bio battery

IJRASET, 2021

An electrical signal can induce a biological reaction; the reverse in is also true in most of the cases and in this way biological processes can be used to generate electricity for powering electrical equipment. Even though the Bio fuel cells have been known for almost a century since the first microbial BFC(Bio fuel cells) was demonstrated in 1912,the first enzyme-based bio-fuel cell was reported only in 1964 using glucose oxidize (GOx) as the anodic catalyst and glucose as the bio-fuel. a type of battery that uses energy sources such as carbohydrates, amino acids and enzymes from a variety of sources. anode consists of sugar-digesting enzymes and mediator, and the cathode composes of oxygen reducing enzymes and mediator. The mediators in this case are Vitamin K3 for the anode and potassium ferricyanide for the cathode. When sugar is added to the mixture, the anode garners the electrons and hydrogen ions. When the battery generates power, the protons travel to the cathode through the electrolyte to combine with the oxygen to produce water. Since the biocatalysts (enzymes) are very selective catalytically, the miniaturized bio-fuel cell could in principle be fabricated as a membrane-less fuel cell.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2013

In today's world Electricity is considered as an integral utility. We can never ever think of our lives without machines. Thus electricity plays a vital role in functioning of the society. One of the portable and convenient sources of this electrical energy is a Battery. Battery is the basic yet most powerful part of any device. Thus a bio battery is an energy storing device that is powered by organic compounds. Bio-Battery generates electricity from renewable fuels providing a sustained, on-demand portable power source. By using enzymes to break down organic compounds, bio-batteries directly receive energy from them. Bio-batteries are alternative energy devices based on bio-electro catalysis of natural substrates by enzymes or microorganisms. This paper brings out an alternative solution to the conventional batteries which is not only a boon to the environment by being eco friendly but also it is an end to worries about non renewable and vanishing sources of energy.

2022

We report an ingestible, millimeter-sized microbial fuel cell (MFC) capsule that can provide a realistic and practical power solution for ingestible electronics. The capsule integrates a pH-sensitive enteric membrane, a germinant-containing layer, and a microfluidic hydrogel-based anodic channel pre-inoculated with Bacillus subtilis spores as dormant biocatalysts, which are directly connected to an integrated MFC. When the pH-sensitive membrane dissolves in a designated gut location with a specific pH, the hydrophilic hydrogel in the anodic channel absorb the gut fluids washing the germinant to trigger the spore germination and generate microbial metabolic electricity in our world's smallest MFC. When the capsule is designed to work in the human intestine, it generates electricity only in the neutral pH solution achieving maximum power and current densities of 64µW/cm 2 and 435 µA/cm 2 , respectively, which are substantially higher than the other energy harvesting techniques.

A microbial fuel cell containing a mixed bacterial culture utilizing glucose as carbon source was enriched to investigate power output in relation to glucose dosage. Electron recovery in terms of electricity up to 89% occurred for glucose feeding rates in the range 0.5-3 g l −1 d −1 , at powers up to 3.6 W m −2 of electrode surface, a five fold higher power output than reported thus far. This research indicates that microbial electricity generation offers perspectives for optimization.

Electricity is a form of energy resulting from charged particles (such as electrons or protons), either statically as an accumulation of charge or dynamically as a current. Microorganisms are ubiquitous and are used in almost all industries to produce specific products. They are termed as "the degraders" of the environment. They utilize a wide range of substrates in order to survive. This property is harnessed for the production of electricity. The biochemical interactions are converted into electricity. They act as catalysts for the production of electricity utilizing a wide range of substrate which helps generate power. Microorganisms were isolated from air and water sources. It was identified based on morphology and further confirmed by biochemical tests. Isolated organisms were examined for electricity production. Standardization procedures were carried out for increasing the efficiency of electricity production. Sewage water was used as media in which organism were grown which transformed the substrate into electricity and in the process the sewage was treated and the water was clarified. The MFC generated Alternating Current (AC). It cannot be used directly hence it was converted into Direct Current (DC) with the help of a capacitor. A battery like device was used to store the produced electricity. This was used to operate small gadgets like the LED bulb.

Joule

To meet the ever-increasing energy demands and sustainability requirements, next-generation battery systems must provide superior energy densities while employing eco-friendly components. Transition metal oxide-based materials have served as important high-energy-density battery electrodes over the past few decades; however, their further development is challenging as we approach the theoretical limits arising from their crystal structures and constituting elements. Exploiting materials from biological systems, or bio-inspiration, offers an alternative strategy to overcome the conventional energy storage mechanism through the chemical diversity, highly efficient biochemistry, sustainability, and natural abundance provided by these materials. Here, we overview recent progress in biomimetic research focused on novel electrode material design for rechargeable batteries, exploiting redox-active molecules involved in the biometabolism and diverse bioderived materials with various morphologies. Successful demonstrations of energy storage using biomimetic materials that simultaneously exhibit outstanding performance and sustainability would provide insight toward the development of an eco-friendly and highefficiency energy storage system.

2020

Rapid consumption of renewable energy resources has led to development of an alternative source of energy. Fuel cell technology is a reliable and sustainable source of energy which was developed. Microbial fuel cell is a type which uses active microorganisms as catalysts for production of electricity. The microorganisms degrade the organic substrate to release protons and electrons which generate a potential difference across the cell. Our study focused on the generation of electricity from human urine using microbial fuel cell system. Specific bacteria were used as inoculum at anaerobic anode chamber and salt solution was supplied at aerobic cathode. The chambers were connected using salt bridge which would facilitate ion transfer. This made the system cost effective. The potential difference generated was measured using digital multi-meter.

Pursue: Undergraduate Research Journal, 2020

Cellular respiration is the process by which organic matter oxidizes, and the energy stored in the chemical bonds of the food releases. Normally, cellular respiration occurs inside the mitochondria of cells; however, a unique type of bacteria releases electrons externally. These specialized organisms are called electrogenic bacteria. Our goal is to construct a microbial fuel cell (MFC) with electrogenic bacteria, harvest the external electrons created by cellular respiration, and channel them through an external circuit to generate electricity. Mud soil, which has a high number of electrogenic bacteria in the environment, was used to construct an MFC. In the presence of gram-negative bacteria, which exist in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, the constructed MFC delivered electrical energy to an external circuit. The MFC can generate electricity, and thereby power, from biodegradable substances and organic wastes found in the environment and landfills. They can also be used to power small devices and sensors used in day-today activities. To determine the effect of sugar on the growth and development of bacteria present in the MFC, the quantity of sugar administered will be monitored in relation to the power generated per day.

Handbook of Ecomaterials, 2019

Energy is a vital need of the human race, which has now become a basic necessity of modern day lifestyles, including food, shelter, and clothing. There are numerous methods of energy generation, which can be categorized into renewable and nonrenewable sources. This chapter deals with one of the eco-friendly schemes of energy generation using microorganisms present in soil, water, and other commodities. The generation of energy occurs in the colony of microorganisms, which can be stored in a container, and the energy generated can be tapped out similarly to the energy from an electrochemical battery or cell. Microorganisms, specifically bacteria, generate the energy, forming their own electrolyte and electrodes in the microbial fuel cellthe anode and cathode. These microbes can be visualized as the conducting ions present in the electrochemical battery, which carry the charge in the electrochemical process. Persistent efforts to elaborate various such energy generation schemes using microbial fuel cells are discussed for better understanding by readers.