant considering three decades of transitional justice and the human rights commitments

Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are systematically developed statements to assist practitioner and patient decisions about appropriate healthcare for specific clinical circumstances. There is a limited number of studies on guidelines in Turkey. The quality of Ministry of Health guidelines have formerly been assessed whereas there is no information on the other guidelines developed in the country. This study aims to assess the quality of CPGs that are developed by professional societies that work for the health sector in Turkey, and compare the findings with international guidelines.

Лектор и коректор радова на српском језику Марија Селаковић Kоректура резимеа на енглеском језику Clare McGinn Zubac Превод и коректура резимеа на руском језику Светлана Гољак, Эльвира Анатольевна Сорокина Коректура радова на руском језику Эльвира Анатольевна Сорокина Припрема за штампу Милан Тасић Тираж 400 примерака Штампа Службени гласник, Београд © Српска академија наука и уметности, 2017 САДРЖАЈ Уводно слово .

Bu calisma, Turkiye’nin Akdeniz Bolgesinde bulunan 8 ilde gerceklesmistir (Adana, Antalya, Burdur, Hatay, Icel, Isparta, K.Maras ve Osmaniye). Calismada elde edilen veriler, 2005 yilinda 198 alabalik ciftliginden yuzyuze anket yoluyla elde edilmistir. Bu calisma, alabalik ciftliklerinin sosyo-ekonomik gostergelerinin belirlenmesi ve bazi sorunlarinin cozumlerine yonelik olarak hazirlanmistir. Calisma kapsaminda anket sonuclari balik ciftliklerinin demografik, sosyal ve ekonomik ozelliklerine gore siniflandirilmistir. Oncelikle, alabalik ciftcileri orta yas sinifinda (%66,5), lise ve oncesi okullarda egitilmis (%78,3) olduklari saptanmistir. Alabalik ciftlikleri, mulkiyet yapisina gore ise genellikle mulk tipi isletmeler oldugu gorulmektedir (%76,8). Ekonomik anlamda, ciftciler balikciligi karada bulunan havuzlarda (%87,9) yurutmektedirler ve bu havuzlarin kapasitesi 2-16 ton (% 62,6) arasinda degismektedir. Ciftcilerin finansman kaynaklari oncelikle ozsermayeleridir (%78,8). Istihda...

Depot antipsychotic medication is used widely in the treatment medication is used widely in the treatment and prophylaxis of severe mental illness. and prophylaxis of severe mental illness. To review the literature on patient and nurse satisfaction with, and attitudes and nurse satisfaction with, and attitudes towards, depots. towards, depots. Method Asystematicsearchof Medline, Asystematicsearchof Medline, Embase,PsycINFO,CINAHL and Embase,PsycINFO,CINAHL and The The Cochrane Library Cochrane Library wasundertaken, along wasundertaken, along withcitation searches.Studieswere withcitation searches.Studieswere selectedif satisfaction/attitude datawere selectedif satisfaction/attitude datawere describedinthetitleorabstractandoriginal describedinthetitleorabstractandoriginal datawereincluded.Studyquality wasrated. datawereincluded.Studyquality wasrated. The search produced1374 articles; 22 articles metthe inclusion articles; 22 articles metthe inclusion criteria,18 of which were cross-sectional criteria,18 of which were cross-sectional surveys.Of the12 studies with relevant surveys.Of the12 studies with relevant data,10 conveyed a positive opinion of data,10 conveyed a positive opinion of depot medication.Five out of six studies depot medication.Five out of six studies comparing depot with oral medication comparing depot with oral medication showed patient preference for depot. showed patient preference for depot. High-quality data examining patient and nurse attitudes examining patient and nurse attitudes regarding depot antipsychotics are sparse. regarding depot antipsychotics are sparse. What data there are show a positive What data there are show a positive attitude to depots from patients.Future attitude to depots from patients.Future randomised controlled trials should randomised controlled trials should include satisfaction as an outcome. include satisfaction as an outcome.

This study was carried out in olive orchards in Adana, Gaziantep, Hatay, Osmaniye, KahramanmaraĢ, Kilis and Mersin provinces of the eastern Mediterranean region between the years 2008-2010. In this study, it was aimed to determine parasitoid and predator species of Olive leaf moth [Palpita unionalis (Hübn.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)] which is an important olive pest. At the end of the study, totally 30 numbers beneficial species from 9 parasitoids and 21 predators of P. unionalis were determined. Among these predators, Anthocoris nemoralis (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) and Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysophidae), as parasitoids of it; Trichogramma evanescens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and Apanteles brunnistigma Abdinbekova (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) were found as important predators and parasitoits. Here we report a new record for parasitoit A. brunnistigma on P. unionalis in the word.

The availability of web search engines provides opportunities in addition to those provided by bibliographic databases for identifying academic literature, but their usefulness for retrieving research is uncertain. A rigorous literature search was undertaken to investigate whether web search engines might replace bibliographic databases, using empirical research in health and social care as a case study. Eight databases and five web search engines were searched between 20 July and 6 August 2015. Sixteen unique studies that compared at least one database with at least one web search engine were examined, as well as drawing lessons from the authors' own search process. Web search engines were limited in that the searcher cannot be certain that the principles of Boolean logic will apply and they were more limited than bibliographic databases in their functions such as exporting abstracts. Recommendations are made for improving the rigour and quality of reporting studies of academic literature searching.

Bu çalışma ile Erzurum ve çevresinde patates bitkisinde 7 fa milyaya ait '23 heteropter türünün varlığı saptanmıştır. Bunlar içe risinde en yoğun populasyonu Exolyqus rugulipennis (Popp.) oluş turmakta, ıbunu Polymerus coqnatus (Bb.) ve Orthotylus flavosparsus (C.Sb.) izlemektedir.

Purpose: This study addressed two questions: first, what is the yield of PubMed MEDLINE for CAM studies compared to other databases; second, what is an effective search strategy to answer a sample research question on spinal palpation? We formulated the following research question: "What is the reliability of spinal palpation procedures?" We identified specific Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and key terms as used in osteopathic medicine, allopathic medicine, chiropractic, and physical therapy. Using PubMed, we formulated an initial search template and applied it to 12 additional selected databases. Subsequently we applied the inclusion criteria and evaluated the yield in terms of precision and sensitivity in identifying relevant studies. The online search result of the 13 databases identified 1189 citations potentially addressing the research question. After excluding overlapping and non-pertinent citations, and those not meeting the inclusion criteria, 49 citations remained. PubMed yielded 19 while MANTIS, a manual therapy database, yielded 35 citations. Twenty-six of the 49 online citations were repeatedly indexed in 3 or more databases. Content experts and selective manual searches identified 11 additional studies. In all, we identified 60 studies that addressed the research question. The cost of the databases used for conducting this search ranged from free-of-charge to $43,000 per year for a single network subscription. Commonly used databases often do not provide accurate indexing or coverage of CAM publications. Subject-specific specialized databases are recommended. Access, cost, and ease of using specialized databases, are limiting factors.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the Electronic Journal of Educational Research (REDIE) on its path towards the common manner of scientific dissemination. This research presents the evolution of Mexican policy with regards to the journals, the situation of the Educational Research Mexican journals, and its profundity relating to REDIE. In its evolution, there were three moments that stood out the most: the standardization of quality criteria, the digitalization and open access of the scientific journals, those that came together with REDIE like REDALYC and LATINDEX , and the individual initiatives of those journals that motivated the development of the scientific dissemination in Mexico. The investigation concludes with the realization of the necessity of achieving agreement on the efforts of various principal actors: governmental bodies, institutions, and academic communities.

External morphology of the eggs of Coron us contrarius Reuter, 1881 (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) The eggs of Coronus contrarius Reuter, 1881 were studied with light and scanning electron microscopes. The females were collected Ankara-Sereflikochisar, Evren town (Turkey) and maintained under laboratory conditions. Eggs were laid singly in cotton batting and were usually well seperated from each other. The cylindirical-shaped eggs are in average 1.8±O.Ol mm long and O.7±O.Ol mm wide. Eggs have slightly concave and convex side. There is a cap region in the end of egg. Operculum is located in the cap region. A micropylar opening is found in the middle of operculum. Egg bursters are membranous structures.

Разработка приложения осуществляется на базе графической платформы Unity 5. Данное приложение будет включать в себя алфавит, словарь жестов и переводчик текстов. С его помощью возможно уменьшение проблем в общении глухим людей.Application development is based on the graphics platform Unity 5. This application will include the alphabet, vocabulary, gestures, and text translator. With its help it is possible to reduce communication problems for deaf people

From the whole plant of Klainedoxa gabonenses betulinic acid (1), lupeol (2), ß-sitosterol (3), βamyran-3-one (4) and 3,3',4'-triO -methylellagic acid (5) were isolated. Similarly paullinomide A (6), β-amyrin (7), 2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxymethyl-2,3-dihydro-1,4,5-trioxaphenanthren-6-one (8), 5αporiferastane-3ß,6α-diol (9), β-sitosterol (3), l-quebrachitol (10), and ß-sitosterol glucopyranoside (11) were isolated from roots of Paullinia pinnata. Preliminary studies showed that 2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3hydroxymethyl-2,3-dihydro-1,4,5-trioxaphenanthren-6-one (8) showed moderate algicidal activity against the alga Chlorella fusca

BACKGROUND-Sporadic-onset ataxia is common in a tertiary care setting but a significant percentage remains unidentified despite extensive evaluation. Rare genetic ataxias, reported only in specific populations or families, may contribute to a percentage of sporadic ataxia. METHODS-Patients with adult-onset sporadic ataxia, who tested negative for common genetic ataxias (SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, SCA6, SCA7, and/or Friedreich ataxia), were evaluated using a stratified screening approach for variants in seven rare ataxia genes. RESULTS-We screened patients for published mutations in SYNE1 (n=80) and TGM6 (n=118), copy number variations in LMNB1 (n=40) and SETX (n=11), sequence variants in SACS (n=39) and PDYN (n=119), and the pentanucleotide insertion of spinocerebellar ataxia type 31 (n=101). Overall, we identified one patient with a LMNB1 duplication, one patient with a PDYN variant, and one compound SACS heterozygote, including a novel variant. CONCLUSIONS-The rare genetic ataxias examined here do not significantly contribute to sporadic cerebellar ataxia in our tertiary care population.

This study has been conducted to determine Bemisia species in Adana province and surroundings of Turkey and totally 259 samples were collected from different host plants in 2015-2016. According to identification results, Bemisia afer Priesner & Hosny, B. argentifolii Bellows & Perring, B. berbericola Cockerell, B. giffardii Kotinsky, B. graminus David & Winstone, B. hancocki Corbett, B. iole Danzig, B. mesasiatica Danzig, B. tabaci Gennadius and B. tuberculata Bondar were determined during this study. B. berbericola, B. iole and B. mesasiatica were the first reports for Turkish Aleyrodidae fauna.

Azita Malmir (Corresponding author) M.A. of LIS, Shahid Beheshti University [email protected] Received: 3 July, 2010; Accepted: 8 May, 2011 Abstract Purpose: This study was carried out to determine the level of precision, recall, and searching time for “Nama” and “Namayeh” databases, as well as to find out which of the indexing tools (thesaurus and Dewey decimal classification) helps us more in improvement of information retrieval. Methodology: This study is an analytical survey in which the necessary data was collected by direct observation of the resources in “Nama” and “Namayeh” paper databases. The population under study included the articles which were indexed in both “Nama” and “Namayeh” databases in the two fields of LIS and history (610 papers), among which 240 papers were chosen by random partial sampling. Findings: The obtained results indicate that the level of precision (in the two mentioned fields) in “Nama” and “Namayeh” databases is 56% and 40%, respectively. Also, ...

Background-Systematic reviews typically require searching for, retrieving, and screening a large volume of literature, yet little guidance is available on how to manage this volume. Purpose-We detail methods used to search for and manage the yield of relevant citations for a mixed-methods mixed research synthesis study focused on the intersection between family life and childhood chronic physical conditions. Method-We designed inclusive search strings and searched nine bibliographic databases to identify relevant research regardless of methodological origin. We customized searches to individual databases, developed workarounds for transferring large volumes of citations and eliminating duplicate citations using reference management software, and used this software as a portal to select citations for inclusion or exclusion. We identified 67,555 citations, retrieved and screened 3,617 reports, and selected 802 reports for inclusion. Discussion/Conclusions-Systematic reviews require search procedures to allow consistent and comprehensive approaches and the ability to work around technical obstacles.

A. PAOLO, J. RYAN, & A. TROSTER. Demographically Based Regression Equations to Estimate WAIS-R Subtest Scaled Scores. The WAIS-R and elderly VVAIS-R standardization samples were combined to develop demographically based regression equations to predict subtest scaled scores. Equations generated from a development sample cross-validated well and final equations were generated from the entire sample of 2010 persons. The final equations demonstrated adequate ability to suggest possible subtest decline in a sample of 247 persons with confirmed brain dysfunction. Abnormal cutoff scores at the 10% level were provided to assist clinicians in the detection of abnormal discrepancies between the estimated and obtained subtest scaled scores.

Background: Systematic reviews often investigate the effectiveness of interventions for one sex. However, identifying interventions with data presented according to the sex of study participants can be challenging due to suboptimal indexing in bibliographic databases and poor reporting in titles and abstracts. The purposes of this study were to develop a highly sensitive search filter to identify literature relevant to men's health and to assess the performance of a range of sex-specific search terms used individually and in various combinations. Methods: Comprehensive electronic searches were undertaken across a range of databases to inform a series of systematic reviews investigating obesity management for men. The included studies formed a reference standard set. A set of sex-specific search terms, identified from database-specific controlled vocabularies and from natural language used in the titles and abstracts of relevant papers, was investigated in MEDLINE and Embase. Sensitivity, precision, number needed to read (NNR) and percent reduction in results compared to searching without sex-specific terms were calculated. The reference standard set comprised 57 papers in MEDLINE and 63 in Embase. Seven sex-specific search terms were identified. Searching without sex-specific terms returned 31,897 results in MEDLINE and 37,351 in Embase and identified 84% (MEDLINE) and 83% (Embase) of the reference standard sets. The best performing individual sex-specific term achieved 100%/98% sensitivity (MEDLINE/Embase), NNR 544/609 (MEDLINE/Embase) and reduced the number of results by 18%/17% (MEDLINE/Embase), relative to searching without sex-specific terms. The best performing filter, compromising different combinations of controlled vocabulary terms and natural language, achieved higher sensitivity (MEDLINE and Embase 100%), greater reduction in number of results (MEDLINE/Embase 24%/20%) and greater reduction in NNR (MEDLINE/Embase 506/578) than the best performing individual sex-specific term. Conclusions: The proposed MEDLINE and Embase filters achieved high sensitivity and a reduction in the number of search results and NNR, indicating that they are useful tools for efficient, comprehensive literature searching but their performance is partially dependent on the appropriate use of database controlled vocabularies and index terms.

For genetic research to contribute more fully to furthering our knowledge of neuropathic pain, we require an agreed, valid, and feasible approach to phenotyping, to allow collaboration and replication in samples of sufficient size. Results from genetic studies on neuropathic pain have been inconsistent and have met with replication difficulties, in part because of differences in phenotypes used for case ascertainment. Because there is no consensus on the nature of these phenotypes, nor on the methods of collecting them, this study aimed to provide guidelines on collecting and reporting phenotypes in cases and controls for genetic studies. Consensus was achieved through a staged approach: (1) systematic literature review to identify all neuropathic pain phenotypes used in previous genetic studies; (2) Delphi survey to identify the most useful neuropathic pain phenotypes and their validity and feasibility; and (3) meeting of experts to reach consensus on the optimal phenotype(s) to be...

Consumers of research (researchers, administrators, educators and clinicians) frequently use standard critical appraisal tools to evaluate the quality of published research reports. However, there is no consensus regarding the most appropriate critical appraisal tool for allied health research. We summarized the content, intent, construction and psychometric properties of published, currently available critical appraisal tools to identify common elements and their relevance to allied health research. A systematic review was undertaken of 121 published critical appraisal tools sourced from 108 papers located on electronic databases and the Internet. The tools were classified according to the study design for which they were intended. Their items were then classified into one of 12 criteria based on their intent. Commonly occurring items were identified. The empirical basis for construction of the tool, the method by which overall quality of the study was established, the psychometric...

Objectives: This study synthesized current research evidence on the effectiveness of physiotherapy for the management of children diagnosed with complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (CRPS-1), to provide up-to-date physiotherapy treatment recommendations, and to identify areas that require further investigation. Methods: Nine electronic databases were searched for quantitative studies that evaluated the effect of physiotherapy on children with CRPS-1. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated using the Critical Review Form. Data were extracted regarding the study design, participant characteristics, types of outcome measures used, and physiotherapy technique used and its effectiveness. The search strategy identified 303 potential studies, of which 12 met the inclusion criteria (1 randomized controlled trial, 1 comparative study, 10 case series). The methodological quality of all studies was rated as poor to fair. The "stand-alone" value of physiotherapy could not be determined as physiotherapy was prescribed in conjunction with psychological and medical interventions. There is low volume and poor-to-fair quality evidence which suggests that physiotherapy prescribed with other interventions may lead to short-term improvement in the signs and symptoms of CRPS-1 or functional ability in children with CRPS-1, and the relapse rate may be moderately high. Discussion: High-quality studies are required in this area. These studies should evaluate a package of care (which includes physiotherapy); they should investigate the effects of physiotherapy treatments that have proven effectiveness in adults with CRPS-1; they should use psychometrically sound measures to evaluate outcome; and the nature of physiotherapy should be detailed in future publications to enable replication in the clinical setting.

Before undertaking new biomedical research, identifying concepts that have already been patented is essential. A traditional keyword-based search on patent databases may not be sufficient to retrieve all the relevant information, especially for the biomedical domain. This paper presents BioPatentMiner, a system that facilitates information retrieval and knowledge discovery from biomedical patents. The system first identifies biological terms and relations from the patents and then integrates the information from the patents with knowledge from biomedical ontologies to create a Semantic Web. Besides keyword search and queries linking the properties specified by one or more RDF triples, the system can discover semantic associations between the Web resources. The system also determines the importance of the resources to rank the results of a search and prevent information overload while determining the semantic associations.

Background: Reliable information extraction applications have been a long sought goal of the biomedical text mining community, a goal that if reached would provide valuable tools to benchside biologists in their increasingly difficult task of assimilating the knowledge contained in the biomedical literature. We present an integrated approach to concept recognition in biomedical text. Concept recognition provides key information that has been largely missing from previous biomedical information extraction efforts, namely direct links to well defined knowledge resources that explicitly cement the concept's semantics. The BioCreative II tasks discussed in this special issue have provided a unique opportunity to demonstrate the effectiveness of concept recognition in the field of biomedical language processing. Results: Through the modular construction of a protein interaction relation extraction system, we present several use cases of concept recognition in biomedical text, and relate these use cases to potential uses by the benchside biologist. Conclusion: Current information extraction technologies are approaching performance standards at which concept recognition can begin to deliver high quality data to the benchside biologist. Our system is available as part of the BioCreative Meta-Server project and on the internet http://bionlp.sourceforge.net. Background Early efforts in information extraction have focused primarily on identification of character strings and, for the most part, have not been adopted for use by biologists. We posit that a prominent factor in the biologist's reluctance to rely on current information extraction technologies is the ambiguity that remains in these extracted strings of text. For example, there are a multitude of tools that can extract gene names from text. This is a classic problem in biomedical natural language processing (BioNLP), and one that has been extensively studied [1,2]. Determining that a particular string of text in a larger document corresponds to a gene name is a challenging

Study Design. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials was performed. Summary of Background Data. Exercise therapy is a widely used treatment for low back pain. Objectives. To evaluate the effectiveness of exercise therapy for low back pain with regard to pain intensity, functional status, overall improvement, and return to work. Methods. The Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Medline, Embase, PsycLIT, and reference lists of articles were searched. Randomized trials testing all types of exercise therapy for subjects with nonspecific low back pain with or without radiation into the legs were included. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed trial quality. Because trials were considered heterogeneous with regard to study populations, interventions, and outcomes, it was decided not to perform a metaanalysis, but to summarize the results using a rating system of four levels of evidence: strong, moderate, limited, or none. Results. In this review, 39 trials were identified. There is strong evidence that exercise therapy is not more effective for acute low back pain than inactive or other active treatments with which it has been compared. There is conflicting evidence on the effectiveness of exercise therapy compared with inactive treatments for chronic low back pain. Exercise therapy was more effective than usual care by the general practitioner and just as effective as conventional physiotherapy for chronic low back pain. Conclusions. The evidence summarized in this systematic review does not indicate that specific exercises are effective for the treatment of acute low back pain. Exercises may be helpful for patients with chronic low back pain to increase return to normal daily activities and work.

, designing studies in this field is challenging. There are significant variations in the patient population as the condition is not uniform. There is considerable variation in selection criteria, age at surgery, choice of procedures, surgical techniques, and rehabilitation protocols. Undertaking a meaningful clinical trial of a non-standardised intervention on a non-homogeneous population represents a significant methodological problem. It is for this reason that prospective randomized trials in this area of clinical practice are scarce. 2,3 Dreher et al. have addressed these challenges by designing a study across three different centres. This allowed the cohort to increase in size, thus reducing the effects of the non-homogeneous population. The three participating centres followed remarkably similar protocols in their patient management. It is likely that there were local preferences and some diversity in individual centre practices. Despite this, the participation of three centres in this study is a very positive contribution to the quality of the paper, as its conclusions are more generalizable. The study of the Gait Profile Score, based on threedimensional gait data, as the main outcome in all three centres is helpful as it makes comparisons easy and understandable. Further to that, the minimal clinically important difference for the Gait Profile Score has been previously established and is based on a motor function scale. Therefore, the results (in terms of improvement, no change, or deterioration) are meaningful. To my knowledge, this is also the first study in this area of clinical practice which has used a formal description of surgical adverse events using an established tool such as the Modified Clavien-Dindo system.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Increased frequency of retractions has recently been observed, and retractions are important events that deserve scientific investigation. This study aimed to characterize cases of retraction within general and internal medicine in a high-profile database, with interest in the country of origin of the article and the impact factor (IF) of the journal in which the retraction was made. DESIGN AND SETTING: This study consisted of reviewing retraction notes in the Thomson-Reuters Web of Knowledge (WoK) indexing database, within general and internal medicine. METHODS: The retractions were classified as plagiarism/duplication, error, fraud and authorship problems and then aggregated into two categories: &quot;plagiarism/duplication&quot; and &quot;others.&quot; The countries of origin of the articles were dichotomized according to the median of the indicator &quot;citations per paper&quot; (CPP), and the IF was dichotomized according to its median within general and...