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Turkology is enriched by new works - twesco.org

Estudos do século XX, 2023

Identificam-se neste artigo linhas de força essenciais associadas à Revolução Russa de Outubro de 1917 e ao seu impacto por mais de um século. Salientando o seu papel de natureza emancipatória de uma dimensão mundial e situada na longa duração, releva-se também a sua inscrição como acontecimento decisivo nos processos de escrita e de interpretação da história contemporânea. A partir das grandes expectativas que gerou e dos múltiplos caminhos que percorreu e propagou, articula-se em particular a sua reverberação com o imprescindível papel que nela tiveram a propaganda, a reflexão e a criação artística e intelectual, bem como a iniciativa dos seus agentes, aqui tomados como instrumentos dinâmicos da mudança política, da transformação cultural e da produção de um ideal de socialismo. Refere-se ainda, em articulação com este processo, a reformulação do próprio conceito de revolução na relação com o conhecimento histórico e com o impacto da memória, associando-lhe a importante dimensão simbólica introduzida pelo intervenção da nostalgia e da utopia. No todo, o artigo procura sublinhar e conferir um sentido interpretativo ao impacto da Revolução de Outubro no curso do século XX.

Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute, Pune (Deemed to be a University), 2022

This monograph investigates semantic change and semantic extension of verbs in Tamil. The semantic change and semantic extensions of meaning of verbs are studied from the perspectives of cognitive semantics and generative lexicon. The monograph is organized into six chapters. They are briefly described below. There are a few earlier researches in Tamil on lexical semantics and semantic change. By chance they are the research works undertaken by Rajendran. “Syntax and semantics of Tamil verbs” is the PhD research work of Rajendran (1978). This work followed the principles of Nida (1975a) expounded in his book entitled “Componential analysis of meaning: an introduction to semantic structures”. This work has great relevance to the present research work as Rajendran has classified verbs into certain semantic domains and subdomains based on the principles of componential analysis propounded by Nida (1975a). He has also classified verbs into certain number of semantic domains based on the number and types of arguments taken by the verbs. He has identified the semantic features of verbs to distinguish one verb from the other and also identified common semantic features which can be ascribed to the verbs which belong to a particular semantic domain. The polysemy of each verb is identified and classified based on the semantic parameters. Another important work on lexical semantics by Rajendran is his post-doctoral work on “Semantics of Tamil vocabulary”. These works have been culminated into two books entitled “taRkaalat tamiz coRkaLanjciyam (Thesaurus for modern Tamil)” which has been written in Tamil and published by Tamil university in 2001 (Rajendran 2001) and ‘tamiz min coRkaLanjciyam (Tamil electronic thesaurus)” written in collaboration with Baskaran and published by Tamil University in 2006 (Rajendran 2006). He has published a book on lexical semantics entitled “coRkaL: vaazvum varalaaRum (Words: Life and History)" written in collaboration with Sakthivel. His research papers entitled “Verbs of ‘seeing’ in Tamil’ (Rajendran 1982), “Coming and Going in Tamil” (Rajendran 1983), “Semantic Structure of Directional verbs of movement in Tamil”, (Rajendran 2002), “Syntax and semantics of Verbs of Transfer in Tamil” (Rajendran 2002), “Creating generative lexicon from dictionaries” (Rajendran 2003), “Building generative lexicon from MRDs in Tamil” (Rajendran 2010), “Grammaticalization verbs in Tamil” (Rajendran 2018) and “Cognitive extensions of meaning in verbs of movement in Tamil” (Rajendran 2019), (Ontology of Tamil Vocabulary" (Rajendran and Anitha 2019), "WordNet and its dimesions" (Rajendran 2021) have direct or indirect bearing on the present research work. Some of unpublished research manuals uploaded in the websites academia.edu and Research Gate which can be said to be directly or indirectly concerned with the present research work are “tamiz peyarc coRkaLin aakkamuRai akaraati” (Generative lexicon for Tamil nouns)” and “tamiz vinaicoRkaLin aakkamuRai akaraati (Generative lexicon for Tamil)”. The present work has its starting point in “Syntax and semantics of Tamil verbs (Rajendran 1978). The verbs of Tamil have been collected and classified based on the principles of componential analysis meaning propounded by Nida (1975). Also the polysemy of the verbs is explained based on the principles explained by Nida in the same book. Attempts have been made to classify the meanings that can be given under particular verbs. The synonymy is explained based on the senses rather than by words. Such classification explained the semantic extension of verbs which can be attributed to various principles such as metaphorical extension, metonymical extension, and analogical extension and so on. The aim of this research is to find out the magnitude and dimension semantic change and semantic extension of meanings of verbs and to find out the general principles on these processes of dynamics of meaning. The units of meaning can include words, phrases and grammatical units. For example, the verbs in Tamil such as vaa ‘come’, poo ‘go’ have been grammaticalized to function as auxiliary verbs denoting some aspectual meaning (Rajendran 2019). Two theories have been going to be explored to explain the sematic change and sematic extension of verbs: one is cognitive theory of meaning and another is the theory propounded by Pushtejovsky (1995) in his generative lexicon. Explaining the semantic extension or semantic change of meaning of verbs is undertaken in two ways: one is to classify the verbs into certain semantic domains based on their distinctive semantic features and then explain the polysemy in the members of each domain (Rajendran 1979, 2020); and another is to explain how verbs belonging to a domain move to another domain by cognitive principles of semantic extension. Dictionaries list words as entries and give different meanings based on their usage and thus function as word information resources. Dictionaries list different meanings of a verb under an entry and try to convince the users that each is a separate meaning by explanation and giving the examples to support their conviction. Thesaurus on the other hand, classifies the words into semantic domains and subdomains and gives word under each domain or subheading. WordNet is a combination of thesaurus and dictionaries. In WordNet, words are grouped into synsets (synonymous sets) and the synonyms are linked by semantic and lexical relations, thus forming a network of words or concepts (each meaning denoted by a word is a concept). The problem with a dictionary is that in its efforts to account for the different uses of a lexical item or word, it goes on increasing the list of meaning under each word entry. This will cause not only the increase in the size of the dictionary but also the increase in number of volumes of the dictionary. A verb expands its usage quite wider than a noun. The expansion of numbers of senses under each nouns is comparatively less when compared to verbs. The polysemy found in verbs leads to ambiguity which is a serious issue in machine translation. The polysemy found in verbs and the expansion of dictionaries disproportionately due to polysemy needs to be accounted by different means. The expansion of meaning in terms of different senses can be assumed or predicted or expected to some extent. This predictable expansion of meaning can be explained or put into rules. But the senses assigned to a verb undergo unpredictable mutations which cannot be easily explained. In order to account for the dynamic process of polysemy mainly due to semantic change or meaning expansion, especially in verbs, it is felt that the polysemy needs to be addressed seriously. The endless list of meanings found in the entries of verbs in a dictionary led to the present study. It is felt that the semantic change or meaning extension need to be explained properly for the verbs to lessen the burden in lexicon. Practically speaking, there is no principal difference between semantic extension and sematic change. Tamil verbs expand its range of application of meaning or usage of meaning in predictable terms as well as unpredictable terms. For the native speakers of Tamil such expansion of range of application of meaning may not appear strange. But a non-native speaker such extension of change of meaning may appear strange and it may be difficult for them to understand the meaning of a lexical item in unaccustomed contexts. The expansion or change of meaning of a lexical item will be explicitly revealed if we compare the early dictionaries of Tamil (Tamil Lexicon of Madras University) with the present one (Creas’s Modern Tamil Dictionary). It is presumed here in this research that the meaning expansion or change are somewhat predicable and can be explained by cognitive principles or principles of generative lexicon. It is a well-known fact that meaning of a lexical item expands or changes metaphorically, metonymically and analogically. This leads the moving of lexical items belonging to a domain into another domain. This movement is due to the acquiring of new semantic features which are shared with the entity’s new place of existence. It is hoped that this can be explained by general principles of semantic expansion or change.

Early unpublished paper on "logical remainders."

The Journal of Military History, 2000

Rjabchikov, Sergei V., 2023. The Rongorongo Records on Wooden Lizard-shaped Figurines from Easter Island have been Deciphered. In: I.I. Ivanovskaya and M.V. Posnova (eds.) Nauka i obrazovanie v kontexte global’noy transformatsii. Sbornik statey X Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii, sostoyavsheysya 10 iyulya 2023 g. v g. Petrozavodske. Petrozavodsk: International Center for Scientific Partnership “New Science”, pp. 131-141. Abstract: In this paper the author has investigated brief rongorongo records on several wooden lizard-like statuettes from Rapanui. Furthermore, the vast cursive inscriptions on such a figurine have been deciphered. The new data on the language and culture of the Easter Islanders have been obtained. Key words: Polynesia, Austronesian, Rapanui, Rapa Nui, Easter Island, the Society Islands, Borabora, mythology, folklore, rongorongo, moko. Аннотация: В данной работе автор изучил краткие надписи ронго-ронго на нескольких деревянных статуэтках ящериц с острова Пасхи. Затем были прочитаны обширные надписи, выполненные на такой фигурке при помощи курсивного письма. Получены новые данные по культуре и языку рапануйцев.

Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade, 2018

The objective of this study was to improve the growth and yield of long cayenne pepper using 10 organic fertilizers. Organic fertilizers including tithonia compost (TC), poultry manure from a battery cage (PMB), poultry manure from dip-litter (PMD), pacesetter organic fertilizer (POF), sunshine organic fertilizer (SOF), ayeye organic fertilizer (AOF), brewery waste (BW), cow dung (CD), oil palm bunch ash (OPBA), cocoa pod husk (CPH) were collected at some specific locations in Oyo, Osun and Ondo States of Nigeria. The experiment was a 2?11 factorial experiment fitted into a randomized complete block design consisting of 10 organic fertilizers and the control at two locations (Ibadan and Ogbomoso) in 2008. The dosage of 130 kg N ha-1 of each of organic fertilizer was applied one week before transplanting. Six-week-old pepper seedlings were transplanted into a plot of 3m?2m (6m2) with one seedling per hill. Growth and yield data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA)...

Sunuş ve İçindekiler

Formação de profissionais de enfermagem: uma reflexão sobre metodologias de ensino e aprendizagem, 2024

Valendo-se de uma profunda revisão teórica e de entrevistas concedidas por discentes e docentes, a obra discute a formação de profissionais de enfermagem, evidenciando diferenças entre as metodologias de ensino-aprendizagem tradicionais e as Metodologias Ativas e o modo como elas interferem no processo de construção de conhecimento. A autora propõe uma importante reflexão sobre os avanços e percalços das instituições de ensino superior em ofertar cursos que integrem teoria e prática. Busca-se, dessa forma, promover o aprimoramento dos métodos pedagógicos, para que os profissionais formados estejam mais bem preparados para atender à população.