Bale Mountains National Park Ethiopia

The Journal of Speculative Philosophy, 2023

Enlightenment liberalism has come under furious attack from multiple sources in recent years, including cognitive science, the social sciences, identity politics of the left, and populism and nationalism on the right. The notions of individual liberty, free speech, and broad rights protections operating under neutral procedural law has been tied to elitism, patriarchy, white supremacy, and oppressive capitalism. This article points out that recent criticisms from progressives and conservatives are not new. They were mostly formulated several decades ago. Further, they commonly create a straw liberalism, failing to recognize the complexity of the Enlightenment liberal tradition. They ignore the fact that the validity of the institutions and processes of liberalism can, indeed must, be accepted, regardless of criticisms of simplistic versions of liberal theory. For those liberal institutions and processes remain the only known means for controlling the forces of modernity on which we ...

In "Credere", n. 19, 12 maggio 2024, pp. 33-35.

La rivista «Credere» propone questo mese la figura di Padre David Maria Turoldo nella rubrica "Piccoli profeti", che tenta di riproporre testimoni e personalità capitali del Npvecento religioso a un pubblico non specialista. Figura dalla vita intensa e sfaccettata ma collegata dal filo rosso del valore dell’uomo, padre David Maria Turoldo (1916-1992) collaborò con le “avanguardie cristiane” che promuovevano il rinnovamento della Chiesa e della politica. Protagonista di tanta predicazione e dibattiti d’attualità, parlava soprattutto con la sua poesia, in cui ha molto meditato sul silenzio di Dio.

When it comes to bilateral investment treaties (BITs) and free trade agreements (FTAs), arbitration is the primary (but not the only) contemporary mechanism for resolving investor state disputes. Compared with previous methods that relied on the intervention of the investor's home state or national courts, arbitration has a number of advantages. It has been said that ‘the awards of arbitrators are more widely enforceable than any other adjudicative decision in public law’. It has been argued that parties have greater control over the process, greater flexibility and that it maintains good commercial relationships. Conversely, critical concerns have recently precipitated about the suitability of arbitration in the context of investment disputes. There is much heated discussion about arbitration impacting upon government accountabilities and domestic and public policies. This paper is divided into three sections. The first part will reflect on the development of investor state dispute arbitration. The second part will examine the application of arbitration under BITs and FTAs. The final part of this paper will then illustrate the current criticisms made about investment dispute arbitration. Ultimately questioning whether investor state dispute arbitration undermines the rule of law.

Восток (Oriens), 2022

Compendium of two parts of article. Pt. I: This article concerns the dating of the Caucasian Albanian palimpsest (Gospel of John) on the basis of a refined interpretation of the monetary term **zaizowzńa. In the first part of paper the etymology of the word **zaizowzńa, that derived from the Sasanian monetary term zūzā ‘dirham’ is offered and justified. The Albanian umbrella term **zaizowzńa indicated a general concept of a ‘zuza-like (coin)’, which unified wide range of various imitations of Hormizd IV’s silver coins (or ZWZWN, as they named in Pahlavi on coins), struck in the end of the 6th century after defeating of Varhrān Čōbīn in 592 as payment to the Byzantine army, as well as typologically close to them pre-reform Islamic coins of the Sasanian type struck in the 7th – beginning of 8th centuries (so-called Arab-Sasanian coins). In the Caucasian Albanian Gospel of John the word **zaizowzńa was used to translate the Greek δηναρίων, but in the corresponding places of Armenian or Georgian translations were used another words — dahekan/drahkani, denar or satiri/statiri (etymology of these words also discussed and shown that they are not related to Sasanian zūzā). Thus, the use of a special term for Greek δηναρίων is not associated with the established translation tradition and unequivocally indicates its local, Caucasian Albanian origin. The period of time when **zaizowzńa coins were used in the Transcaucasia is outlined, and it is shown that the Sinai edition of the Albanian Gospel of John was completed between the beginning of the 6th century and the beginning of the 10th century. Pt. II: The second part of the article continues the study of question of the the time and place of the creation of the Caucasian Albanian palimpsest (Gospel of John) on the basis of a refined interpretation of the monetary term **zaizowzńa (which was done in the first part of the article). Based on the conclusions of the first part that word **zaizowzńa used as generalized name for Sasanian-type silver coins, the second part of the article studies distribution of these coins in the South Caucasus. Hoards with such coins were analyzed and the geographically compact area with their highest concentration, where the coins designated by the term **zaizowzńa have been in circulation for the longest time is determined. The identified region coincides with the Kingdom of Heretʽi (late 8th – early 11th centuries), located in the upper part of the Alazani valley. On the basis of numismatic mapping of hoards with **zaizowzńa and their single finds, the borders of the Kingdom of Heretʽi (different from the limits of ancient Lpinia-Heretʽi in the broad sense) were clarified, and its subregions were determined. Based on the analysis of the meaning of the Gospel termin **zaizowzńa, the analysis of the area and time of circulation of these coins, it is concluded that the Albanian palimpsest could have been created in the Kingdom of Heretʽi, where **zaizowzńa remained in circulation until the end of the 9th century, and until the first half of the 11th century the Armenian Christianity prevailed (which was followed by the Caucasian Albanians, who used the liturgic Caucasian Albanian language).

2014

This book is the outcome of the International Symposium on Clause Linking in Semitic Languages, Kivik, Sweden, 5-7 August 2012. A strong incentive for the symposium was the renewed interest, in recent years, in the nature of non-main clause linking. Current research has brought into focus the concept of a main line and digressions from the main line in various discourse types. The conference invited papers on all related topics with emphasis on “ways of combining clauses other than through relative clause and complement clause constructions”. The editors are proud to present this original research for the first time to the international audience. Contents of the volume: Clause linking in Arabic dialects Heléne Kammensjö: Circumstantial Clause Combining in Oral Egyptian Arabic: A preliminary report covering aspects of asyndesis and auxiliation Maria Persson: Non-Main Clause Linking and Verb Form Switch in Syrian Arabic: Is there a circumstantial clause? Clause linking in written Arabic Hans Lagerqvist: Convergent Syntax in Modern Standard Arabic: Indefinite relative clauses and asyndetic ḥāl clauses Michal Marmorstein: Verbal Syntax and Textual Structure in Classical Arabic Prose Clause linking in Biblical Hebrew Gregor Geiger: Constructions which Precede the wayyiqṭōl Chain in Biblical Hebrew Bo Isaksson: Archaic Biblical Hebrew Poetry: The Linking of Finite Clauses Reinhard G. Lehmann: “Since, while and whilst I am a poor man.” The Legacy of Diethelm Michel’s Nominal-Clause Syntax as Applied to a Wider Field of 1st Millennium BCE Northwest Semitic Alviero Niccacci: Background Constructions inside the Main Line in Biblical Hebrew Frank Polak: The Circumstantial Clause as Trigger: Syntax, discourse and plot structure in biblical narrative Clause linking in Ethio-Semitic Lutz Edzard: Complex predicates and Circumstantial Clause Combining (CCC): Serial Verbs and Converbs in a Comparative Semitic Perspective Clause linking in East Semitic Eran Cohen: The Domain: A Formal Syntactic Unit Above Sentence Level

This text briefly covers some of the issues related to the movement of Chinese goods on the India route -the Carreira da Índia -in the late 16 th and early 17 th centuries. Essentially it raises issues concerning more practical aspects of the trade in goods originating in China, from their shipment in Malacca until they reached the European ports, having travelled a very long distance by sea, a journey that could take as long as two years, with shorter or longer stopovers in Macao and Goa. Many of the records referring to this maritime trade disappeared without a trace. Most were engulfed by the infamous Lisbon earthquake of 1755 which destroyed the India House -or Casa da Índia -and its priceless archives. Alternative sources have then to be sought, a process that is attempted in this survey.

2023

2015

The U.S. power grid is one of the largest installations of critical infrastructure in the world, the failure of which can cause significant socioeconomic damage. Due to the complexities involved in providing reliable power to customers over long distances, the grid’s engineers rely on industrial automation technology to make important operational decisions. This technology exposes the grid to the risk of electronic attack. In this paper, I describe the operation of the power grid and the control loops which govern it. I examine the industrial automation system that maintains the grid, and use it to present a model of the power grid as a cyber-physical system. Using this model, I enumerate the surfaces the grid exposes to electronic attack, and delve into several specific theoretical attacks. I conclude with an assessment of the grid’s overall susceptibility to electronic attack, and discuss attractive directions for future research.