The origin of Russian stress (paradigmatical accent systems)

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elfhtybt yf ajhvfynt jrjyxfybz- d lheub[ yf yfxfkt ckjdjajhvs- cjjndtncndtyyj- yf ghjrkbnbrt- tckb r 'njq ckjdjajhvt ghbcjtlbyzkfcm ghjrkbnbrf&- ghb dnjhjv nbgt ceaabrcjd ghjbpdjlyjt gjkexfkj ytgjldb;yjt elfhtybt yf ceaabrct= Gthdsq nbg ceaabrcjd% /my/ Jn bvtyb ytgjldb;yjuj frwtynyjuj nbgf @cbukf- cbuks- cbukt- cbuke b ukty`, f. cbukmyf, n. cbukmyj @nfr XIV d=& / jnhf;ftncz d cjn=l=&% cb dhtvtyyjv cbukmysq= Jn bvtyb gjldb;yjuj frwtynyjuj nbgf @herfu- herbu- heure @yfu here&uq- vy=x= heurb @yfu herb&- herfuv b n=g=&% h2uxmy`, f. h2xmyf u, n. herj uxmyj @nfr XIV d=& - jnhf;ftncz d cjdhtvtyyjv hexyjuq= h2 Dnjhjq nbg ceaabrcjd% /bw/ uJn bvtyb ytgjldb;yjuj frwtynyjuj nbgf% cnfuhbwf @ch= cnfuhsq- cnf uhjt / rhfnrbt ajhvs XIV-XVI d=% cnfuh`- cnfuhf- cnfuhj&. hfz- cnf 4 Jn bvtyb gjldb;yjuj frwtynyjuj nbgf% vjkjlbuwf @ch= vjkjljuq- vjkju u lfz- vjkjljt / rhfnrbt ajhvs cj[hfybkb gjldb;yjcnm b d cjdhtvtyyjv ukjlj&. zpsrt% vjukjl- vjkjlfu- vj Ghjdtltyyjt bpextybt b htrjycnherwbz ghfckfdzycrjq b ,fknj/ckfdzycrjq frwtynyjq cbcntvs gjpdjkztn cltkfnm dsdjl j uke,byyjq cnherneht nfrjq cbcntvs= Vt;le- rfpfkjcm ,s- hfpyjhjlysvb [fhfrnthbcnbrfvb j,ce;lftvjq cbcntvs% nhflbwbjyyjcnm. ds,jhf f=g= ytghjbpdjlys[- ghfdbkfvb ds,jhf ghjbpdjlys[- dbljv frwtynys[ rhbds[ b ajyjkjubxtcrbv cnfnecjv ajhv/'yrkbyjvtyjd- jxtdblyj- ceotcndetn uke,byyfz cdzpm= Njn afrn- xnj nhflbwbjyyfz f=g= ytghjbpdjlys[ jghtltkztn ds,jh frwtynys[ nbgjd ghjbpdjlys[- erfpsdftn yf nj- xnj bvtyyj rjhytdjq vjhatvt @f yt jcyjdt bkb ckjde d wtkjv& cktletn ghbgbcfnm ytrjt @vjhajyjkjubxtcrjt& rfxtcndj / $dfktynyjcnm$- / jghtltkz.ott ds,jh frwtynyjuj nbgf- ghb 'njv nfrb[ $dfktynyjcntq$ jrfpsdftncz ldt% jlyf bp yb[ jghtltkztn vtcnj brnecf @elfhtybz& yf rjhyt rfr d ytghjbpdjlys[nfr b d ghjbpdjlys[ @gthdfz dfktynyjcnm&- lheufz yt jghtltkztn @dnjhfz dfktynyjcnm&= "njve hfp,btyb. rjhytds[ vjhatv cjjndtncndetn hfp,btybt ceaabrcjd% II rkfcc ceaabrcjd jghtltkztn gjcnfyjdre brnecf @ghb rjhytdjq vjhatvt 2/q dfktynyjcnb& / rkfcc 1/q dfktynyjcnb^ I rkfcc ceaabrcjd yt jghtltkztn gjcnfyjdre brnecf / rkfcc 2/q dfktynyjcnb= Yfrjytw- fyfkbpbhez jnyjitybz d frwtynyjq rhbdjq gjldb;yjuj frwtynyjuj nbgf- vs dblbv- xnj 'nb ;t $dfktynyjcnb$ vjuen ,snm ghbgbcfys vjhatvfv jrjyxfybq% jrjyxfybzv- ytceobv yf ct,t brnec @ghb rjhyz[ b ceaabrcf[ 2/q dfktynyjcnb& vj;tn ,snm ghbgbcfyf dfktynyjcnm gthdjuj nbgf @hfdyfz dfktynyjcnb rjhytq ytghjbpdjlys[ bvty 1/q f=g=&- jrjyxfybzv ,tpelfhysv @ghb rjhyz[ b ceaabrcf[ cj dnjhjq dfktynyjcnm.& / dfktynyjcnm dnjhjuj nbgf= Df;ysv vjvtynjv- gjlndth;lf.obv 'nj hfp,btybt- zdkztncz njn afrn- xnj ckjdjajhvs- cjcnjzobt bcrk.xbntkmyj bp vjhatv c $dfktynyjcnzvb$ dnjhjuj nbgf- j,kflfkb ajyjkjubxtcrbv cnfnecjv ,tpelfhyjcnb @nj tcnm ,skb 'yrkbyjvtyfvb&= 5 Jxtdblyj- xnj vt;le $dfktynyjcnzvb$ ceotcndetn bthfh[bxtcrfz pfdbcbvjcnm- rjnjhe. vj;yj jghtltkbnm rfr jnyjitybt $ljvbyfynyjcnb / htwtccbdyjcnb$% ghb yfkbxbb vjhatvs gthdjq dfktynyjcnb gjkj;tybt brnecf jghtltkztncz t.- ytpfdbcbvj jn yfkbxbz- rjkbxtcndf b hfcgjkj;tybz jnyjcbntkmyj ytt vjhatv dnjhjq dfktynyjcnb= Bc[jlz bp 'njq bthfh[bb- kturj gjkexbnm ghfdbkj gjcnfyjdrb brnecf d ,fknj/ckfdzycrjv= Lkz 'njuj bcgjkmpetncz cktle.obq ghbtv= Ddtltv cgtwbfkmyst gjvtns ghb vjhatvf[% vjhatvf gthdjq dfktynyjcnb gjkexbn gjvtne @§&- vjhatvf dnjhjq dfktynyjcnb / gjvtne @-&= J,ott $rjynehyjt ghfdbkj$- htuekbhe.ott gjcnfyjdre brnecf @elfhtybz& dj dct[ nbgf[ gjcktljdfntkmyjcntq vjhatv d ,fknj/ckfdzycrjvvj;yj cajhvekbhjdfnm cktle.obv j,hfpjv% brnec cnfdbncz d yfxfkt gthdjq gjcktljdfntkmyjcnb vjhatv dscitq dfktynyjcnb @gjcktljdfntkmyjcnm. d lfyyjv ckexft cxbnftncz b jlbyjxyfz vjhatvf&= Djpvj;yj- xnj d gjcktljdfntkmyjcnb vjhatv bcrk.xbntkmyj @/&/dfktynyjcnb brnec- gflfdibq d cjjndtncndbb c ghfdbkjv yf yfxfkj gjcktljdfntkmyjcnb- ajytnbxtcrb jnkbxfkcz jn brnecf- cnfdbditujcz d jcnfkmys[ ckexfz[= Jxtdblyj- xnj ghb extnt cbynfrcbxtcrb[ pfrjyjvthyjcntq jhufybpfwbb cbynfuvfnbxtcrb[ tlbycnd @nfrnjds[ uhegg& nfrjt hfccvjnhtybt vj;yj gthtytcnb b yf nfrnjdst uheggs% na,c vocz-c̀ (acc. sg.), nac vocz-c̀ b z, e x , , (acc. sg.); ne s\ c oc-krc̀v-acv-ic-lc-c̀ (l-part.), ne c oc-krc̀v-acv-ic-lc-c̀ x (lb b b, part.), s,̀ c-dmcrz-jc-&c (1.sg.), sc̀-dmcrz-jc-&c zex s\ x (1.sg.) b gjl= Ecnfyjdktyyfz nfrbv j,hfpjv vjhajyjkjubxtcrfz cbcntvf frwtynjdrb ,fknj/ckfdzycrjuj b ghfckfdzycrjuj zpsrjd dspsdfkf gjljphtybt- xnj vjhajyjkjubxtcrbv tlbybwfv- yfpdfyysv Œdfktynyjcnzvb™ d rfrjq/nj gthbjl ljk;ys ,skb cjjndtncndjdfnm rfrbt/nj ajyjkjubxtcrbt zdktybz= Nbgjkjubxtcrjt cjgjcnfdktybt c hzljv fahbrfycrb[ zpsrjd gjrfpfkj- xnj nfrbv zdktybtv vjukb ,snm htubcnhjdst njys- ghb rjnjhs[ d 'nb[ zpsrf[ elfhtybt gflftn yf gthdsq dscjrbq njy bkb ghjcnj yf gthdsq ckju ckjdjajhvs- tckb e yt? dct njys ybprbt= Bynthghtnfwbz frwtynefwbjyys[ dfktynyjcntq @/& b @§& rfr jnj,hf- 6 ;tybq ghfzpsrjds[ ybprjuj b dscjrjuj htubcnhjds[ njyjd [jhjij gjllth;bdf.ncz nbgjkjubxtcrbvb cjgjcnfdktybzvb @ch= rjynehyst ghfdbkf- nj;ltcndtyyst ,fknj/ckfdzycrbv- d djcnjxyjcf[fhcrb[ zpsrf[ b ghjwtccs cnfyjdktybz d yb[ gfhflbuvfnbxtcrb[ frwtynys[ cbcntv @uheggf ntlf/rfyehb- cv= Ls,j 1987c- Dybo 1987, Dybo 1994c, 1994d, Ls,j 1995&= Ceotcnde.n b dyenhb,fknj/ckfdzycrbt lfyyst- gjllth;bdf.obt 'ne bynthghtnfwb.= Jlyfrj lkz fyfkbpf 'nb[ lfyys[ ytj,[jlbvj bvtnm ghtlcnfdktybt j lde[ ghjcjlbxtcrb[ zdktybz[ ,fknj/ckfdzycrjuj- rjnjhs[ z yt rfcfkcz% 'nj / fren b wbhrevaktrc= Lkz gjybvfybz lfkmytqituj ljcnfnjxyj pyfnm- xnj fren / 'nj kjvfyfz ckjujdfz bynjyfwbz c djc[jlzotq xfcnm. yf gthdjq vjht ckjuf b gfltybtv yf dnjhjq- wbhrevaktrc / ckjujdfz bynjyfwbz c gjdsitybtv njyf yf dnjhjq vjht ckjuf- b djpybrkb jyb gj ghfdbkfv lt Cjcc.hf b <twwty,thuthf= D hf,jnt 1982 ujlf C=K= Ybrjkftd b C=F= Cnfhjcnby ecnfyjdbkbxnj vj;yj yf vjhajyjkjubxtcrb[ jcyjdfybz[ ghjdtcnb hfp,btybt ukfujkmys[ rjhytq yf ldt uheggs- cjjndtncnde.ob[ ,fknjckfdzycrjve hfp,btyb. gj dfktynyjcnzv= D hf,jnt 1983 b 1986 C=K= Ybrjkftdsv ,skj ecnfyjdktyj- xnj uhtrj/fhbqcrbt vfnthbfks gjpdjkz.n ghjdtcnb ,byfhyjt hfp,btybt ghbrjhytds[ byljtdhjgtqcrb[ ceaabrcjd= D lfkmytqitv C=K= Ybrjkftd gjrfpfk- xnj I rkfcce uhtrj/fhbqcrb[ ceaabrcjd cjjndtncndetn rkfcc ,fknj/ckfdzycrb[ ghbrjhytds[ $ljvbyfynys[$ ceaabrcjdn=t= @§&/ceaabrcjd- f II rkfcce uhtrj/fhbqcrb[ ceaabrcjd / rkfcc ,fknj/ckfdzycrb[ ghbrjhytds[ $htwtccbdys[$ ceaabrcjd- n=t= @/&/ceaabrcjd= Rfr b cktljdfkj j;blfnm ghb $htwtccbdys[$ ceaabrcf[ ghjbpdjlyst cj[hfyzkb frwtynye. gfhflbuve ghjbpdjlzob[- njulf rfr ghb $ljvbyfynys[$ ceaabrcf[ ghjbpdjlyst gjkexfkb ytgjldb;ysq frwtynysq nbg ytpfdbcbvj jn frwtynyjq gfhflbuvs ghjbpdjlzotuj= Yfhzle c 'nbv ghtlcrfpsdftvsv ntjhbtq htpekmnfnjv ,sk gjkexty nfr;t htpekmnfn- rjnjhsq ytgjchtlcndtyyj ntjhbtq yt ghtlcrfpsdfkcz% jrfpfkjcm- xnj d ghjbpdjlys[ c $ljvbyfynysvb$ ceaabrcfvb jn frenbhjdfyys[ rjhytq $htwtccbdyjuj$- n=t= @/&/rkfccf- ghjbc[jlbn vtnfnjybz 7 $fren % wbhrevaktrc$ @n=t= gthdbxysq fren pfvtyztncz wbhrevaktrcjv&njulf rfr d 'nb[ ;t ghjbpdjlys[ jn frenbhjdfyys[ rjhytq $ljvbyfynyjuj$- n=t= @§&/rkfccf- vtnfnjybz jncencndetn @n=t= gthdbxysq fren cj[hfyztncz&= Bnfr j,ce;lftvjt bccktljdfybt dszdbkj- xnj ghb j,hfpjdfybb ghjbpdjlys[ c ljvbyfynysvb ceaabrcfvb [n=t= c @§&/ceaabrcfvb] 'nb ghjbpdjlyst gjkexfkb ytgjldb;ye. frwtynye. gfhflbuve c gjcnjzyysv elfhtybtv yf rjhyt @1 f=g=& ytpfdbcbvj jn frwtynefwbjyyjq dfktynyjcnb rjhytdjq vjhatvs= Ghb 'njv- jlyfrj- d gthdbxyj frenbhjdfyys[ rjhyz[ c @/&/dfktynyjcnm. ghjbc[jlbkf pfvtyf frenjdjq bynjyfwbb yf wbhrevaktrcjde. @$vtnfnjybz$&= D ghjbpdjlys[ c htwtccbdysvb ceaabrcfvb rf;lfz ktrctvf gjkexfkf frwtynye. gfhflbuve d cjjndtncndbb c frwtynefwbjyyjq dfktynyjcnm. rjhytdjq vjhatvs% ghjbpdjlyst c @§&/rjhyzvb gjkexfkb ytgjldb;ye. frwtynye. gfhflbuve @1 f=g=&- ghjbpdjlyst c @/&/rjhyzvb / gjldb;ye. frwtynye. gfhflbuve @2 f=g=&= Ghb 'njv bynjyfwbz rjhytdjq vjhatvs yt vtyzkfcm= Ytgjldb;yfz frwtynyfz gfhflbuvf c gjcnjzyysv elfhtybtv yf rjhyt e bvty c ljvbyfynysv ceaabrcjv b gthdbxyj htwtccbdysv rjhytv jpyfxftnxnj e nfrb[ bvty ghjbc[jlbkj bpvtytybt vjhajyjkjubxtcrjuj cnfnecf rjhytdjq vjhatvs- f bvtyyj- d nfrjuj hjlf ghjbpdjlys[ jyf cnfyjdbkfcm @dnjhbxyj& ljvbyfynyjq= "nj bpvtytybt vjhajyjkjubxtcrjuj cnfnecf cjghjdj;lfkjcm e frenbhjdfyys[ rjhytq jlyjdhtvtyyjq pfvtyjq bynjyfwbb yf wbhrevaktrcjde.= Jnvtnbv- xnj cgjcj,yjcnm. bpvtyznm vjhajyjkjubxtcrbq cnfnec cvt;yjq vjhatvs j,kflfkb- gj/dblbvjve- kbim gthdbxyst ceaabrcs= Nfrjt hfpkbxbt d vjhajyjkjubxtcrjv gjdtltybb dnjhbxys[ b gthdbxys[ ceaabrcjd- f hfdyj b cjcnfdkz.ob[ dnjhbxys[ ceaabrcjd- gjdblbvjve- cdbltntkmcndetn j ckj;yjv [fhfrntht cnfnecf ljvbyfynyjcnb= Vj;yj jnhfpbnm ecnfyjdktyyst yfvb hfpkbxbz d nbgt ljvbyfynyjcnb cjjndtncnde.otq vfhrbhjdrjq= Lkz j,jpyfxtybz gthdbxyjq ljvbyfynyjcnb rjhytqgthdbxys[ ceaabrcjd b cjjndtncnde.ob[ xfcntq dnjhbxys[ ceaabrcjd 8 jcnfdbv pyfr @§&- lkz j,jpyfxtybz dnjhbxyjq ljvbyfynyjcnb rjhytq b @‡&= cjjndtncnde.ob[ xfcntq dnjhbxys[ ceaabrcjd ddtltv pyfr Ghtlcnfdktyyst C=K= Ybrjkftdsv b C=F= Cnfhjcnbysv lhtdytbylbqcrbt b lhtdytuhtxtcrbt 'njn dsdjl @cv= lfyyst- Ybrjkftd- dblbvj- ljcnfnjxyj Cnfhjcnby 1982- yflt;yj c=283/290^ gjlndth;lf.n Ybrjkftd 1986- c=183/200&= Hfccvjnhbv lbcnhb,ewbjyyst [fhfrnthbcnbrb ghjwtccf @/& % @‡&% 1= jy ghjbc[jlbn yf k.,jv ckjujdjv jnhtprt- vfhrbhjdfyyjv pyfrjv @/&- rjkbxtcndj bkb rfxtcndj 'njuj ckjuf- gj/dblbvjve rfrjq/kb,j ceotcndtyyjq hjkb yt buhftn^ 2= jy ghjbc[jlbn d ytgjchtlcndtyyjq ,kbpjcnb @cvt;yjcnb& r cktle.otve pf ybv pderjdjve jnhtpre- d yflt;yj ecnfyjdktyys[ ckexfz[ ckjujdjve- vfhrbhjdfyyjve pyfrjv @§&- rfrb[/kb,j juhfybxtybq ghjwtccf rjkbxtcndjv bkb rfxtcndjv lfyyjuj ckjujdjuj jnhtprf yt j,yfhe;tyj^ 3= yf rhfnrjcnys[ b wbhrevaktrnbhjdfyys[ ckjuf[ ajytnbxtcrb lfyysq ghjwtcc ybrfr yt ghjzdkztncz- d gthdjyfxfkmyj frenbhjdfyys[ ckjuf[ jy gthtdjlbn frenjde. bynjyfwb. d wbhrevaktrc @u % n&= Nfrbt lbcnhb,ewbjyyst jcj,tyyjcnb 'njuj ghjwtccf erfpsdf.n yf fccbvbkzwbjyysq tuj [fhfrnth- n=t= vs bvttv crjhtt dctuj ltkj c htpekmnfnjv njyjdjq fccbvbkzwbb= Vj;yj gjgsnfnmcz ,jktt njxyj jghtltkbnm ajytnbxtcrbq [fhfrnth rfr cfvjuj 'njuj ghjwtccf- nfr b 'ktvtynjd- exfcnde.ob[ d ytv% 1& Jxtdblyj- xnj vs bvttv ltkj kbim c xfcnbxyjq fccbvbkzwbtq- n=t= @‡& yt hfdyztncz @§&- nfr rfr d ckjut c vfhrbhjdrjq @‡& u % n- njulf rfr d ckjuf[ c vfhrbhjdrjq @§& fren yt bpvtyztn- cz= 2& Vj;yj levfnm- xnj [fhfrnth cfvjuj ghjwtccf u % n rfr/nj cdzpfy c ajytnbxtcrbv [fhfrnthjv 'ktvtynjd- ghbybvfdib[ d ytv exfcnbt- n=t= @/& b @§&^ ghb xfcnbxys[ ghjcjlbxtcrb[ fccbvbkzwbz[ j,sxyj ghjcjlbxtcrfz [fhfrnthbcnbrf gthdjq xfcnb ckjuf @gthdjq vjhs& cj[hfyztn ,kbpjcnm r gthdjyfxfkmyjq njulf rfr ghjcjlbxtcrfz ghjcjlbxtcrjq [fhfrnthbcnbrt [fhfrnthbcnbrf dnjhjq xfcnb lfyyjuj ckjuf ckjuf@dnjhjq vjhs& egjlj,kztncz ghjcjlbxtcrjq [fhfrnthbcnbrt ckjuf- rjnjhsq cnbvekbhetn fccbvbkzwb.- n=t= ckjuf- cvt;yjuj c ntv- d rjnjhjv ghjbpjikf 9 @d lfyyjv ckexft& vtnfnjybz= 3& Wbhrevaktrc d kbnjdcrjv ghtlcnfdkztn cj,jq djc[jlzoe. bynjyfwb.- b ytn cthmtpys[ jcyjdfybq cxbnfnm- xnj jy ,sk rfxtcndtyyj bysv d ,fknj/ckfdzycrjv= "nj lftn jcyjdfybt gjkfufnm- xnj ghjcjlbxtcrbt [fhfrnthbcnbrb- ghbybvfdibt exfcnbt d hfccvfnhbdftvjv ghjwtcct- ,skb- crjhtt dctuj- htubcnhjdsvb njyfvb% vfhrbhjdrt @/& cjjndtncndjdfk ybprbq njy- vfhrbhjdrt @§& / dscjrbq njy= D 'njv ckexft ghb htuhtccbdyjq xfcnbxyjq fccbvbkzwbb d gjhzlrt @/«§& yf gthdjv ckjut ljk;ty ,sk djpybryenm djc[jlzobq njy% 1--1-1 % 1--1-1 % - 1h‰ ¦ 1 1= "njn fccbvbkzwbjyysq djc[jlzobq njy rfr ,s dpkjvfk djpybrf.obq gj ghfdbkfv lt Cjcc.hf b <twwty,thuthf fren b cjplfk yf 'njv @gthdjv& ckjut bynjyfwb.- ljcnfnjxyj ,kbpre. ajytnbxtcrb r ,fknj/ckfdzycrjve wbhrevaktrce- d lfkmytqitv cjdgfdie. c ybv= Cjrhfotybz b jcyjdyfz kbnthfnehf <twwty,thuth / Bezzenberger A. Zum Baltischen Vocalismus. 1881, XVII. <elvfyb / // BB, Budmani P. Grammatica della lingua serbo-croata (illi- rica). Vienna, 1867. Ls,j 1981b / Ls,j D=F= Ckfdzycrfz frwtynjkjubz= Jgsn htrjycnherwbb cbcntvs frwtynys[ gfhflbuv d ghfckfdzycrjv= V=- 1981= Ls,j 1987c / Ls,j D=F= Ghjcjlbxtcrfz cbcntvf ne,e @uheggf ntlf/rfyehb& / yfxfkj nhfycajhvfwbb njyfkmyjq cbcntvs d cbcntve gfhflbuvfnbxtcrjuj frwtynf(##Fahbrfycrjt bcnjhbxtcrjt zpsrjpyfybt= V=- 1987= Ls,j 2000 / Ls,j D=F= Vjhajyjkjubpjdfyyst gfhflbuvfnbxtcrbt frwtynyst cbcntvs= Nbgjkjubz b utytpbc= N= I. V=- 2000. Ls,j 1995 / Ls,j D=F= Frwtynefwbjyyst ghjwtccs d zpsrf[ uheggs ntlf/rfyehb b ghj,ktvf ghjbc[j;ltybz gfhflbuvfnbxtcrb[ frwtynys[ cbcntv= ## Vjcrjdcrbq kbyudbcnbxtcrbq ;ehyfk- ! 1= Ls,j 2005 / Ls,j D=F= Hf,jns T=L= Gjkbdfyjdf gj zgjycrbv frwtynysv cbcntvfv b j,ofz frwtynjkjubz= ## Frnefkmyst djghjcs zgjycrjuj b j,otuj zpsrjpyfybz= Gfvznb B=A= Dfhlekz= V=- 2005= Pfkbpyzr / Pfkbpyzr F=F= Uhfvvfnbxtcrbq ckjdfhm heccrjuj zpsrf= V=- 1977= Bkkbx/Cdbnsx / Bkkbx/Cdbnsx D=V= Bvtyyfz frwtynefwbz d ,fknbqcrjv b ckfdzycrjv= V=- 1963= Ybrjkftd 1983 / Ybrjkftd C=K= R bcnjhbxtcrjq vjhajyjkjubb lhtdytuhtxtcrjuj ukfujkf= ## <fknj/ckfdzycrbt bccktljdfybz 1982= V=1983. 10 Ybrjkftd 1986 / Ybrjkftd C=K= <fknj/ckfdzycrfz frwtynyfz cbcntvf b t? byljtdhjgtqcrbt bcnjrb= Rfyl=lbc= V=- 1986= Ybrjkftd 1989 / Ybrjkftd C=K= <fknj/ckfdzycrfz frwtynyfz cbcntvf b t? byljtdhjgtqcrbt bcnjrb= // Bcnjhbxtcrfz frwtynjkjubz b chfdybntkmyj/bcnjhbxtcrbq vtnjl= V=- 1989= Ybrjkftd- Cnfhjcnby 1982 / Ybrjkftd C=K=- Cnfhjcnby C=F= Gfhflbuvfnbxtcrbt rkfccs byljtdhjgtqcrjuj ukfujkf= ## <fknj/ckfdzycrbt bccktljdfybz 1981= V=- 1982= Gjkbdfyjd / Gjkbdfyjd T=L= Vepsrfkmyjt elfhtybt d ujdjht Njrbj= ## Bpd= bvg= Frfl= yfer- 1915= Cjcc.h / Athlbyfyl lt Cjcc.h= R djghjce j kbnjdcrjq frwtynefwbb @Bynjyfwbz b elfhtybt d cj,cndtyyjv cvvsckt ckjdf&= ## Athlbyfyl lt Cjcc.h= Nhels gj zpsrjpyfyb.= V=- 1977= Zrj,cjy / Zrj,cjy H=J= Jgsn ajyjkjubxtcrjuj gjl[jlf r bcnjhbxtcrbv djghjcfv ckfdzycrjq frwtynjkjubb= Gjplybq gthbjl ckfdzycrjq zpsrjdjq ghfbcnjhbb= ## American Contributions to the Fifth Internatio- nal Congress of Slavists. Sofia, September 1963, Vol.1, The Hague. Dybo 1987 / Dybo V.A. On the origin of morphonemicized accent systems. // Proceedings of the XI. International Congress of Phonetic Sciences (Tallinn, August 1-7, 1987), 2, Tallinn, 1987. Dybo 1994c of Teda-Kanuri / Dybo V.A. Accentuation processes in the languages group and problem of origin of paradigmatic systems. // St.Petersburg Journal of African Studies, Dybo 1994d of Teda-Kanuri systems 1994. (end). / !2, accent 1994. Dybo V.A. Accentuation processes in the languages group // and problem St.Petersburg of origin Journal of of paradigmatic African accent Studies, !3,