Recently, the idea of “domain tuning” or customizing lexicons to improve results in machine trans... more Recently, the idea of “domain tuning” or customizing lexicons to improve results in machine translation and summarization tasks has driven the need for better testing and training corpora. Traditional methods of automated document identification rely on word-based methods to find the genre, domain, or authorship of a document. However, the ability to select good training corpora, especially when it comes to machine translation systems, requires automated document selection methods that do not rely on the traditional lexically-based techniques. Because syntactic structures and syntactic feature densities can heavily affect machine translation quality, syntactic feature-based methods of document selection should be used in choosing training and testing corpora. This paper provides evidence that document genres can be distinguished on the basis of syntactic-tag densities alone, supporting the idea that automated document identification is possible using alternative methods. Such methods would be ideal for creating syntactically as well as lexically balanced corpora for both genre and subject matter.
The Real and Virtual Worlds of Spatial Planning, 2004
... Landscape and Memory, he describes landscape as an explicitly sensual and aesthetic phenomeno... more ... Landscape and Memory, he describes landscape as an explicitly sensual and aesthetic phenomenon grounded ... of prime importance, and can unabashedly re-late it back to Plato's Allegory of ... Movism: Prologue to a New Visual Theory in Landscape Architecture 205 short films ...
This is by far the most substantial biography of Harrison to date, and it will endure as the stan... more This is by far the most substantial biography of Harrison to date, and it will endure as the standard account of its subject for many years to come. The book is massively researched, the author having read virtually all the secondary sources relevant to his topic, and mined all the pertinent manuscripts in national and local archives. Farr rightly emphasises Harrison's millenarian providentialist Fifth Monarchism as the mainspring of his military and political activism. It was his religion that gave him the courage to risk his life on the battlefield, and the boldness to demand that Charles Stuart, 'that man of blood', should be brought to trial for his supposed crimes against the godly. Farr vigorously contests the view of previous historians that Harrison had little aptitude for the humdrum daily work of politics. He points to the many committees on which Harrison served, the number of times that he acted as a teller in parliamentary divisions, and his membership of the Council of State: 'Harrison was no other-worldly millenarian, but was involved in practical politics' (p. ). Yet Farr has to admit that his attendance at the Council of State was patchy, and that he was not able to exploit his committee memberships to obtain patronage for his friends. Nor was he a match for his chief political rival, Major-General John Lambert, who came out on top in his struggle for Cromwell's support for his proposed constitution for England in . The book brings to light several fascinating details for the first time. In the s, for example, Harrison bought land in Bedford, which he used to support fellow religious radicals, among them John Bunyan, author of The pilgrim's progress (p. ). Farr also comments on the death of Harrison's first-born son, a mere two days after the execution of Charles I, of which he was one of the leading proponents: 'Whatever Harrison's reaction to the death of his first son, part of it would have been a reflection on providence and in the context of the politics of regicide' (p. ). Harrison himself made an implicit connexion between the two events, when he admitted at his own trial in that 'I have many times sought the Lord with Tears to know if I had done amiss in it' (quoted at p. ). IAN GENTLES TYNDALE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, TORONTO Settling the peace of the Church. revisited. Edited by N. H. Keeble. Pp. xvii + . Oxford: Oxford University Press, . £. JEH () ; doi:./S Occasionally we can still see notices outside English parish churches declaring ' services here'. Until recent times the Church of England's service book was the text revised at the Restoration. If '' endures for its aesthetic appeal among traditionally-minded Anglicans, the date was cruelly cut into the collective memory of English Nonconformity, for it marked permanently their expulsion, for a generation their repression, and indefinitely their marginalisation. Puritanism ceased to be a reforming tendency within the Church and became a set of
Some practical advice from two veteran LBO advisers can help potential owner‐managers navigate th... more Some practical advice from two veteran LBO advisers can help potential owner‐managers navigate the unexpected twists and turns of this transaction.
Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies, 1976
The subject of this essay is a tract written by the noted antiquary, legalist, parliamentarian an... more The subject of this essay is a tract written by the noted antiquary, legalist, parliamentarian and sometime courtier, Sir Robert Cotton. Entitled, “Twenty-Four Arguments,” and composed sometime between March, 1617 and early January, 1618, it dealt with the problems posed to the English State and Church by the Roman Catholics and concerned itself, in particular, with the question of whether Popish priests should be executed or imprisoned for life. The “Twenty-Four Arguments” appeared under that name in the Cottoni Posthuma, a collection of Cotton's writings, published in three editions between 1651 and 1679. However, the first actual publication of this treatise occurred in 1641, when it was put out independently by two printers, each giving it a different title. In addition, it is quite likely that the tract circulated in manuscript before it appeared in printed form. This brief excursion into the publication history of the “Twenty-Four Arguments” indicates that it was the subje...
Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies, 1982
One striking feature of the debates in the early stages of the Long Parliament was the universali... more One striking feature of the debates in the early stages of the Long Parliament was the universality with which the policies of the Caroline bishops were condemned. There is no more vivid evidence of how widespread lay disaffection from the episcopal bench had become by 1640 than the breadth of criticism leveled against it from all sides of the Commons. The new model Anglicanism erected by archbishop Laud and his supporters was shown to be a jerry built facade, a cadre of generals without battalions, a clerical elite without a lay following. Among those who most forcefully challenged the policies of the prelates was Lucius Cary, Viscount Falkland, scholar, author, and host of the Tew circle, that discussion group of liberal laymen and clerics, immortalized by Clarendon, which met at Falkland's country seat in Oxfordshire during the 1630s.1 His views were particularly important, first because he was widely respected for his integrity and seriousness of purpose. As C.V. Wedgwood po...
Today, technologies based on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are routinely applied to biological sy... more Today, technologies based on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are routinely applied to biological systems with diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. The paradigmatic example is the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a technique that uses the magnetic moments of MNPs as a disturbance of the proton resonance to obtain images. Similarly, magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) uses MNPs as heat generators to induce localized cell death. The physical basis of these techniques relies on the interaction with external magnetic fields, and therefore the magnetic moment of the particles has to be maximized for these applications. Targeted drug-delivery based on 'smart' nanoparticles is the next step towards more efficient oncologic therapies, by delivering a minimal dose of drug only to the vicinity of the target. Current improvements in this fields relay on a) particle functionalization with specific ligands for targeting cell membrane receptors and b) loading MNPs onto cells (e.g., dendritic cells, T-cells, macrophages) having an active role in tumor grow. Here we review the current state of research on applications of magnetic carriers for cancer therapy, discussing the advances and drawbacks of both passive and targeted delivery of MNPs. The most promising strategies for targeted delivery of MNPs are analyzed, evaluating the expected impact on clinical MRI and MFH protocols.
Objective: The stimulated release of the calcium-binding glial protein S100B is known for its cap... more Objective: The stimulated release of the calcium-binding glial protein S100B is known for its capability to enhance hippocampal neurogenesis and to improve cognitive recovery following traumatic brain injury (TBI). On the other hand, S100B may trigger microglial activation thereby contributing to neurodegeneration[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]
Iron oxide-based contrast agents have been in clinical use for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) o... more Iron oxide-based contrast agents have been in clinical use for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of lymph nodes, liver, intestines, and the cardiovascular system. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have high potential as a contrast agent for MRI, but no intravenous iron oxide-containing agents are currently approved for clinical imaging. The aim of our work was to analyze the hemocompatibility and immuno-safety of a new type of dextran-coated SPIONs (SPIONdex) and to characterize these nanoparticles with ultra-high-field MRI. Key parameters related to nanoparticle hemocompatibility and immuno-safety were investigated in vitro and ex vivo. To address concerns associated with hypersensitivity reactions to injectable nanoparticulate agents, we analyzed complement activation-related pseudoallergy (CARPA) upon intravenous administration of SPIONdex in a pig model. Furthermore, the size-tunability of SPIONdex and the effects of size reduction on their biocompatibility were...
Malignant gliomas are one of the most devastating cancers in humans. One characteristic hallmark ... more Malignant gliomas are one of the most devastating cancers in humans. One characteristic hallmark of malignant gliomas is their cellular heterogeneity with frequent genetic lesions and disturbed gene expression levels conferring selective growth advantage. Here, we report on the neuronal-associated growth promoting gene PRG3 executing oncogenic cooperation in gliomas. We have identified perturbed PRG3 levels in human malignant brain tumors displaying either elevated or down-regulated PRG3 levels compared to non-transformed specimens. Further, imbalanced PRG3 levels in gliomas foster Ras-driven oncogenic amplification with increased proliferation and cell migration although angiogenesis was unaffected. Hence, PRG3 interacts with RasGEF1 (RasGRF1/CDC25), undergoes Ras-induced challenges, whereas deletion of the C-terminal domain of PRG3 (PRG3ΔCT) inhibits Ras. Moreover PRG3 silencing makes gliomas resistant to Ras inhibition. In vivo disequilibrated PRG3 gliomas show aggravated prolife...
Atherosclerosis is associated with chronic inflammatory responses of the arterial blood vessels. ... more Atherosclerosis is associated with chronic inflammatory responses of the arterial blood vessels. The previously observed protective effect of the MCS-18 substance against the initiation of atherosclerosis in a murine model was explained by its pronounced anti-inflammatory activity. Here, we investigated its impact on murine plaque progression in advanced atherosclerosis and on proatherogenic processes. ApoE-deficient mice were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks to induce atherosclerosis, followed by normal chow and intraperitoneal injections of either MCS-18 (500 μg, n = 10) or saline (n = 10) twice a week for another 12 weeks. Plaque size was reduced in MCS-18 treated mice compared to controls (p = 0.001), which was associated with a reduced size of the lipid core (p = 0.01). There was a decrease in apoptotic cells (p = 0.02), endothelial ICAM-1 expression (p < 0.001), and macrophage density (p = 0.01) in the MCS-18 group. In addition, human and murine dendritic cells (DCs) and hu...
The unfavorable application-to-tumor-dose-ratio is a drawback of conventional systemic chemothera... more The unfavorable application-to-tumor-dose-ratio is a drawback of conventional systemic chemotherapy, implying an often insufficient drug dose in the tumor being associated with severe side effects for the patient. The use of chemotherapeutics bound to magnetic nanoparticles offers several advantages. On the one hand it is possible to concentrate the chemotherapeutics in the tumor region by the use of magnetic fields, like it is done in Magnetic Drug Targeting (MDT). On the other hand magnetic particles can serve as contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that is bound to the therapeutics. Hence, the particles possibly are opening an insight into drug distribution in the tumor region directly after administration.
Recently, the idea of “domain tuning” or customizing lexicons to improve results in machine trans... more Recently, the idea of “domain tuning” or customizing lexicons to improve results in machine translation and summarization tasks has driven the need for better testing and training corpora. Traditional methods of automated document identification rely on word-based methods to find the genre, domain, or authorship of a document. However, the ability to select good training corpora, especially when it comes to machine translation systems, requires automated document selection methods that do not rely on the traditional lexically-based techniques. Because syntactic structures and syntactic feature densities can heavily affect machine translation quality, syntactic feature-based methods of document selection should be used in choosing training and testing corpora. This paper provides evidence that document genres can be distinguished on the basis of syntactic-tag densities alone, supporting the idea that automated document identification is possible using alternative methods. Such methods would be ideal for creating syntactically as well as lexically balanced corpora for both genre and subject matter.
The Real and Virtual Worlds of Spatial Planning, 2004
... Landscape and Memory, he describes landscape as an explicitly sensual and aesthetic phenomeno... more ... Landscape and Memory, he describes landscape as an explicitly sensual and aesthetic phenomenon grounded ... of prime importance, and can unabashedly re-late it back to Plato's Allegory of ... Movism: Prologue to a New Visual Theory in Landscape Architecture 205 short films ...
This is by far the most substantial biography of Harrison to date, and it will endure as the stan... more This is by far the most substantial biography of Harrison to date, and it will endure as the standard account of its subject for many years to come. The book is massively researched, the author having read virtually all the secondary sources relevant to his topic, and mined all the pertinent manuscripts in national and local archives. Farr rightly emphasises Harrison's millenarian providentialist Fifth Monarchism as the mainspring of his military and political activism. It was his religion that gave him the courage to risk his life on the battlefield, and the boldness to demand that Charles Stuart, 'that man of blood', should be brought to trial for his supposed crimes against the godly. Farr vigorously contests the view of previous historians that Harrison had little aptitude for the humdrum daily work of politics. He points to the many committees on which Harrison served, the number of times that he acted as a teller in parliamentary divisions, and his membership of the Council of State: 'Harrison was no other-worldly millenarian, but was involved in practical politics' (p. ). Yet Farr has to admit that his attendance at the Council of State was patchy, and that he was not able to exploit his committee memberships to obtain patronage for his friends. Nor was he a match for his chief political rival, Major-General John Lambert, who came out on top in his struggle for Cromwell's support for his proposed constitution for England in . The book brings to light several fascinating details for the first time. In the s, for example, Harrison bought land in Bedford, which he used to support fellow religious radicals, among them John Bunyan, author of The pilgrim's progress (p. ). Farr also comments on the death of Harrison's first-born son, a mere two days after the execution of Charles I, of which he was one of the leading proponents: 'Whatever Harrison's reaction to the death of his first son, part of it would have been a reflection on providence and in the context of the politics of regicide' (p. ). Harrison himself made an implicit connexion between the two events, when he admitted at his own trial in that 'I have many times sought the Lord with Tears to know if I had done amiss in it' (quoted at p. ). IAN GENTLES TYNDALE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, TORONTO Settling the peace of the Church. revisited. Edited by N. H. Keeble. Pp. xvii + . Oxford: Oxford University Press, . £. JEH () ; doi:./S Occasionally we can still see notices outside English parish churches declaring ' services here'. Until recent times the Church of England's service book was the text revised at the Restoration. If '' endures for its aesthetic appeal among traditionally-minded Anglicans, the date was cruelly cut into the collective memory of English Nonconformity, for it marked permanently their expulsion, for a generation their repression, and indefinitely their marginalisation. Puritanism ceased to be a reforming tendency within the Church and became a set of
Some practical advice from two veteran LBO advisers can help potential owner‐managers navigate th... more Some practical advice from two veteran LBO advisers can help potential owner‐managers navigate the unexpected twists and turns of this transaction.
Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies, 1976
The subject of this essay is a tract written by the noted antiquary, legalist, parliamentarian an... more The subject of this essay is a tract written by the noted antiquary, legalist, parliamentarian and sometime courtier, Sir Robert Cotton. Entitled, “Twenty-Four Arguments,” and composed sometime between March, 1617 and early January, 1618, it dealt with the problems posed to the English State and Church by the Roman Catholics and concerned itself, in particular, with the question of whether Popish priests should be executed or imprisoned for life. The “Twenty-Four Arguments” appeared under that name in the Cottoni Posthuma, a collection of Cotton's writings, published in three editions between 1651 and 1679. However, the first actual publication of this treatise occurred in 1641, when it was put out independently by two printers, each giving it a different title. In addition, it is quite likely that the tract circulated in manuscript before it appeared in printed form. This brief excursion into the publication history of the “Twenty-Four Arguments” indicates that it was the subje...
Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies, 1982
One striking feature of the debates in the early stages of the Long Parliament was the universali... more One striking feature of the debates in the early stages of the Long Parliament was the universality with which the policies of the Caroline bishops were condemned. There is no more vivid evidence of how widespread lay disaffection from the episcopal bench had become by 1640 than the breadth of criticism leveled against it from all sides of the Commons. The new model Anglicanism erected by archbishop Laud and his supporters was shown to be a jerry built facade, a cadre of generals without battalions, a clerical elite without a lay following. Among those who most forcefully challenged the policies of the prelates was Lucius Cary, Viscount Falkland, scholar, author, and host of the Tew circle, that discussion group of liberal laymen and clerics, immortalized by Clarendon, which met at Falkland's country seat in Oxfordshire during the 1630s.1 His views were particularly important, first because he was widely respected for his integrity and seriousness of purpose. As C.V. Wedgwood po...
Today, technologies based on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are routinely applied to biological sy... more Today, technologies based on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are routinely applied to biological systems with diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. The paradigmatic example is the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a technique that uses the magnetic moments of MNPs as a disturbance of the proton resonance to obtain images. Similarly, magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) uses MNPs as heat generators to induce localized cell death. The physical basis of these techniques relies on the interaction with external magnetic fields, and therefore the magnetic moment of the particles has to be maximized for these applications. Targeted drug-delivery based on 'smart' nanoparticles is the next step towards more efficient oncologic therapies, by delivering a minimal dose of drug only to the vicinity of the target. Current improvements in this fields relay on a) particle functionalization with specific ligands for targeting cell membrane receptors and b) loading MNPs onto cells (e.g., dendritic cells, T-cells, macrophages) having an active role in tumor grow. Here we review the current state of research on applications of magnetic carriers for cancer therapy, discussing the advances and drawbacks of both passive and targeted delivery of MNPs. The most promising strategies for targeted delivery of MNPs are analyzed, evaluating the expected impact on clinical MRI and MFH protocols.
Objective: The stimulated release of the calcium-binding glial protein S100B is known for its cap... more Objective: The stimulated release of the calcium-binding glial protein S100B is known for its capability to enhance hippocampal neurogenesis and to improve cognitive recovery following traumatic brain injury (TBI). On the other hand, S100B may trigger microglial activation thereby contributing to neurodegeneration[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]
Iron oxide-based contrast agents have been in clinical use for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) o... more Iron oxide-based contrast agents have been in clinical use for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of lymph nodes, liver, intestines, and the cardiovascular system. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have high potential as a contrast agent for MRI, but no intravenous iron oxide-containing agents are currently approved for clinical imaging. The aim of our work was to analyze the hemocompatibility and immuno-safety of a new type of dextran-coated SPIONs (SPIONdex) and to characterize these nanoparticles with ultra-high-field MRI. Key parameters related to nanoparticle hemocompatibility and immuno-safety were investigated in vitro and ex vivo. To address concerns associated with hypersensitivity reactions to injectable nanoparticulate agents, we analyzed complement activation-related pseudoallergy (CARPA) upon intravenous administration of SPIONdex in a pig model. Furthermore, the size-tunability of SPIONdex and the effects of size reduction on their biocompatibility were...
Malignant gliomas are one of the most devastating cancers in humans. One characteristic hallmark ... more Malignant gliomas are one of the most devastating cancers in humans. One characteristic hallmark of malignant gliomas is their cellular heterogeneity with frequent genetic lesions and disturbed gene expression levels conferring selective growth advantage. Here, we report on the neuronal-associated growth promoting gene PRG3 executing oncogenic cooperation in gliomas. We have identified perturbed PRG3 levels in human malignant brain tumors displaying either elevated or down-regulated PRG3 levels compared to non-transformed specimens. Further, imbalanced PRG3 levels in gliomas foster Ras-driven oncogenic amplification with increased proliferation and cell migration although angiogenesis was unaffected. Hence, PRG3 interacts with RasGEF1 (RasGRF1/CDC25), undergoes Ras-induced challenges, whereas deletion of the C-terminal domain of PRG3 (PRG3ΔCT) inhibits Ras. Moreover PRG3 silencing makes gliomas resistant to Ras inhibition. In vivo disequilibrated PRG3 gliomas show aggravated prolife...
Atherosclerosis is associated with chronic inflammatory responses of the arterial blood vessels. ... more Atherosclerosis is associated with chronic inflammatory responses of the arterial blood vessels. The previously observed protective effect of the MCS-18 substance against the initiation of atherosclerosis in a murine model was explained by its pronounced anti-inflammatory activity. Here, we investigated its impact on murine plaque progression in advanced atherosclerosis and on proatherogenic processes. ApoE-deficient mice were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks to induce atherosclerosis, followed by normal chow and intraperitoneal injections of either MCS-18 (500 μg, n = 10) or saline (n = 10) twice a week for another 12 weeks. Plaque size was reduced in MCS-18 treated mice compared to controls (p = 0.001), which was associated with a reduced size of the lipid core (p = 0.01). There was a decrease in apoptotic cells (p = 0.02), endothelial ICAM-1 expression (p < 0.001), and macrophage density (p = 0.01) in the MCS-18 group. In addition, human and murine dendritic cells (DCs) and hu...
The unfavorable application-to-tumor-dose-ratio is a drawback of conventional systemic chemothera... more The unfavorable application-to-tumor-dose-ratio is a drawback of conventional systemic chemotherapy, implying an often insufficient drug dose in the tumor being associated with severe side effects for the patient. The use of chemotherapeutics bound to magnetic nanoparticles offers several advantages. On the one hand it is possible to concentrate the chemotherapeutics in the tumor region by the use of magnetic fields, like it is done in Magnetic Drug Targeting (MDT). On the other hand magnetic particles can serve as contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that is bound to the therapeutics. Hence, the particles possibly are opening an insight into drug distribution in the tumor region directly after administration.
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Papers by Marc Schwarz