SESSION 06 – Particle Materials in Maya

Smart Materials and Structures, 1998

We propose a particle assemblage as a production method of intelligent materials and multi-functional materials. In general, materials have various primitive functions, and intelligent materials have synthesized functions. Thus, the concept we propose is that the synthesis of the primitive functions can be attained by the proper combination with the parts of materials. Powder particles are favorable as elemental parts from the practical viewpoint. Thus, more precise handling techniques for fine particles are necessary to realize our proposal.

Finite size effect on Gd 3 + doped CoGd x Fe 2 À x O 4 (0.0 rx r0. a b s t r a c t Nanoparticles of CoGd x Fe 2 À x O 4 (where x ¼ 0.0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5) series have been prepared by chemical co-precipitation. The effect of Gd 3 + ion concentration on crystalline phase, crystallinity, crystallite size, molecular vibrations and magnetic resonance has been investigated in detail. The crystallinity decreases with an increase in Gd 3 + ion concentration and changes the structural parameters. The spin lattice relaxation has been correlated with the doping ion concentration. Similarly, the super-paramagnetic behavior of these particles has been observed with EPR spectroscopy.

1988

Th e e le c tro le s s nickel plating p rocess for g lass and divinylbenzene-styrene copolymer surfaces was developed from the individual conditioning, sensitizing, activation, and plating steps. The optimum conditions for the chemical plating of nickel on 1 mm, 0.100 mm, and 0.050 mm glass particles and divinylbenzene-styrene copolymer particles in the size range of 0.250 mm to 0.425 mm were determined. The thickness of nickel deposit on 1 mm glass particles and the change in their average terminal velocity in water due to nickel deposits were measured.

Advanced Structured Materials, 2019

Nano materials can be classified dimension wise into following categories: • Nano rods, nano wires have dimension less than 100 nm. • Tubes, fibers, platelets have dimensions less than 100 nm. • Particles, quantum dots, hollow spheres have 0 or 3 Dimensions <100 nm. On the basis of phase composition, nano materials in different phases can be classified as, • The nano material is called single phase solids. Crystalline, amorphous particles and layers are included in this class. • Matrix composites, coated particles are included in multi-phase solids. • Multi-phase systems of nano material include colloids, aero gels, Ferro fluids, etc.

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2014

In recent years, there has been strong demand for the development of novel devices and equipment that support advanced industries including IT/semiconductors, the environment, energy and aerospace along with the achievement of higher efficiency and reduced environmental impact. Many studies have been conducted on the fabrication of innovative inorganic materials with novel individual properties and/or multifunctional properties including electrical, dielectric, thermal, optical, chemical and mechanical properties through the development of particle processing. The fundamental technologies that are key to realizing such materials are (i) the synthesis of nanoparticles with uniform composition and controlled crystallite size, (ii) the arrangement/assembly and controlled dispersion of nanoparticles with controlled particle size, (iii) the precise structural control at all levels from micrometer to nanometer order and (iv) the nanostructural design based on theoretical/experimental studies of the correlation between the local structure and the functions of interest. In particular, it is now understood that the application of an external stimulus, such as magnetic energy, electrical energy and/or stress, to a reaction field is effective in realizing advanced particle processing [1-3]. This special issue comprises 12 papers including three review papers. Among them, seven papers are concerned with phosphor particles, such as silicon, metals, Si 3 N 4-related nitrides, rare-earth oxides, garnet oxides, rare-earth sulfur oxides and rare-earth hydroxides. In these papers, the effects of particle size, morphology, dispersion, surface states, dopant concentration and other factors on the optical properties of phosphor particles and their applications are discussed. These nanoparticles are classified as zero-dimensional materials. Carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene are well-known one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) materials, respectively. This special issue also includes two papers on the fabrication of mechanically reliable nanocomposites by dispersing graphene into a ceramic matrix, and on supercapacitors with high energy densities in a Co(OH) 2 system decorated with graphene and carbon nanotubes. As a novel preparation method of oxide films, the fabrication of alumina films with laminated structures by ac anodization is reviewed. Moreover a new type of nanosheet has been fabricated by the exfoliation of layered, ternary transition-metal carbide and nitride compounds, known as Mn + 1AXn phases (or MAX phases) where M is an early transition metal, such as Ti or Nb, A is an A group element, such as Si or Al, X is carbon and/or nitrogen and n = 1-3 [4]. Among the MAX phases, those containing Mo have been theoretically calculated by first-principles calculations to be a source for obtaining Mo 2 C nanosheets with potentially unique properties. As an example of improving bulk ceramic properties, texturing by using a high magnetic field [5] and sintering by the electric current activated/assisted sintering (ECAS) technology [6] have been demonstrated for ultra-high temperature ceramics with high-temperature strength. A project on the development of materials and particle processing for the field of environment and energy has been ongoing at the National Institute for Materials Science since April 2011. This project employs various core competence technologies for particle processing such as ion beam irradiation for nanoparticle fabrication [7], fullerene nanomaterial processing using liquid-liquid interface precipitation [8], a gas reduction nitridation process to obtain Si 3 N 4-based phosphor Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.

Maya Blue is a famous pigment that was widely used in wall painting, pottery, sculptures, and luxury art in Mesoamerica and even as therapeutic agent in pre-Columbian times.[1] This pigment has claimed considerable attention because of its peculiar hue, ranging from a bright turquoise to a dark greenish blue, characteristic brightness, and extraordinary stability to chemical and biochemical attack.[2] First described by Merwin in 1931 in the archaeological site of Chichn Itz,[3] Gettens and Stout further coined the term Maya Blue for designing the pigment.[4] In the 60s, Shepard proposed the idea of Maya Blue being an unusual material consisting of a dye attached to certain Yucatn clays.[5] Arnold identified palygorskite in Yucatn clays and recognized the use of this clay in Mesoamerican ceramicware,[ 6] identifying sites for its extraction,[7] while Van Olphen prepared synthetic specimens analogous to Maya Blue from both palygorskite and sepiolite, a related phyllosilicate, and indigo.[

RSC Adv., 2015

Maya blue is an ancient nanostructured pigment. The novelty of our approach is to functionalize geopolymers with a sepiolite-based hybrid organic–inorganic nanocomposite, inspired from Maya blue. The colored cold ceramic is acid- and UV-resistant.

We describe a method for the preparation of metal-organic composites submicron particles. Specifically, the preparation of silver particle-clusters 150-200 nm in size, doped with an organic dye Congo-red, is reported. The use of sodium citrate coupled with sodium hypophosphite facilitated the formation of these particle-clusters, which were fully characterized by TEM analysis, Zeta potential and size measurements, scanning electron microscopy, UV-Vis measurements, and thermogravimetric analysis. The latter reveals a catalytic action of the metal on the thermal oxidative decomposition of the entrapped dye. The use of these particles to obtain dense thin metallic films was demonstrated by the coating of ITO glass.

2012

Modeling non-deterministic, complex objects is difficult, using general techniques in computer graphics. Particles systems are used to overcome the difficulty of modeling these "fuzzy" objects, including clouds, fire, and water [1].