Banking Technology

The development of the web has made an incredible effect on our day by day lives. As of late, money related establishments worldwide have quickly moved from branch-based banking to online based administration conveyance changing the manner in which administrations are rendered to clients. Notwithstanding the sending of innovation driven administrations in the financial part, the selection of Internet banking particularly in creating nations, for example, Kenya is as yet an advancement. This paper means to investigate the elements that may impact or upset the acknowledgment of web banking in Kenya. An interpretive methodology was utilized to pick up a more profound understanding of the subject point. The discoveries demonstrate that security is the principle concerning factor that impacts clients' choice to receive internet banking administrations. Culture and religion were additionally observed to impact factors. A lot of proposals were given on how client reception of internet banking can be expanded among Kenya clients. This paper reasons that the banks should better deal with buyers' encounters to upgrade the utilization of web banking administrations by including a procedure of change and learning after some time, and not simply concentrating on the appropriation procedure itself.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the global financial services industry . Artificial Intelligence studying the  thought  processes  of  human  beings  and  it  deals  with  representing  those  processes  via  machines (like  computers, robots,  etc.). on  the  other  side  The  Block-chain  Technology  is  a  technology  in  which digital  information  is stored  in  a  public  shared  data-base. This technology  got  famous  mainly after  introducing  the  first cryptocurrency  which is  the  Bitcoin.  The study  was conducted  to  know  the  importance  of using  Artificial Intelligence  and  Block Chain especially  in  the  Banks to  reduce  the  dependency  on  the  human  element also to understand what can  be  the  possible  implications  of  the  use  of  artificial  intelligence  and  Block  Chain.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the global financial services industry. Artificial Intelligence studying the thought processes of human beings and it deals with representing those processes via machines (like computers, robots, etc.) On the other side the Block-chain Technology is a technology in which digital information is stored in a public shared data-base. This technology got famous mainly after introducing the first cryptocurrency which is the Bitcoin. The study was conducted to know the importance of using Artificial Intelligence and Block Chain especially in the Banks to reduce the dependency on the human element also to understand what can be the possible implications of the use of artificial intelligence and Block Chain.

This study explores the adoption of mobile banking practices in Saudi Arabia. It focuses on the existence of sufficient infrastructure, and the possible challenges that m-banking services may face. Also, discovers the potential opportunities in the country. A sample of banks in Saudi Arabia was surveyed via questionnaire, with a particular focus on the staff in the related IT departments. The findings demonstrate that although m-banking is believed to be important, there is a general lack of awareness, and it is still not widely accepted by the public. M-banking services provided should be easier to use and offer more security to its users. Furthermore, findings reveal that cooperation among the concerned parties is currently not extensive. From this, the researcher recommends that governing regulations and policies should be properly identified and put in place, and proposes that banking decision-makers in Saudi Arabia should re-evaluate their bank's strategic plans.

Gone are the days when banks had stipulated working hours. Banking services were limited in number and to avail these services, customer had to visit the branch of the concerned bank. Traditional banking system had monopolistic characteristics. There were only government banks and then in the year 1969, there was nationalization of almost all major banks in India. There were around 13 private banks operating in India even prior to the year 1968. The major changes started emerging with the establishment of ICICI Bank Limited in private sector in 1994. There are 21 private banks and 12 public sector banks operating in our country, as on date, along with one state owned payments bank. This banking network provides a number of banking and financial services but then there are other financial institutions which are also engaged in providing n number of services to the customers. Computerization in banking industry set in early 90s and since then banking and financial services sector has envisaged complete digital revolution. Banking and financial services industry has under gone a metamorphosis since then. Technology in banking and financial services sector has totally changed the face of this industry. Technology has invaded in almost all operational procedures of banking and financial services industry may it be receiving a small request or delivering a specific service. Technology has entered into almost all the operational spheres of banking and financial services industry. Technology has also helped this industry to offer new services to its customers. It is not that technology has contributed positively only to this industry but it has disadvantages as well. In the following paragraphs, the role of technology in banking and financial services and advantages and disadvantages of technology in this sector are discussed.

The introduction of new technologies has changed the way services are rendered by majority of organizations. Mensah, (2012) defines electronic banking as the provision of new and conventional banking products and services specifically to clients through electronic correspondence channels, usually using the internet. Parameswaran, (2012) defines electronic banking as the provision of financial services for the individual clients through the internet. (Parameswaran, 2012) further explains that electronic banking also involves the transfers of funds through an exchange of electronic signals between financial institutions rather than using cheques or other documentation. The purpose of this study is to identify factors affecting the acceptance of technology in the Ghanaian Banking Industry. The methodology used in this study is questionnaire, survey and information from Eco bank's website. The results of the studies showed that Eco bank is able to use its websites to advertise, provide information to their clients, sell products and reach new customers. Technological tools have also helped employees get task done more quickly and efficiently. This then translates into high profitability of Eco bank and hence high employee remuneration. Technology acceptance has made it simple to set up banking facilities in rural areas. Also through technology acceptance, the customers of Eco bank and the general public are able to access a branch for a variety of services through the convenience of home banking. Electronic financial services either by Internet or via mobile phone or other means of remote transmission or through smart cards has rapid expansion and has changed the nature of financial services around the world strongly.

An efficient banking system is of paramount importance in the development of any economy. In India, it has evolved in an organised way over the last two centuries. The growth is more pronounced after India's independence and especially after nationalisation of some large banks. There has been a significant growth and transformation since 1990s contributed by the liberalisation and banking sector reforms. This has helped the banks in India to stand in good stead in the face of the recent crisis in the financial and banking systems around the world. The RBI needs to be given all the credit for steering the banking system with a tight grip. While risk management is occupying a centre stage, banks are also competing for growth and sustaining their business. Here is an attempt to walk through the history of Banking in India and also try and gauge the likely shape of things to come in the next few years.

ABSTRACT
Financial performance has been a crucial factor in the financial business especially for the commercial banks that have undergone a series of transformations from the orthodox systems to modernised business models in order to take the edge off the set backs they have been witnessing in the industry. Among these limitations are capping of the interest rates to 4% by the CBK therefore limiting their profit margins and also reducing their revenues, volatile inflation, strict monetary policies, non-performing loan ratio and stiff competition from the mobile money services.
In order to tone down these factors, commercial banks and other financial institutions have opted for financial innovation as a solution to incapacitating the limitations affiliated with the industry by setting up modulated modern business models that facilitate diversification and deregulation in order to maintain relevance in the financial market while keeping up with the cut-throat competition that mobile money services are have introduced into the market.
This study thus, covered the innovation concepts for mobile banking, internet banking, agency banking and electronic fund transfer. The concepts were analysed in relation to their effects on financial performance quantifiers such as return on asset, profitability and volumes of transactions. The target population was all the 43 commercial banks in Kenya with the sample size being all the 43 banks in total number. Secondary data was collected for the use of this study from the central bank of Kenya records and Kenya Bankers Association records. The collected statistics were analysed using descriptive analysis which applied quantitative analyses for the various natures of the questions.
The final inferences of the study revealed that indeed financial innovation does have positive effects on financial performance of the commercial banks. Commercial banks are therefore urged to keep embracing technological advancements geared towards financial innovation for the sake of improving financial performance and consequently boosting their profitability as well as market share by retaining competitive edge in the industry.

The key objective of the paper is to draw out the association between the quality of services rendered by banks and the satisfaction of the customer in public and private sector banks. To identify the gap of these two factors, gap analysis performed and the finding are disclosed. The study also aims at bringing out the most important attributes of the service quality that distinguish one bank from another. A comparative analysis was performed between the customers of public sector and private sector banks with the factor perceived quality. The SERVQUAL tool is the most effective tool to assess the service quality in banks all over the world. The survey adopted the five dimensions of the service quality (Tangibility, Responsibility, Reliability, Assurance and Empathy) to measure their effect on satisfaction of customer. The structured questionnaire was distributed to 420 customers of different public and private sector banks and preferred 418 completely filled questionnaires, analyzed the data and interpreted the results

Previous studies have shown that there is an increased transaction of application without cash in the Malaysia via the medium of internet. The literature has also looked into the occurrences of the declining trend of users to continue to use the internet on the basis of models of technology applied in studies in Malaysia. This issue is related to Technophobia, to evaluate the negative (phobic) attitudes of consumers towards innovative products, which caused them to be less open to these products, experience discomfort when using them, and ignore the benefits offered by the technology with its use. Thus, the conceptual article discusses the potential development of an e-finance community with the existence of online financial management in the financial management strategies efficiently to tackle the increasing cost of living.

The discussion concerning the measure of the quality of a biobank should focus not only on the number of stored samples and their quality but also on the assessment of their access arrangements and governance. This article aims at contributing to the ongoing debate on samples and data access governance in biobanking by presenting the case of the Telethon Network of Genetic Biobanks (TNGB). We attempt to contribute to the need for clear and available access criteria and harmonization in access arrangements to maximize the influence of biobanks in the progress of biomedical research. We reviewed all the sample requests submitted to the TNGB from 2008 to 2020, focusing on those rejected by the Access Committee and the reasons behind the rejections. The analysis of the reasons behind the rejected requests allowed us to analyze how those relate to the issues of scientific misconduct, prioritization, and noncompliance with the biobank's mission. We discuss those issues in light of the actions and motivations used by TNGB in the access decision-making process. Based on this analysis, we suggest that a cross-implementation of a checklist for access assessment would improve the whole access process, ensuring a more transparent and smoother governance. Finally, we conclude that the TNGB's Charter and approach toward access governance could contribute as an important reference point to deal with the issues that have emerged in the international discussion on the topic.

This thesis makes the case for postcolony in contemporary organization. To put it differently, this work seeks to tell the stories of legacies of Empire, colonial rule and the othering of experiences that did not conform to static images of the technology entrepreneur (white, masculinised, flexible) – at one organization. This research is based on an ethnographic study from 2014-2016 of a global Bank Technology Centre in the North of England (the ‘BTC’). This thesis works with Achille Mbembe’s concept of postcolony (2001), in order to help explain the ethnographic encounters at this fieldsite, including the drive towards ‘appification’ and de-materialisation of work at the BTC, and the metaphors of war and practices of violence that were normalised at this organization, in particular in relations between British staff working at the BTC and their counterparts in developing countries - or ‘global hubs’ - such as India and Lithuania. This bank’s colonial history (as the ‘Colonial Bank’) is also examined in terms of the impacts on its modes of organising (Lury, 2004, 2013) today. A temporal phenomenology of postcolony is argued to exist at the BTC, as colonising modes of organizing time and material experience continue to dominate the working lives of staff at this site in post-colonial times. This thesis seeks to explore these themes via an attention to brands at the BTC (chapter 2), the work methodology of Agile at the BTC (chapter 3), and by exploring how language, spaces and the future of the organization were structured by practices of war and violence, salient features of the postcolony according to Mbembe (1992, 2001, 2017). This is a research project that endeavours to do ethnography ‘against the grain’, in the spirit of Harrison (1993), Stoler (2010) and Prasad (2015), with a concern for doing ethnographic research with an awareness of the historical dominance of Western-centric epistemologies and neo-colonial methods, which can still cause harm in organisations, including the academie, today (Todd, 2009, 2017).  It was Walter Benjamin who first coined this term “against the grain”, referring to the Marxist historical materialist belief that the horrors of the past do not possess the last word (to paraphrase Horkheimer), that there is a Messianic Redemption to the future that breaks history. For Benjamin, breaking with a homogenous past of suffering and believing in the future ‘permits one to utter a confident No to the existent order’ (1983, p.635). It is in such a spirit (if not with quite such commitment to historical materialism) that this work seeks to engage with postcolonial questions of organization, by specifically addressing the complete side-stepping of Achille Mbembe’s work in almost the entirety of business, management and organization scholarship. This thesis aims to begin a dialogue with a post-colonial organization studies community on Mbembe’s significance as a 21st century thinker with transformational ideas for organizations today.

The number of transaction activities, making the banking industry develop its services through E-Banking. E-Banking service that common in the public is ATM. ATM has facilitated customer transactions, and also helped the bank's performance to provide the best service to the customer.

Imbalance among the different sectors of Indian economy in respect of their relative contribution to the GDP of the nation has been an issue of utmost significance for the last so many years. The situation is worsening year after year, with the share of agriculture declining year after year, while that of services growing constantly and that of industries remaining rather stagnant. In the peculiar situation of India, thus the much desired balance between “Farm, Factory and Services”, is seriously affected. As per the latest statistics (2007), agriculture accounts for just 18.50% of the GDP, while that of industries is 26.40% and the balance more than 55.10% goes to services. It ay be noted
that the share of agriculture has almost halved from its position in 1990 when it was about 34%. Thus, the need of the hour is to increase its
share to 30-35 % level for balanced economic development. Though the industrial sector has been facing the problem of stagnancy over the
last 25 years or so with its share hovering around 25-25%, of late, its position rather satisfactory as there are very clear signs of industrial revival. However, the case of agriculture still remains pathetic and that too increasingly year after year. In the above context, this paper seeks to
develop a few pragmatic and realistic strategies for enhancing the productivity of Indian agriculture and hence to ensure balanced and
sustainable economic development of the nation. Indian economy has been witnessing a number of radical changes in the ongoing era of economic deregulation initiated in the early nineties. In general, there has been an overall progress in the economy as in evident from the
reasonably good macroeconomic stability, surging foreign exchange reserves, favourable balance of payment situation and reasonably
good GDP growth rate. Above all, there exists a very strong, resilient, dynamic and healthy banking sector which is one of the best among
all the emerging economies. Furthermore, as opposed to the prolonged stagnancy in the industrial sector in general (and manufacturing
sub-sector in particular) over the last one decade or more, of late there have been clear indications of an industrial revival primarily propelled by the buoyant manufacturing sector. However, in spite of all these favourable outcomes of economic deregulation in India, there are certain very disappointing aspects also. Of these, one of the most chronic
problems that the economy faces is that of a constantly declining performance of the agricultural sector causing imbalance between
the different sectors and hence adversely affecting the overall economic development. This in turn has resulted in many other problems like, growing unemployment, migration from rural to urban areas, widening of rural-urban divide, problems of fast urbanization, growing marginalization and deprivation of the poor from the developmental process and so on. These adverse effects of economic deregulation may
result in the growth process becoming unsustainable and hence may hinder the fast economic development of the nation. As already
noted, the most distinguishing aspect of the above problems is the crisis faced by the Indian agriculture sector. Agricultural crisis may be because of different reasons and the implications of the same also are quite diverse and also far reaching. The fact remains that about 50 per cent of the population of this developing country still depends on agriculture
for livelihood, either directly or indirectly, even though the contribution of agriculture to the nation‚s GDP is rather low and is declining year
after year.

Tóm tắt báo cáo: Công nghệ mã vạch đã được ứng dụng trong nhiều lĩnh vực như quản lí hoạt động sản xuất, vận chuyển hàng hóa và kinh doanh, kiểm soát an ninh và các nghiệp vụ bảo mật…Cùng với sự phát triển không ngừng của kinh tế xã hội và công nghệ thông tin, mã vạch cũng có những bước phát triển mạnh mẽ, từ mã vạch 1 chiều (Bar Code) đến mã vạch 2 chiều (2D Code). Tuy nhiên, cả hai loại mã này vẫn có những hạn chế, chủ yếu là về lượng thông tin mã hóa được trong một vùng hình ảnh giới hạn và khả năng bảo mật. Vấn đề đặt ra là làm thế nào để tăng khả năng mã hóa sao cho trong cùng một vùng hình ảnh tương tự nhưng mã hóa được lượng dữ liệu lớn hơn, nhiều kiểu dữ liệu hơn và khả năng bảo mật tốt hơn. Ý tưởng về mã màu (Color Construct Code) đã được đề xuất nhằm đáp ứng tốt nhất những nhu cầu đó. Công nghệ mã màu đang còn hết sức mới mẻ cả về kỹ thuật cũng như triển khai ứng dụng. Trong báo cáo này, chúng tôi sẽ tập trung nghiên cứu về cơ sở lí thuyết của mã màu, xây dựng thuật toán mã hóa và giải mã, đồng thời đề xuất một giải pháp ứng dụng mã màu trong chứng thực thông tin văn bằng.

Les nouveaux entrants se multiplient sur le secteur bancaire et financier, aidés en cela par la création de statuts ad hoc, plus souples que le statut de banque ou de Bourse. Point d’étape sur les technologies qui changent le business model des banquiers.

The author uses a coupled-hazard approach (Dekimpe et al, 2000) to analyse the complex process of smart card technology diffusion in the UK financial transaction card FTC) industry. The research in the form of survey of major UK financial institutions confirms the completion by the UK of the implementation stage (Rogers, 1983) and investigates the possible ways and period of achieving the confirmation stage.
To provide solid evidence of the achievements in the adoption of smart card technology in the UK the author uses information and data provided by Association for Payment Clearing Services and European Monetary Institute. The study investigates the impact of first mover advantage by American Express in 1999 with introduction of Blue Card and influence of major global smart card platform EMV (Europay, MasterCard, VISA) on the adoption process of smart card technology in the UK.
The research also reveals the areas of strengths and weaknesses of the present diffusion process, such as focus on E-commerce capabilities of smart cards.

&DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITUREON TECHNOLOGY GAP ASSESSMENT 2. Background and present state of the problem: The technology gap is the divergence between nations and communities in their abilities to access, diffuse and use scientific and technical knowledge. It is one of the main causes of the rapidly expanding socioeconomic gap between rich and poor nations and constitutes a major challenge for developing countries in their efforts to achieving the development goals [1]-[2]. The impact of the technology gap has almost exclusively been scrutinized by studies focusing on technology spillover from FDI to domestic firms. It has been argued that the more the spillover potential increases, the lower the technological gap or technological distance [3]. Research & Development expenditure (R&D) is also considered as another important determinant of Technology Transfer (TT) in relation to technology gap assessment [4]. The objective of R&D is to maximize the positive effects and to minimize the negative effects of technology. It is practically not possible to achieve both the goals. Hence a technology is under constant threat to be substituted by new one or its improved version. Therefore the approaches of R&D towards the generation of new technology have superior importance. Hence, the extent of high-quality FDI and strong R&D support depend on the parameters of the TT model and draw some policy implications [5]-[12]. In the above context it is felt that if a set of indicators in relation to FDI and R&D could be formulated for appropriate technology transfer process, it could be possible to reduce Technology Gap all over the world.