Climate, Global Warming/Cooling Model

International Journal of Environmental Protection, 2016

Due to its serious impact upon the environment and on almost all aspects of life, climate change is internationally discussed among all vital sectors of life. In this study, global climate change is explained with the perspective of the people who have no prejudices, but live it. Therefore, it is possible to extract the answers of 5 questions that are frequently asked on global climate change that people are concerned with in their answers. For the goal, herein first, the previous research performed on "global climate change" has been abstracted and discussed briefly. Finally, in the light of the current literature, the study is concluded in 15 questions.

Quaestiones Geographicae, 2013

The threat of dangerous climate change from anthropogenic global warming has decreased. Global temperature rose from 1975 to 1998, but since then has levelled off. Sea level is now rising at about 1.5mm per year based on tide gauges, and satellite data suggests it may even be falling. Coral islands once allegedly threatened by drowning have actually increased in area. Ice caps cannot possibly slide into the sea (the alarmist model) because they occupy kilometres-deep basins extending below sea level. Deep ice cores show a succession of annual layers of snow accumulation back to 760,000 years and in all that time never melted, despite times when the temperature was higher than it is today. Sea ice shows no change in 30 years in the Arctic. Emphasis on the greenhouse effect stresses radiation and usually leads to neglect of important factors like convection. Water is the main greenhouse gas. The CO 2 in the ocean and the atmosphere are in equilibrium: if we could remove CO 2 from the atmosphere the ocean would give out more to restore the balance. Increasing CO 2 might make the ocean less alkaline but never acid. The sun is now seen as the major control of climate, but not through greenhouse gases. There is a very good correlation of sunspots and climate. Solar cycles provide a basis for prediction. Solar Cycle 24 has started and we can expect serious cooling. Many think that political decisions about climate are based on scientific predictions but what politicians get are projections based on computer models. The UN's main adviser, the IPCC, uses adjusted data for the input, their models and codes remain secret, and they do not accept responsibility for their projections.

2019

Global warming is a most burning topic gained the attention of many social thinkers such as scientists, policy makers, environmentalists, researchers and student worldwide. It is the increase of the average temperature on the Earth. The root cause for the increase of the temperature is global warming. As the Earth is getting warmer, disasters like hurricanes, disease and injury of heat waves, droughts, storms and floods are getting more frequent. Over the last 100 years, the average air temperature near the Earth’s surface has risen by a little less than 10C. The causes and consequences of global warming on the Earth`s environment have been reviewed in the present study. The controversy between scientists on the causes of global warming may be natural or may be caused by human interference. The natural causes were atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), Volcanic Eruptions, the dynamic system of the Earth, Sun, and Cosmos. Human activities have been emitting extra greenhouse gases, which w...

Abstract This paper aims to contribute the climate change policy debate in the post-Kyoto era in the 21st century. It partakes the debate how people perceive climate change in their daily life by survey research. The perception of the climate change/global warming differs not only public opinion but also among researchers, politicians and non-governmental organizations representative. Also, media and the role of newspapers are important to form the dominant discourse. Climate change/global warming issue is environmental, scientific, and most importantly political issues. The measurement of knowledge, understanding, and perceptions is an important contribution to the climate change policy because it may affect the success of adaptation and mitigation strategies for developing countries. This study is supposed to make an empirically in-depth analysis by using the survey research. It has sought to determine the knowledge level of climate change/global warming among the research participants as well as their perceptions of the effects of the climate change and the solutions that may be undertaken by the domestic and international actors and institutions. The researcher prepared the personal information form and the 47-item climate change related questions that were adopted from Trenbath (2012). The questionnaire was filled out the research sample of 1188 students at the Cankiri Karatekin University. The questionnaire has three sub-section in order to capture the students’ understanding of climate changes causes (items 1-17), effects (items 18-33), and solutions (items 34-47). It was measured by 5-likert scale: A-I am sure this is right, B-I think this is right, C-I don’t know about this, D-I think this is wrong, E-I am sure this is wrong. The data were analyzed by the SPSS 20 software. ,An Example of the question about the cause of the climate change is “global warming/climate change is made worse by garbage dumped in the rivers and streams (E). The question related to the effect is “if global warming/climate change increases, the Earth will get hotter”(A). The question related to the solution is “global warming/climate change can be decreased by eating vegetarian diet” (A). The results indicated that the respondents had confusing understanding and knowledge about the causes of the climate change. They have a more clear-cut idea of the effects and solutions of the climate change. These findings require the awareness raising on the issue of climate change if the public opinion is used as a key actor in this issue. Key Words: Climate Change, Perception, Questionnaire, Awareness, Students

Global warming is considered as an imminent danger to humans' life. It is an anthropogenic global warming, the product of human attitude and behavior. Since it is anthropogenic global warming, solutions to the problem cannot be just relied on pure science's research recommendation but all branches of sciences must conduct their own research and forward their recommendations. This paper reflects the understanding of human behavior from different sciences and the effect of human behavior to the environment and their recommendations on how to reduce global warming. Science alone can only explain the effect of global warming but it cannot explain the root causes of global warming which human's attitude and behaviors. Other sciences can explain the root cause of human behaviors. Therefore, all branches of sciences must do their share in solving global warming and this is what we are going to see in this paper.

Mucahit Coskun and Gbadeyanka Gbadebo Edward, 2021

The academic community has been contentious in the discourse regarding climate change. This study aims to conduct an indepth investigation and assessment of the past years' articles with a crystal focus on how often climate change is mentioned in our sampled articles. The statistical data originated from Taylor & Francis's publications focused and limited yearly. Vital literature review and citations are equally considered with 211 articles. The evaluation showed no notable change in the number of articles published in the context of research. Instead, it revealed the articles that believe and denied the phenomenon of climate change, climate change education and strategies, and people's knowledge and attitude towards climate change. The articles assessing quantitative and qualitative or mixed research were significantly valued through detailed calculation and critical discussion. There is a need to collaborate ideas from different fields of life to unify climate change ideas into educational science networks.

It is true that climate change and its implications are given much more attention now, after the COP21 Agreement in Paris. There are almost weekly conferences about global warming and the debate is intense all over the globe. This is a positive, but one must point out the exclusive focus upon natural science and technological issues, which actually bypasses the thorny problems of international governance and the coordination of states. The social science aspects of global warming policy-making will be pointed out in this article. This is a problematic by itself that reduces the likelihood of successful implementation of the goals of the COP21 Agreement (Goal I, Goal II and Goal III in global decarbonistion).

Abstract This paper aims to contribute the climate change policy debate in the post-Kyoto era in the 21st century. It partakes the debate how people perceive climate change in their daily life by survey research. The perception of the climate change/global warming differs not only public opinion but also among researchers, politicians and non-governmental organizations representative. Also, media and the role of newspapers are important to form the dominant discourse. Climate change/global warming issue is environmental, scientific, and most importantly political issues. The measurement of knowledge, understanding, and perceptions is an important contribution to the climate change policy because it may affect the success of adaptation and mitigation strategies for developing countries. This study is supposed to make an empirically in-depth analysis by using the survey research. It has sought to determine the knowledge level of climate change/global warming among the research participants as well as their perceptions of the effects of the climate change and the solutions that may be undertaken by the domestic and international actors and institutions. The researcher prepared the personal information form and the 47-item climate change related questions that were adopted from Trenbath (2012). The questionnaire was filled out the research sample of 1188 students at the Cankiri Karatekin University. The questionnaire has three sub-section in order to capture the students’ understanding of climate changes causes (items 1-17), effects (items 18-33), and solutions (items 34-47). It was measured by 5-likert scale: A-I am sure this is right, B-I think this is right, C-I don’t know about this, D-I think this is wrong, E-I am sure this is wrong. The data were analyzed by the SPSS 20 software. ,An Example of the question about the cause of the climate change is “global warming/climate change is made worse by garbage dumped in the rivers and streams (E). The question related to the effect is “if global warming/climate change increases, the Earth will get hotter”(A). The question related to the solution is “global warming/climate change can be decreased by eating vegetarian diet” (A). The results indicated that the respondents had confusing understanding and knowledge about the causes of the climate change. They have a more clear-cut idea of the effects and solutions of the climate change. These findings require the awareness raising on the issue of climate change if the public opinion is used as a key actor in this issue. Key Words: Climate Change, Perception, Questionnaire, Awareness, Students

Climate Change - A new Look, 2023

The phrase "climate change" is probably the most frequently heard phrase in these days of scientific control of the technical media. Many people do not know its full meaning. And most who think more about this phrase have not been allowed to voice their own independent conclusions as to its veracity, due to the view of the scientists taking precedence. Scientists do not know all the reasons or all the answers. Hence it is necessary to bring in a balance where we live in an age in which the scientists are the gods of the modern world. In times past various other authorities were recognised as "gods" or authority for human guidance. Now it seems that the scientists have taken over this rôle as unelected leaders of many government decisions.

Anthropogenic climate change has been certainly a well-known environmental issue since mid 20th century, which has potentiality of grave consequences to the entire humanity. On the fundamental level also it is known that scientific society has abundance of data and evidences about the gravity of current environmental situation and possible future scenarios of destabilized climate system, primarily due to human induced emissions of heat-trapping gases. Yet we feel an inconvenience in forecasting climate change and its consequences. It is imperative now to address the wide uncertainties in our understanding of climate change and its effects. Global and national climate science and policy making institutions will continue to deal with this uncertainty. However, a systematic analysis of the international and Indian policy discourse incorporating uncertainty of assessments and agreements is now obligatory to understand global stands to tackle anthropogenic climate change. Drawing on secondary data, this paper analyses the strongly influencing climate change policy choices at different levels, from international negotiations down to Indian level. Thus, the goal of this paper is to look at anthropogenic climate change from the perspective of the intersection of international policy and Indian national climate change policy discourse in order to understand urgent actions taken at all the levels to rightly address the core issue to save the humanity. Keywords: Anthropogenic climate change; International climate conventions; India, Green House Gas emissions; Climate drivers.