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A brief guide to writing a medical physics leadership case

2021, Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics

This guide provides a framework and general steps for writing a case study for the Medical Physics Leadership Academy (MPLA). 1,2 This guide may be used as part of the Request for Proposal (RFP) for case studies in AAPM leadership-themed sessions. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Received: 13 September 2020 | Revised: 13 September 2020 | Accepted: 24 September 2020 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.13186 LETTER TO THE EDITOR A brief guide to writing a medical physics leadership case This guide provides a framework and general steps for writing a case 1,2 study for the Medical Physics Leadership Academy (MPLA). This guide may be used as part of the Request for Proposal (RFP) for case studies in AAPM leadership‐themed sessions. actual product and vendor names if doing so will not influence the discussion.) Developing a synopsis will help you evaluate the appropriateness of your setting, plot, and characters before writing the case study. The example synopsis in Exhibit 1 allowed the authors to identify a lack of diversity in the characters and rework them in order to reach 1 | STEP 1. DEVELOP A SCENARIO AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES a broader audience. It also allowed them to eliminate characters that took focus away from the learning objectives. Outlining discussion points in your synopsis will help determine The first step in writing a case study is identifying learning objectives what details to include in your final version. In this example, the and developing a scenario. You may already have a scenario in mind author wanted readers to identify IT and billing as potential factors before having considered learning objectives. Remember that a case in decision‐making, and identifying these factors as discussion points study is not just telling a personal story related to leadership. It is an enabled the authors to allude to them in the final version of MPLA educational tool that should be specifically aligned to the MPLA’s Case 1: Implementing Cone‐Beam CT in a Community Hospital.2 with- curriculum (available at https://w3.aapm.org/leadership/curriculum. out explicitly stating them. An effective case study should not have php). Identifying your learning objectives up‐front will help you focus clear, black‐and‐white solutions, but should inspire discussion and your scenario and develop discussion points (see Step 3), as will the consideration of multiple competing factors. A good synopsis will decide the category of your case. The MPLA uses categories defined help you with writing the case, as well as assist reviewers of your in William Ellet’s The Case Study Handbook3: submission. 1. Decision Scenario Case: The case presents a “need to make a critical decision and potentially persuade” others to accept it. 2. Evaluation Scenario Case: The case presents a “need to perform an in‐depth evaluation that lays out the pros and cons” 3. Problem‐Diagnosis Scenario Case: The case presents a “need to perform a comprehensive problem diagnosis that identifies the 3 | STEP 3. DEVELOP THE CASE AND FACILITATOR’S GUIDE An MPLA case should be no more than 2,500 words, roughly four root causes of a problem” to five single‐spaced pages using 12‐point font size. A reader should Consideration of the case category and learning objectives date sufficient discussion time if such a case is used in a typical be able to finish the case study within 15‐20 minutes to accommo- should be maintained while developing the case synopsis, case study hour‐long meeting or discussion session. For those without much and facilitators guide. experience in creative writing, seek help from expert writers and literary enthusiasts. "MPLA Case 1: Implementing Cone Beam CT in a Community Hospital"2 was written with the assistance of an English 2 | STEP 2. DEVELOP A CASE SYNOPSIS and creative writing major who worked from the case synopsis and professional case studies (non‐medical physics) as models. Seek help A case synopsis is a high‐level summary of the case study. An exam- from experts when writing about non‐medical physics areas. For ple of a case synopsis is given in Exhibit 1 in Supplemental Materials. example, a case study about purchasing new equipment may require The following components should be included: setting, including assistance in obtaining and presenting realistic financial and bud- information about technology or organizational structure when getary data. needed to understand the case; plot, an explanation of the situation; The facilitator’s guide is a teaching note that guides instructors discussion points; and characters, including job titles, personality, on how to use your case study to facilitate discussion. It should be beliefs, and concerns. Remember that your case study is a work of written in parallel with the case study and stay consistent to the fiction. Even when inspired by a real‐life event, names of characters, scenario case study defined in Step 1. See Sample Facilitator’s Guide locations, and institutions should all be invented. (You may use for "MPLA Case 1. Implementing Cone Beam CT in a Community ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Physicists in Medicine J Appl Clin Med Phys 2021; 22:3:285–286 wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/jacmp | 285 286 | LETTER TO THE EDITOR Hospital”2 for a model of how to write a facilitator’s guide. The Cassandra Stambaugh4 MPLA Cases Subcommittee will publish a guide on writing a facili- AAPM Medical Physics Leadership Academy (MPLA) Cases tator guide. Subcommittee 1 Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA 2 MD Anderson Cancer Center at Cooper, Camden, NJ, USA 4 | STEP 4. REVIEW AND REVISE 3 University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA 4 Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA Your case study needs to be relatable and discussion‐worthy. Revisit step 1 to ensure your case study retains its real‐life essence while Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Dongxu Wang. clearly advancing your learning objectives. Seek feedback on E‐mail: [email protected] whether desired discussion points arise naturally from your case study presentation. The MPLA Cases Subcommittee offers some support for reviewing and revising new case studies. Please reach out to the Subcommittee if you have any questions. Our contact information can be found from AAPM’s website. Thank you for contributing to the MPLA’s mission and have fun writing! Keywords REFERENCES 1. Gronberg M, Wang D. Introduction to medical physics leadership academy (MPLA) case studies. J Appl Clin Med Phys. In Press. 2. Wang D, Meis G, Ellet W, et al. MPLA case 1: implementing cone‐ beam CT in a community hospital. J Appl Clin Med Phys. In Press. 3. “The Case Study Handbook, Revised Edition: A Student’s Guide” by William Ellet. case study, leadership, MPLA SUPPORTING INFORMATION Dongxu Wang1 Leonard Kim2 Mary Gronberg3 Additional supporting information may be found online in the Supporting Information section at the end of the article.