c. 1225-1250 Viðey Maps [Rev. A], Addendum

DIGITAL MICROSCOPE EXAMINATION REQUIRED FOR BETTER DEFINITION Anthony Greb worked this image c. 1225-1250 GKS 1812 III 4to [Rev. A] [Viðey Map (small); World Map], 6v Árni Magnússon Institute (Reykjavík, IS) Up until the second half of the 19th century the only method to broaden the examination of cartographic works was for an artist to create a hand-drawn facsimile. In the second half of the 19th century black and white photography began to photo-document cartographic works. This was an improvement but the absence of color skewed the critical analysis. In the first half of the 20th century, colorized analog imagery corrected the limitations of black and white photography. In the late 20 th century, early generation digital imagery increased the accessibility of cartographic works for detailed analysis. Over the last two decades digital imaging has improved in resolution and it has revealed that cartographers and illustrators were rendering miniature illustrations upon their works. These miniature renderings require magnification that is difficult to achieve via everyday imaging techniques. It is time for scholars, researchers, and archivists to use microscopic imaging to capture and assess miniature features on cartographic works. The coupling of a microscope’s magnification function with digital imaging is not groundbreaking. Using the right tool for the job is an oft-told axiom. The “big” discoveries on cartographic works are going to be “small” in size. To do this one needs to use microscopic imaging. Institutions across the world caretake historical cartographic works, preserving them in hopes that scholars and researchers will find value in them. Environmentally controlled storage and the cost for highly-qualified staffs are expensive. Relative to this, the cost of a simple microscope with digital imaging functions is not excessive. For just a little more than what five Big Mac sandwiches cost, and most certainly less than one Taylor Swift concert ticket, your institution could have microscopic imaging capabilities. DIGITAL MICROSCOPE EXAMINATION REQUIRED FOR BETTER DEFINITION c. 1225-1250 GKS 1812 III 4to [Rev. A] [Viðey Map (small); World Map], 6v Árni Magnússon Institute (Reykjavík, IS) DIGITAL MICROSCOPE EXAMINATION REQUIRED FOR BETTER DEFINITION Analysis of features on f. 6v… The high-resolution TIFF imagery that Sigurður Stefán Jónsson produced in January 2024 enables a more detailed analysis of the Viðey Maps. This next feature was not readily discerned on the lower resolution Internet imagery… c. 1225-1250 GKS 1812 III 4to [Rev. A] [Viðey Map (small); World Map], 6v Árni Magnússon Institute (Reykjavík, IS) The cartographer traced a landform outline spanning across the Northern Regions of the map, from east to west. Although this feature spans east to west across the Northern Regions, this does not mean that this landform, in reality, was in this geodetic region. The eastern end of this landform tracing has a partial circle attached to its southern aspect. There is a deeply indented bay on the eastern edge of the landform. There is a white pigmented tower icon rendered within the bay. The upland adjacent to the bay has a secondary illustration of tower icons/structures, these being rendered in darker pigment. The bay is Narragansett Bay. The white pigmented tower icon is the North American Baptistery (Newport Tower). c. 1225-1250 GKS 1812 III 4to [Rev. A] [Viðey Map (small); World Map], 6v Árni Magnússon Institute (Reykjavík, IS) CIRCLE – “CIRCLE LAND” The cartographer traced a landform outline spanning across the Northern Regions of the map, from east to west. Although this feature spans east to west across the Northern Regions, this does not mean that this landform, in reality, was in this geodetic region. The eastern end of this landform tracing has a partial circle attached to its southern aspect. There is a deeply indented bay on the eastern edge of the landform. There is a white pigmented tower icon rendered within the bay. The upland adjacent to the bay has a secondary illustration of tower icons/structures, these being rendered in darker pigment. The bay is Narragansett Bay. The white pigmented tower icon is the North American Baptistery (Newport Tower). DIGITAL MICROSCOPE EXAMINATION REQUIRED FOR BETTER DEFINITION c. 1225-1250 GKS 1812 III 4to [Rev. A] [Viðey Map (small); World Map], 6v Árni Magnússon Institute (Reykjavík, IS) CIRCLE – “CIRCLE LAND” The cartographer traced a landform outline spanning across the Northern Regions of the map, from east to west. Although this feature spans east to west across the Northern Regions, this does not mean that this landform, in reality, was in this geodetic region. The eastern end of this landform tracing has a partial circle attached to its southern aspect. There is a deeply indented bay on the eastern edge of the landform. There is a white pigmented tower icon rendered within the bay. The upland adjacent to the bay has a secondary illustration of tower icons/structures, these being rendered in darker pigment. The bay is Narragansett Bay. The white pigmented tower icon is the North American Baptistery (Newport Tower). DIGITAL MICROSCOPE EXAMINATION REQUIRED FOR BETTER DEFINITION c. 1225-1250 GKS 1812 III 4to [Rev. A] [Viðey Map (small); World Map], 6v Árni Magnússon Institute (Reykjavík, IS) The cartographer traced a landform outline spanning across the Northern Regions of the map, from east to west. Although this feature spans east to west across the Northern Regions, this does not mean that this landform, in reality, was in this geodetic region. The eastern end of this landform tracing has a partial circle attached to its southern aspect. There is a deeply indented bay on the eastern edge of the landform. There is a white pigmented tower icon rendered within the bay. The upland adjacent to the bay has a secondary illustration of tower icons/structures, these being rendered in darker pigment. The bay is Narragansett Bay. The white pigmented tower icon is the North American Baptistery (Newport Tower). DIGITAL MICROSCOPE EXAMINATION REQUIRED FOR BETTER DEFINITION c. 1225-1250 GKS 1812 III 4to [Rev. A] [Viðey Map (small); World Map], 6v Árni Magnússon Institute (Reykjavík, IS) The cartographer traced a landform outline spanning across the Northern Regions of the map, from east to west. Although this feature spans east to west across the Northern Regions, this does not mean that this landform, in reality, was in this geodetic region. The eastern end of this landform tracing has a partial circle attached to its southern aspect. There is a deeply indented bay on the eastern edge of the landform. There is a white pigmented tower icon rendered within the bay. The upland adjacent to the bay has a secondary illustration of tower icons/structures, these being rendered in darker pigment. The bay is Narragansett Bay. The white pigmented tower icon is the North American Baptistery (Newport Tower). DIGITAL MICROSCOPE EXAMINATION REQUIRED FOR BETTER DEFINITION c. 1225-1250 GKS 1812 III 4to [Rev. A] [Viðey Map (small); World Map], 6v Árni Magnússon Institute (Reykjavík, IS) The traced landform continues its run to the west… DIGITAL MICROSCOPE EXAMINATION REQUIRED FOR BETTER DEFINITION c. 1225-1250 GKS 1812 III 4to [Rev. A] [Viðey Map (small); World Map], 6v Árni Magnússon Institute (Reykjavík, IS) 1413 Albertinus de Virga World Map Last seen in 1932 KAYAK, PERSON, RAPIER/SPEAR The traced feature on its west side has a drawing. The interpretation of this drawing will vary between persons looking at it, but the author sees a person in a kayak. DIGITAL MICROSCOPE EXAMINATION REQUIRED FOR BETTER DEFINITION c. 1225-1250 GKS 1812 III 4to [Rev. A] [Viðey Map (small); World Map], 6v Árni Magnússon Institute (Reykjavík, IS) There is a paired tower icon feature at the entrance to the bay. The rectangular, white pigment structure sits above the dark, traced outline of a second structure. There appears to be a pole extending from the traced structure with a flag topping the pole. DIGITAL MICROSCOPE EXAMINATION REQUIRED FOR BETTER DEFINITION Anthony Greb worked this image c. 1225-1250 GKS 1812 III 4to [Rev. A] [Viðey Map (small); World Map], 6v Árni Magnússon Institute (Reykjavík, IS) There is a paired tower icon feature at the entrance to the bay. The rectangular, white pigment structure sits above the dark, traced outline of a second structure. There appears to be a pole extending from the traced structure with a flag topping the pole. DIGITAL MICROSCOPE EXAMINATION REQUIRED FOR BETTER DEFINITION Anthony Greb worked this image c. 1225-1250 GKS 1812 III 4to [Rev. A] [Viðey Map (small); World Map], 6v Árni Magnússon Institute (Reykjavík, IS) DIGITAL MICROSCOPE EXAMINATION REQUIRED FOR BETTER DEFINITION Anthony Greb worked this image c. 1225-1250 GKS 1812 III 4to [Rev. A] [Viðey Map (small); World Map], 6v Árni Magnússon Institute (Reykjavík, IS) DIGITAL MICROSCOPE EXAMINATION REQUIRED FOR BETTER DEFINITION Anthony Greb worked this image c. 1225-1250 GKS 1812 III 4to [Rev. A] [Viðey Map (small); World Map], 6v Árni Magnússon Institute (Reykjavík, IS) DIGITAL MICROSCOPE EXAMINATION REQUIRED FOR BETTER DEFINITION Anthony Greb worked this image c. 1225-1250 GKS 1812 III 4to [Rev. A] [Viðey Map (small); World Map], 6v Árni Magnússon Institute (Reykjavík, IS) DIGITAL MICROSCOPE EXAMINATION REQUIRED FOR BETTER DEFINITION Anthony Greb worked this image c. 1225-1250 GKS 1812 III 4to [Rev. A] [Viðey Map (small); World Map], 6v Árni Magnússon Institute (Reykjavík, IS) DIGITAL MICROSCOPE EXAMINATION REQUIRED FOR BETTER DEFINITION Anthony Greb worked this image c. 1225-1250 GKS 1812 III 4to [Rev. A] [Viðey Map (small); World Map], 6v Árni Magnússon Institute (Reykjavík, IS) DIGITAL MICROSCOPE EXAMINATION REQUIRED FOR BETTER DEFINITION Anthony Greb worked this image c. 1225-1250 GKS 1812 III 4to [Rev. A] [Viðey Map (small); World Map], 6v Árni Magnússon Institute (Reykjavík, IS) DIGITAL MICROSCOPE EXAMINATION REQUIRED FOR BETTER DEFINITION Anthony Greb worked this image c. 1225-1250 GKS 1812 III 4to [Rev. A] [Viðey Map (small); World Map], 6v Árni Magnússon Institute (Reykjavík, IS) DIGITAL MICROSCOPE EXAMINATION REQUIRED FOR BETTER DEFINITION Anthony Greb worked this image c. 1225-1250 GKS 1812 III 4to [Rev. A] [Viðey Map (small); World Map], 6v Árni Magnússon Institute (Reykjavík, IS) DIGITAL MICROSCOPE EXAMINATION REQUIRED FOR BETTER DEFINITION Anthony Greb worked this image c. 1225-1250 GKS 1812 III 4to [Rev. A] [Viðey Map (small); World Map], 6v Árni Magnússon Institute (Reykjavík, IS) There is a paired tower icon feature at the entrance to the bay. The rectangular, white pigment structure sits above the dark, traced outline of a second structure. There appears to be a pole extending from the traced structure with a flag topping the pole. DIGITAL MICROSCOPE EXAMINATION REQUIRED FOR BETTER DEFINITION Anthony Greb worked this image c. 1225-1250 GKS 1812 III 4to [Rev. A] [Viðey Map (small); World Map], 6v Árni Magnússon Institute (Reykjavík, IS) DIGITAL MICROSCOPE EXAMINATION REQUIRED FOR BETTER DEFINITION Anthony Greb worked this image c. 1225-1250 GKS 1812 III 4to [Rev. A] [Viðey Map (small); World Map], 6v Árni Magnússon Institute (Reykjavík, IS) DIGITAL MICROSCOPE EXAMINATION REQUIRED FOR BETTER DEFINITION Anthony Greb worked this image c. 1225-1250 GKS 1812 III 4to [Rev. A] [Viðey Map (small); World Map], 6v Árni Magnússon Institute (Reykjavík, IS) DIGITAL MICROSCOPE EXAMINATION REQUIRED FOR BETTER DEFINITION Anthony Greb worked this image c. 1225-1250 GKS 1812 III 4to [Rev. A] [Viðey Map (small); World Map], 6v Árni Magnússon Institute (Reykjavík, IS) DIGITAL MICROSCOPE EXAMINATION REQUIRED FOR BETTER DEFINITION Anthony Greb worked this image c. 1225-1250 GKS 1812 III 4to [Rev. A] [Viðey Map (small); World Map], 6v Árni Magnússon Institute (Reykjavík, IS) DIGITAL MICROSCOPE EXAMINATION REQUIRED FOR BETTER DEFINITION Anthony Greb worked this image c. 1225-1250 GKS 1812 III 4to [Rev. A] [Viðey Map (small); World Map], 6v Árni Magnússon Institute (Reykjavík, IS) DIGITAL MICROSCOPE EXAMINATION REQUIRED FOR BETTER DEFINITION Anthony Greb worked this image c. 1225-1250 GKS 1812 III 4to [Rev. A] [Viðey Map (small); World Map], 6v Árni Magnússon Institute (Reykjavík, IS) DIGITAL MICROSCOPE EXAMINATION REQUIRED FOR BETTER DEFINITION Anthony Greb worked this image c. 1225-1250 GKS 1812 III 4to [Rev. A] [Viðey Map (small); World Map], 6v Árni Magnússon Institute (Reykjavík, IS)