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Éditions de la Maison des sciences de l’homme Boussargues (Argelliers, Hérault) Un habitat ceinturé chalcolithique : les fouilles du secteur ouest Albert Colomer, Jacques Coularou et Xavier Gutherz DOI : 10.4000/books.editionsmsh.35405 Éditeur : Éditions de la Maison des sciences de l’homme Lieu d’édition : Paris Année d’édition : 1990 Date de mise en ligne : 7 juin 2022 Collection : Documents d’archéologie française EAN électronique : 9782735125760 https://books.openedition.org Édition imprimée EAN (Édition imprimée) : 9782735103720 Nombre de pages : 224 Référence électronique COLOMER, Albert ; COULAROU, Jacques ; et GUTHERZ, Xavier. Boussargues (Argelliers, Hérault) : Un habitat ceinturé chalcolithique : les fouilles du secteur ouest. Nouvelle édition [en ligne]. Paris : Éditions de la Maison des sciences de l’homme, 1990 (généré le 15 novembre 2023). Disponible sur Internet : <http://books.openedition.org/editionsmsh/35405>. ISBN : 9782735125760. DOI : https://doi.org/ 10.4000/books.editionsmsh.35405. Ce document a été généré automatiquement le 15 novembre 2023. Il est issu d’une numérisation par reconnaissance optique de caractères. Le texte seul est utilisable sous licence . Les autres éléments (illustrations, fichiers annexes importés) sont « Tous droits réservés », sauf mention contraire. 1 RÉSUMÉS 6LWH  PDMHXU  GH  OD  FXOWXUH  FKDOFROLWKLTXH  GH  )RQWERXLVVH  YHUV    DY  -&   OH  YLOODJH  GH %RXVVDUJXHVSUªVGH0RQWSHOOLHUIDLWOɛREMHWGHIRXLOOHVSURJUDPP«HVGRQWOHSU«VHQWRXYUDJH FRQVWLWXHOHSUHPLHUYROXPHGHODSXEOLFDWLRQH[KDXVWLYHbLOFRPSUHQGGɛXQHSDUWOɛ«WXGHGX FRQWH[WHQDWXUHOHWFXOWXUHOSRXUOɛHQVHPEOHGXVLWHGɛDXWUHSDUWFHOOHGXVHFWHXURXHVWHWGHVHV WURLV  XQLW«V  GɛKDELWDWLRQ  GRQW  OD  IRXLOOH  HVW  DXMRXUGɛKXL  WHUPLQ«H  /D  SUREO«PDWLTXH  GH  FHWWH UHFKHUFKHVɛDUWLFXOHDXWRXUGHWURLVSRLQWVIRUWVbOɛDUFKLWHFWXUHGHV«GLILFHVOɛRUJDQLVDWLRQGHV HVSDFHVGRPHVWLTXHVOɛKDELWDWGDQVVRQWHUULWRLUHQDWXUHOHW«FRQRPLTXH0LVHHQüXYUHSDUXQH «TXLSH SOXULGLVFLSOLQDLUH HOOH G«ERXFKH VXU GHV FRQFOXVLRQV TXL FRQVWLWXHQW XQH FRQWULEXWLRQ IRQGDPHQWDOH¢ODFRQQDLVVDQFHGHVVRFL«W«VQ«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2 SOMMAIRE Liste des auteurs Avant‑propos Albert Colomer, Jacques Coularou et Xavier Gutherz Introduction Albert Colomer Direction des Antiquités du Languedoc‑Roussillon, 5 bis rue de la Salle‑l’Evêque, 34000 Montpellier, Jacques Coularou Centre d’anthropologie des sociétés rurales, UPR 290 du CNRS, 56 rue du Taur, 31000 Toulouse, Xavier Gutherz CNRS, ERA 36 du centre de recherches archéologiques, Sophia Antipolis et 06565 Valbonne cedex et Direction des Antiquités du Languedoc‑Roussillon /RFDOLVDWLRQGXJLVHPHQW /HVIRXLOOHVbEXWVHWP«WKRGHV Première partie. Le milieu naturel et le contexte culturel 1. Cadre et évolution géomorphologiques du site de boussargues Martine AmbertLaboratoire de géomorphologie, Institut de géographie, université Paul Valéry, Montpellier III, route de Mende et 34000 Montpellier /ɛHQYLURQQHPHQWGH%RXVVDUJXHV 8QHVLWXDWLRQGHFRQWDFWDXVHLQGHVEDVVHVJDUULJXHV /ɛ«YROXWLRQJ«RPRUSKRORJLTXHHWOHVSD\VDJHV 2. Analyse anthracologique du village Chalcolithique de Boussargues Isabel Figueiral ,QWURGXFWLRQ 'RQQ«HVDQWKUDFRORJLTXHV ,QWHUSU«WDWLRQGHVU«VXOWDWV &RQFOXVLRQ 3. Évolution des garrigues Jean‑Louis Vernet ,QWURGXFWLRQ /HSRLQWGHG«SDUWJODFLDLUH /HSRVWJODFLDLUH &RQFOXVLRQ 4. Le contexte culturel : la culture de Fontbouisse Xavier Gutherz ,QWURGXFWLRQ 5«SDUWLWLRQGHVKDELWDWV /HWHUULWRLUHOHYLOODJHHWODPDLVRQ /HVWRPEHV /DFXOWXUHPDW«ULHOOH 'RQQ«HV«FRQRPLTXHV 5. L’espace humanisé : inventaire des habitats et des tombes Chalcolithiques Xavier Gutherz, Luc Jallot, Nigel Mills et Jacques Vallon ,QWURGXFWLRQ ,QYHQWDLUHGHVVLWHV 6. Regard sur l’histoire économique de la garrigue Xavier Gutherz 3 Deuxième partie. le secteur ouest les données archéologiques 1. Le site archéologique Jean Balbure, Albert Colomer, Jacques Coularou, Xavier Gutherz et Sylvain Henaff 'HVFULSWLRQJ«Q«UDOH &DUDFWªUHVVS«FLILTXHVGHVGLYHUVHVVWUXFWXUHVHWWHFKQLTXHVGHFRQVWUXFWLRQ /HVHFWHXURXHVW RXHQVHPEOH bOHVVWUXFWXUHVHWOHXUFRQWHQXDUFK«RORJLTXH ILJb 2. La culture matérielle, les produits alimentaires Jacques Coularou, Xavier Gutherz, Jean‑Claude Echallier, Henri Marchesi, Isabelle Carrère, Laurent Damais et Jean Erroux /DF«UDPLTXH $QDO\VHS«WURJUDSKLTXHGXPDW«ULHOF«UDPLTXH ‹WXGHGXPRELOLHUGHEUR\DJH FDEDQHHWORFXV '«WHUPLQDWLRQGHVYHVWLJHVIDXQLTXHV ‹WXGHVXUOɛRULJLQHGHODPDXYDLVHFRQVHUYDWLRQGɛXQHSDUWLHGXPRELOLHUHWVXUOɛDEVHQFH GɛRVVHPHQWV )UXLWVHWJUDLQHV Troisième partie. Le secteur ouest interprétation des données 1. L’architecture Jacques Coularou, Xavier Gutherz, Albert Colomer et Laurent Damais 2EVHUYDWLRQVVXUOHPRGHGHFRXYUHPHQW &DEDQHHW/RFXV 'RQQ«HVSRXUXQHDQDO\VHDUFKLWHFWXUDOH ODVWUXFWXUHURQGHbQRb 2ULJLQHGHVPDW«ULDX[GHFRQVWUXFWLRQHQSLHUUH 2. Les macrorestes végétaux et leur signification Jacques Coularou, Xavier Gutherz et Luc Jallot /HVUHVWHVY«J«WDX[HWOHXUGLVWULEXWLRQVSDWLDOH 5«FROWHHWSU«SDUDWLRQDOLPHQWDLUHGHVJODQGV 3. Analyse d’un sol d’habitat : l’ensemble 1 de Boussargues Jean Balbure et Jacques Coularou 2UJDQLVDWLRQVSDWLDOHGXPRELOLHUDUFK«RORJLTXHHWGHVIR\HUV 5«SDUWLWLRQGXPRELOLHUF«UDPLTXHbWUDLWHPHQWJUDSKLTXH 9ROXPHHWIRQFWLRQGHVYDVHV &RQFOXVLRQbHVVDLGɛLGHQWLILFDWLRQGɛDLUHVGɛDFWLYLW« ILJbɖ 4. Conservation et distribution du matériel céramique : de l’espace domestique à l’espace social Luc Jallot 0LFURWRSRJUDSKLHHWG\QDPLTXHVSDWLDOHGHVG«S¶WVF«UDPLTXHV $SSURFKHmbVRFLRɖ«FRQRPLTXHb} &RQFOXVLRQJ«Q«UDOH $QQH[H 5. Ressources naturelles, matériaux utilisés et territoire communautaire : premières données Jacques Coularou, Xavier Gutherz et Luc Jallot /HVPDW«ULDX[PLQ«UDX[ /HVPDFURUHVWHVY«J«WDX[ /ɛHDX /HVWHUUDLQVFXOWLYDEOHV 3UHPLHUV«O«PHQWVSRXUXQHDSSURFKHGXWHUULWRLUHFRPPXQDXWDLUH 4 Conclusion. Bilan de l’étude et perspectives /ɛDUFKLWHFWXUHGHOɛKDELWDWFHLQWXU« /DFXOWXUHPDW«ULHOOH /HVHVSDFHVGRPHVWLTXHVGHOɛDUFK«RORJLHVSDWLDOH¢OɛDUFK«RORJLHVRFLDOH /HWHUULWRLUHFRPPXQDXWDLUHHWOHVWDWXWGXVLWH Bibliographie Résumé Abstract 5 /LVWHGHVDXWHXUV 1 Albert Colomer 2 'LUHFWLRQ  GHV  $QWLTXLW«V  GX  /DQJXHGRF5RXVVLOORQ  bELV  UXH  GH  OD  6DOOHOɛ(Y¬TXH b0RQWSHOOLHU 3 Jacques Coularou 4 &HQWUH  GɛDQWKURSRORJLH  GHV  VRFL«W«V  UXUDOHV  835bbGX  &156  bUXH  GX  7DXU b7RXORXVH 5 Xavier Gutherz 6 &156  (5$bbGX  FHQWUH  GH  UHFKHUFKHV  DUFK«RORJLTXHV  6RSKLD  $QWLSROLV b9DOERQQHFHGH[HW'LUHFWLRQGHV$QWLTXLW«VGX/DQJXHGRF5RXVVLOORQ 7 Martine Ambert 8 /DERUDWRLUH  GH  J«RPRUSKRORJLH  ,QVWLWXW  GH  J«RJUDSKLH  XQLYHUVLW«  3DXO  9DO«U\ 0RQWSHOOLHU,,,URXWHGH0HQGHb0RQWSHOOLHU 9 Jean Balbure 10 UXH+HQUL%DUEXVVHb1RLV\OH6HF 11 Isabelle Carrère 12 &HQWUHGɛDQWKURSRORJLHGHVVRFL«W«VUXUDOHVbUXHGX7DXUb7RXORXVH 13 Laurent Damais 14 'RPDLQHGHOD'HYª]Hb0RQWRXOLHX 15 Jean-Claude Echallier 16 &156  (5$bbGX  &HQWUH  GH  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QDWXUHOOH  TXH  OɛRQ  SHXW VXEGLYLVHUVFK«PDWLTXHPHQWHQWURLVXQLW«VJ«RJUDSKLTXHVTXLFRQVWLWXHQWDXWDQWGH PDUFKHVGɛHVFDOLHUGHSXLVOD0«GLWHUUDQ«HMXVTXɛDX0DVVLIFHQWUDO/DSODLQHGXEDV 5K¶QH  Vɛ«WHQG  HQ  DUULªUH  GX  OLWWRUDO  GHSXLV  OH  FRQIOXHQW  GH  Oɛ$UGªFKH  HW  GX  5K¶QH MXVTXɛ¢  OD  EDVVH  YDOO«H  GH  Oɛ+«UDXOW  $X  GHX[LªPH  SODQ  OD  ]RQH  GHV  JDUULJXHV  HVW FRQVWLWX«HGHWRXWXQHQVHPEOHGHFROOLQHVHWSODWHDX[FDOFDLUHVHQWUHFRXS«VGHEDVVLQV FRPEHVHWFDQ\RQVHQWUHbbHWbbPGɛDOWLWXGH&ɛHVWXQH]RQHNDUVWLTXHFRXYHUWHSDU XQHIRUPDWLRQY«J«WDOHVS«FLILTXHR»GRPLQHOH&K¬QHYHUW/HPDVVLIGHV&«YHQQHVHW XQHSDUWLHGHV*UDQGV&DXVVHVFRQVWLWXHQWOɛDUULªUHɖSD\VPRQWDJQDUG]RQHGHSDUWDJH GHVHDX[HWOLPLWHFOLPDWLTXH fig. 4  15 ● Fig. 4 – Carte géologique simplifiée du Languedoc oriental. Le site de Boussargues est indiqué par une étoile blanche sur fond noir. 2 /DU«JLRQPRQWSHOOL«UDLQHGDQVVDSDUWLHQRUGɖRFFLGHQWDOHDSSDUWLHQWDXGRPDLQHGHV JDUULJXHV/HJLVHPHQWGH%RXVVDUJXHVHVWVLWX«DXFüXUGHFHW«FRV\VWªPHDXSD\VDJH SURIRQG«PHQWWUDQVIRUP«SDUOɛDFWLRQGHOɛKRPPH b Le cadre local 3 /ɛKDELWDWFHLQWXU«GH%RXVVDUJXHVVHWURXYH¢bNPDXQRUGɖRXHVWGH0RQWSHOOLHUVXU OHWHUULWRLUHGHODFRPPXQHGɛ$UJHOOLHUV,ORFFXSHOɛH[WU«PLW«RFFLGHQWDOHGɛXQHODQLªUH GH  SODWHDX  IRUP«H  DX[  G«SHQV  GH  FDOFDLUHV  PDULQV  GX  -XUDVVLTXH  VXS«ULHXU 3RUWODQGLHQ &HWWHODQLªUHFXOPLQH¢bbP¢SUR[LPLW«GXJLVHPHQW DOWLWXGHbbP  &HWWHFRWHGɛDOWLWXGHVHUHWURXYHVXUSOXVLHXUVUHOLHIVOLPLWURSKHVHWLQGLTXHOɛH[LVWHQFH GɛXQHDQFLHQQHVXUIDFHGɛ«URVLRQU«JLRQDOH 4 6LOɛDFFªVDXVLWHHVWDLV«GHSXLVOɛHVWVXUXQWHUUDLQ¢WUªVIDLEOHSHQWHOHUHOLHIHVWSOXV YLJRXUHX[¢OɛRXHVWHWDXVXG/HSODWHDXGH%RXVVDUJXHVGRPLQHGDQVFHWWHGLUHFWLRQ GɛHQYLURQbbPXQYDOORQVHFHQFDLVV«GɛD[HQRUGɖVXGOHYDOORQGX6DXWGHV$LJOHV&H YDOORQ  G«ERXFKH  ¢  bP  DX  VXG  GX  JLVHPHQW  GDQV  XQ  SHWLW  EDVVLQ  IRVV«  GɛRULJLQH WHFWRQLTXHTXLSURORQJHDXQRUGOHEDVVLQGH6DXJUDVHWVɛLQVFULWGDQVODWRSRJUDSKLH IDLOO«H  GX  QRUG  0RQWSHOOL«UDLV  &HWWH  G«SUHVVLRQ  GLWH  GH  &DQWDJULOV  IDYRULVD  LO  \  D TXHOTXHV  VLªFOHV  OɛLQVWDOODWLRQ  GɛXQ  JUDQG  GRPDLQH  DJURɖSDVWRUDO  DXMRXUGɛKXL WUDQVIRUP«HQYLOODJHGHYDFDQFHV fig. 5b¢b7  16 ● Fig. 5 – Position topographique du site de Boussargues. 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Le milieu naturel et le contexte culturel 24 &DGUHHW«YROXWLRQ J«RPRUSKRORJLTXHVGXVLWHGH ERXVVDUJXHV Martine AmbertLaboratoire de géomorphologie, Institut de géographie, université Paul Valéry, Montpellier III, route de Mende et 34000 Montpellier b 1.1. L ’environnement de Boussargues 1 /ɛKDELWDWFHLQWXU«GH%RXVVDUJXHVHVWVLWX«GDQVODFRPPXQHGɛ$UJHOOLHUVDXVHLQGHV EDVVHVJDUULJXHV¢OɛH[WU«PLW«GɛXQHODQLªUHGHSODWHDXFDOFDLUHFDLOORXWHX[GɛDOWLWXGH PRGHVWH bP PDLVGRPLQDQWWUªVDEUXSWHPHQW¢OɛRXHVWOHYDOORQVHFGX6DXWGHV $LJOHV  HQFDLVV«  GH  SOXV  GHbbP  HW  DX  VXG  OH  EDVVLQ  GH  &DQWDJULOVɖ6DXJUDV  YDVWH G«SUHVVLRQVXEFLUFXODLUHDX[VROVPDUQHX[DUDEOHVHWSOXVKXPLGHV 2 ,O  VɛDJLW  GRQF  GɛXQH  VLWXDWLRQ  GH  FRQWDFW  WRSRJUDSKLTXH  FODVVLTXH  GDQV  OH  VHFWHXU RSSRVDQWSODWHDX[HWEDVVLQVU«SRQGDQW¢XQFRQWDFWVWUXFWXUDO&HWWHVLWXDWLRQHVW ULFKHGHFRQV«TXHQFHV¢ODIRLVSRXUOɛ«YROXWLRQJ«RPRUSKRORJLTXHHWOHVSRVVLELOLW«V RIIHUWHV¢ODPLVHHQYDOHXUKXPDLQH b 1.2. Une situation de contact au sein des basses garrigues 1.2.1. Notion de basses garrigues 3 /DOLPLWHHQWUHKDXWHVHWEDVVHVJDUULJXHVD«W«G«ILQLHGDQVFHVHFWHXUSDU(b&RXOHW   QRQ  VDQV  TXHOTXHV  GLIILFXOW«V  HW  U«VHUYHV  OD  WUDQVLWLRQ  \  «WDQW  P«QDJ«H  /HV SRLQWVUHWHQXVVRQWGɛHVWHQRXHVWOɛDU¬WHGX3LF6DLQWɖ/RXSOHV«FDLOOHVGXPDVGH %RXLVOHUHERUGVXGGXV\QFOLQDOGH/Db6HOHWWHHWDXQRUGGH3XHFKDERQODERUGXUH WDLOO«HTXLGRPLQHOHEDVVLQGɛ$QLDQHGX3RQWGX'LDEOH¢$UERUDV/HVDUJXPHQWVGH OɛDQDO\VHVRQWDYDQWWRXW«FRORJLTXHVHQUHODWLRQDYHFOɛDOWLWXGHHWODFRQWLQHQWDOLW« 25 FURLVVDQWHV  YHUV  OH  QRUG  $ORUV  TXH  VXU  OHV  FDOFDLUHV  PDVVLIV  MXUDVVLTXHV  GHV  EDVVHV JDUULJXHVODIRU¬WRXOHVWDLOOLVGɛ\HXVHVGRPLQHQW¢WHUURLU«JDOOH&K¬QHSXEHVFHQW WHQG¢VɛLPSRVHUDYHFOH%XLVGDQVOHVSDUWLHVSOXV«OHY«HVHWSOXVVHSWHQWULRQDOHV 4 &HUWHVFHFULWªUHWUDGLWLRQQHOOHPHQWDGPLVHVWDXMRXUGɛKXLGLVFXW«QXDQF« FIb9HUQHW LQIUDb,bib b  OD  U«SDUWLWLRQ  DFWXHOOH  VHPEOH  ODUJHPHQW  WULEXWDLUH  GH  OɛDQWKURSLVDWLRQ 0DLV  GHV  FULWªUHV  VWUXFWXUDX[  HW  J«RPRUSKRORJLTXHV  VɛDMRXWHQW  ¢  Oɛ«FRORJLH  SRXU DFFHQWXHU  OɛRULJLQDOLW«  GHV  GHX[  PLOLHX[  /HV  EDVVHV  JDUULJXHV  SU«VHQWHQW  XQH DUFKLWHFWXUH  SOXV  VHUU«H  SOLV  SOXV  FRXUWV  DFFLGHQWV  WHFWRQLTXHV  SOXV  QRPEUHX[ V\QRQ\PHGHIUDFWXUDWLRQWUªVLPSRUWDQWHSDUWLFXOLªUHPHQWYLVLEOHVXUOHVLWH«WXGL« b 1.2.2. Une situation de contact structural 1.2.2.1. Le cadre général 5 /ɛRXHVW0RQWSHOOL«UDLV ¢OɛRXHVWGHODIDLOOHGHV0DWHOOHV SHXWVHVFK«PDWLVHU fig. 8 HQ GHX[  XQLW«V  WHFWRQLTXHV  Gɛ¤JH  GH  GLUHFWLRQ  HW  GH  VLJQLILFDWLRQ  GLII«UHQWVb  ɘXQ  D[H RXHVWɖHVWmbS\U«Q«HQb}GHFRPSUHVVLRQJ«Q«UDWHXUGHSOLVI«FRQG«VGDQVXQPDW«ULHO MXUDVVLTXHHVVHQWLHOOHPHQWFDOFDLUHbFHVRQWOHVSOLVGH9LROVɖOHɖ)RUW3LF6DLQWɖ/RXSDX QRUGHWOHSOLGH0RQWSHOOLHUDXVXGGH6DLQWɖ3DXOɖHWɖ9DOPDOOHPLVHQSODFH¢Oɛ(RFªQH VXS«ULHXUGDQVOHFDGUHGɛXQHYDVWHFKD°QHGHPRQWDJQHGHV3\U«Q«HV¢OD3URYHQFHb ● Fig. 8 – Schéma structural de la région montpelliéraine (en partie d’après R, Dugrand,1964). 1 : série jurassique, calcaires massifs souvent coraligènes. 2 : série jurassique, faciès calcaires plus variés, en bancs plus minces. 3 : sédiments tertiaires, essentiellement éocènes et oligocènes. 4 : combes liasiques. 5 : axe anticlinal. 6 : chevauchement. 7 : failles à jeu majeur oligocène moyen. 8 : site de Boussargues. 6 ɘbHQWUH  FHV  GHX[  DQWLFOLQDX[  VXVQRPP«V  OHV  FDOFDLUHV  GX  -XUDVVLTXH  VXS«ULHXU  VRQW FRQVHUY«V  HQ  SDQQHDX[  VRXYHQW  VXEKRUL]RQWDX[  RX  ¢  SHQGDJH  WUªV  PRG«U« HQWUHFRXS«VGHIRVV«VVXEP«ULGLHQVWHOVFHX[GHOD%RLVVLªUHRX0RQWDUQDXGD\DQW 26 FRQVHUY«  XQ  PDW«ULHO  V«GLPHQWDLUH  SOXV  U«FHQW  FDOFDLUHV  ODFXVWUHV  HW  PDUQHV  GX &U«WDF«VXS«ULHXUHWGHOɛ(RFªQH  7 7UªVIU«TXHPPHQWOHVEUªFKHVV\QWHFWRQLTXHVGɛ¤JHROLJRFªQHPR\HQVHWURXYHQWDX YRLVLQDJHGHVIDLOOHV&HVHFWHXUP«GLDQVɛLQGLYLGXDOLVHGRQFSDUVRQRUJDQLVDWLRQHQ KRUVWVHWIRVV«VW«PRLJQDQWGɛXQHGLVWHQVLRQGHGLUHFWLRQHWGɛ¤JHF«YHQROV b 1.2.2.2. La région de Boussargues 8 &HWWHU«JLRQVHVLWXHSU«FLV«PHQWDXFRQWDFWGXIODQFP«ULGLRQDOGXSOLGH9LROVɖOHɖ)RUW HWGXSURORQJHPHQWVHSWHQWULRQDOGXIRVV«0RQWDUQDXG9DLOKDXTXªVPDW«ULDOLV«SDU VRQ  DSSHQGLFH  GH  6DXJUDV&DQWDJULOV  &H  IRVV«  GH  WDLOOH  U«GXLWH  SDU  UDSSRUW  ¢  VHV YRLVLQV  HVW  FHSHQGDQW  VWUXFWXUDOHPHQW  SOXV  FRPSOH[H  &RPPH  OH  PRQWUH  OD  FRXSH fig. 9 GHVIDLOOHVOHOLPLWHQWGHWRXVF¶W«VDORUVTXHODGLVV\P«WULHHVWOHFDUDFWªUH J«Q«UDO  GHV  DXWUHV  VWUXFWXUHV  GH  P¬PH  W\SH  &ɛHVW  TXH  OD  IDLOOH  ERUGLªUH  FHOOH  TXL HQJHQGUH  SOXV  DX  VXG  OH  IRVV«  GH  0RQWDUQDXG9DLOKDXTXªV  HVW  XQ  DFFLGHQW  PDMHXU U«JLRQDO  TXH  OɛRQ  SHXW  VXLYUH  GHSXLV  OH  %RLV  GH  0RQQLHU  DX  QRUG  GH )HUULªUHVɖOHVɖ9HUUHULHV9LROVɖOHɖ)RUWMXVTXɛ¢%RX]LJXHV ● Fig. 9 – Coupe du bassin de Saugras au sud‑ouest du bassin de Saint‑Martin‑de‑Londres, à travers le Causse de Viols‑le‑Fort, à hauteur du château de Cambous, d’après E. Coulet, partiellement modifié (feuille de Montpellier et de Saint‑Martin‑de‑Londres au 50 000). 1 : haute surface. 2 : surface fondamentale. 3 : retouche récente. 4 : discordance infra lutétienne. 5 : surface exhumée de l’OIigocène reprise dans la surface fondamentale. 9 &HWDFFLGHQWTXLG«FURFKHOHSOLGH9LROVɖOHɖ)RUWQRQORLQGH%RXVVDUJXHVHWG«QLYHOOH DXVXGOHSOLGH0RQWSHOOLHUHQGHX[SDQQHDX[GɛDOWLWXGHQHWWHPHQWGLII«UHQWHVHPEOH DYRLU  MRX«  ¢  SOXVLHXUV  UHSULVHV  QRQ  VHXOHPHQW  YHUWLFDOHPHQW  ¢  Oɛ2,LJRFªQH  PDLV DQW«ULHXUHPHQW  DX  PRPHQW  P¬PH  GH  OD  SKDVH  GH  SOLVVHPHQW  S\U«Q«RɖSURYHQ©DOH OɛDUFKLWHFWXUH  GX  SOL  GH  9LROVɖOHɖ)RUW  «WDQW  GLII«UHQWH  GH  SDUW  HW  GɛDXWUH  GX G«FURFKHPHQW,OVɛDJLWGRQFGɛXQYLHLODFFLGHQWTXLDIRQFWLRQQ«ORUVGHFKDTXHSKDVH GHWHQVLRQWHFWRQLTXHHWGRQWODSUR[LPLW«UHQGFRPSWHGHODIUDFWXUDWLRQWUªVPDUTX«H GX  VHFWHXU  GH  %RXVVDUJXHV  &DQWDJULOV  /H  UHOHY«  VRPPDLUH  GHV  SHQGDJHV  GDQV OɛHQFHLQWHGHOɛKDELWDW fig. 10 LOOXVWUHFHSK«QRPªQHODUJHPHQWH[SORLW«SDUOɛ«URVLRQ NDUVWLTXHHWODJ«OLIUDFWLRQ 27 ● Fig.10 – Relevé sommaire des pendages et failles visibles sur le site de Boussargues M. 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La dégradation lente par le cycle lapiés‑clapiers 13 &H  F\FOH  HVW  ELHQ  FRQQX  GHSXLV  OHV  WUDYDX[  GH  -  1LFRG  HQ  EDVVH  3URYHQFH  FDOFDLUH 1LFRGb HWGɛ(*RXOHWHQ/DQJXHGRF &RXOHWb b 1.3.2.1. 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Introduction 1 2Q  SU«VHQWHUD  LFL  OHV  U«VXOWDWV  SU«OLPLQDLUHV  GH  Oɛ«WXGH  GHV  FKDUERQV  GH  ERLV  GX JLVHPHQWFKDOFROLWKLTXHGH%RXVVDUJXHV +«UDXOW /ɛKDELWDWGH%RXVVDUJXHVVHWURXYH GDQV  XQH  U«JLRQ  GH  SOLV  DQWLFOLQDX[  SOXV  DX  PRLQV  DUDV«V  &HV  WHUUDLQV  FDOFDLUHV  HW PDUQRFDOFDLUHV  VRQW  GDW«V  GX  -XUDVVLTXH  &HWWH  U«JLRQ  HVW  LQW«JU«H  GDQV  Oɛ«WDJH P«VRP«GLWHUUDQ«HQb OH FOLPDW \ HVW KXPLGH DYHF SOXV GH bPP GH SU«FLSLWDWLRQV FDUWRQSOXYLRWKHUPLTXHGHODFDUWHGHODY«J«WDWLRQGHOD)UDQFHQRb$YLJQRQ /H P«VRP«GLWHUUDQ«HQHVWFDUDFW«ULV«HQJ«Q«UDOSDU7bPb0bWPb+ɖb;,ɖ,9 5LYDVɖ0DUWLQH]b  2 2QVHWURXYHLFLGDQVODV«ULHP«GLWHUUDQ«HQQHGX&K¬QHYHUWHWGX&K¬QHSXEHVFHQW$ F¶W«  GH  FHV  GHX[  HVSªFHV  RQ  REVHUYH  «JDOHPHQW  GHV  Y«J«WDX[  FDUDFW«ULVDQW  OD G«JUDGDWLRQ  /HV  IRUPDWLRQV  GH  G«JUDGDWLRQ  UHFRXYUHQW  DFWXHOOHPHQW  GH  JUDQGHV VXUIDFHV&ɛHVWOHFDVGHODEURXVVH¢4XHUFXVFRFFLIHUD VXUOHVVROVFDOFDLUHVFRPSDFWV  GHVJDUULJXHV¢Juniperus oxycedrus, Genista scorpius, Lavandula latifolia ou à RosmarinusHW Erica multifloraHWGHV&LVWDLHV Cistus albidusHW Cistus monspeliensis /HVDXWUHVHVSªFHV IU«TXHQWHVGDQVFHVIRUPDWLRQVGHVROFDOFDLUHVRQWJuniperus phoenicea, Daphne gnidium, Bupleurum fruticosum, Ruta angustifolia, Euphorbia characias et Buxus sempervirens. Arbutus unedo, Phillyrea angustifolia, Erica scoparia, Lavandula stoechasHW Cistus salviaefoliusVRQW SOXW¶WGHVHVSªFHVGHV]RQHVVDEORQQHXVHV3LQXVKDOHSHQVLVHVWSU«VHQWVXUFHVGHX[ W\SHVGHVROV 3 8Q  UHOHY«  GH  OD  Y«J«WDWLRQ  DFWXHOOH  GDQV  OɛHQYLURQQHPHQW  LPP«GLDW  GX  VLWH  GH %RXVVDUJXHVDSHUPLVGɛLGHQWLILHUOHVWD[RQVVXLYDQWVb ɢXQHVWUDWHDUERU«HbWDLOOLVGHQVHGHQuercus ilexGDQVOHTXHOQuercus pubescensHVWWUªVUDUHb 33 ɢXQH  VWUDWH  DUEXVWLYHb  Pistacia terebinthus, Buxus sempervirens, Phillyrea latifolia et Juniperus oxycedrus ; ɢXQH  VWUDWH  ¢  OLJQHX[  EDVb  Lavandula latifolia  Thymus vulgaris  Dorycnium suffruticosum, Brachypodium ramosumHWGenista scorpius. b 2.2. Données anthracologiques 4 /HV  FKDUERQV  GH  ERLV  «WXGL«V  SURYLHQQHQW  GH  OD  FDEDQHb  GX  ORFXVbbHW  GH  WURLV VWUXFWXUHVURQGHVOHVVWUXFWXUHVbbHWb 5 2QD«WXGL«DXWRWDObbbFKDUERQVGLVWULEX«VGHODID©RQVXLYDQWHb Structures Nombre de charbons &DEDQHb  /RFXVb  6WUXFWXUHV  6WUXFWXUHb  6WUXFWXUHb  6 &HWWH«WXGHDSHUPLVGHPHWWUHHQ«YLGHQFHbWD[RQV/DG«WHUPLQDWLRQGHFHVWD[RQVD «W«  UHQGXH  SRVVLEOH  JU¤FH  ¢  OD  ELEOLRJUDSKLH  *UHJUXVVbbHWbb  -DFTXLRWbb -DFTXLRW  7UHQDUG  'LUDLbb  6FKZHLQJUXEHUbb  6DLQWɖ/DXUHQWb  HW  ¢ OɛXWLOLVDWLRQ  GH  OD  FROOHFWLRQ  GH  U«I«UHQFH  GH  ERLV  DFWXHOV  GX  ODERUDWRLUH  GH SDO«RERWDQLTXHGHOɛ867/ b 2.2.1. Quercus ilex‑coccifera, le chêne vert kermès (fig. 13, no 1) 7 Coupe transversale ɘb%RLV¢SRUHVGLIIXV ɘb3DUHQFK\PHSDUDWUDFK«DOHWDSRWUDFK«DOGLIIXV Coupe tangentielle ɘb/DSOXSDUWGHVUD\RQVVRQWXQLV«UL«VDYHFXQHKDXWHXUGHbbFHOOXOHVHQPR\HQQH ɘb/HVUD\RQVSOXULV«UL«VSHXYHQWDWWHLQGUHMXVTXɛ¢bFHOOXOHVGHODUJHXU Coupe radiale ɘb3HUIRUDWLRQVXQLTXHV ɘb3RQFWXDWLRQVUD\RQɖYDLVVHDXJUDQGHVHOOLSWLTXHV 34 ● Fig. 13. 1 – Quercus ilex‑coccifera, coupe transversale, X 45. 2 – Quercus pubescens, coupe transversale, X 50. 3 – Buxus sempervirens, coupe transversale, X 84. 4 – Buxus sempervirens, coupe radiale ; perforation scalariforme, X 1512 5 – Phillyrea latifolia, coupe transversale, X 72. 6 – Pinus type sylvestris, coupe radiale, X 268. 8 6HORQ-GH6DLQWɖ/DXUHQW  RQSHXWGLII«UHQFLHUQuercus ilexGH Quercus coccifera Quercus ilexDGHVUD\RQVWUªVODUJHV MXVTXɛ¢bbbwP HWWUªVUDSSURFK«V bbwPHQ PR\HQQH   &KH]  Quercus coccifera OHV  UD\RQV  DWWHLJQHQWbbwP  HW  VRQW  SOXV  HVSDF«V HQWUHbbwPHWbbbwPHQPR\HQQH OFLRQDXUDSOXW¶WQuercus ilex. b 2.2.2. Quercus pubescens, le chêne pubescent (fig. 13, no 2) 9 Coupe transversale ɘb%RLV¢]RQHSRUHXVH/HVUD\RQVDWWHLJQHQWSOXVTXHbwP ɘb3U«VHQFHGHWK\OOHV¢SDURLVPLQFHVGDQVOHVYDLVVHDX[GXERLVLQLWLDO ɘb3RUHVGXERLVILQDOGLVSRV«VHQJURXSHVUDGLDX[D\DQWOɛDVSHFWGɛXQHIODPPH ɘb3U«VHQFHGHSDUHQFK\PHSDUDWUDFK«DOHWDSRWUDFK«DO Coupe tangentielle ɘb5D\RQVOLJQHX[XQLV«UL«VHWPXOWLV«UL«V MXVTXɛ¢bFHOOXOHV  Coupe radiale ɘb5D\RQVOLJQHX[KRPRJªQHV ɘb3HUIRUDWLRQVXQLTXHV b 2.2.3. Buxus sempervirens, le buis (fig.13, nos 3 et 4) 10 Coupe transversale ɘb%RLV¢SRUHVGLIIXV3RUHVWUªVSHWLWVLVRO«VOHSOXVVRXYHQWU«JXOLªUHPHQWHVSDF«V ɘb3DUHQFK\PHDSRWUDFK«DOGLVSHUV« 35 ɘb/HVSDURLVGHVILEUHVɖWUDFK«LGHVVRQWWUªV«SDLVVHV Coupe tangentielle ɘb5D\RQVOLJQHX[K«W«URJªQHVOHSOXVVRXYHQWELV«UL«V ɘb$OɛLQW«ULHXUGHVUD\RQVOHVFHOOXOHVVRQWSHWLWHVbFHOOXOHVPDUJLQDOHVODUJHVHWKDXWHV Coupe radiale ɘb5D\RQVOLJQHX[K«W«URJªQHVGXW\SH,,HW,,, ɘb3HUIRUDWLRQVVFDODULIRUPHV ɘb7LVVXILEUHX[FRQVWLWX«XQLTXHPHQWGHILEUHVɖWUDFK«LGHV b 2.2.4. Juniperus sp., le genévrier 11 Coupe transversale ɘb3DVVDJHFRQWLQXGXERLVLQLWLDODXERLVILQDObERLVILQDOPLQFHbDFFURLVVHPHQWVVRXYHQW IOH[XHX[ ɘb$EVHQFHGHFDQDX[U«VLQLIªUHV ɘb&HOOXOHVGHSDUHQFK\PHFRQWHQDQWGHVVXEVWDQFHVGHGXUDPLQLVDWLRQ Coupe tangentielle ɘb5D\RQVOLJQHX[DYHFXQHKDXWHXUPR\HQQHGHbb¢bFHOOXOHV Coupe radiale ɘb5D\RQVOLJQHX[VDQVWUDFK«LGHVWUDQVYHUVDOHV ɘb3RQFWXDWLRQVWD[RGLR±GHVHWVXUWRXWFXSUHVVR±GHVGDQVOHERLVLQLWLDO b 2.2.5. Phillyrea latifolia, le filaria (fig. 13, n° 5) 12 Coupe transversale ɘb%RLV¢SRUHVGLIIXV ɘb3RUHVDYHFXQHGLVSRVLWLRQIODPP«H ɘb3DUHQFK\PHMX[WDYDVFXODLUHHWDSRWUDFK«DOGLVSHUV«6XUODILJbQRbbLOHVWHQG«EXW GHFHUQHDXVVL Coupe tangentielle ɘb5D\RQVOLJQHX[ELV«UL«VGHbb¢bbFHOOXOHVGHKDXWHXU ɘb/HVFHOOXOHVGHVUD\RQVVRQWJUDQGHVHWURQGHV Coupe radiale ɘb3HUIRUDWLRQVXQLTXHV ɘb5D\RQVOLJQHX[K«W«URJªQHVGXW\SH,¢,, ɘb9DLVVHDX[HWILEUHVɖWUDFK«LGHVDYHFGHV«SDLVVLVVHPHQWVVSLUDO«VILQV b 2.2.6. Rhamnus saxatilis, le nerprun 13 /H  JHQUH  5KDPQXV  HW  OH  JHQUH  3KLOO\UHD  SHXYHQW  ¬WUH  GLVWLQJX«V  SDU  OD  FRXSH WDQJHQWLHOOH5KDPQXVVD[DWLOLVDOHVFHOOXOHVGHVUD\RQVSHWLWHVHWDOORQJ«HV b 2.2.7. Arbutus unedo, l’arbousier 14 Coupe transversale ɘb%RLV  KRPRJªQH  $X  G«EXW  GX  FHUQH  OHV  SRUHV  b¢  bwP  IRUPHQW  XQH  OLJQH GLVFRQWLQXH'DQVOHUHVWHGXFHUQHLOVVRQWLVRO«VRXDFFRO«V GHbb¢b HQOLJQHVUDGLDOHV 36 RXREOLTXHV ɘb/LPLWHGHVFHUQHVELHQYLVLEOH Coupe tangentielle ɘb5D\RQVK«W«URJªQHVSU«VHQWDQWbb¢bbFHOOXOHVGHODUJHXUHWGHbb¢bbGHKDXWHXU ɘb(SDLVVLVVHPHQWVVSLUDO«V Coupe radiale ɘb3HUIRUDWLRQVXQLTXHV ɘb3RQFWXDWLRQVSHXQRPEUHXVHV ɘb&HOOXOHVFULVWDOOLIªUHVFDUU«HVWUªVDERQGDQWHV b 2.2.8. Pinus type sylvestris, le pin du type pin sylvestre (fig. 13, no 6) 15 Coupe transversale ɘb3DVVDJHEUXVTXHGXERLVLQLWLDODXERLVILQDO ɘb&DQDX[U«VLQLIªUHVERUG«VGHJUDQGHVFHOOXOHVV«FU«WULFHV¢SDURLVPLQFHV ɘb&DQDX[U«VLQLIªUHVPHVXUDQWGHbb¢bbwP Coupe tangentielle ɘb5D\RQVOLJQHX[DYHFXQHKDXWHXUPR\HQQHGHbb¢bFHOOXOHV Coupe radiale ɘb5D\RQVOLJQHX[PXQLVGHWUDFK«LGHVWUDQVYHUVDOHV¢SDURLVGHQW«HV ɘb/HVFHOOXOHVGHSDUHQFK\PHGHVUD\RQVRQWXQHJUDQGHSRQFWXDWLRQmbHQIHQ¬WUHb}SDU FKDPSGHFURLVHPHQW b 2.2.9. Acer sp., l’érable 16 Coupe transversale ɘb%RLV¢SRUHVGLIIXV ɘb3RUHVLVRO«VRXDFFRO«VUDGLDOHPHQWSDUbb¢b ɘb3DUHQFK\PHUDUH ɘb/LPLWHGHVFHUQHVELHQYLVLEOH Coupe tangentielle ɘb5D\RQVOLJQHX[ODUJHVGHbb¢bbFHOOXOHV ɘb5D\RQV  OLJQHX[  DX[  H[WU«PLW«V  SRLQWXHV  DYHF  FHOOXOHV  PDUJLQDOHV  JUDQGHV  HW DUURQGLHV Coupe radiale ɘb3HUIRUDWLRQVXQLTXHV ɘb9DLVVHDX[DYHFGHV«SDLVVLVVHPHQWVVSLUDO«V 17 /HV«FKDQWLOORQVGɛAcerTXHQRXVDYRQV«WXGL«VSU«VHQWHQWGHVFDUDFWªUHVVRLWGɛAcer monspessulanum UD\RQVERPE«VDX[H[WU«PLW«VSRLQWXHV VRLWGɛAcer pseudoplatanus OD KDXWHXUGHVUD\RQVYDULHHQWUHbbwPHWbbPP  b 2.2.10. Pistacia terebinthus, le pistachier térébinthe 18 Coupe transversale ɘb%RLV  ¢  ]RQH  SRUHXVH  /HV  SRUHV  PHVXUHQW  GHbb¢  bwP  $  SDUWLU  GH  FHWWH  ]RQH SRUHXVHLO\DGHVJURXSHVUDGLDX[GHSRUHVSOXVSHWLWV ɘb3DUHQFK\PHSDUDWUDFK«DOHWDSRWUDFK«DOGLIIXV 37 Coupe tangentielle ɘb5D\RQVK«W«URJªQHV&HUWDLQVRQWGHVFDQDX[V«FU«WHXUVKRUL]RQWDX[ Coupe radiale ɘb3HUIRUDWLRQVVLPSOHV ɘb&HOOXOHVFULVWDOOLIªUHV ɘb(SDLVVLVVHPHQWVVSLUDO«V b 2.2.11. Prunus cf. mahaleb, le cerisier de Sainte Lucie 19 Coupe transversale ɘb%RLV¢]RQHVHPLɖSRUHXVH ɘb3RUHVDFFRO«VHQILOHVUDGLDOHVHWHQJURXSHV Coupe tangentielle ɘb5D\RQVOLJQHX[K«W«URJªQHVDYHFXQHKDXWHXUGHbFHOOXOHVHWXQHODUJHXUTXLSHXW DWWHLQGUHbbFHOOXOHV Coupe radiale ɘb3HUIRUDWLRQVXQLTXHVɘb(SDLVVLVVHPHQWVVSLUDO«VELHQGLVWLQFWV b 2.3. Interprétation des résultats 20 &HWWH  «WXGH  D  SHUPLV  GH  PHWWUH  HQ  «YLGHQFH  XQH  IRUPDWLRQ  ¢  Quercus ilex‑coccifera Quercus pubescens HW  Buxus sempervirens  WD[RQV  TXɛRQ  SHXW  WURXYHU  DFWXHOOHPHQW VXUWRXW  GDQV  Oɛ«WDJH  P«VRP«GLWHUUDQ«HQ  VXS«ULHXU  2Q  REVHUYH  «JDOHPHQW  Arbutus unedoPistacia tercbinthusPhillyrea latifoliaRhamnus saxatilisHWAcer sp WDEOILJ  21 /ɛLPSRUWDQWSRXUFHQWDJHGHBuxus sempervirensW«PRLJQHGHOɛDFWLRQKXPDLQHVXUOH PLOLHXQDWXUHO(QHIIHWOHVG«ERLVHPHQWVSUDWLTX«VSDUOɛKRPPHVXUODIRU¬WGH&K¬QH SXEHVFHQW  RQW  HQWUD°Q«  OD  U«JUHVVLRQ  GH  FHOOHɖFL  HW  RQW  DLQVL  SHUPLV  DX  %XLV  GH  VH G«YHORSSHU  /H  %XLV  FUR°W  VXU  GHV  VROV  FDOFDLUHV  HW  LQGLTXH  XQ  VXEVWUDW  ULFKH  HQ FDUERQDWHV/DSU«VHQFHGHBuxus sempervirensHWGHArbutus unedoHVWXQFDUDFWªUHGHOD G«JUDGDWLRQGXFRXYHUWY«J«WDO/ɛ$UERXVLHU Arbutus unedo HVWXQHHVSªFHSURSUHGHV FK¬QDLHVG«JUDG«HV¢Quercus ilex 22 /HV  *\PQRVSHUPHV  VRQW  LFL  UHSU«VHQW«HV  SDU  GHX[  JHQUHVb  Juniperus HW  Pinus  /D SU«VHQFHGX*HQ«YULHU Juniperus sp QɛHVWSDVVXUSUHQDQWHGDQVODY«J«WDWLRQRXYHUWH /DG«WHUPLQDWLRQDQDWRPLTXHGHFHWD[RQHVWJ«Q«ULTXH$XYXGHODOLVWHIORULVWLTXH REWHQXH  QRXV  SRXYRQV  SHQVHU  TXɛLO  VɛDJLW  GɛXQH  GHV  HVSªFHV  VXLYDQWHVb  Juniperus communis  Juniperus oxycedrus  Juniperus phoenicea. /D  UHSU«VHQWDWLRQ  GH  Pinus W\SH sylvestrisSHXW¬WUHFRQVLG«U«HFRPPHXQHVXUSULVHFDUFHWWHHVSªFHHVWFDUDFW«ULVWLTXH GHVVROVFDOFDLUHVGHOɛ«WDJHPRQWDJQDUG/H3LQHVWIDLEOHPHQWUHSU«VHQW«HWVHXOHPHQW GDQVODVWUXFWXUHb&HVGHX[WD[RQV OH*HQ«YULHUHWOH3LQW\SHV\OYHVWUH VRQWGHV HVSªFHVGHSOHLQHOXPLªUHTXLVHG«YHORSSHQWGDQVGHVVWDWLRQVGHY«J«WDWLRQRXYHUWH 23 (QFRPSDUDQWOHVGLII«UHQWHVOLVWHVIORULVWLTXHVREWHQXHVSRXUODFDEDQHbb WDEOb OH ORFXVbb WDEOb HWSRXUOHVVWUXFWXUHVbb WDEOb b WDEOb HWbb WDEOb  ILJb RQQRWH XQHFHUWDLQHKRPRJ«Q«LW«bQuercus ilex‑cocciferaBuxus sempervirensPhillyrea latifolia VRQW  FRPPXQV  ¢  WRXWHV  OHV  VWUXFWXUHVb  Quercus pubescens HVW  FRPPXQ  ¢  WRXWHV  OHV VWUXFWXUHVVDXIOHORFXVbbJuniperus spHVWFRPPXQDX[VWUXFWXUHVbbHWb3DUFRQWUH 38 OHVGLVWULEXWLRQVGHVWD[RQVGDQVOHVGLII«UHQWHVVWUXFWXUHVSU«VHQWHQWGHQRPEUHXVHV GLYHUJHQFHV ILJbHWb  ● Fig.14 – Tableaux 1 à 5. Représentation des taxons en nombre et en pourcentage dans les différentes structures étudiées : 1 – Cabane 1. 2 – Locus 1. 3 – Structure 3. 4 – Structure 5. 5 – Structure 6. ● Fig.15 – Tableau 6 : répartition des charbons de bois par taxons sur l’ensemble des structures étudiées en nombre et en pourcentage. 39 24 1RXV  QH  GLVFXWHURQV  LFL  TXH  GHV  WD[RQV  OHV  SOXV  UHSU«VHQWDWLIV  GDQV  OɛRUGUH GɛLPSRUWDQFHb &DEDQHb /RFXVb – Quercus ilex‑coccifera – Quercus ilex‑coccifera – Buxus sempervirens – Buxus sempervirens – Quercus pubescens – Rhamnus /Phillyrea 6WUXFWXUHb 6WUXFWXUHb b – Juniperus sp. – Quercus pubescens b – Quercus ilex‑coccifera – Buxus sempervirens b – Quercus pubescens – Juniperus sp. b 6WUXFWXUHb ɘbBuxus sempervirens – Quercus ilex‑coccifera – Arbutus unedo 25 /ɛDERQGDQFHGHQuercus pubescensSHXWWUDGXLUHXQVROSOXV«SDLVHWSOXVULFKHTXHOHVRO DFWXHO/DG«JUDGDWLRQTXHOɛRQFRQVWDWHDXMRXUGɛKXLDFKDVV«FHWWHHVSªFHYHUVOHVEDV GHYHUVDQWVHWOHVG«SUHVVLRQVSOXVULFKHVHQ«O«PHQWVDFFXPXO«V 26 (QFHTXLFRQFHUQHOɛDQDWRPLHGHFHVFKDUERQVLOIDXWVLJQDOHUTXɛXQJUDQGSRXUFHQWDJH GHV  FKDUERQV  GH  Quercus pubescens W«PRLJQH  GɛXQH  FURLVVDQFH  WUªV  OHQWH  FHUQHV GɛDFFURLVVHPHQW«WURLWV &HFLHVWHQIDYHXUGɛXQHFK¬QDLHDVVH]IHUP«H1RXVSRXYRQV DLQVL  SHQVHU  TXɛHQ  FH  WHPSVɖO¢  OD  FK¬QDLH  PL[WH  &K¬QH  YHUWNHUPªV  HW  &K¬QH SXEHVFHQW GRPLQDLW¢%RXVVDUJXHVPDLVTXHQuercus pubescensWHQDLWXQHSODFHSOXV LPSRUWDQWHTXɛDFWXHOOHPHQW'HVWUDFHVGHGHVWUXFWLRQGHVVROVSHXYHQW¬WUHREVHUY«HV VXUOHVLWHOXLɖP¬PH b 2.4. 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Introduction 1 1RXVOɛDYRQVG«M¢VRXOLJQ«OHFRQWH[WHDUFK«RORJLTXHGDQVOHTXHOOHVLWHGH%RXVVDUJXHV VɛLQVFULWHVWGɛXQHJUDQGHULFKHVVHHWGɛXQHFHUWDLQHGLYHUVLW«$ODVXLWHGHQRPEUHX[ WUDYDX[GɛLQYHQWDLUHU«DOLV«VGDQVOɛDUULªUHɖSD\VPRQWSHOOL«UDLQQRWDPPHQWFHX[GH -b9DOORQ  HWGH1b0LOOV  RXSOXVU«FHPPHQW/b-DOORW GRVVLHUGɛ«WXGHGHV 326GH9LROVɖOHɖ)RUWHW9LROVɖHQɖ/DYDOG«SRV«¢ODGLUHFWLRQGHV$QWLTXLW«V QRXVDYRQV YRXOXLFLUDVVHPEOHUOHVGRQQ«HVHVVHQWLHOOHVFRQFHUQDQWODORQJXHS«ULRGHQ«ROLWKLTXH ILQDOɖFKDOFROLWKLTXH/ɛ«WXGHLQWHUSU«WDWLYHTXLGRLWORJLTXHPHQWHQG«FRXOHUHVW¢SHLQH DPRUF«HPDLVFHVLQIRUPDWLRQVRQWODUJHPHQW«W«XWLOLV«HVGDQVODGHX[LªPHSDUWLHGX SU«VHQWRXYUDJH FIinfra,,ib  2 1RXVGRQQRQVLFLODOLVWHGHVVLWHV KDELWDWVHWWRPEHVJURWWHV¢XVDJHLQG«WHUPLQ«RX FDYLW«V  V«SXOFUDOHV  UHFRQQXV  VXU  OHV  ]RQHV  U«FHPPHQW  U«YLV«HV  GHV  FRPPXQHV Gɛ$UJHOOLHUV9DLOKDXTXªV9LROVɖHQɖ/DYDO9LROVɖOHɖ)RUWHWHQSDUWLH0XUOHV&D]HYLHLOOH 0DVɖGHɖ/RQGUHV3XHFKDERQ3U«FLVRQVTXHFHUWDLQVVHFWHXUVGHFHVFRPPXQHVQɛRQWSX ¬WUHU«YLV«VRXP¬PHSURVSHFW«V fig. 16  57 ● Fig. 16 – Carte de répartition des sites néo‑chalcolithiques. A gauche : 1. grotte ou abri sous‑roche. 2. station de plein air. 3. village de 1 ha et plus. 4. village de moins de 5000 m2. 5. cabane isolée. 6. dolmen. 7. tombe ovale. 8. nécropole. 9. menhir. A droite : état actuel des prospections : A. zone de prospections intensives. B. zone en cours de prospection. 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Inventaire des sites 5.2.1. Villages 5.2.1.1. 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SOXVLHXUV  FDEDQHV  DX  PRLQVb  GRQW  XQH  GH  JUDQGH  WDLOOH  bP b  XQH SDUWLHGXYLOODJHDVHUYLGHFDUULªUH¢XQIRXU¢FKDX[VLWX«¢SUR[LPLW« Situationb  RULHQW«  ¢  OɛHVW  ¢  OD  EDVH  GɛXQH  FROOLQH  GRPLQDQW  SOXVLHXUV  G«SUHVVLRQV FXOWLYDEOHV Bibliographieb*DVFRbbb0LOOVbɖ 31 Gisement : Soulas Fouillesb9DOORQ &HQWUHGHUHFKDUFKGHV&K¬QHVYHUWV  Chronologieb&KDOFROLWKLTXH MobilierbSRWHULHIRQWEX[LHQQHVLOH[PDW«ULHOGHEUR\DJH Etendue et structuresbJUDQGHVFDEDQHV¢DEVLGHbGHSOXVGHbbPGHORQJbGHX[JURXSHV GRQWXQGHbPDLVRQV VXUHQYLURQbbKDFRQVWLWXHQWOHYLOODJH Situationb  RULHQW«  DX  VXGɖHVW  DX  FRQWDFW  LPP«GLDW  GH  OD  G«SUHVVLRQ  FXOWLYDEOH  GH 9LROVɖOHɖ)RUW Bibliographieb*DVFRbbb*XWKHU]bbb0LOOVbɖb9DOORQb 32 Gisement : cabane du Truc de Martin Prospectionsb9DOORQ-DOORW 64 ChronologiebSUREDEOHPHQW&KDOFROLWKLTXHMobilierb6LOH[ Etendue et structuresbbGDOOHVGUHVV«HVELHQYLVLEOHVPDUTXHQWOɛHQWU«HGɛXQHVWUXFWXUH DOORQJ«H  ¢  GRXEOH  DEVLGH  ORQJXHXUbP   FHWWH  FDEDQH  LVRO«H  TXL  HVW  SHXWɖ¬WUH  XQH 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Commune : Argelliers 35 Gisement : station de Couviel Prospectionsb-DOORW Chronologieb1«ROLWKLTXHILQDO&KDOFROLWKLTXH MobilierbTXHOTXHVWHVVRQVQXFO«XVHQVLOH[ Etendue et structuresbVWDWLRQG«WUXLWHSDUXQLPSRUWDQWYLOODJHP«GL«YDOHWGHVHQFORVb SDVGHVWUXFWXUHVVHUDSSRUWDQWDYHFFHUWLWXGH¢OD3U«KLVWRLUH Situationb  HQ  ERUGXUH  VXG  GɛXQ  PDPHORQ  GRPLQDQW  XQH  WUªV  SHWLWH  G«SUHVVLRQ FXOWLYDEOHbVRXUFHSUREDEOH¢SUR[LPLW« BibliographiebLQ«GLW 36 Gisement : station des Espinouses Prospectionsb0LOOV Chronologieb1«ROLWKLTXHILQDO&KDOFROLWKLTXH MobilierbWHVVRQV SU«KHQVLRQV RXWLOVHQVLOH[ Etendue et structuresbTXHOTXHVPªWUHVFDUU«VSDVGHVWUXFWXUHV SituationbRULHQW«H¢OɛHVWVXUXQHFU¬WH Bibliographieb0LOOVbɖ 37 Gisement : stations des Gardies Chronologieb&KDOFROLWKLTXHMobilierbWHVVRQVPDW«ULHOGHEUR\DJH 65 SituationbbSHWLWHVVWDWLRQVVLWX«HVGHSDUWHWGɛDXWUHDXQRUGɖHVWHWVXGɖRXHVWGɛXQH FROOLQHGRPLQDQWXQHSHWLWHG«SUHVVLRQHW¢SUR[LPLW«GɛXQYLOODJHIRQWEX[LHQ BibliographiebLQ«GLW 38 Gisement : station de la Matte Prospectionsb0LOOV Chronologieb1«ROLWKLTXHILQDO&KDOFROLWKLTXH MobilierbWHVVRQVRXWLOVGHVLOH[ Etendue, structures, situationbHQERUGXUHGɛXQSODWHDX¢OɛHVWbSDVGHVWUXFWXUHV Bibliographieb0LOOVbɖ 39 Gisement : station du Pas de tir Prospectionsb9DOORQ*DVFR0LOOV Chronologieb1«ROLWKLTXHILQDO&KDOFROLWKLTXH MobilierbDERQGDQWWHVVRQVG«FRU«VGHFRUGRQVHQUHOLHIRXWLOVHQVLOH[ Etendue et structuresbPDW«ULHOGLVSHUV«VXUbbPSDVGHPXUV Situationb  VXU  OD  SHQWH  GɛXQ  PDPHORQ  GRPLQDQW  ¢  OɛRXHVW  XQH  SHWLWH  G«SUHVVLRQ FXOWLYDEOH Bibliographieb*DVFRbbb0LOOVbɖ 40 Gisement : station de Saugras Prospectionsb0LOOV Chronologieb1«ROLWKLTXHILQDOHW&KDOFROLWKLTXH Mobiler TXHOTXHVWHVVRQVSRUWDQWGHVFRUGRQVDSSOLTX«V Etendue et structuresb  SHWLWH  VXUIDFH  GHbbP  VDQV  VWUXFWXUHV  DSSDUHQWHVb  OH  VLWH SU«KLVWRULTXHHVWSUREDEOHPHQWG«WUXLWHQJUDQGHSDUWLHSDUXQHRFFXSDWLRQP«GL«YDOH SituationbVXUOHVRPPHWGɛXQHFROOLQHGRPLQDQWXQHSHWLWHG«SUHVVLRQHWXQHVRXUFH Bibliographieb0LOOVbɖ b 5.2.2.2. Commune : Vailhauquès 41 Gisement : station de Lacoste Prospectionsb$XGLEHUW Chronologieb&KDOFROLWKLTXHb" MobilierbVLOH[SRWHULH Situationb  VXU  OD  SHQWH  VXGɖHVW  GɛXQ  SHWLW  SODWHDX  GRPLQDQW  OD  G«SUHVVLRQ  GH 9DLOKDXTXªV Bibliographieb$XGLEHUW%RXGRXbbb9DOORQb 42 Gisement : station de Reinhardt Prospectionsb$XGLEHUW*DVFR Chronologieb&KDOFROLWKLTXH MobilierbVLOH[ SituationbDXVRPPHWGɛXQPDPHORQGRPLQDQWODSODLQHGH9DLOKDXTXªVSUªVGHWURLV GROPHQV Bibliographieb$XGLEHUWbEb9DOORQb 43 Gisement : station de la Rouvière Prospectionsb$XGLEHUW Chronologieb1«ROLWKLTXHILQDO&KDOFROLWKLTXH MobilierbTXHOTXHVRXWLOVHQVLOH[ 66 SituationbVXUOHERUGGɛXQSODWHDX Bibliographieb$XGLEHUW%RXGRXbbb9DOORQb 44 Gisement : station des Travers (Travers 3) Prospectionsb$XGLEHUW Chronologieb&KDOFROLWKLTXHb" MobilierbVLOH[SRWHULH SituationbGRPLQDQWVXUXQHFU¬WHODG«SUHVVLRQGH0XUOHV¢OɛHVWVLWX«H¢HQYLURQbbP HQDPRQWGɛXQYLOODJHFKDOFROLWKLTXH Bibliographieb$XGLEHUWbEb9DOORQb b 5.2.2.3. Commune : Viols‑le‑Fort 45 Gisement : station de Cazarils Prospectionsb*XWKHU]-DOORW Chronologieb1«ROLWKLTXHILQDO&KDOFROLWKLTXH MobilierbWHVVRQVVLOH[JDOHWV Etendue et structuresbVWDWLRQVDWHOOLWHGXYLOODJHSURFKHRFFXSDQWXQHJUDQGHVXUIDFH bKD b VXU FHWWH DLUH RQ WURXYH XQH LPSRUWDQWH FRQFHQWUDWLRQ GH YHVWLJHV GH WRXWH «SRTXH Situationb  VXU  XQH  IDLEOH  SHQWH  RULHQW«H  DX  VXGɖHVW  GRPLQDQW  OD  G«SUHVVLRQ  GH 9LROVɖOHɖ)RUW BibliographiebLQ«GLW 46 Gisement : station du bois de Laval Prospectionsb-DOORW Chronologieb&KDOFROLWKLTXH MobilierbWHVVRQ SU«KHQVLRQ VLOH[ Etendue et structuresbSHWLWHVWDWLRQVDWHOOLWHGXKDPHDXSURFKHPRELOLHUGLVSHUV«HWSHX DERQGDQWVXUbbPbSDVGHVWUXFWXUHV SituationbVXUXQHSHQWHRULHQW«HDXVXG BibliographiebLQ«GLW 47 Gisement : station du Mazet Prospectionsb-DOORW Chronologieb1«ROLWKLTXHILQDO&KDOFROLWKLTXH MobilierbWHVVRQVVLOH[ Etendue et structuresb  SHWLWH  VWDWLRQ  GH  TXHOTXHV  PªWUHV  FDUU«Vb  XQ  WURQ©RQ  GH  PXU FRUUHVSRQGSHXWɖ¬WUHDX[YHVWLJHVGɛXQHFDEDQH Situationb  VXU  XQH  IRUWH  SHQWH  RULHQW«H  DX  VXG  DXɖGHVVXV  GH  OD  G«SUHVVLRQ  GH 9LROVɖOHɖ)RUW BibliographiebLQ«GLW 48 Gisement : station du Moulin Prospectionsb9DOORQ-DOORW Chronologieb1«ROLWKLTXHILQDO&KDOFROLWKLTXH MobilierbWHVVRQVVLOH[PDW«ULHODERQGDQW Etendue et structuresb  SHWLWH  VWDWLRQ  DXMRXUGɛKXL  G«WUXLWH  SDU  XQ  ORWLVVHPHQW  HW  TXL SHXWɖ¬WUH«WDLWXQSURORQJHPHQWGɛXQYLOODJHFKDOFROLWKLTXHSURFKH Situation   DX  VRPPHW  GɛXQ  PRQWLFXOH  GRPLQDQW  ¢  OɛHVW  HW  DX  QRUG  GHV  G«SUHVVLRQV 67 FXOWLYDEOHVLPSRUWDQWHV BibliographiebLQ«GLW 49 Gisement : station des Roques Prospectionsb9DOORQ0LOOV Chronologieb1«ROLWKLTXHILQDO&KDOFROLWKLTXH MobilierbWHVVRQVQRPEUHX[JDOHWVGHULYLªUH Etendue et structuresbQRPEUHX[PXUVGLIILFLOHV¢LGHQWLILHUSituationbKDELWDWSHUFK«VXU XQSHWLWSODWHDXDXVXGGɛXQVRPPHWSURFKHGHODWHUUDVVHFXOWLYDEOHGH0DXUH Bibliographieb0LOOVbɖ b 5.2.3. Grottes et abris sous roche 5.2.3.1. Commune : Argelliers 50 Gisement : grotte du Bartas Prospectionsb9DOORQ-DOORW Chronologieb&KDOFROLWKLTXH MobilierbTXHOTXHVWHVVRQVIRQWEX[LHQV Aspect et situationb  JURWWH  HIIRQGU«H  VLWX«H  HQ  IDFH  GX  YLOODJH  GH  %RXVVDUJXHV  DX VRPPHWGɛXQHSHWLWHFROOLQHBibliographiebLQ«GLW 51 Gisement : bergerie des Chèvres Prospectionsb9DOORQ Chronologieb1«ROLWKLTXHILQDO&KDOFROLWKLTXH MobilierbSRWHULHVLQKXPDWLRQV Aspect et situationbDYHQVLWX«HQIDFHGXSU«F«GHQW BibliographiebLQ«GLW 52 Gisement : grotte de Rabassiè Fouilles9DOORQ &HQWUHGHUHFKDUFKGHV&K¬QHVYHUWV  Chronologieb1«ROLWKLTXHILQDO&KDOFROLWKLTXH MobilierbQRPEUHX[UHVWHVKXPDLQVSDUXUHVVLOH[ Aspect et situationb  JURWWH  VLWX«H  VXU  OHV  KDXWHXUV  GRPLQDQW  OD  G«SUHVVLRQ  GH 9LROVɖOHɖ)RUW¢SUR[LPLW«GɛXQHSHWLWHVWDWLRQGHSOHLQDLU Bibliographieb&HQWUHGHUHFKDUFKGHV&K¬QHVYHUWVb9DOORQb 53 Gisement : grotte 1 de Saugras FouillesHWVRQGDJHVb$EE«%RQDO$XGLEHUW Prospectionsb0LOOV Chronologieb1«ROLWKLTXHILQDO&KDOFROLWKLTXHU«XWLOLV«H¢Oɛ¤JHGX)HU Mobilierb  WHVVRQV  FDQQHOXUHV  HQ  P«WRSH  LQFLVLRQV  HQ  FKHYURQV  SDVWLOOHV  IRUPHV FDU«Q«HV VLOH[ JUDWWRLUODPSHV IDXQH Aspect et situationb  bFP  GH  G«YHORSSHPHQW  JUDQGH  VDOOH  D\DQW  OLYU«  XQ  IR\HU VXUbbPbGDQVXQHFRXFKHGɛXQHTXLQ]DLQHGHFHQWLPªWUHVGɛ«SDLVVHXUbOHFRXORLUDOLYU« OHV«O«PHQWVGɛXQJUDQGYDVHIRQWEX[LHQ Bibliographieb$XGLEHUWbEb%RXGRX9LGDObb*XWKHU]bb9DOORQb 54 Gisement : grotte 3 de Saugras Fouillesb$XGLEHUW Prospectionsb0LOOV Chronologieb1«ROLWKLTXHILQDO&KDOFROLWKLTXH 68 MobilierbWHVVRQV SDVWLOOHVFKHYURQV  Aspect et situationbJURWWHH[LJX­QɛD\DQWSUREDEOHPHQWVHUYLTXɛRFFDVLRQQHOOHPHQW Bibliographieb$XGLEHUWbEb9DOORQb 55 Gisement : grotte 7 de Saugras FouillesHWVRQGDJHVb$XGLEHUW Chronologieb&KDOFROLWKLTXH MobilierbVLOH[SRWHULHV FDQQHOXUHVSDVWLOOHV  Aspect et situationbJUDQGSRUFKHJURWWHYLGDQJ«HGRPLQDQWOHEDVVLQGH6DXJUDV Bibliographieb$XGLEHUWbEb9DOORQb b 5.2.3.2. Commune : Cazevieille 56 Gisement : aven de Seuilles FouillesHWSURVSHFWLRQVb9DOORQ6RXOLHU-DOORW Chronologieb&KDOFROLWKLTXH MobilierbSRWHULH Aspect et situationbIDLOOHV«SXOFUDOHFRQWHQDQWOHVFU¤QHVGHSOXVLHXUVLQGLYLGXVbOɛHQWU«H «WDLWUHFRXYHUWHSDUSOXVLHXUVGDOOHVSODWHVGRQWOɛXQHHVWXQHVWªOHDQLFRQLTXHbVXU OɛDYHQIXUHQW«GLIL«VSOXVLHXUVWXPXOXV¢GLII«UHQWHV«SRTXHV BibliographiebLQ«GLW 57 Gisement : grotte de Seuilles Prospectionsb9DOORQ-DOORW Chronologieb&KDOFROLWKLTXH MobilierbVLOH[ DUPDWXUH  Aspect et situationbDEULVɛRXYUDQWDXɖGHVVXVGHODG«SUHVVLRQGH6HXLOOHV BibliographiebLQ«GLW b 5.2.3.3. Commune : St‑Martin‑de‑Londres 58 Gisement : grotte du bois de Garonne Sondages 3UDGHV&RORPHU Chronologieb1«ROLWKLTXHPR\HQ1«ROLWKLTXHILQDO&KDOFROLWKLTXH MobilierbVLOH[F«UDPLTXHIDXQH Aspect et situationb  JUDQG  DYHQ  G«EXWDQW  SDU  XQ  FRXORLU  ¢  IRUWH  SHQWH  3XLVVDQW UHPSOLVVDJHVWUDWLIL«6XUOHIODQFVXGGɛXQHFROOLQHGRPLQDQWODFRPEHGH&D]DULOV Bibliographieb9DOORQbb b 5.2.3.4. Commune : Vailhauquès 59 Gisement : abri 1 de l’Arnède Fouillesb$XGLEHUW Chronologieb&KDOFROLWKLTXHb" MobilierbWHVVRQV Aspect et situationbSHWLWDEULVLWX«¢SUR[LPLW«GHbbYLOODJHVFKDOFROLWKLTXHV Bibliographieb$XGLEHUWbEb9DOORQb 60 Gisement : abri 2 de l’Arnède Fouillesb$XGLEHUW Chronologieb&KDOFROLWKLTXHb" 69 MobilierbKDFKHSROLHSRWHULH FRUGRQV  Aspect et situationb  JUDQG  DEUL  SHXWɖ¬WUH  V«SXOFUDO  SURFKH  GH  GHX[  YLOODJHV FKDOFROLWKLTXHV Bibliographieb$XGLEHUWb9DOORQb b 5.2.3.5. Commune : Viols‑en‑Laval 61 Gisement : grotte du Gros Chêne Prospectionsb&RORPHU-DOORW Chronologieb1«ROLWKLTXHILQDO&KDOFROLWKLTXHb" MobilierbSRWHULH Aspect et situationbJUDQGFRXORLUGHVFHQGDQWHQWLªUHPHQWYLG«SDUGHVYDQGDOHV BibliographiebLQ«GLW 62 Gisement : grotte du Rendez‑vous de chasse Fouillesb3DQQRX[ Chronologie3DO«ROLWKLTXH1«ROLWKLTXHILQDO&KDOFROLWKLTXH MobilierbLQGXVWULHRVVHXVH DXULJQDFLHQQHb" F«UDPLTXHVLOH[ Aspect et situationbJURWWHGHbbPGHORQJVɛRXYUDQWDXQLYHDXGɛXQWDOZHJ Bibliographie*HQQHYDX[0DXFKHbb3DQQRX[bDb9DOORQb 63 Gisement : aven Vidal Prospectionsb-DOORW Chronologieb1«ROLWKLTXHILQDO&KDOFROLWKLTXH MobilierbSRWHULH Aspect et situationbJUDQGHGROLQHDXIRQGGHODTXHOOHVɛRXYUHOɛDYHQbGDQVXQHJDOHULH GHV  IRVVHV  FKDUERQQHXVHV  RQW  «W«  G«WUXLWHV  SDU  OHV  YLVLWHXUV  GH  QRPEUHX[  WHVVRQV JLVHQWVXUOHVROWUDFHVGɛLQKXPDWLRQV BibliographiebLQ«GLW b 5.2.4. Dolmens 5.2.4.1. Commune : Argelliers 64 Gisement : dolmen du mas Andrieu Fouillesb9DOORQ &HQWUHGHUHFKDUFKGHV&K¬QHVYHUWV  Chronologieb1«ROLWKLTXHILQDO&KDOFROLWKLTXH%URQ]HDQFLHQHWPR\HQ MobilierbSRWHULHP«WDO Description du monumentbWUªVG«JUDG«FKDPEUHHQGDOOHVHWFRXORLUHQSLHUUHVªFKH SituationbVXUXQHKDXWHXUGRPLQDQWODG«SUHVVLRQGH9LROVɖOHɖ)RUW Bibliographieb&HQWUHGHUHFKDUFKGHV&K¬QHVYHUWVb9DOORQb 65 Gisement : dolmen de Cantagrils Fouillesb$XGLEHUW Chronologieb1«ROLWKLTXHILQDO&KDOFROLWKLTXHU«XWLOLV«¢Oɛ¤JHGX)HU MobilierbSRWHULHP«WDO Description du monumentbSHWLWGROPHQDXMRXUGɛKXLG«WUXLWFRQVWLWX«GɛXQHFKDPEUH TXDGUDQJXODLUHWXPXOXV¢JUDGLQV SituationbDXFRQWDFWGɛXQYLOODJHFKDOFROLWKLTXHSUªVGɛXQHVRXUFH Bibliographieb$UQDObb$XGLEHUWet aliibb9DOORQb 70 66 Gisement : dolmen du mas de Cournon Fouillesb9DOORQ &HQWUHGHUHFKDUFKGHV&K¬QHVYHUWV Chronologieb&KDOFROLWKLTXH MobilierbSRWHULHSDUXUH Description du monumentbUXLQ«bVHXOHVGHX[GDOOHVGHODFKDPEUHHWOHPXUHWVHUYDQWGH FKHYHWVRQWYLVLEOHVFRXORLU¢PXUVGHSLHUUHVªFKH SituationbVXUXQHKDXWHXUGRPLQDQWODG«SUHVVLRQGH9LROVɖOHɖ)RUW Bibliographieb&HQWUHGHUHFKDUFKGHV&K¬QHVYHUWVb9DOORQb 67 Gisement : dolmen du Pouzet Fouillesb9DOORQ &HQWUHGHUHFKDUFKGHV&K¬QHVYHUWV  Chronologieb1«ROLWKLTXHILQDO&KDOFROLWKLTXH MobilierbSDUXUHP«WDO Bibliographieb%DUJHbb 68 Gisement : dolmen de la combe du Rat Fouillesb9DOORQ Chronologieb1«ROLWKLTXHILQDO&KDLFROLWKLTXH%URQ]H MobilierbVLOH[ DUPDWXUHV SDUXUHV SLHUUHP«WDO  Description du monumentb  JUDQG  GROPHQ  DYHF  FKDPEUH  HQ  GDOOHV  HW  DQWLFKDPEUH  HQ PXUVFRXORLUG«FHQWU«PL[WH GDOOHVHWPXUV  SituationbDXɖGHVVXVGHOɛ¢ɖSLFGHOɛ+«UDXOW Bibliographieb&HQWUHGHUHFKDUFKGHV&K¬QHVYHUWVb9DOORQb b 5.2.4.2. Commune : Cazevieille / Mas‑de‑Londres 69 Gisement : dolmen 2 de la limite Chronologieb1«ROLWKLTXHILQDO&KDOFROLWKLTXH MobilierbTXHOTXHVSHUOHVHQVW«DWLWH Description du monumentbFKDPEUHUXLQ«HHQGDOOHVHWFRXORLUG«FHQWU« Situationb¢SUR[LPLW«GXGROPHQb Bibliographieb$UQDObb9DOORQb b 5.2.4.3. Commune : Mas‑de‑Londres 70 Gisement : dolmen 1 de la limite Fouillesb%RXVTXHW Chronologieb&KDOFROLWKLTXHXQHLQKXPDWLRQZLVLJRWKLTXH MobilierbVLOH[SRWHULHV Description du monumentbSHWLWGROPHQ¢FRXORLUG«FHQWU«HW¢FKDPEUHHQPXUV SituationbDXSLHGGɛXQHFROOLQH Bibliographieb$UQDObb%RXVTXHWbb9DOORQ b 5.2.4.4. Commune : Murles 71 Gisement : dolmen 1 de Las Cans (la Caisse des Morts). Fouillesb$XGLEHUW Chronologieb1«ROLWKLTXHILQDO&KDOFROLWKLTXH MobilierbVLOH[SRWHULH Description du monumentb  FKDPEUH  FDUU«H  WUDQVIRUP«H  HQ  FDEDQH  GH  FKDUERQQLHU 71 FRXORLUHQGDOOHVHWSLHUUHVªFKHWXPXOXV Bibliographieb$XGLEHUW%RXGRXbbb&D]DOLVGH)RQGRXFHbb9DOORQb 72 Gisement : dolmen 2 de Las Cans Fouillesb$XGLEHUW Chronologieb1«ROLWKLTXHILQDO&KDOFROLWKLTXH MobilierbVLOH[ ODPH SRWHULH W«WRQ  Description du monumentbGDOOHGHFKHYHWWULDQJXODLUHFKDPEUHUHFWDQJXODLUHFRXORLU HQGDOOHVHWPXUHWVWXPXOXVSDUHPHQW«¢JUDGLQV Bibliographieb$XGLEHUW%RXGRXbbb9DOORQb 73 Gisement : ciste ou dolmen 3 de Las Cans Fouillesb$XGLEHUW Chronologieb&KDOFROLWKLTXHb" MobilierbLQFRQQX Description du monumentbFLVWHHQFORVHGDQVXQSHWLWWXPXOXV SituationbSUªVGXGROPHQbbGH/DV&DQV Bibliographieb$XGLEHUW%RXGRXbbb9DOORQb 74 Gisement : ciste ou dolmen 4 de Las Cans Prospectionsb$XGLEHUW Chronologieb&KDOFROLWKLTXHb" MobilierbLQFRQQX Description du monumentbSHWLWHFKDPEUHFRXORLU¢GDOOHVHWSLHUUHVªFKHWXPXOXV SituationbSUªVGXGROPHQbbGH/DV&DQV Bibliographieb$XGLEHUW%RXGRXbbb9DOORQb 75 Gisement : ciste ou dolmen 5 de Las Cans Prospectionsb$XGLEHUW Chronologieb&KDOFROLWKLTXHb" MobilierbSRWHULH Description du monumentbSHWLWHFKDPEUHUHFWDQJXODLUHDYHFFRXORLUHQGDOOHVWXPXOXV SituationbSUªVGXGROPHQbbGH/DV&DQV Bibliographieb$XGLEHUW%RXGRXbbb9DOORQb 76 Gisement : dolmen 1 de Murles Prospectionsb$XGLEHUW Chronologieb&KDOFROLWKLTXHb" Description du monumentbGROPHQVLPSOHGDOOHVGHFRXYHUWXUHWXPXOXV SituationbVXUXQHFROOLQHGRPLQDQWXQHFRPEH Bibliographieb$XGLEHUW%RXGRXbbb9DOORQb 77 Gisement : dolmen 2 de Murles Prospectionsb$XGLEHUW Chronologieb&KDOFROLWKLTXHb" Description du monumentb  ORQJXH  FLVWH  bP   HQWRXU«H  GɛXQ  WXPXOXV  HQ  SDUWLH FRQVWUXLWHGDQVOHODSLD]bLOVɛDJLWSHXWɖ¬WUHGɛXQHWRPEHRYDOH Bibliographieb$XGLEHUW%RXGRXbbb9DOORQb 78 Gisement : dolmen du mas de Perri Fouillesb$EE«%RQDO Chronologieb&KDOFROLWKLTXH MobilierbbSHUOHVHQVW«DWLWHIUDJPHQWVGHYDVHFDPSDQLIRUPH 72 Description du monumentb  SHWLW  GROPHQ  HQ  SDUWLH  UXLQ«  FKDPEUH  DQWLFKDPEUH  HW FRXORLUGDOOHGHFRXYHUWXUHUHQYHUV«H SituationbDXVRPPHWGɛXQHFROOLQHVXUVDSHQWHVXG Bibliographieb$UQDObb$XGLEHUW%RXGRXbbb9DOORQb b 5.2.4.5. Commune : Puechabon 79 Gisement : dolmen de la carrière d’Espinasse (de Boscorre) Fouillesb&DUOHV Chronologieb1«ROLWKLTXH)LQDO&KDOFROLWKLTXHb" Description du monumentbFRXORLUHQSLHUUHVªFKHFKDPEUHUXLQ«HDFWXHOOHPHQWG«WUXLW Bibliographieb$UQDObb&DUOHVbb9DOORQb b 5.2.4.6. Commune : Vailhauquès 80 Gisement : coffre de Lacoste Prospectionsb$XGLEHUW Chronologieb&KDOFROLWKLTXHb" MobilierbSRWHULH Description du monumentb  FLVWH  G«WUXLWH  FKDPEUH  HQ  GDOOHVb  RULHQW«H  HVWɖVXGɖHVW RXHVWɖQRUGɖRXHVW SituationbVXUXQHFU¬WHGRPLQDQWOHGROPHQGH/DFRVWH Bibliographieb$XGLEHUW%RXGRXbbb9DOORQb 81 Gisement : dolmen 1 de Lacoste (la Lauze Couverte) Fouillesb&D]DOLVGH)RQGRXFHb" Chronologieb1«ROLWKLTXHILQDO&KDOFROLWKLTXH MobilierbSHUOHVHQVW«DWLWH Description du monumentb  GROPHQ  FRXYHUW  FKDPEUH  HQ  GDOOHV  HW  FRXORLU  WXPXOXV SDUHPHQW« SituationbVXUOHIODQFHVWGɛXQHFROOLQHGRPLQDQWODG«SUHVVLRQGH9DLOKDXTXªV Bibliographieb$XGLEHUW%RXGRXbbb&D]DOLVGH)RQGRXFHbbb9DOORQb 82 Gisement : dolmen 2 de Lacoste Prospectionsb$XGLEHUW Chronologieb1«ROLWKLTXHILQDO&KDOFROLWKLTXHb" Bibliographieb$XGLEHUW%RXGRXbb9DOORQb 83 Gisement : dolmen 1 du mas Reinhardt Fouillesb$XGLEHUW Chronologieb1«ROLWKLTXHILQDO&KDOFROLWKLTXHU«XWLOLV«¢Oɛ¤JHGX%URQ]HHW¢Oɛ¤JHGX )HU MobilierbSRWHULHP«WDO Description du monumentbSHWLWGROPHQ¢FKDPEUHTXDGUDQJXODLUHHQGDOOHVHWFRXORLU G«FHQWU«¢PXUVFRXYHUW SituationbVXUXQHIRUWHSHQWHDXQRUG Bibliographieb$XGLEHUW%RXGRXbb9DOORQb 84 Gisement : dolmen 2 du mas Reinhardt Fouillesb$UQDO Chronologieb1«ROLWKLTXHILQDO&KDOFROLWKLTXH 73 MobilierbSHUOHVVLOH[ Description du monumentb  FKDPEUH  WUDS«]R±GDOH  FRXORLU  G«FHQWU«  HQ  GDOOHV  HW  PXUV WXPXOXVSDUHPHQW« SituationbVXUXQUHSODWDXɖGHVVXVGHODG«SUHVVLRQGH9DLOKDXTXªV Bibliographieb$UQDObɖb9DOORQb 85 Gisement : dolmen 3 du mas Reinhardt Fouillesb$EE«%RQDO$XGLEHUW Chronologieb1«ROLWKLTXHILQDO&KDOFROLWKLTXH¤JHGX%URQ]HU«XWLOLV«¢Oɛ¤JHGX)HU MobilierbVLOH[SRWHULHSDUXUH Description du monumentbFKDPEUHFDUU«HDQWLFKDPEUHHWFRXORLUHQGDOOHVmbSRUWHGH IRXUb}WXPXOXVSDUHPHQW« SituationbYRLVLQGHVGHX[SU«F«GHQWVVXUXQHSHQWHDEUXSWH Bibliographieb$XGLEHUWbEb$UQDObb9DOORQb b 5.2.4.7. Commune : Viols‑en‑Laval 86 Gisement : dolmen 1 de Cambous Fouillesb9DOORQHW6RXOLHU&DQHW Chronologieb&KDOFROLWKLTXH¤JHGX)HU MobilierbSDUXUHF«UDPLTXH Description du monumentb  SHWLW  GROPHQ  ¢  FRXORLU  GDOOH  GH  FKHYHW  FKDPEUH  ¢  PXUV WXPXOXVSDUHPHQW«¢JUDGLQV SituationbVXUODSHQWHVXGGɛXQHFROOLQHSRUWDQWXQYLOODJHFKDOFROLWKLTXH Bibliographieb&HQWUHGHUHFKDUFKGHV&K¬QHVYHUWVb9DOORQb 87 Gisement : dolmen 2 de Cambous Prospectionsb&DQHW-DOORW Chronologieb&KDOFROLWKLTXHb" Description du monumentbSHWLWGROPHQVLPSOHUXLQ« SituationbMRX[WDQWXQYLOODJHFKDOFROLWKLTXH Bibliographieb&DQHW5RXGLOb 88 Gisement : dolmen de Trumauquiès Fouillesb9DOORQ &HQWUHGHUHFKDUFKGHV&K¬QHVYHUWV  Chronologie1«ROLWKLTXHILQDO&KDOFROLWKLTXH¤JHGX%URQ]H MobilierbSRWHULHVLOH[ ODPHVHWDUPDWXUHV P«WDO Description du monumentbWUªVG«JUDG«GHX[GDOOHVGHODFKDPEUHVXEVLVWHQW Situationb¢SUR[LPLW«LPP«GLDWHGHSOXVLHXUVKDPHDX[IRQWEX[LHQV Bibliographieb&HQWUHGHUHFKDUFKGHV&K¬QHVYHUWVb9DOORQb b 5.2.4.8. Commune : Viols‑le‑Fort 89 Gisement : dolmen des Avinens Prospectionsb9DOORQ$UQDO Chronologieb1«ROLWKLTXHILQDO MobilierbQ«DQWGɛDSUªV-$UQDO Description du monumentbGROPHQ¢FRXORLUGDOOHGHFKHYHWHQSODFHbXQPRQWDQWEULV« HVW  HIIRQGU«b  SRUWH  mbGH  IRXUb}    SDV  GɛDQWLFKDPEUH  FRXORLU  G«FHQWU«  HQ  GDOOHV  HW PXUHWbWXPXOXVFLUFXODLUHSDUHPHQW« 74 SituationbVXUOHEDVGɛXQHSHQWH¢SUR[LPLW«GɛXQYLOODJHFKDOFROLWKLTXH Bibliographieb$UQDObɖb0LOOVbɖb9DOORQb 90 Gisement : dolmen de la Draille Chronologieb&KDOFROLWKLTXH1«ROLWKLTXHILQDO Fouillesb9DOORQ &HQWUHGHUHFKDUFKGHV&K¬QHVYHUWV  Mobilierb SDUXUH YDVHV LQKXPDWLRQV  IRXLOOHV 9DOORQ  GDQV XQH SHWLWH IRVVH GDQV OH FRXORLUYDVHIRQWEX[LHQHQSODFH IRXLOOHV-DOORW  Description du monumentb  UHVWDXU«  HQb  GROPHQ  FRXYHUWb  OD  GDOOH  GH  FRXYHUWXUH VɛDSSXLHVXUXQPXUGHSLHUUHVªFKHPDODSSDUHLOO«FRQVWLWXDQWOHS«ULPªWUHGɛXQH FKDPEUH  RYDODLUH  SURORQJ«H  SDU  XQH  DQWLFKDPEUH  TXDGUDQJXODLUHb  XQ  ORQJ  FRXORLU UHFRXS«SDUXQHGUDLOOHHVWFRQVWLWX«GHSOXVLHXUVJUDQGHVGDOOHVGUHVV«HVbWXPXOXV¢ SDUHPHQW Situationb  SUªV  GɛXQ  HQVHPEOH  GH  YHVWLJHV  SU«KLVWRULTXHV  GRQW  SOXVLHXUV  JURXSHV  GH FDEDQHVFKDOFROLWKLTXHVb¢PLSHQWHGɛXQHFROOLQH Bibliographieb%DUJHbb 91 Gisement : dolmen 1 des Matelettes Fouillesb$UQDO Chronologieb&KDOFROLWKLTXHU«XWLOLV«¢Oɛ¤JHGX)HU MobilierbLQFRQQX Description du monumentbSHWLWGROPHQVDQVFRXORLUYLVLEOHFKDPEUHHQGDOOHVHWPXUHWV SHWLWWXPXOXVFLUFXODLUHYLG«HWU«XWLOLV«¢Oɛ¤JHGX)HU SituationbDXEDVGɛXQHFROOLQH¢SUR[LPLW«GɛXQJURXSHGHFDEDQHVFKDOFROLWKLTXHV Bibliographieb$UQDObɖb9DOORQb 92 Gisement : dolmen de Maupas Fouillesb9DOORQ &HQWUHGHUHFKDUFKGHV&K¬QHVYHUWV  Chronologieb1«ROLWKLTXHILQDO&KDOFROLWKLTXH MobilierbSDUXUH Description du monumentbSHWLWGROPHQ¢FRXORLUHWDQWLFKDPEUHbODGDOOHGHFKHYHWHWOD GDOOHGHFRXYHUWXUHVRQWG«SODF«HVbXQHmbSRUWHGHIRXUb}OLPLWHXQHDQWLFKDPEUHHQ GDOOHVbOHFRXORLUHVWFRQVWLWX«SDUXQHGLDFODVHGXVXEVWUDWXPbWXPXOXVG«JUDG« SituationbVRXVXQYLOODJHFKDOFROLWKLTXH Bibliographieb%DUJHbb 93 Gisement : coffre du Perfach Prospectionsb-DOORW Chronologieb&KDOFROLWKLTXHb" MobilierbDQFLHQQHPHQWIRXLOO« Description du monumentbSHWLWHWRPEHSRVV«GDQWXQFRXORLUHWXQHFKDPEUHSRO\JRQDOH HQGDOOHVDYHFUHVWHVGHFRXYHUWXUHUXLQ«HSDUGHVFODQGHVWLQV SituationbVXUOHEDVGɛXQHFROOLQHR»VHWURXYHXQYLOODJHFKDOFROLWKLTXH BibliographiebLQ«GLW 94 Gisement : dolmen 1 de Peyres‑Canes Fouillesb9DOORQ &HQWUHGHUHFKDUFKGHV&K¬QHVYHUWV  Chronologieb&KDOFROLWKLTXHU«XWLOLV«¢Oɛ¤JHGXIHU MobilierbSRWHULHSDUXUH Description du monumentbFKDPEUHHQGDOOHVHWFRXORLUPL[WH GDOOHVHWPXUV  Bibliographieb&HQWUHGHUHFKDUFKGHV&K¬QHVYHUWVbb9DOORQb 75 95 Gisement : dolmen 2 de Peyres‑Canes Fouillesb9DOORQ &HQWUHGHUHFKDUFKGHV&K¬QHVYHUWV  Chronologieb&KDOFROLWKLTXHU«XWLOLV«¢Oɛ¤JHGX)HU MobilierbSRWHULHSDUXUH Description du monumentbSHWLWHFKDPEUHHQGDOOHVHWFRXORLUHQGDOOHVWHUPLQ«SDUXQH PXUHWWHPRQXPHQWG«WUXLW Bibliographieb&HQWUHGHUHFKDUFKGHV&K¬QHVYHUWVbb9DOORQb 96 Gisement : dolmen du devois de Rambion (dolmen 2 de Viols‑le‑Fort). Fouillesb$UQDO-DOORW Chronologieb&KDOFROLWKLTXH1«ROLWKLTXHILQDO%URQ]HDQFLHQSUHPLHU¤JHGX)HU MobilierbWRPEHGX%URQ]HDQFLHQGDQVOHFRXORLU «SLQJOHJOREXODLUH¢W¬WHSHUIRU«H SDUXUHVHQWHVW UHFRXYUDQWXQHV«SXOWXUHSOXVDQFLHQQHbGDQVODFKDPEUHODPEHDX[ GɛLQKXPDWLRQV  DYHF  QRPEUHX[  W\SHV  GH  SDUXUHV  URFKH  YHUWH  VW«DWLWH  SORPE  RV FDOFLWH HWQRPEUHXVHVDUPDWXUHVHWRXWLOVGHVLOH[ IRXLOOHV/-DOORWSXEOLFDWLRQHQ SU«SDUDWLRQ bGDQVODFKDPEUHXQHLQKXPDWLRQGHOɛ¤JHGX)HUD«W«G«FRXYHUWHSDU- $UQDO Description du monumentbGROPHQ¢FKDPEUHHQGDOOHVTXDGUDQJXODLUHmbSRUWHGHIRXUb} FRXORLU¢PXUHWVWXPXOXVSDUHPHQW«bSU«VHQFHGɛXQHVWªOHDQLFRQLTXHGDQVOHFRXORLU Situationb¢HQYLURQbbPDXVXGGɛXQYLOODJHFKDOFROLWKLTXHDXEDVGɛXQHFROOLQH Bibliographieb$UQDObb0LOOVbɖb9DOORQb 97 Gisement : dolmen 1 de Soulas (ou des carrières). Fouillesb&HQWUHGHUHFKDUFKGHV&K¬QHVYHUWV Chronologieb&KDOFROLWKLTXH%URQ]HPR\HQHWU«FHQW MobilierbDERQGDQW VLOH[P«WDOF«UDPLTXH  Description du monumentb GROPHQ GH JUDQGH WDLOOH JUDQGH GDOOH GH FKHYHW FKDPEUH TXDGUDQJXODLUHHQPXUVDQWLFKDPEUHYHVWLJLDOHERUG«H¢VDMRQFWLRQDYHFOHFRXORLUSDU GHX[SLOLHUVbJUDQGWXPXOXVWUªVG«JUDG« SituationbVXUXQO«JHUUHOLHI¢SUR[LPLW«LPP«GLDWHGɛXQYLOODJHFKDOFROLWKLTXH Bibliographieb$UQDObb7HLVVLHUbb9DOORQb b 5.2.5. Tombes ovales 5.2.5.1. Commune : Argelliers 98 Gisement : Boussargues Fouillesb9DOORQ &HQWUHGHUHFKDUFKGHV&K¬QHVYHUWV  Chronologieb&KDOFROLWKLTXHb" Description du monumentbSHWLWHWRPEHHQIRUPHGHIHU¢FKHYDO SituationbLVRO«HVXUXQSODWHDXSRUWDQWXQYLOODJHFKDOFROLWKLTXHWRXUQ«HDXQRUGɖRXHVW Bibliographieb$UQDO*LOOHVb 99 Gisement : la Matte Prospectionsb0LOOV Chronologieb%URQ]Hb" MobilierbLQFRQQX Description du monumentbSHWLWHWRPEHRYDOHHQSDUWLHUXLQ«H SituationbVXUXQHKDXWHXUGRPLQDQWODG«SUHVVLRQGH&DQWDJULOV BibliographiebLQ«GLW 76 100 Gisement : la Plaine Prospectionsb-DOORW Chronologieb&KDOFROLWKLTXHb" Description du monumentbSHWLWHWRPEHRYDOH SituationbLVRO«HVXUOHIODQFQRUGGɛXQHFROOLQH BibliographiebLQ«GLW 101 Gisement : Truc de Combepleine Fouillesb9DOORQ &HQWUHGHUHFKDUFKGHV&K¬QHVYHUWV  Chronologieb%URQ]HPR\HQILQDOHW¤JHGX)HU MobilierbYDVHVVFDOSWRULXPLQKXPDWLRQV Description du monumentbGHIRUPHRYDOHPXUVHQSLHUUHVªFKHXQHJUDQGHGDOOHDX IRQGXQHGDOOHPDUTXDQWOɛHQWU«H SituationbHQERUGXUHLPP«GLDWHGHODG«SUHVVLRQGHV0DWHOHWWHV Bibliographieb&HQWUHGHUHFKDUFKGHV&K¬QHVYHUWVb9DOORQb b 5.2.5.2. Commune : Cazevieille 102 Gisement : cote 269 Prospectionsb-DOORW Chronologieb&KDOFROLWKLTXHb" MobilierbQ«DQWIRXLOO«SDUGHVLQFRQQXV Description du monumentbSHWLWHVWUXFWXUHDFFªVHWSRXUWRXUHQFRUHYLVLEOHV SituationbVXUXQHUXSWXUHGHSHQWHHQEDVGɛXQSRLQWFXOPLQDQW BibliographiebLQ«GLW 103 Gisement : Seuilles 1 Prospectionsb-DOORW Chronologieb&KDOFROLWKLTXHb" Description du monumentbWRPEHRYDOHHQIRUPHGHIHU¢FKHYDO SituationbDXVRPPHWGɛXQHFROOLQHGRPLQDQW¢OɛRXHVWODFXYHWWHGH6HXLOOHVbYLOODJH FKDOFROLWKLTXH¢SUR[LPLW« BibliographiebLQ«GLW b 5.2.5.3. 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Description générale 1 /HVLWHGH%RXVVDUJXHVVHSU«VHQWHDFWXHOOHPHQWVRXVODIRUPHGɛXQHHQFHLQWHHQSLHUUH VªFKHGHVVLQDQWXQKH[DJRQHLUU«JXOLHUGHbbVXUbbP fig. 17 8QHVHXOHSRUWHODUJH GHbbP  VɛRXYUH  GDQV  OɛHQFHLQWH  DX  QRUGɖRXHVW  /H  WUDLW  OH  SOXV  PDUTXDQW  HVW  OD SU«VHQFH  ¢  FKDTXH  DQJOH  GH  FHW  KH[DJRQH  GɛXQH  FRQVWUXFWLRQ  FLUFXODLUH  /HV  VL[ FRQVWUXFWLRQVFLUFXODLUHVRQW«W«QXP«URW«HVGHbb¢bVHORQOɛRUGUHGHOHXUG«FRXYHUWH (OOHV  SRVVªGHQW  WRXWHV  XQH  RXYHUWXUH  XQLTXH  YHUV  OɛLQW«ULHXU  GH  OɛHVSDFH  FORV  /H G«JDJHPHQWGXFDLOORXWLVVXSHUILFLHODIDLWDSSDUD°WUHGɛDXWUHVVWUXFWXUHV¢OɛLQW«ULHXUGH FHWHVSDFHHWXQHVHXOH¢OɛH[W«ULHXU&HVVWUXFWXUHVVRQWGHVFDEDQHV¢VLPSOHRXGRXEOH DEVLGHFDUDFW«ULVWLTXHVGHOɛDUFKLWHFWXUHIRQWEX[LHQQH 86 ● Fig. 17 – Plan du site relevé au théodolite avec implantation du carroyage relevé et dessin J. 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Caractères spécifiques des diverses structures et techniques de construction 6 'HX[SULQFLSHVGHEDVHTXLVHPEOHQWDYRLUU«JLWRXWHVOHV«WDSHVGHODFRQVWUXFWLRQ SHXYHQW¬WUHG«JDJ«V/ɛ«SDLVVHXUGHVPXUVHVWTXDVLFRQVWDQWHbHOOHHVWGɛHQYLURQbbP /HVFDVR»FHWWH«SDLVVHXUQɛHVWSDVUHVSHFW«HVRQWUDUHV'HSDUWHWGɛDXWUHGHODSRUWH GɛDFFªVVXUXQHORQJXHXUGHbbP¢bbPGHFKDTXHF¶W«OHPXUGHFHLQWXUHHVW«SDLVVL HQYLURQbbP   3UªV  GH  OD  VWUXFWXUH    OH  PXU  GH  FHLQWXUH  SRXUWDQW  SOXV  ODUJH  ¢ TXHOTXHVPªWUHVDXQRUGVɛDPLQFLWVHQVLEOHPHQW bPGɛ«SDLVVHXUFRQWUHODSRUWHGH ODVWUXFWXUHb /DFDXVHGHFHWDPLQFLVVHPHQWHVWFRQQXHHWD«W«G«FULWHFLɖGHVVXV 7 /HGHX[LªPHSULQFLSHU«VLGHGDQVODWHFKQLTXHGHFRQVWUXFWLRQ,OVɛDJLWGDQVWRXVOHV FDVGHPXUV¢GRXEOHSDUHPHQWDYHFIRXUUXUHLQWHUQHGHEORFDLOOHHWFDLOORXWLV fig. 18  &HWWH  WHFKQLTXH  HVW  LGHQWLTXH  GDQV  WRXWHV  OHV  FRQVWUXFWLRQV  IRQWEX[LHQQHV  GH OɛDUULªUHɖSD\VPRQWSHOOL«UDLQ6HXOVOHVPRGXOHVGHVSLHUUHVGHSDUHPHQWFKDQJHQWLFL VHORQOHVVWUXFWXUHVFRQVLG«U«HV0XUGHFHLQWXUHHWFDEDQHVVRQWFRQVWUXLWVDYHFGHV PDW«ULDX[  LGHQWLTXHV  &H  VRQW  GHV  PRHOORQV  SRO\«GULTXHV  RX  SDUDOO«O«SLS«GLTXHV  RX HQFRUHFXELTXHVGɛRULJLQHVWULFWHPHQWORFDOH 88 ● Fig. 18 – Relevé en plan d’un tronçon du mur de ceinture, montrant la technique de construction employée sur tout le site dessin Coularou 8 /HVVWUXFWXUHVURQGHVRQW«W««GLIL«HVDYHFGHVPRHOORQVPRLQV«SDLVVDXI¢ODEDVH PDLV  VXUWRXW  DYHF  GHV  ODX]HV  HW  GHV  JUDQGHV  GDOOHV  TXL  FRQVWLWXHQW  OD  PDMRULW«  GHV «O«PHQWV«ERXO«V¢OɛLQW«ULHXUFRPPH¢OɛH[W«ULHXU b 1.2.1. 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La porte 13 /DSRUWHGRQQDQWDFFªV¢OɛHVSDFHFORVVɛRXYUHDXQRUGɖHVWHQWUHOHVVWUXFWXUHVbbHWb &ɛHVWGHFHF¶W«TXHOɛDFFªVDXVLWHHVWOHSOXVDLV«ODWRSRJUDSKLH«WDQWTXDVLPHQWSODQH VXUHQYLURQbbNPGDQVFHWWHGLUHFWLRQ&HWWHSRUWHD«W«YRORQWDLUHPHQWPLVHHQYDOHXU SDUODSU«VHQFHGHEORFVYROXPLQHX[GLVSRV«VGHID©RQLQKDELWXHOOHVLOɛRQVHU«IªUHDX UHVWHGHOɛHQFHLQWH(OOHHVWHQFDGU«HSDUXQHGDOOHHQFDUUHDXDXVXGɖHVWHWXQEORF FXELTXHDXQRUGɖRXHVW'XF¶W«LQW«ULHXUOHVDQJOHVVRQWFRQVWLWX«VGHJURVEORFVGRQW 90 OɛXQDXVXGɖHVWHVWSODF«HQFDUUHDXGDQVOɛD[HGXSDVVDJH fig. 20 /DSU«VHQFH¢bbP YHUVOHQRUGɖRXHVWGɛXQHGDOOHHWGɛXQEORFSODF«VGHFKDQWSHUSHQGLFXODLUHPHQW¢OɛD[H GXPXUGHFHLQWXUHODLVVHUDLWHQWHQGUHTXHFHWWHSRUWHDYDLW¢OɛRULJLQHXQHODUJHXUGH bPU«GXLWHHQVXLWH¢bbPRXHQFRUHTXɛXQHVRUWHGHSODWHɖIRUPHMRX[WDQWODSRUWH DYDLW«W«E¤WLH¢FHWHQGURLW ● Fig. 20 – Plan de la porte d’accès à l’habitat. 14 /ɛDXWUHWUDLWRULJLQDOGHODFRQVWUXFWLRQHVWOɛ«SDLVVLVVHPHQWGXPXUGHSDUWHWGɛDXWUH GX  SDVVDJH  /ɛ«SDLVVHXU  DWWHLQWbbP  GH  FKDTXH  F¶W«  GH  OD  SRUWH  &HWWH  «SDLVVHXU GLPLQXHSURJUHVVLYHPHQWHQGLUHFWLRQGHODVWUXFWXUHbbSRXUDWWHLQGUHWUªVYLWHVRQ PRGXOH  PR\HQ  TXL  HVW  GHbbP  (Q  GLUHFWLRQ  GH  OD  VWUXFWXUHb  QRXV  DYRQV  G«M¢ PHQWLRQQ«  OH  U«WU«FLVVHPHQW  VSHFWDFXODLUH  GX  PXU  GH  FHLQWXUH  GRQW  Oɛ«SDLVVHXU  VH U«GXLW¢bbPFRQWUHFHWWHGHUQLªUH/HVE¤WLVVHXUVRQWG½FKRLVLUHQWUHGHX[VROXWLRQVb RXELHQPDLQWHQLUOɛ«SDLVVHXUPR\HQQHGXPXUGHFHLQWXUHHWGDQVFHFDVERXFKHU OɛDFFªV¢OɛLQW«ULHXUGHODVWUXFWXUHbbɖb¢PRLQVGHG«PRQWHUFHWWHVWUXFWXUHSRXUSODFHU VRQRXYHUWXUHGɛDFFªVGLII«UHPPHQWbɘbRXELHQU«GXLUHFHWWH«SDLVVHXUFHTXLSHUPHWWDLW GH  QH  SDV  PRGLILHU  OD  GLVSRVLWLRQ  GH  OD  FRQVWUXFWLRQ  URQGH  &ɛHVW  FHWWH  GHX[LªPH VROXWLRQTXLD«W«FKRLVLHFHTXLPRQWUHTXHOHUHQIRUFHPHQWGXPXUGHFHLQWXUH¢ KDXWHXUGHODSRUWHDYDLWXQU¶OHSXUHPHQWV\PEROLTXH(QHIIHW¢bbPGHO¢OHP¬PH PXUHVWSDUWLFXOLªUHPHQWPLQFH b 1.2.3. Les structures rondes 15 /HV VWUXFWXUHV URQGHV FRQVWLWXHQW VDQV GRXWH OHV «GLILFHV OHV SOXV RULJLQDX[ GX VLWH &RQVWUXLWHV  VHORQ  XQH  WHFKQLTXH  XQLTXH  HOOHV  SU«VHQWHQW  WRXWHV  GHV  GLPHQVLRQV QRUPDOLV«HV/HGLDPªWUHKRUVɖüXYUHHVWGHbbPOɛ«SDLVVHXUGHVPXUVGHbbPHWOD VXUIDFHXWLOHGHbb¢bbPb fig. 21b /HVSDUWLHVHQFRUHHQ«O«YDWLRQPRQWUHQWTXHOD WHFKQLTXH  GH  FRQVWUXFWLRQ  HVW  OD  P¬PH  TXH  SRXU  OHV  DXWUHV  VWUXFWXUHV  7RXWHV  OHV SLHUUHVGHSDUHPHQWVRQWGLVSRV«HVHQSDQQHUHVVH/DIRXUUXUHLQWHUQHHVWFRPSRV«HGH FDLOORX[ DQJXOHX[ &ɛHVW HQ U«DOLW« GDQV OH FKRL[ GHV PDW«ULDX[ HW GDQV OH PRGH GH FRXYHUWXUHTXHFHVFRQVWUXFWLRQVVRQWRULJLQDOHV1RXV\UHYLHQGURQV 91 ● Fig. 21 – Tableau des mensurations des structures rondes. 16 /HV  SDUHPHQWV  H[W«ULHXUV  FRPSRUWHQW  DX  QLYHDX  GHV  DVVLVHV  GH  EDVH  TXHOTXHV  EORFV G«SDVVDQWbbPGHORQJHWbbPGɛ«SDLVVHXU/HVSOXVYROXPLQHX[VHWURXYHQWGDQVOD VWUXFWXUHbb EORF  GHbbP  GH  ORQJ  HW  GDQV  OD  VWUXFWXUHbb EORF  GHbbP   &HV  EORFV QɛDSSDUDLVVHQWTXɛ¢ODEDVHGHVVWUXFWXUHVb¢SDUWLUGɛXQHKDXWHXUPR\HQQHGHbP OHVPDW«ULDX[XWLOLV«VVRQWFRQVWLWX«V¢bbGHODX]HVHWGHJUDQGHVGDOOHV/HVPXUV VRQWFRQVHUY«VVXUXQHKDXWHXUGHbbPGDQVOHVVWUXFWXUHVbbHWb'DQVODVWUXFWXUHb GHVSU«OªYHPHQWVPRGHUQHVRQWIDLWGLVSDUD°WUHSOXVLHXUVDVVLVHVVXUXQHSDUWLHGHV SDUHPHQWV/HYROXPHbLQLWLDOGHGDOOHVHWODX]HVPLVHVHQüXYUHHVWGLIILFLOH¢«YDOXHU /DPDVVHUHVWDQWHQHUHSU«VHQWHTXɛXQHSDUWLHVHXOHPHQWGHFHVPDW«ULDX[OHUHVWH D\DQWGLVSDUXVRXVOHVHIIHWVFRQMXJX«VGHODGLVVROXWLRQHWGHODJ«OLIUDFWLRQ FI,,, i  17 /DFRPSDUDLVRQHQWUHOHVGLII«UHQWHVVWUXFWXUHVDXQLYHDXGXFKRL[GHVPDW«ULDX[IDLW UHVVRUWLUOHFDUDFWªUHVS«FLILTXHGHVVWUXFWXUHVURQGHV/DIRXLOOHDXMRXUGɛKXLDFKHY«H GHVbbVWUXFWXUHVURQGHVGH%RXVVDUJXHVDPRQWU«TXHOHFRPEOHPHQWGHGDOOHVHWODX]HV «WDLWV\VW«PDWLTXH$OɛH[W«ULHXUGHVPXUVOHVP¬PHVPDW«ULDX[«ERXO«VIRUPHQWXQH FRXURQQHS«ULSK«ULTXHTXLYDHQGLPLQXDQWGɛ«SDLVVHXUDXIXUHW¢PHVXUHTXHOɛRQ Vɛ«ORLJQHGHVFRQVWUXFWLRQV$OɛH[FHSWLRQGHODVWUXFWXUHbWRXWHVOHVDXWUHVVWUXFWXUHV VRQWFRPEO«HVSDUXQDPDVGHIRUPHFRQLTXH«SDLVGHbb¢bbPHQVRQFHQWUH/ɛDPDV IRUPHXQHVRUWHGHG¶PHOHVGDOOHVD\DQWGHVSHQGDJHVSOXVRXPRLQVIRUWVYHUVOD S«ULSK«ULH6XUOHVERUGVFRQWUHOHSDUHPHQWLQW«ULHXURQWURXYHVRXYHQWGHVGDOOHV¢ SHQGDJHVXEYHUWLFDO'DQVODVWUXFWXUHbOHVGDOOHV«ERXO«HVRQWSRXUODSOXSDUWXQ SHQGDJHYHUVOɛRXHVW/HFKRL[GHVPDW«ULDX[HWODPRUSKRORJLHGHV«ERXOLVQRXVRQW DPHQ«V¢FRQFOXUHTXɛLOVɛDJLVVDLWGHFRQVWUXFWLRQV¢FRXYHUWXUHHQFRUEHOO«HGXW\SH GHVDEULVHQSLHUUHVªFKHGHVG«IULFKHXUVGɛ«SRTXHPRGHUQHFDSLWHOOHVRXFD]HOOHVGX EDV/DQJXHGRFERULHVSURYHQ©DOHVJDULRWWHVGX4XHUF\ %DOEXUHHWDOLLbɖ  92 18 /HV  VWUXFWXUHVb    bHWbbSRVVªGHQW  XQH  SRUWH  ¢  OɛLQW«ULHXU  GH  OɛHQFHLQWH  &HV RXYHUWXUHV  VRQW  RULHQW«HV  YHUV  OH  FHQWUH  GX  VLWH  6HXOH  OD  VWUXFWXUHbbSRVVªGH  XQH RXYHUWXUHIDFHDXQRUGɖRXHVWGDQVOHP¬PHD[HTXHOHWURQ©RQGHPXUGHFHLQWXUHTXL UHOLHFHWWHVWUXFWXUH¢ODSRUWHGɛDFFªVGHOɛHQFHLQWH&HWWHRXYHUWXUHD«W«SODF«HGH WHOOH  ID©RQ  TXɛRQ  SRXYDLW  YRLU  GHSXLV  OɛLQW«ULHXU  GH  OD  VWUXFWXUH  FH  TXL  VH  SDVVDLW  ¢ OɛHQWU«HGXYLOODJH 19 3RXUDFF«GHUDX[VWUXFWXUHVbbHWbLOIDOODLWREOLJDWRLUHPHQWSDVVHUSDUXQHFDEDQH 1RXVQHVDYRQVSDVHQFRUHVɛLOHQ«WDLWGHP¬PHSRXUOHVVWUXFWXUHVbbHWbbVHXOHOD SRXUVXLWHGHVIRXLOOHVQRXVOɛLQGLTXHUD b 1.2.4. Les cabanes 20 'HX[FDEDQHVFRQVWUXLWHV¢OɛLQW«ULHXUGHOɛHVSDFHFORVVRQWDXMRXUGɛKXLELHQG«JDJ«HV /D  FDEDQHbbD  «W«  HQWLªUHPHQW  IRXLOO«H  HW  UHVWDXU«H  /D  IRXLOOH  GH  OD  FDEDQHb  VHUD WHUPLQ«HHQb/HVFDEDQHVbbHWbbQHVRQWTXHWUªVSDUWLHOOHPHQWYLVLEOHVHWVHXOHV TXHOTXHV  SRUWLRQV  GH  PXUV  ¢  GRXEOH  SDUHPHQW  RQW  «W«  UHFRQQXHV  /D  FDEDQHb  ¢ OɛH[W«ULHXUGHOɛHQFHLQWHSU«VHQWHXQSODQFODVVLTXHELɖDEVLGLDOELHQYLVLEOHJU¤FHDX[ PRHOORQV  GH  SDUHPHQW  HW  ¢  GH  JUDQGV  EORFV  GLVSRV«V  HQ  FDUUHDX  GDQV  OH  SDUHPHQW H[W«ULHXU/HVPDW«ULDX[XWLOLV«VVRQWGHVPRHOORQVGɛRULJLQHORFDOHbTXHOTXHVEORFVHW GDOOHVRQW«W«XWLOLV«VGHWHPSV¢DXWUH'DQVODFDEDQHbRQUHPDUTXHXQHVHXOHGDOOH SODF«HHQFDUUHDXGDQVOHSDUHPHQWLQW«ULHXU/HVPRHOORQVHWEORFVVRQWSODF«VHQ SDQQHUHVVH 21 /DGLVSRVLWLRQGHVFDEDQHVGDQVOɛHVSDFHFORVHVWYDUL«H/DFDEDQHbbHWVRQDQQH[HOH ORFXVb  RQW  XQH  ID©DGH  WRXUQ«H  YHUV  OɛHVSDFH  P«GLDQ  GH  OɛDLUH  FLUFRQVFULWH  SDU OɛHQFHLQWH  &KDFXQH  GH  FHV  GHX[  FHOOXOHV  SRVVªGH  XQH  SRUWH  HQ  ID©DGH  'ɛDSUªV OɛRULHQWDWLRQ  GHV  PXUV  DFWXHOOHPHQW  YLVLEOHV  LO  VHPEOH  TXH  OHV  FDEDQHVbbHWbbVRLHQW GLVSRV«HVVHORQOHP¬PHSULQFLSHHQYLVɖ¢ɖYLV/DFDEDQHbbDXQHRULHQWDWLRQGLII«UHQWH SXLVTXɛHOOHHVWSDUDOOªOHDXPXUGHFHLQWXUHHQWUHOHVVWUXFWXUHVbbHWbbHWTXɛHOOHXWLOLVH FHPXUFRPPHORQJɖSDQDXQRUG'HFHIDLWLOQɛ\DSDVGHSRUWHRXYHUWHGDQVOHV DEVLGHVHOOHVQɛDXUDLHQWDXFXQHXWLOLW«3DUFRQWUHOHVGHX[SRUWHVDP«QDJ«HVGDQVOH ORQJɖSDQVXGSHUPHWWHQWOɛDFFªV¢SDUWLUGHOɛHVSDFHFHQWUDOGXVLWH&HWHVSDFHFHQWUDO DSSDUD°WFRPPHYLGHGHWRXWHFRQVWUXFWLRQHWVLOɛRQREVHUYHHQG«WDLOODGLVSRVLWLRQ GɛHQVHPEOHGHVGLYHUVHVVWUXFWXUHVHWGHOHXUVSRUWHVGɛHQWU«HRQFRPSUHQGTXɛLODLW «W«U«VHUY«SRXUSHUPHWWUHODGHVVHUWHGHWRXWHVOHVFDEDQHV b 1.2.5. Le locus 1 22 /ɛHVSDFH  H[LVWDQW  HQWUH  OH  PXU  GHɖFHLQWXUHbɘbWURQ©RQ  VXGɖRXHVWɖHW  OD  FDEDQHbbD  «W« IHUP«SDUXQPXUGHID©DGHFRQVWUXLWHQP¬PHWHPSVTXHODFDEDQHSXLVTXHOHVGHX[ ID©DGHV  VRQW  WRWDOHPHQW  LPEULTX«HV  GDQV  OHXU  FRQVWUXFWLRQ  HW  QRQ  SDV  VLPSOHPHQW DFFRO«HV&HWHVSDFHD«W«DSSHO«ORFXVb8QHSRUWHGDQVOHPXUPLWR\HQSHUPHWOH SDVVDJHGɛXQHVWUXFWXUH¢OɛDXWUHOɛDFFªVDXORFXVGHSXLVOɛHVSDFHFHQWUDO«WDQWUHQGX SRVVLEOHSDUXQHDXWUHSRUWHRXYHUWHDXPLOLHXGHODID©DGH$XIRQGGHFHORFXVFɛHVWOH PXU  DUURQGL  GH  OD  VWUXFWXUHbbGRXEO«  SDU  XQ  FRQWUHɖPXU  VXEUHFWLOLJQH  TXL  IHUPH OɛHVSDFH/DVXUIDFHXWLOHHVWGHbbP b 93 1.2.6. La grotte 23 /DJURWWHVɛRXYUHDXFHQWUHGHOɛHVSDFHFORV,OVɛDJLWSOXVSU«FLV«PHQWGɛXQDYHQHQ JUDQGH  SDUWLH  FROPDW«  SDU  GHV  G«S¶WV  DUJLOHX[  UHFRXYHUWV  GH  FDLOORXWLV  FDOFDLUH DQJXOHX[  fig. 22   /H  SXLWV  GɛDFFªV  SURIRQG  GHbbP  G«ERXFKH  VXU  XQH  SHWLWH  VDOOH GHbb¢bbP'HFHWWHVDOOHSDUWXQ«WURLWER\DXGHVFHQGDQWTXL«WDLWREVWUX«SDUGHV «ERXOLV1RXVDYRQVG«JDJ«FHSDVVDJHFHTXLQRXVDSHUPLVGɛDFF«GHU¢XQU«VHDXGH ER\DX[  HW  SHWLWHV  VDOOHV  EDVVHV  YLGHV  GH  WRXW  GRFXPHQW  DUFK«RORJLTXH  &HV  JDOHULHV «WDLHQWSUREDEOHPHQWIHUP«HVSDUOHV«ERXOLVHWG«S¶WVV«GLPHQWDLUHVDXPRPHQWGHOD IU«TXHQWDWLRQGXVLWH'DQVODSHWLWHVDOOHGɛHQWU«HTXHOTXHVWHVVRQVGHSRWHULHRQW«W« G«FRXYHUWVDXFRQWDFWGHOɛDUJLOHURXJHGXUHPSOLVVDJH'HVVRQGDJHVSHUPHWWURQWGH VDYRLUVLFHVGRFXPHQWVRQW«W«HQWUD°Q«VO¢SDUOHVUXLVVHOOHPHQWVR»VɛLOVLQGLTXHQW XQHXWLOLVDWLRQGHODJURWWHSDUOHV3U«KLVWRULTXHV(QHIIHWLOHVWSRVVLEOHTXHODFDYLW« DLW«W«PDVTX«HSDUOHVG«S¶WVQDWXUHOVDXPRPHQWGHOɛRFFXSDWLRQGXVLWHHWQHVHVRLW SDUWLHOOHPHQWYLG«HTXHSOXVWDUGSDUOHMHXGHVVRXWLUDJHVNDUVWLTXHV&HVHUDLWGRQFDX FRXUV  GɛXQH  SKDVH  Gɛ«URVLRQ  GX  VLWH  TXH  GHV  WHVVRQV  DXUDLHQW  «W«  HQWUD°Q«V  DYHF  OH FDLOORXWLVGDQVODFDYLW«0DLVFHWWHK\SRWKªVHUHVWH¢FRQILUPHU ● Fig. 22 – Plan et coupes de la grotte s’ouvrant au centre du site. b 1.2.7. Le choix des matériaux de construction 24 /RUVGXG«FDSDJHHIIHFWX«GHSDUWHWGɛDXWUHGXPXUGɛHQFHLQWHSXLVSHQGDQWODIRXLOOH GHV  VHFWHXUV  RXHVW  HW  QRUG  QRXV  DYRQV  FRQVWDW«  XQH  GLII«UHQFH  QRWDEOH  HQWUH  OHV PRGXOHVGHVSLHUUHVSURYHQDQWGɛXQHSDUWGHOɛHQFHLQWHHWGHVFDEDQHVGɛDXWUHSDUWGHV VWUXFWXUHVURQGHVHWGHOHXUVDERUGV,OQRXVDSDUXXWLOHGɛHVVD\HUGHFKLIIUHUFHWWH GLII«UHQFH3OXVLHXUVSLHUUHVRQWDLQVL«W«PHVXU«HVb 94 nombre de pierres mesurées : VWb VWb PXUHQWUHVWbHWVWb PXUHQWUHVWbHWVWb HQFHLQWHFRQWUHORFb 25 /HUDSSRUWGHOHXUORQJXHXUVXUOHXU«SDLVVHXUQRXVDGRQQ«XQHSURSRUWLRQHQIRQFWLRQ GH  ODTXHOOH  QRXV  DYRQV  FDOFXO«  OH  SRXUFHQWDJH  GH  SLHUUHV  SURYHQDQW  GH  FKDFXQ  GHV VHFWHXUVHQYLVDJ«V/HUDSSRUWGHOHXUORQJXHXUVXUOHXU«SDLVVHXUQRXVDGRQQ«XQH SURSRUWLRQ  HQ  IRQFWLRQ  GH  ODTXHOOH  QRXV  DYRQV  FDOFXO«  OH  SRXUFHQWDJH  GH  SLHUUHV SURYHQDQWGHFKDFXQGHVVHFWHXUVHQYLVDJ«V 26 8QJUDSKLTXHD«W««WDEOL fig. 23 ,OSHUPHWGHG«ILQLUGHX[W\SHVGHFRXUEHVbFHOOHV GHV  SRUWLRQV  GX  PXU  GɛHQFHLQWH  HW  FHOOHV  GHV  SRUWLRQV  GH  SDUHPHQWV  GHV  VWUXFWXUHV URQGHVbbHWb3RXUOHVSUHPLªUHVRQUHPDUTXHTXHGHVSLHUUHVGHSURSRUWLRQORQJXHXU «SDLVVHXUbbHWVXUWRXWbbRQW«W«FKRLVLHVWDQGLVTXHSRXUOHVVHFRQGHVFHVRQWSOXW¶W GHVSLHUUHVGHSURSRUWLRQbbHWVXS«ULHXUH¢bbTXLRQW«W«XWLOLV«HV ● Fig. 23 – Graphique de distribution des pierres de construction des différentes structures en fonction de leurs proportions (rapport longueur/épaisseur). 27 3UHPLHUHQVHPEOHbORFXVbPXUbɖPXUbɖ 28 b¢bbGHVSLHUUHVGHFKDFXQGHFHVWURLVVHFWHXUVRQWXQUDSSRUWORQJXHXU«SDLVVHXU GHb1RXVDYRQVGRQFPDMRULWDLUHPHQWDIIDLUH¢GHVSLHUUHVUHODWLYHPHQWPDVVLYHV,O QɛH[LVWHSDUFRQWUHTXɛXQIDLEOHSRXUFHQWDJHGHSLHUUHVGHSURSRUWLRQbɖbHQYLURQ HWGRQFWUªVSHXGHSLHUUHVSODWHV 29 /HV  SURSRUWLRQV  QɛH[FªGHQW  SDV  OH  FKLIIUHb  /HV  SURSRUWLRQVbɖɖbVRQW  LQ«JDOHPHQW UHSU«VHQW«HV  6L  OɛRQ  FRQVLGªUH  V«SDU«PHQW  FKDFXQ  GHV  VHFWHXUV  GH  FH  SUHPLHU HQVHPEOH  RQ  FRQVWDWH  GDQV  OH  ORFXV  XQH  TXDVLɖDEVHQFH  GH  SLHUUHV  SODWHV  b  GHV 95 SLHUUHVRQWXQHSURSRUWLRQGHb¢b DORUVTXHSRXUOHVPXUVbɖbHWbɖOHVSURSRUWLRQV PR\HQQHV QRWDPPHQWb VRQWGDYDQWDJHUHSU«VHQW«HV GHbb¢bb  30 6HFRQGHQVHPEOHbVWUXFWXUHbVWUXFWXUHb 31 /ɛ«FKHOOHGHVSURSRUWLRQVHVWSRXUFHWHQVHPEOHPLHX[UHSU«VHQW«H,OQɛH[LVWHSDVGH SURSRUWLRQ  GRPLQDQWH  /D  SURSRUWLRQb  OD  SOXV  IU«TXHQWH  SRXU  OD  VWUXFWXUHb  QH UHSU«VHQWHTXHbbGHVSLHUUHVPHVXU«HVbODSURSRUWLRQODSOXVIU«TXHQWHSRXUOD VWUXFWXUHbbQHUHSU«VHQWHTXHbGHVSLHUUHVPHVXU«HV$G«IDXWGɛXQHSURSRUWLRQ IRUWHPHQWPDMRULWDLUHOHQRPEUHGHVSURSRUWLRQVUHSU«VHQW«HVHVWSOXVLPSRUWDQWTXH GDQVOɛHQVHPEOHb/HVSURSRUWLRQVbɖɖDEVHQWHVGDQVOɛHQVHPEOHbUHSU«VHQWHQWSRXU FKDFXQGHVVHFWHXUVGHFHVHFRQGHQVHPEOHGHbb¢bbGHVSLHUUHVPHVXU«HV$LQVLOHV SLHUUHVDSSDUDLVVHQWGDQVOHVVWUXFWXUHVURQGHVPRLQVPDVVLYHVHWSOXVSODWHVTXHGDQV OHVFDEDQHVRXOɛHQFHLQWHFHTXLFRUUHVSRQGDX[REVHUYDWLRQVIDLWHVHQFRXUVGHIRXLOOH &HV  SLHUUHV  RQW  «W«  V«OHFWLRQQ«HV  HW  OɛRQ  SHXW  PHWWUH  HQ  UHODWLRQ  FH  FKRL[  DYHF  OD WHFKQLTXHXWLOLV«H FRXYHUWXUHHQHQFRUEHOOHPHQW  b 1.3. Le secteur ouest (ou ensemble 1) : les structures et leur contenu archéologique (fig. 24) 1.3.1. La structures 5 32 6LWX«HGDQVOɛDQJOHRXHVWGHOɛHQFHLQWHODVWUXFWXUHbbD«W«IRXLOO«HDXFRXUVGHGHX[ FDPSDJQHVHQbHWbb fig. 25 &RQVWUXLWH¢ODOLPLWHGXSODWHDXSUDWLTXHPHQW VXUODUXSWXUHGHSHQWHHWVXUXQVXEVWUDWODSLD]«HOOHQɛHVWSDVSDUIDLWHPHQWFLUFXODLUH /D  EDVH  GH  OD  FRQVWUXFWLRQ  HQFRUH  HQ  «O«YDWLRQ  VXUbbP  GH  KDXW  D  VXEL  GHV G«IRUPDWLRQVHWGHVIHQWHVGHG«FROOHPHQWVRQWYLVLEOHVGDQVOHSDUHPHQWLQW«ULHXU&HV «O«PHQWVDMRXW«V¢ODPRUSKRORJLHGXFRPEOHPHQWG«M¢G«FULWSOXVKDXWVXJJªUHQWXQ «ERXOHPHQWPDVVLI$OɛRULJLQHLO\DVDQVGRXWHXQDIIDLVVHPHQWGɛXQHSDUWLHGHVDVVLVHV GHEDVHIDYRULV«SDUOHVRXWLUDJHNDUVWLTXHODJUDYLW«D\DQWDORUVHQWUD°Q«ODFKXWHGHOD FRQVWUXFWLRQ/DGLVV\P«WULHQɛHVWSDVWRWDOHPHQWLPSXWDEOHDX[G«IRUPDWLRQVVXELHV,O VHPEOHELHQTXHORUVGHODFRQVWUXFWLRQODVWUXFWXUH«WDLWG«M¢GLVV\P«WULTXHFDULO DXUDLWIDOOXG«SRUWHUELHQGDYDQWDJHOHPXUYHUVOɛRXHVWSRXUREWHQLUXQFHUFOHSDUIDLW 96 ● Fig. 24 – Vue du secteur ouest depuis le N.‑O. ; au premier plan, la structure 5 cliché Colomer ● Fig. 25 – Plan de la structure 5 dessin Coularou 33 'XSRLQWGHYXHGXFKRL[GHVPDW«ULDX[LOQɛ\DSDVGHGLII«UHQFHHQWUHOHVSDUHPHQWV LQW«ULHXUHWH[W«ULHXUOHVSLHUUHVOHVFRQVWLWXDQW«WDQWHQPDMRULW«GHVGDOOHVGHb VXUbbP  GH  F¶W«  SRXU  XQH  «SDLVVHXU  GHbb¢bbP  /HV  TXHOTXHV  UDUHV  EORFV 97 HPSOR\«V¢ODEDVHVRQWEHDXFRXSPRLQVJURVTXHGDQVOHVVWUXFWXUHVbbHWb8QHGDOOH HQVDLOOLHVXUbbPVHWURXYDLWIL[«HGDQVOHSDUHPHQWLQW«ULHXUGXF¶W«QRUGbFHWWH GDOOHHVWSODF«HHQERXWLVVHVDLOODQWH /bbPbP«SbbP  fig. 26 ,OVɛDJLW SUREDEOHPHQWGɛXQH«WDJªUHSODF«H¢bbPDXɖGHVVXVGXVRO&HW\SHGɛDP«QDJHPHQW QɛD«W«UHWURXY«GDQVDXFXQHDXWUHVWUXFWXUHURQGH ● Fig. 26 – Pierre en saillie, « étagère », dans la structure 5 dessin Coularou 34 /H  G«JDJHPHQW  GX  FDLOORXWLV  VXSHUILFLHO  D  IDLW  DSSDUD°WUH  XQH  FRXURQQH  GH  GDOOHV YHUWLFDOHVFRQWUHOHSDUHPHQWLQW«ULHXU/HFHQWUH«WDLWFRPEO«SDUGHJUDQGHVGDOOHV¢ SHQGDJHDFFHQWX« b¢br bODGLUHFWLRQJ«Q«UDOHGHFHSHQGDJHHVWHVWɖRXHVW7RXWOH FRPEOHPHQWHVWFRQVWLWX«GHGDOOHVGRQWOɛ«SDLVVHXUYDULHGHbb¢bbP/HFDLOORXWLV GHJ«OLIUDFWLRQHWOHVV«GLPHQWVU«FHQWVQɛRQWSDVS«Q«WU«GDQVFHWWHPDVVHGHSLHUUH TXL  DYDLW  XQH  SXLVVDQFH  WRWDOH  GHbbP  $  OD  EDVH  GH  FH  FRPEOHPHQW  OD  FRXFKH DUFK«RORJLTXH «WDLW SHX «SDLVVH HW P¬PH LQH[LVWDQWH SDU HQGURLWV /H PRELOLHU SHX DERQGDQWHWFRQVWLWX«HVVHQWLHOOHPHQWGHF«UDPLTXHUHSRVDLWGDQVOHVG«SUHVVLRQVGX VXEVWUDWXP  &H  VXEVWUDWXP  HVW  XQ  ODSLD]  WUªV  IUDJPHQW«  /HV  W¬WHV  GH  ODSLD]  G«M¢ DUURQGLHVQDWXUHOOHPHQWSDUODGLVVROXWLRQVRXVXQDQFLHQVRO FIb0b$PEHUWb,bib RQW «W«PDUWHO«HVSRXUREWHQLUXQVROSOXVU«JXOLHU'DQVOHSDVVDJHGRQQDQWDFFªV¢OD VWUXFWXUH GHSXLV OD FDEDQHb FɛHVW WRXWH XQH SDUWLH GX ODSLD] TXL D «W« HQOHY«H SDU SHUFXVVLRQ$XFXQDXWUHDP«QDJHPHQWGXVROQɛD«W«FRQVWDW«HWLOQɛ\DDXFXQHWUDFH GHFRPEXVWLRQYRORQWDLUH IR\HU RXDFFLGHQWHOOH LQFHQGLH  35 /HG«JDJHPHQWGHV«ERXOLVH[W«ULHXUV¢OɛHQFHLQWHDSHUPLVGHUHOHYHUXQHFRXSH¢ OɛH[W«ULHXU  GH  OD  VWUXFWXUHb  2Q  \  REVHUYH  GHV  HPSLOHPHQWV  REOLTXHV  GH  GDOOHV  &HV GDOOHVRQW«W«EORTX«HVDSUªVOHXUFKXWHHQWUHOHSDUHPHQWH[W«ULHXUHWXQHW¬WHGH ODSLD]/HPRELOLHUSURYHQDQWGHFHWWHVWUXFWXUHVHUDG«FULWGDQVXQDXWUHFKDSLWUHHWVD U«SDUWLWLRQ  VSDWLDOH  IDLW  OɛREMHW  GɛXQ  G«YHORSSHPHQW  VS«FLILTXH  FIb,,,bib   1RXV GRQQHURQVLFLXQEUHILQYHQWDLUH 36 Céramiqueb  bYDVH  RUQ«  GH  SDVWLOOHVb  bFRXSHV  GRQW  XQH  EULV«H  VXU  SODFHb  bJUDQGV SDQQHDX[DSSDUWHQDQW¢XQHMDUUHbIUDJPHQWVGɛXQJUDQGYDVH¢FRUGRQOLVVH 37 LithiquebbJDOHWVGHULYLªUHHQVFKLVWHSRUWDQWGHVWUDFHVGHSHUFXVVLRQbbJDOHWGH TXDUW]ODLWHX[bbQXFO«XVSRO\«GULTXHHQVLOH[EODQFbTXHOTXHV«FODWVQDWXUHOVGHVLOH[ EU½O« 38 OssementsbbHVTXLOOHEU½O«H 39 DiversbbFKDUERQVGHERLVGRQWGHJURVIUDJPHQWV 98 40 /D  SRVLWLRQ  GHV  IUDJPHQWV  GX  YDVH  RUQ«  GH  SDVWLOOHV  DX  UHSRXVV«  DSSRUWH  XQH LQIRUPDWLRQ /HV SOXV JURV IUDJPHQWV GX YDVH VH WURXYDLHQW SULV HQWUH OHV GDOOHV GX FRPEOHPHQWVXUXQHKDXWHXUGHbbFPOHSOXVKDXW«WDQW¢bbFPDXɖGHVVXVGXVRO9HUV ODEDVHGXFRPEOHPHQWHWVXUOɛDUJLOHGXIRQGOHVIUDJPHQWV«WDLHQWSOXVSHWLWV2QSHXW GRQFUHFRQVWLWXHUOHV«WDSHVTXLRQWFRQGXLW¢FHW\SHGHG«S¶W/HSODQGHOLDLVRQGHV IUDJPHQWVMRLQWLIVPRQWUHTXHOHYDVHVHWURXYDLWGDQVOHFRXORLUGɛDFFªV/DSURMHFWLRQ PRQWUHTXɛLORFFXSDLWXQHSRVLWLRQKDXWH&RPPHLOHVWSHXSUREDEOHTXHOHYDVHDLW«W« VXVSHQGXGDQVFHSDVVDJH«WURLWRQSHQVHSOXW¶W¢OɛDP«QDJHPHQWGɛXQHQLFKHGDQVOD SDURL/RUVTXHOHPXUVɛHVW«ERXO«OHYDVHD«W«EULV«HWOHVSOXVSHWLWVIUDJPHQWVVRQW GHVFHQGXVSHX¢SHX¢WUDYHUVOHFRPEOHPHQWGHGDOOHV b 1.3.2. La cabane 1 (fig. 27 et 28) 41 /DFDEDQHbbUHS«U«HHQbIXWIRXLOO«HGHb¢b(OOHHVWSDUVHVGLPHQVLRQVOH SULQFLSDO«GLILFHGXVHFWHXURXHVW/DVXUIDFHXWLOHHVWGHbbPbFRQWUHbbPSRXUOH ORFXVbbHWbbPbSRXUODVWUXFWXUHb ● Fig. 27 – Vue générale du secteur ouest de l’habitat depuis le S.‑E., après restauration des murs cliché Colomer 99 ● Fig. 28 – Cabane 1 et locus 1: représentation des principaux reliefs du lapiaz avec indication des traces de régularisation par piquetage du rocher (1), des colorations dues à l’incendie et au foyer central sur le rocher (2) et sur les murs (3). b 1.3.2.1. Morphologie 42 /HVGLPHQVLRQVLQWHUQHVVRQWGHbbPGHORQJSRXUbbPGHODUJH/HVPXUVRQWXQH «SDLVVHXUGɛHQYLURQbP/DIRUPHJ«Q«UDOHHVWFHOOHGɛXQUHFWDQJOHDX[DQJOHVDUURQGLV ODSDUWLHDYDQWIRUPDQWXQHDEVLGHDYHFXQHSRUWHFHQWUDOH/HFKHYHWVɛDSSXLHFRQWUHOH PXU  GH  FHLQWXUH  SDU  OɛLQWHUP«GLDLUH  GɛXQ  FRQWUHɖPXU  HQ  SHWLWV  PRHOORQV  GH  VHFRQG FKRL[GLVSRV«VHQSDQQHUHVVH/ɛ«SDLVVHXUGHFHFRQWUHɖPXUHVWGHbbP'HUULªUHVRQ SDUHPHQWDXIRQGGHODFDEDQHVHWURXYHXQEORFDJHGHFDLOORX[OHWRXW«WDQWSODTX« FRQWUHOHSDUHPHQWLQW«ULHXUGXPXUGHFHLQWXUH%LHQTXHFHFRQWUHɖPXUDLWXQWUDF« O«JªUHPHQWFRXUEHLOQHIRUPHSDVXQYUDLFKHYHWHQDEVLGH$OɛRXHVWODVWUXFWXUHbbHVW HQ  VDLOOLH  GDQV  OD  FDEDQH  /D  FRPPXQLFDWLRQ  HQWUH  OHV  GHX[  VWUXFWXUHV  VH  IDLW  ¢  FHW HQGURLW8QHSRUWHD«W«DP«QDJ«HHQWUHODFDEDQHHWOHORFXVbGDQVOHXUPXUPLWR\HQ 43 /HVPXUVVRQWE¤WLVHQPRHOORQVPDLVTXHOTXHVEORFVRQW«W«LQV«U«VGDQVOHSDUHPHQW LQW«ULHXU&HVRQWGHVEORFVGHbbPGHKDXWHQYLURQSRXUbb¢bbPGHORQJ/H PXUQRUGɖHVWFRPSRUWHXQHGDOOHGLVSRV«HHQFDUUHDXGDQVOHSDUHPHQWLQW«ULHXUQRQ ORLQGXIRQGGHODFDEDQH'DQVOɛDQJOHQRUGXQEORFSDUDOO«O«SLS«GLTXHD«W«SODF«HQ ERXWLVVH  GDQV  OH  SDUHPHQW  GX  FRQWUHɖPXU  ,O  VHPEOH  G«OLPLWHU  XQ  HVSDFH  YLGH  GRQW OɛDXWUHSDURLVHUDLWFRQVWLWX«HSDUOHSDUHPHQWLQW«ULHXUGXPXUQRUGɖHVWGHODFDEDQH TXLVHSURORQJHMXVTXɛDXPXUGHFHLQWXUH3OXVLHXUVH[SOLFDWLRQVVRQWHQYLVDJHDEOHVb QLFKHFKHPLQ«H 44 /DKDXWHXUGHVPXUVFRQVHUY«HYDULHGHbb¢bP'DQVXQSUHPLHUWHPSVQRXV DYLRQVSHQV«TXHOHPXUGHID©DGHGXORFXV«WDLWSODTX«FRQWUHFHOXLGHODFDEDQHTXL DXUDLW«W«FRQVWUXLWHDQW«ULHXUHPHQW/HVWUDYDX[GHUHVWDXUDWLRQTXLRQWQ«FHVVLW«XQ 100 G«PRQWDJH  SDUWLHO  GHV  PXUV  RQW  IDLW  DSSDUD°WUH  XQH  FRQVWUXFWLRQ  XQLTXH  VDQV SDUHPHQWLQWHUQH&HWWHREVHUYDWLRQHVWLPSRUWDQWHFDUHOOHPRQWUHTXHGDQVOHSURMHW LQLWLDO GHV E¤WLVVHXUV LO «WDLW Q«FHVVDLUH GH MX[WDSRVHU GHX[ FHOOXOHV FRPPXQLTXDQW HQWUH  HOOHV  ,O  HVW  SUREDEOH  TXH  FHV  GHX[  FHOOXOHV  U«SRQGDLHQW  ¢  GHV  IRQFWLRQV FRPSO«PHQWDLUHV/ɛDQDO\VHGHODGLVWULEXWLRQGHVYHVWLJHVSHUPHWWUDGHWHVWHUFHWWH K\SRWKªVH b 1.3.2.2. Le remplissage (fig. 29) 45 /D  IRXLOOH  GH  OD  FDEDQHbbD  PRQWU«  TXH  OH  UHPSOLVVDJH  SU«VHQWDLW  GɛLPSRUWDQWHV YDULDWLRQVGɛ«SDLVVHXU&HVGLII«UHQFHVVRQWHVVHQWLHOOHPHQWGXHVDX[LUU«JXODULW«VGX VROURFKHX[ ● Fig. 29 – Coupe transversale N.‑S. du remplissage de la cabane 1 dessin Coularou 46 'DQVOHVGHX[WLHUVHVWGHODFDEDQHOHVXEVWUDWFDOFDLUHHVWFRQVWLWX«GHEDQFV«SDLV GHbbP  LQFOLQ«V  ¢  r  YHUV  OɛHVW  /ɛH[WUDFWLRQ  YRORQWDLUH  GH  GDOOHV  HW  EORFV  RX  OD GHVWUXFWLRQQDWXUHOOHGHVWUDWHVRQWFU««XQSURILOHQGHQWVGHVFLH/HGHUQLHUWLHUVHVW IRUP«  SDU  XQ  ODSLD]  DUURQGL  SDUFRXUX  GɛXQ  U«VHDX  GH  GLDFODVHV  RUWKRJRQDOHV  PDLV IRUPDQWXQVRO¢SHXSUªVKRUL]RQWDOTXLFRQWUDVWHDYHFOɛDVSHFWWRXUPHQW«GHOɛDXWUH SDUWLHGHODFDEDQH&HVROVHWURXYH¢bbPHQFRQWUHEDVGHOD]RQHSU«F«GHQWH(Q FRQV«TXHQFH  OD  ]RQH  G«SULP«H  SRVVªGH  XQ  FRPEOHPHQW  «SDLV  bP  DORUV  TXɛHQ FHUWDLQVSRLQWVGHODSDUWLHHVWOHFDLOORXWLVGHVXUIDFHUHSRVHGLUHFWHPHQWVXUOHURFKHU TXL  DIIOHXUDLW  SDU  HQGURLWV  DYDQW  OD  IRXLOOH  &HV  GLII«UHQFHV  VRQW  ¢  OɛRULJLQH  GH  OD YDULDELOLW«  Gɛ«SDLVVHXU  GX  FRPEOHPHQW  'DQV  OHV  SDUWLHV  OHV  SOXV  EDVVHV  OHV  DJHQWV GHVWUXFWHXUV  «URVLRQ  NDUVWLTXH  J«OLIUDFWLRQ  UDFLQHV  RQW  «SDUJQ«  OHV  FRXFKHV LQI«ULHXUHVGɛ«ERXOLV'DQVOHVSDUWLHVKDXWHVFHVP¬PHVDJHQWVHQQLYHODQWPXUVHW FRPEOHPHQWMXVTXɛ¢Oɛ«WDWGHVXUIDFHDFWXHORQWIDLWSUHVTXɛHQWLªUHPHQWGLVSDUD°WUHOD FRXFKHGɛ«ERXOLV'DQVOD]RQHRXHVWGHODFDEDQHGHQRPEUHXVHVGDOOHVSURYHQDQWGH Oɛ«ERXOHPHQWGHODVWUXFWXUHbbVRQWP¬O«HVDXFRPEOHPHQW'ªVTXHOɛRQVɛ«ORLJQHGH FHWWH]RQHFHVRQWOHVPRHOORQVLVVXVGHVPXUVGHODFDEDQHTXLVRQWOHVSOXVQRPEUHX[ /HVFDLOORX[DQJXOHX[SURYLHQQHQWGHOɛ«FODWHPHQWGHFHVP¬PHVPRHOORQV(QVXUIDFH FRPPHVXUOɛHQVHPEOHGXVLWHOHVPRHOORQVRQW«W«U«GXLWV¢Oɛ«WDWGHFDLOORXWLV 47 6RXVFHV«ERXOLVHWHQFRQWDFWGLUHFWDYHFHX[GHVSODTXHWWHVJU«VHXVHVVHU«SDUWLVVHQW OHORQJGXPXUQRUGɖHVWDLQVLTXHGDQVOɛDEVLGHDQW«ULHXUHF¶W«VXGOHWRXWVXUXQH ODUJHXU  GɛHQYLURQbbP  &HV  PDW«ULDX[  QRQ  ORFDX[  RQW  «W«  «WXGL«V  SDU  /  'DPDLV FIb,,,bib TXLDG«WHUPLQ«OHXUOLHXGɛH[WUDFWLRQSUREDEOH6DXIFDVSDUWLFXOLHUR»GHV WHVVRQV  MRLQWLIV  UHSRVDLHQW  VXU  TXHOTXHV  GDOOHV  GH  JUªV  OD  TXDVLɖWRWDOLW«  GH  FHV SODTXHWWHVUHFRXYUDLWOHVYHVWLJHVPRELOLHUVHWRQHVWDPHQ«¢OHVFRQVLG«UHUFRPPHGHV «O«PHQWVSURYHQDQWGHODWRLWXUH'DQVOɛDQJOHQRUGɖHVWGHODFDEDQHGHX[GDOOHVGH JUªVILQDYDLHQW«W«SRV«HV¢SODWVXUOHVROSXLVVHVRQWIUDFWXU«HVHQXQHFLQTXDQWDLQH 101 GH  IUDJPHQWV  VDQV  G«SODFHPHQWV  LPSRUWDQWV  1RXV  DYRQV  LQWHUSU«W«  FHV  SODTXHV FRPPHXQHVROHGHIR\HU&HUWDLQVIUDJPHQWVVRQWHQWLªUHPHQWEU½O«V 48 6RXVOHVFRXFKHVGHGHVWUXFWLRQGHVPXUVHWVRXVOHVSODTXHWWHVGHFRXYHUWXUHRQW«W« UHWURXY«VOHVYHVWLJHVPRELOLHUVUHSRVDQWGLUHFWHPHQWVXUOHVXEVWUDWXPURFKHX[RXVXU OɛDUJLOHURXJHTXLFROPDWHOHODSLD]8QHSDUWQRQQ«JOLJHDEOHGXPRELOLHU«WDLWQR\«H GDQVFHWWHDUJLOH'HQRPEUHX[FDLOORX[VRQWP¬O«V¢OɛDUJLOH2QSHXWFRQVLG«UHUTXɛLO Qɛ\DSDVGHG«S¶WV«GLPHQWDLUHFRQWHPSRUDLQGHOɛRFFXSDWLRQDFWXHOOHPHQWYLVLEOH3DU HQGURLWVGHVOHQWLOOHVGHWHUUHEUXQHKXPLTXHRXGHOLPRQVJULVSXOY«UXOHQWVU«VXOWHQW GɛLQILOWUDWLRQV  U«FHQWHV  RX  GH  OD  G«FRPSRVLWLRQ  GH  UDFLQHV  DFWXHOOHV  /HV  FUHX[ LPSRUWDQWV  V«SDUDQW  OHV  DU¬WHV  URFKHXVHV  VRQW  FRPEO«V  SDU  XQ  UHPSOLVVDJH  GɛDUJLOH URXJHFDLOORXWHXVH6LXQHSDUWLHGHFHUHPSOLVVDJHHVWJ«RORJLTXHPHQWHQSODFHGHSXLV OH4XDWHUQDLUHXQDSSRUWYRORQWDLUHOL«¢OɛDP«QDJHPHQWGXVROQHSHXW¬WUHH[FOXGDQV FHUWDLQHV]RQHV(QHIIHWFHFRPEOHPHQWYLHQWSDUIRLVVɛDSSX\HUFRQWUHOHVSDUHPHQWV GHODFDEDQHDXQRUGɖHVWRXFRQWUHODSDUWLHGXEDQFURFKHX[HQFRUHHQSODFHVRXVFHV DVVLVHV 49 /ɛ«WXGHJ«RPRUSKRORJLTXHU«DOLV«HSDU0b$PEHUWWHQG¢PRQWUHUTXHOHVXEVWUDWXP ORFDO«WDLWHQJUDQGHSDUWLHPDVTX«SDUXQVRODYDQWOɛLQVWDOODWLRQGHV&KDOFROLWKLTXHV 'ªV  ORUV  OɛH[WUDFWLRQ  GHV  PDW«ULDX[  GH  FRQVWUXFWLRQ  D  Q«FHVVLW«  XQ  FUHXVHPHQW SU«DODEOH  (Q  FRXUV  GH  IRXLOOH  QRXV  DYRQV  UHQFRQWU«  TXHOTXHV  JURVVHV  VRXFKHV  GH FK¬QHVYHUWVHQFRUHHQSODFH&HVUDFLQHVRQWSDUHQGURLWVVRXOHY«HWEULV«GHVSRUWLRQV GHVXEVWUDW b 1.3.2.3. Le mobilier archéologique 50 /DGHVFULSWLRQH[KDXVWLYHGXPRELOLHUHWOɛ«WXGHGHVDU«SDUWLWLRQGDQVODFDEDQHIRQW OɛREMHWGHFKDSLWUHVV«SDU«V&RPPHSRXUODVWUXFWXUHbQRXVQRXVFRQWHQWHURQVLFL Gɛ«WDEOLUXQLQYHQWDLUHVRPPDLUHGHVREMHWVG«FRXYHUWVHQ«YRTXDQWEULªYHPHQWOHXUV FRQGLWLRQVGHG«S¶W 51 /DF«UDPLTXHHVWOɛ«O«PHQWPDMHXU6DU«SDUWLWLRQQɛHVWSDVXQLIRUPH'HVJURXSHPHQWV WUªVGHQVHVGHWHVVRQVRXGHSHWLWHVFRQFHQWUDWLRQVDSSDUWHQDQW¢GHVYDVHVTXDVLPHQW FRPSOHWVRX¢GɛLPSRUWDQWVSDQQHDX[FRQWUDVWHQWDYHFGHVHVSDFHVYLGHV fig. 30 /HV WUDYDX[  GH  UHFRQVWLWXWLRQ  RQW  SHUPLV  GɛLGHQWLILHUbbYDVHV  GRQWb  VRQW  ¢  SHX  SUªV FRPSOHWV$FHVYDVHVVɛDMRXWHQWGHVJURXSHVGHTXHOTXHVWHVVRQVRXGHVWHVVRQVLVRO«V FRUUHVSRQGDQW¢bbDXWUHVU«FLSLHQWV/HSODQGHU«SDUWLWLRQIDLWDSSDUD°WUHGHX[W\SHV GHG«S¶WbOHVYDVHVEULV«VVXUSODFHRXGRQWOHVIUDJPHQWVVRQWIDLEOHPHQWGLVSHUV«VHW OHVSDQQHDX[RXWHVVRQVLVRO«VFRUUHVSRQGDQW¢GHVYDVHVGRQWODPDMHXUHSDUWLHD«W« G«WUXLWHRX«YDFX«HDXFRXUVGHOɛRFFXSDWLRQ 102 ● Fig. 30 – Plan de répartition des fragments de poterie dans la cabane 1. Dans l’angle N.‑E. sole foyère en dalles de calcaire marneux dessin Coularou 52 /HPDW«ULHOGHEUR\DJHFRQVWLWXHHQLPSRUWDQFHODGHX[LªPHFDW«JRULHGHPRELOLHU 8QH«WXGHG«WDLOO«HD«W«U«DOLV«HSDU+b0DUFKHVL FIb,,bib bPHXOHVSODQHVRQW«W« LGHQWLIL«HVGDQVODFDEDQHDLQVLTXHbbPROHWWHVFRQYH[HVHWbbEUR\HXUV/HVPHXOHVRQW «W«REWHQXHVGDQVGHVEORFVGHSRXGLQJXHSURYHQDQWGɛXQH]RQHSHX«ORLJQ«HGXVLWH,O HQHVWGHP¬PHSRXUOHVPROHWWHV/HVEUR\HXUVVRQWGHVJDOHWVGHTXDUW]LWH/ɛRXWLOODJH OLWKLTXHQɛHVWUHSU«VHQW«TXHSDUXQ«FODWGHVLOH[G«ELW«PDLVQRQUHWRXFK«'HVEORFV GHFKDLOOHEULV«VHQSHWLWVIUDJPHQWVRQW«W«UHWURXY«VSUªVGHODSRUWHGHODVWUXFWXUHb 7RXVOHV«FODWVVRQWGXVDXIHXHWQHSRVVªGHQWDXFXQVWLJPDWHGHWDLOOHLQWHQWLRQQHOOH 53 /ɛLQGXVWULHRVVHXVHHVWDEVHQWH/DIDXQHHVWWUªVUDUHbGHQWVHWIUDJPHQWGHPDQGLEXOH GɛRYLɖFDSULG«VbIUDJPHQWVGHPRODLUHGHFHUI 54 /HVPDFURUHVWHVY«J«WDX[VRQWDERQGDQWV(QSUHPLHUOLHXQRXVWURXYRQVGHVJODQGV FDUERQLV«VGLVSRV«VHQDPDVHWGDQVXQFDVFRQWHQXVGDQVOHIRQGGɛXQYDVH/HSRLGV WRWDO  DFWXHO  GH  FHV  UHVWHV  FDUERQLV«V  HVW  GɛHQYLURQbbNJ  'DQV  OɛDQJOH  QRUGɖHVW  GH  OD FDEDQH¢F¶W«GHODVROHIR\ªUHRQDG«FRXYHUWXQHWUHQWDLQHGɛDUERXVHVFDUERQLV«HV,O IDXW  DXVVL  PHQWLRQQHU  TXHOTXHV  EDLHV  GH  JHQ«YULHU  /HV  FKDUERQV  GH  ERLV  «WDLHQW GLVSHUV«VVXUOɛHQVHPEOHGHODFDEDQHVDQVFRQFHQWUDWLRQQRWRLUHFKDUERQVRQW«W« VRXPLV¢OɛDQDO\VHDQWKUDFRORJLTXH b 1.3.2.4. Les foyers 55 1RXVDYRQVVLJQDO«ODSU«VHQFHGDQVOɛDQJOHQRUGɖHVWGHSODTXHVGHFDOFDLUHJU«VHX[ QRQORFDOIUDFWXU«HVHQSOXVLHXUVPRUFHDX[&HUWDLQVPRUFHDX[VRQWQHWWHPHQWEU½O«V PDLVFHQGUHVHWFKDUERQVVRQWDEVHQWV&HWWHVROHRFFXSHXQHVSDFHVXEUHFWDQJXODLUH GHbbPVXUbP8QH]RQHYLGHGHPRELOLHUODFHUQH 103 56 'DQVODSDUWLHDQW«URɖFHQWUDOHGHODFDEDQHOHVXEVWUDWIRUPHXQODUJHUHSODWHQWUHGHX[ ]RQHVG«SULP«HV&ɛHVWVXUFHUHSODWTXHVHGHVVLQHDSUªVKXPLGLILFDWLRQGHODURFKH XQHWDFKHVXEFLUFXODLUHGɛXQGLDPªWUHGɛHQYLURQbbFPIRUWHPHQWFRORU«HHQEOHXDX FHQWUHHWHQURVH¢ODS«ULSK«ULH&HWWHFRORUDWLRQDOHIHXSRXURULJLQH/DIRUPHP¬PH GHODWDFKHODGLVSRVLWLRQHQDXU«ROHVFRQFHQWULTXHVGHVFRORUDWLRQVHWOɛ«FODWHPHQWGX VXEVWUDWQRXVDPªQHQW¢FRQVLG«UHUFHWHQVHPEOHFRPPHXQIR\HU¢SODW b 1.3.2.5. Les traces d’incendie (fig. 28) 57 &H  QɛHVW  TXɛ¢  OD  IDYHXU  GH  SOXLHV  TXH  GHV  WUDFHV  GH  IRUWH  FRORUDWLRQ  GHV  SDUHPHQWV LQW«ULHXUVGHODFDEDQHHWGHFHUWDLQHVW¬WHVGHODSLD]DSSDUDLVVHQW&HWWHFRORUDWLRQGH WHLQWHURVHRXEOHXHDIIHFWHODTXDVLɖWRWDOLW«GXSDUHPHQWLQW«ULHXUVXUXQHWUDQFKH VXSHUILFLHOOH  GHbb¢  bFP  Gɛ«SDLVVHXU  'H  P¬PH  OHV  SDUWLHV  OHV  SOXV  VDLOODQWHV  GX VXEVWUDWXP  VRQW  FRORU«HV  /HV  SODTXHWWHV  LVVXHV  GH  OD  WRLWXUH  RQW  HOOHV  DXVVL  «W« FRORU«HV&HWWHFRORUDWLRQHVWGXH¢XQHFKDXIIHLPSRUWDQWHTXLU«VXOWHREOLJDWRLUHPHQW GɛXQ  LQFHQGLH  /HV  H[S«ULHQFHV  GH  FRPEXVWLRQ  GH  URFKH  ORFDOH  TXH  QRXV  DYRQV  SX U«DOLVHUQRXVOɛRQWFRQILUP«/DSDWLQHGHODURFKHHVWRPSHOHVFRXOHXUVDSUªVXQODSVGH WHPSVDVVH]FRXUW TXHOTXHVDQQ«HV HWVHXOHXQHKXPLGLILFDWLRQOHVIDLWUHVVRUWLU,O QRXVD«W«IDFLOHGHFRQVWDWHU¢OɛDLGHGɛXQSXOY«ULVDWHXUTXHVHXOOHSDUHPHQWLQW«ULHXU GHODFDEDQHɘWRXWFRPPHFHOXLGXORFXVbɘSRUWHGHWHOVVWLJPDWHV/DVWUXFWXUHbbQH SU«VHQWHDXFXQHWUDFHGHFRORUDWLRQSDVSOXVTXHOHPXUGHFHLQWXUH/ɛLQFHQGLHDGRQF FRQVXP«OHVSDUWLHVLQIODPPDEOHVGHVFRQVWUXFWLRQVGXVHFWHXURXHVWFɛHVWɖ¢ɖGLUHOHV WRLWXUHV 58 /D  VWUXFWXUHb  TXL  QH  FRPSRUWDLW  SDV  GH  PDW«ULDX[  LQIODPPDEOHV  D  «W«  «SDUJQ«H /ɛLQFHQGLHDSURYRTX«OɛHIIRQGUHPHQWGHVWRLWXUHVGHODFDEDQHHWGXORFXVHWOHIHXD FRORU«OHVSDUHPHQWVDLQVLTXHOHVW¬WHVGHODSLD]TXL«PHUJHDLHQWGXVRO/HIDLWTXH VHXOHVFHVSDUWLHVVDLOODQWHVGXVXEVWUDWDLHQW«W«FRORU«HVPRQWUHTXHGHVV«GLPHQWV UHFRXYUDLHQWHWRQWDLQVLSURW«J«XQHJUDQGHSDUWLHGXVROURFKHX[&HVV«GLPHQWVRQW HQVXLWH«W«HQWUD°Q«VSDUOHVUXLVVHOOHPHQWVHWOHVVRXWLUDJHV 59 &HUWDLQVYHVWLJHVSRUWHQWOHVVWLJPDWHVGHOɛLQFHQGLHbYDVHHQFRXUVGHV«FKDJHFXLW EUXWDOHPHQW  GDQV  OH  ORFXVbb DQDO\VH  GHb-ɖ&b(FKDOOLHUb,,b  ib   EUR\HXUV  HW  EORFV  GH FKDLOOH  «FODW«V  PHXOHV  HQ  JUªV  IUDJLOLV«HV  HW  U«VHUYHV  GH  JODQGV  FDUERQLV«V  /D FRQV«TXHQFH  SULQFLSDOH  GH  FHW  LQFHQGLH  D  «W«  OɛDEDQGRQ  G«ILQLWLI  GH  FHWWH  SDUWLH  GH OɛKDELWDW&HW«WDWGHIDLWHQIRVVLOLVDQWFHVHVSDFHVGRPHVWLTXHVHQFRXUVGɛRFFXSDWLRQ IDFLOLWHJUDQGHPHQWOHXU«WXGHDUFK«RORJLTXH b 1.3.3. Le locus 1 (fig. 27, 28 et 31) 60 1RXV  DYRQV  EULªYHPHQW  «YRTX«  OɛH[LVWHQFH  GH  FHWWH  VWUXFWXUH  SDUWLFXOLªUH  GDQV  OD GHVFULSWLRQJ«Q«UDOHTXLSU«FªGH,OVɛDJLWGɛXQHVSDFHG«OLPLW«VXUWURLVF¶W«VSDUGHV PXUV  DSSDUWHQDQW  ¢  GɛDXWUHV  VWUXFWXUHV  $X  IRQG  FɛHVW  OH  SDUHPHQW  H[W«ULHXU  GH  OD VWUXFWXUHbGRXEO«SDUXQFRQWUHɖPXUTXLIHUPHOHORFXV$OɛRXHVWOHPXUGHFHLQWXUH OXLɖP¬PH  GɛDLOOHXUV  UHQIRUF«  H[W«ULHXUHPHQW  SDU  XQ  FRQWUHɖSDUHPHQW  VHUW  GH  PXU JRXWWHUHDXDXORFXV$OɛHVWFɛHVWOHPXUJRXWWHUHDXGHODFDEDQHbbTXLVHUW«JDOHPHQW DXORFXV$XVXGɖHVWLOVXIILVDLWGɛDMRXWHUXQPXUGHID©DGHDYHFSRUWHFHQWUDOHSRXU SDUDFKHYHUODIHUPHWXUHGHFHWHVSDFHHWOHUHQGUHDFFHVVLEOHGHSXLVOɛHVSDFHFHQWUDOGH OɛHQFORV/HORFXVbbDXQHORQJXHXUGHbbPHWVDODUJHXUYDULHGHbbPYHUVOɛHQWU«H VXGɖHVW¢bbPDXFHQWUHHWbPDXIRQG/DFRPPXQLFDWLRQDYHFODFDEDQHbb«WDLW 104 UHQGXHSRVVLEOHSDUOɛDP«QDJHPHQWGɛXQHSRUWHRXYHUWHGDQVOHPXUPLWR\HQ1RXV DYLRQVQRW«TXHOHVGHX[ID©DGHVFHOOHVGHODFDEDQHHWGXORFXVDYDLHQW«W«FRQVWUXLWHV HQ  XQH  VHXOH  IRLV  SXLVTXɛHOOHV  VɛLQWHUS«QªWUHQW  GDQV  OHXU  PDVVH  &H  G«WDLO  GH FRQVWUXFWLRQFRQILUPHVɛLOHQ«WDLWODFRPSO«PHQWDULW«GHVGHX[«GLILFHVDFFRO«V3OXV SHWLWTXHODFDEDQHOHORFXVDSSDUD°WFRPPHXQHFHOOXOHDGYHQWLFHGRQWODIRQFWLRQHVW «WURLWHPHQWOL«H¢FHOOHGHODFDEDQH/DFRPSDUDLVRQGHVYHVWLJHVFRQWHQXVGDQVFHV GHX[  VWUXFWXUHV  GHYUDLW  SHUPHWWUH  GH  SU«FLVHU  FH  SRLQW  $YHF  OD  VWUXFWXUHb  GRQW OɛXQLTXHDFFªVSDVVHSDUODFDEDQHbRQVHWURXYHHQSU«VHQFHGɛXQHQVHPEOHFRQVWLWX« SDUWURLVFHOOXOHVGHVXUIDFHLQ«JDOHPDLVTXLRQW«W«XWLOLV«HVFRQMRLQWHPHQW ● Fig. 31 – Vue du locus 1 en cours de fouille. On note dans la partie centrale la couche de lauzes de toiture effondrées cliché Colomer b 1.3.3.1. Le remplissage (fig. 32) 61 /HFDLOORXWLVGHJ«OLIUDFWLRQHVWLFLPRLQV«SDLVTXHGDQVODFDEDQHb'ªVODVXUIDFHVH UHQFRQWUHQWGHVSLHUUHVSURYHQDQWGHOɛ«ERXOHPHQWGHVPXUV'DQVODPRLWL«VXGOHMHX GH  Oɛ«URVLRQ  D  FRQVLG«UDEOHPHQW  U«GXLW  Oɛ«SDLVVHXU  GH  FHWWH  FRXFKH  GH  GHVWUXFWLRQ &HOOHɖFLYDULHGHbb¢bbPVHORQOHV]RQHV/HVSLHUUHVVRQWVRXYHQWIUDFWXU«HVHW GDQVODWUDQFKHVXS«ULHXUHU«GXLWHVHQ«FODWV 105 ● Fig. 32 – Coupe transversale N‑S. du remplissage du locus 1 dans la partie antéro‑centrale dessin Coularou 62 ,PP«GLDWHPHQWDXɖGHVVRXVGHFHWWHSUHPLªUHFRXFKHDSSDUD°WGDQVOHV]RQHVFHQWUDOH HWDQW«ULHXUHXQHQDSSHTXDVLFRQWLQXHGHSODTXHWWHVGHFDOFDLUHRXGHJUªVGɛRULJLQH DOORFKWRQH  &HWWH  QDSSH  D  SDU  HQGURLWV  SUªV  GHbbP  Gɛ«SDLVVHXU  3UHVTXH  WRXWH  OD SDUWLHDQW«ULHXUHGXORFXVHQHVWFRXYHUWH,OVɛDJLWGHWRXWH«YLGHQFHGHSODTXHWWHV PLVHVHQSODFHVXUODWRLWXUHSDUOHV&KDOFROLWKLTXHV/HYROXPHWRWDOGHVSODTXHWWHV H[WUDLWHV  GX  ORFXV  DPSXW«HV  GHV  SHWLWV  IUDJPHQWV  «YDFX«V  DYHF  OHV  G«EODLV  HVW GHbbP  &HV  PDW«ULDX[  VRQW  EHDXFRXS  SOXV  DERQGDQWV  TXH  GDQV  OD  FDEDQHb  /H PRELOLHUDUFK«RORJLTXHHVWGDQVVDTXDVLɖWRWDOLW«VLWX«DXɖGHVVRXVGHFHVSODTXHWWHVFH TXLFRQILUPHOHXUXWLOLVDWLRQFRPPHPDW«ULDXGHFRXYHUWXUH&RPPHGDQVODFDEDQHb FHUWDLQHVGDOOHVVHWURXYDLHQW¢ODEDVHGXUHPSOLVVDJHVRXVOHVWHVVRQVGHSRWHULHHWOH SOXV  VRXYHQW  HQIRQF«HV  GDQV  OɛDUJLOH  URXJH  TXL  FROPDWH  OH  VXEVWUDW  ,O  VɛDJLW SUREDEOHPHQW  O¢  HQFRUH  GɛXQ  GDOODJH  SRQFWXHO  TXL  QɛD  MDPDLV  UHFRXYHUW  GH  JUDQGHV VXUIDFHVPDLVGHYDLWU«JXODULVHUHWUHQIRUFHU©¢HWO¢GHSHWLWHVFXYHWWHVDUJLOHXVHV$ OɛH[DPHQGXSODQGHU«SDUWLWLRQGHVSODTXHWWHVGDQVOHORFXVRQHVWIUDSS«SDUOHXU UDUHW«GDQVODSDUWLHDUULªUHGHODVWUXFWXUHUDUHW«TXLFRQWUDVWHDYHFOHXUH[WU¬PH DERQGDQFHGDQVODSDUWLHDYDQW1RXVUHYLHQGURQVSOXVORLQVXUFHWWHTXHVWLRQ 63 /H  PRELOLHU  DUFK«RORJLTXH  FRQVWLWX«  SULQFLSDOHPHQW  GH  F«UDPLTXH  PDLV  DXVVL  GH JURXSHVGHPHXOHVHWGHWUªVQRPEUHX[JODQGVFDUERQLV«VUHSRVHHQWUHFHUHPSOLVVDJH SLHUUHX[HWOHVXEVWUDW&HOXLɖFLSU«VHQWHFRPPHGDQVODFDEDQHbGHX[DVSHFWV,OVɛDJLW SDU  HQGURLWV  GH  W¬WHV  GH  ODSLD]  IRUPDQW  GHV  UHSODWV  VRXYHQW  SLTXHW«V  SDU  OHV FRQVWUXFWHXUV  TXL  RQW  FKHUFK«  ¢  DSODQLU  OH  VRO  RX  GɛDU¬WHV  DQJXOHXVHV  HOOHV  DXVVL SDUWLHOOHPHQWSLTXHW«HVVXUOHVSDUWLHVOHVSOXVWUDQFKDQWHV/ɛDUJLOHURXJHFRPEOHOD SOXSDUWGHVFXYHWWHVHWULJROHVNDUVWLTXHV/HPRELOLHUHVWSDUIRLVQR\«GDQVODWUDQFKH VXS«ULHXUHGXV«GLPHQW'HVILVVXUHVHWGLDFODVHVRQWMRX«OHU¶OHGHVX©RLUVHQWUD°QDQW HQ  SURIRQGHXU  GHV  YHVWLJHV  PRELOLHUV  HW  VRXWLUDQW  OH  FROPDWDJH  DUJLOHX[  &HV SK«QRPªQHVGHVRXWLUDJHRQWMRX«XQFHUWDLQU¶OHGDQVODIUDJLOLVDWLRQGHVPXUV&ɛHVW DLQVLTXHOHPXUGHID©DGHF¶W«VXGɖRXHVWVɛHVWDIIDLVV«GDQVXQHILVVXUHOHVDVVLVHV GHVVLQDQWDORUVXQHVRUWHGHmbV\QFOLQDOb}SDUWLFXOLªUHPHQWELHQYLVLEOHVXUOHSDUHPHQW LQW«ULHXU b 1.3.3.2. Les traces d’incendie (fig. 28) 64 /ɛLQFHQGLHTXLDDIIHFW«ODFDEDQHbbDDXVVLODLVV«GHQRPEUHXVHVWUDFHVGDQVOHORFXV/D WRWDOLW«GXSDUHPHQWLQW«ULHXUHVWFRORU«HVXUXQHIUDQJHSHXSURIRQGH ¢bbFP /HV WHLQWHV  URVHV  PDXYHV  RX  IUDQFKHPHQW  EOHXHV  DSSDUDLVVHQW  QHWWHPHQW  DSUªV 106 KXPLGLILFDWLRQGHVSDURLV&RPPHGDQVODFDEDQHbOHVW¬WHVGHODSLD]VRQWFRORU«HV &HUWDLQHV  SLHUUHV  RQW  «FODW«  DX  IHX  HW  GHV  REMHWV  FRPPH  XQ  EUR\HXUɖSHUFXWHXU «JDOHPHQW'HVPHXOHVHQJUªVJURVVLHUFKDXII«HVSDUOɛLQFHQGLHRQWSHUGXOHXUGXUHW« HWVɛHIIULWHQWIDFLOHPHQWDXWRXFKHU'DQVOD]RQHFHQWUDOHXQYDVHGHIRUPHDEHUUDQWH DYDLWDWWLU«QRWUHDWWHQWLRQ$GHVIUDJPHQWVDEVROXPHQWSODWVVɛRSSRVDLHQWGHVWHVVRQV ¢WUªVIRUWHFRXUEXUH/DSOXSDUWGHVWHVVRQVGHFHYDVHSU«VHQWHQWGHVFUDTXHOXUHV SURIRQGHV/ɛ«WXGHS«WURJUDSKLTXHHIIHFWX«HSDU-ɖ&b(FKDOOLHUPRQWUHTXHOHU«FLSLHQW «WDLWJRUJ«GɛHDXORUVTXɛLOD«W«IRUWHPHQWFKDXII«,OHVW¢SHXSUªVFHUWDLQTXHFHYDVH «WDLWHQFRXUVGHIDEULFDWLRQDXPRPHQWGHOɛLQFHQGLHGXORFXV b 1.3.3.3. Le mobilier archéologique 65 &RPPH  SRXU  OD  FDEDQHb  QRXV  GRQQHURQV  LFL  XQ  LQYHQWDLUH  VRPPDLUH  GX  PRELOLHU UHFXHLOOLGHVFULSWLRQVHW«WXGHVGHU«SDUWLWLRQIDLVDQWOɛREMHWGHFKDSLWUHVV«SDU«V 66 /D  F«UDPLTXH  HVW  FRPPH  GDQV  OD  FDEDQHb  Oɛ«O«PHQW  GRPLQDQW  /HV  YDVHV  HQFRUH HQWLHUVRXEULV«VVXUSODFHHWOHVDPDVGHWHVVRQVFRUUHVSRQGDQW¢SOXVLHXUVYDVHVEULV«V HWGLVSHUV«VVXUXQHIDLEOHVXUIDFH«YRTXHQWXQDEDQGRQUDSLGHGHOɛKDELWDWHWOɛDEVHQFH GH  U«XWLOLVDWLRQ  DSUªV  OɛLQFHQGLH  fig. 33 à 35   'HV  IUDJPHQWV  LVRO«V  RX  GHV  YDVHV UHSU«VHQW«V  SDU  TXHOTXHV  WHVVRQV  VHXOHPHQW  SHXYHQW  IDLUH  SHQVHU  ¢  GHV  QHWWR\DJHV HIIHFWX«VDXFRXUVGHOɛRFFXSDWLRQ,OVVRQWWRXWHIRLVPLQRULWDLUHV/HORQJWUDYDLOGH UHFRQVWLWXWLRQ  D  SHUPLV  GɛLVROHUbbU«FLSLHQWV  bYDVHV  RQW  SX  ¬WUH  FRPSOªWHPHQW UHVWLWX«VJUDSKLTXHPHQW8QHTXLQ]DLQHGHYDVHVQHVRQWUHSU«VHQW«VTXHSDUTXHOTXHV IUDJPHQWVELHQLGHQWLIL«VPDLVGHQRPEUHX[WHVVRQVQɛRQWSX¬WUHUDFFRUG«V¢DXFXQ YDVHIDXWHGɛ«O«PHQWVFDUDFW«ULVWLTXHV/HQRPEUHWRWDOGHU«FLSLHQWVLGHQWLIL«VTXHO TXHVRLWOHQRPEUHGHIUDJPHQWVFRQVHUY«VRXUHFRQQXVHVWGHTXDUDQWH ● Fig. 33 – Plan de répartition des fragments de poterie dans le locus 1 dessin Coularou 107 ● Fig. 34 – Locus 1, carré AN 21. Vase sphéroïdal complet déposé dans l’angle sud, l’embouchure vers le bas. Le fond de ce vase porte une petite perforation ronde intentionnelle cliché Colomer ● Fig. 35 – Locus 1, carré AM 22. 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La céramique 2.1.1. 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Distribution des effectifs dans les groupes 169 /D  U«SDUWLWLRQ  GHV  HIIHFWLIV  DX  VHLQ  GHV  JURXSHV  W\SRORJLTXHV  IDLW  DSSDUD°WUH  OD SU«GRPLQDQFH GX JURXSHb  bYDVHV VXUb  VXLYL GX JURXSHbb bYDVHV  /HV DXWUHV JURXSHV  RQW  GHV  HIIHFWLIV  SOXV  IDLEOHV  HQWUHbbHWbbYDVHV  FI  ILJb   /H  WDEOHDXb,, fig. 53 SHUPHWGHFRQIURQWHUOHFODVVHPHQWGHVHIIHFWLIVSDUJURXSHVW\SRORJLTXHVDYHF OHXUGLVWULEXWLRQSDUYROXPH,OPRQWUHTXHOHVJURXSHVbbHWbbQHFRPSUHQQHQWTXH GHVSHWLWVYDVHVPDLVFHODQɛHVWSDVVLJQLILFDWLISXLVTXHFKDTXHJURXSHQɛHVWUHSU«VHQW« TXHSDUXQVHXOYDVH3DUFRQWUHSRXUOHVJURXSHVbbHWVXUWRXWbSOXVLHXUVFODVVHV YROXP«WULTXHVVRQWUHSU«VHQW«HV,OQHVHPEOHSDVGDQVFHGHUQLHUFDVTXHIRUPHHW IRQFWLRQVRLHQW«WURLWHPHQWOL«HV2QVRXOLJQHUDHQILQTXHGDQVODFDW«JRULHGHVJUDQGV YDVHV b¢bbO OHVHIIHFWLIVSRXUUDLHQW¬WUHDXJPHQW«VFDUSOXVLHXUVYDVHVQɛRQWSX ¬WUH  UHVWLWX«V  JUDSKLTXHPHQW  OHV  SDQVHV  «WDQW  VRXYHQW  DEVHQWHV  RX  QRQ  LGHQWLIL«HV GDQVODPDVVHGHVWHVVRQVGLVSRQLEOHV'HVDQDO\VHVG«WDLOO«HVGHODU«SDUWLWLRQGHVYDVHV SDUYROXPHVGDQVOHVXQLW«VGRPHVWLTXHVGXVHFWHXURXHVWHWOHVK\SRWKªVHVTXHOɛRQ SHXWHQG«GXLUHVRQWSU«VHQW«HVGDQVODbHSDUWLHGHFHYROXPH ibbHWb  133 ● Fig. 53 – Tableau II : rapports entre les groupes typologiques et les classes volumétriques des vases dans le secteur ouest. b 2.1.3.3. Eléments de préhension 170 /HV  W\SHV  UHSU«VHQW«V  VRQW  SDU  RUGUH  GH  IU«TXHQFHb  OHV  ODQJXHWWHVbəbOHV  DQVHV  HQ UXEDQbəbOHV  DQVHV  FDU«Q«HV  RX  QDVLIRUPHV  LQYHUVHV bəbOHV  ERXWRQVbəbOHV  RUHLOOHV SHUIRU«HVRXQRQbəbOHVDQVHVHQERXGLQ 171 /HVODQJXHWWHVVRQWOHV«O«PHQWVOHVSOXVIU«TXHQWV&HVODQJXHWWHVVRQWGLVSRV«HVVXUXQ P¬PHSODQSDUbbRXbSDUIRLVb 172 &HVRQWGHVODQJXHWWHVVLPSOHVSOXVRXPRLQV«SDLVVHV¢SURILOFRQYH[HGLVSRV«HV¢ OɛKRUL]RQWDOH  SDUIRLV  UHGUHVV«HV  SOXV  UDUHPHQW  LQFOLQ«HV  YHUV  OH  EDV  2Q  QRWHUD OɛDEVHQFH  GH  ODQJXHWWHV  PXOWLORE«HV  RX  RUQ«HV  LQFLVLRQV  SDVWLOOHV  TXL  H[LVWHQW  VXU GɛDXWUHVVLWHVIRQWEX[LHQV 173 /HVDQVHVHQUXEDQVRQWVLPSOHV&HUWDLQHVGɛHQWUHHOOHVSRVVªGHQWGHVRXUOHWVODW«UDX[ HWXQHQVHOOHPHQWP«GLDQ&HVDQVHVVRQWYHUWLFDOHVRXO«JªUHPHQWREOLTXHV/HVDQVHV FDU«Q«HV RXQDVLIRUPHVLQYHUVHV VRQWIU«TXHQWHVGDQVOHJURXSHGH)RQWERXLVVH&H VRQWHQIDLWOHSOXVVRXYHQWFRPPHLFL¢%RXVVDUJXHVGHVRUHLOOHVGHIRUPHVS«FLILTXH SHUIRU«HV,OVɛDJLWGɛ«O«PHQWVGHVXVSHQVLRQ/HYDVHFbSRVVªGHbbDQVHVFDU«Q«HV 174 /HVERXWRQVSHXQRPEUHX[QHVRQWSDVWUªVVDLOODQWV/HXUIRUPHHVWFLUFXODLUHRX RYDOH  /HV  RUHLOOHV  ODQJXHWWHV  GLVSRV«HV  YHUWLFDOHPHQW  VRQW  UDUHV  &HUWDLQHV  VRQW SHUIRU«HV,OQɛ\DSDVFRPPHGDQVOH)RQWERXLVVHJDUGRLVGɛRUHLOOHVMXPHO«HV/HVDQVHV HQ  ERXGLQ  VRQW  YHUWLFDOHV  RX  O«JªUHPHQW  REOLTXHV  (OOHV  QH  VRQW  MDPDLV  WUªV YROXPLQHXVHV1RXVDERUGRQVFLɖGHVVRXVOɛ«WXGHGHVG«FRUVPDLVGDQVOɛLPP«GLDWRQ SHXWQRWHUOɛDVVRFLDWLRQVLJQLILFDWLYHGHVODQJXHWWHVDYHFOHVFRUGRQVOLVVHV bYDVHV  134 7URLVYDVHV¢FRUGRQSRVVªGHQWGHVDQVHVHQUXEDQ$XFXQYDVH¢G«FRUFDQQHO«QH SRVVªGHGHODQJXHWWH b 2.1.4. Étude des décors 175 6XUbbYDVHVLGHQWLIL«VGDQVOHVHFWHXURXHVWHQWHQDQWFRPSWHGHVSOXVFRPSOHWVDX[ SOXV  IUDJPHQWDLUHV  bSRUWHQW  XQ  G«FRU  /H  SRXUFHQWDJH  GH  YDVHV  RUQ«V  HVW  GRQF GHbb  FH  TXL  SDUD°W  WUªV  «OHY«  2Q  GRLW  WRXWHIRLV  WHQLU  FRPSWH  GX  IDLW  TXH  OHV UHFRQVWLWXWLRQV  GH  YDVHV  WUªV  IUDJPHQW«V  SULYLO«JLHQW  OHV  YDVHV  RUQ«V  SOXV  IDFLOHV  ¢ LGHQWLILHU'ɛDXWUHSDUWOHVYDVHVRUQ«VGHFRUGRQVVRQWWUªVQRPEUHX[ 176 /HVWHFKQLTXHVXWLOLV«HVSRXUOɛRUQHPHQWDWLRQGHVYDVHVGXVHFWHXURXHVWVRQWFHOOHVTXH OɛRQWURXYHKDELWXHOOHPHQWGDQVOHVSURGXFWLRQVGXJURXSHGH)RQWERXLVVH&HVRQWOHV FDQQHOXUHVOHVFRUGRQVOHVLQFLVLRQVHWOHVSDVWLOOHVDXUHSRXVV«6HXOHVOHVLPSUHVVLRQV PDQTXHQW¢FHUHJLVWUH/HVFDQQHOXUHVVRQWLFLSHXSURIRQGHVOHSOXVVRXYHQWILQHV QRQMRLQWLYHVHWGLVSRV«HVHQP«WRSHVRXJXLUODQGHV/HVLQFLVLRQVVRQWSU«VHQWHVVXUXQ VHXO  YDVH  &H  VRQW  GHV  LQFLVLRQV  ILQHV  FRXUWHV  GLVSRV«HV  HQ  XQH  SRUW«H  GH  WUDLWV YHUWLFDX[ YDVHbO /HVFRUGRQVVRQWWRXVGHVFRUGRQVOLVVHVDSSOLTX«V¢OɛH[FHSWLRQGɛXQ G«FRUGHFRUGRQVSLQF«V b 2.1.4.1. Structure technique (nombre de fois où une technique est représentée) (fig. 54) 177 (QSRXUFHQWDJHOHVWHFKQLTXHVG«FRUDWLYHVVRQWSDURUGUHGHIU«TXHQFHb 178 ɘbFRUGRQVbbb ɘbFDQQHOXUHVbbb ɘbSDVWLOOHVbbb ɘbLQFLVLRQVbb 179 /DFRORQQHmbDXWUHVb}GXWDEOHDXGHODILJbbFRUUHVSRQGDX[DXWUHVVHFWHXUVIRXLOO«Vb VWUXFWXUHVURQGHVbbHWb]RQHVRXHVWHWFHQWUHGHODFDEDQHb ● Fig. 54 – Tableau III : fréquence des techniques décoratives dans chaque structure du secteur ouest. b 135 2.1.4.2. Structure morphotechnique, les motifs (fig. 55) 180 /DVWUXFWXUHPRUSKRWHFKQLTXHSHUPHWGHFRQIURQWHUOHVWHFKQLTXHVXWLOLV«HVDYHFOHV PRWLIVPLVHQüXYUH&HWDEOHDXSHUPHWGɛDSSU«FLHUODUHODWLYHSDXYUHW«GXUHJLVWUH WK«PDWLTXHXWLOLV«/HPRWLIKRUL]RQWDOHVWOHSOXVXWLOLV«,OFRQFHUQHHVVHQWLHOOHPHQW OHV  G«FRUV  GH  FRUGRQV  /HV  FDQQHOXUHV  KRUL]RQWDOHV  VRQW  GDQV  SUHVTXH  WRXV  OHV  FDV DVVRFL«HVDX[FDQQHOXUHVYHUWLFDOHVSRXUIRUPHUGHVPRWLIVHQP«WRSHV'DQVXQVHXO FDVHOOHVVRQWLVRO«HV'DQVXQDXWUHLOVɛDJLWGHOLJQHVFURLV«HV/HVDVVRFLDWLRQVGH WHFKQLTXHV G«FRUVFRPSOH[HV VRQWUDUHV2QQRWHXQYDVH F SRUWDQWGHVFRUGRQV OLVVHVHWGHVSDVWLOOHVDXUHSRXVV«8QDXWUH O DVVRFLHOHVHXOPRWLILQFLV«UHQFRQWU«¢ XQFRUGRQKRUL]RQWDO/HYDVHObSRUWHVXUOHFROXQG«FRUGHFRUGRQVHWGHFDQQHOXUHV FURLV«HV(QILQXQWHVVRQLVRO«DVVRFLHXQFRUGRQ¢GHVFDQQHOXUHV&HVW\OHG«FRUDWLI XWLOLVDQW  DYDQW  WRXW  OHV  FRUGRQV  HVW  UHODWLYHPHQW  DXVWªUH  VL  RQ  OH  FRPSDUH  DX[ SURGXFWLRQVSOXVFKDUJ«HVGHODU«JLRQFHQWUDOHGXJURXSHGH)RQWERXLVVH YDOO«HGX *DUGRQ8]ªJH  ● Fig. 55 – Tableau IV : relations entre techniques et motifs décoratifs dans le secteur ouest. 181 /DVWUXFWXUHWHFKQLTXHGHVG«FRUVF«UDPLTXHVGXVHFWHXURXHVWGH%RXVVDUJXHVHVWWRXW ¢IDLWFRPSDUDEOH¢FHOOHGHTXHOTXHVJLVHPHQWV«WXGL«VGDQVFHWWHPLFURU«JLRQ'DQVOD ]RQH  GHV  JDUULJXHV  PRQWSHOOL«UDLQHV  OH  VLWH  GX  *UDYDV  6DLQWɖ0DWKLHXɖGHɖ7U«YLHUV +«UDXOW SU«VHQWHXQHVWUXFWXUHWRXW¢IDLWFRPSDUDEOH $UQDOHWDOLL /HVVLWHV OLWWRUDX[GH5LFKHPRQW¢0RQWSHOOLHUHW'RPHQRYH 9LOOHQHXYHɖOH]ɖ0DJXHORQQH  /H %DVWDUGɖ%RVVDUGbb$OEDJQDF0RQWMDUGLQb QɛHQGLIIªUHQWTXHSDUODSOXVIRUWH UHSU«VHQWDWLRQGHVG«FRUVGHSDVWLOOHVDXUHSRXVV«WUDGLWLRQORFDOHLVVXHGXJURXSHGH )HUULªUHV8QHWHOOHDSSURFKHTXDQWLWDWLYHUHVWHHQFRUH¢IDLUHSRXUOHVLWHGH&DPERXV TXLDOLYU«XQLPSRUWDQWVWRFNF«UDPLTXH b 2.1.5. Conclusion 182 /H  VWRFN  F«UDPLTXH  GX  VHFWHXU  RXHVW  GH  %RXVVDUJXHV  QRXV  HVW  SDUYHQX  GDQV  XQ UHPDUTXDEOH  «WDW  GH  FRQVHUYDWLRQ  %LHQ  TXɛH[WU¬PHPHQW  IUDJPHQW«V  FH  VRQW  SUªV 136 GHbbYDVHVTXLRQWSXIDLUHOɛREMHWGHUHFRQVWLWXWLRQVLQW«JUDOHVRXSDUWLHOOHV%LHQV½U FHVbbYDVHV  QH  UHSU«VHQWHQW  SDV  OD  WRWDOLW«  GX  VWRFN  HVWLP«H  ¢  SOXV  GHbbYDVHV 7RXWHIRLVFHWWHGRFXPHQWDWLRQHVWG«M¢H[FHSWLRQQHOOHSRXUXQHVSDFHDXVVLUHVWUHLQW (OOH  QɛD  «W«  UHQGXH  XWLOLVDEOH  TXɛDX  SUL[  GɛXQ  ORQJ  HW  SDWLHQW  HIIRUW  GH  WUL  HW  GH UHFRQVWLWXWLRQPDLVOHVFRQGLWLRQVGHG«S¶WOHSHUPHWWDLHQW 183 ,OVHUDLWSU«PDWXU«GHWLUHUGHVFRQFOXVLRQVG«ILQLWLYHVIDFH¢XQHQVHPEOHTXLQɛHVW UHSU«VHQWDWLITXHGɛXQHSDUWLHGXVLWH/HVTXHOTXHVYDVHV«WXGL«VSURYHQDQWGɛDXWUHV VHFWHXUV  VWUXFWXUHV URQGHV FDEDQHb QH VHPEOHQW SDV SU«VHQWHU GH FDUDFWªUHV WUªV GLII«UHQWV  0DQLIHVWHPHQW  ɘHW  FHOD  FRUURERUH  OHV  REVHUYDWLRQV  IDLWHV  GDQV  GɛDXWUHV GRPDLQHVɘQRXVDYRQVDIIDLUH¢XQHQVHPEOHKRPRJªQHTXHOɛRQSHXWG«M¢FRQVLG«UHU FRPPH  WRXW  ¢  IDLW  UHSU«VHQWDWLI  GX  FRPSOH[H  F«UDPLTXH  FRQQX  GDQV  FHWWH  ]RQH J«RJUDSKLTXH&HIDFLªVK«UDXOWDLVGHODFXOWXUHGH)RQWERXLVVHɘRXSOXVSU«FLV«PHQWFH VRXVɖIDFLªV  GHV  JDUULJXHV  PRQWSHOOL«UDLQHVɘ  VH  FDUDFW«ULVH  SDU  OD  UHODWLYH  UDUHW«  GHV IRUPHV¢FDUªQHYLYHGDQVOHJURXSHGHVJUDQGVYDVHV3RXUGHVYROXPHV«TXLYDOHQWV OHVJLVHPHQWVGXIDFLªVFHQWUDO 9DXQDJH8]ªJHEDVVHV&«YHQQHV SRVVªGHQWXQHIRUWH SURSRUWLRQ  GH  YDVHV  ¢  FDUªQH  KDXWH  HW  FRO  ¢  SURILO  H[WHUQH  FRQFDYH  ,FL  LOV  VRQW UHPSODF«VSDUGHJURVVHVMDUUHV¢SDQVHUHQIO«HHWFROSHXPDUTX«LQFOXVHVGDQVQRWUH JURXSHb 184 'DQVOHGRPDLQHGHODG«FRUDWLRQQRXVDYRQVVRXOLJQ«ODUHODWLYHDXVW«ULW«GHVPRWLIVHW GHVDVVRFLDWLRQVGHWHFKQLTXHV/DSU«GRPLQDQFH«FUDVDQWHGHVFRUGRQVOLVVHVHVWXQ GHVWUDLWVPDUTXDQWVGXIDFLªV2QQRWHUDTXHFHVFRUGRQVQHVRQWMDPDLVDJU«PHQW«V GɛLQFLVLRQVRXGɛLPSUHVVLRQVGLJLWDOHVFRPPHFɛHVWVLVRXYHQWOHFDVGDQVOH*DUGHWHQ EDVVH$UGªFKH/HVFDQQHOXUHVTXLUHVWHQWSDUPLOHVWHFKQLTXHVOHVSOXVSULV«HVGDQVFH JURXSHFXOWXUHOQHVRQWSDVbɖbORLQVɛHQIDXWbɖbDEVHQWHVGXIDFLªVORFDOPDLVRQQRWHSDU H[HPSOHTXHOHVG«FRUVGHFDQQHOXUHVMRLQWLYHVVRQWWUªVUDUHVHWTXHOHWUDLWHVWVRXYHQW PDODGURLWRXWUDF«K¤WLYHPHQWVDQVTXHOHSDUDOO«OLVPHVRLWELHQUHVSHFW«2QHQUHWLUH OɛLPSUHVVLRQTXHOHVSRWLHUVVLJQDLHQWOHXUDSSDUWHQDQFHDXJURXSHHQXWLOLVDQWFHWWH WHFKQLTXHHWOHVPRWLIVIRQGDPHQWDX[ P«WRSHV PDLVVDQVODULJXHXUGɛH[«FXWLRQTXH OɛRQ  FRQVWDWH  DLOOHXUV  QRWDPPHQW  GDQV  OHV  SURGXFWLRQV  GHV  JURWWHV  HW  VWDWLRQV  GH Oɛ8]ªJHRXGHVFRQWUHIRUWVFDOFDLUHVGHV&«YHQQHVJDUGRLVHV/HSDVWLOODJHDXUHSRXVV« XWLOLV«  GDQV  FHWWH  U«JLRQ  GHSXLV  OH  1«ROLWKLTXH  ILQDO  JURXSH  GH  )HUULªUHV  HVW  XQH WHFKQLTXHFRQQXHGDQVWRXVOHVIDFLªVGXJURXSHGH)RQWERXLVVH6DIU«TXHQFHVXUOHV SHWLWVYDVHV¢FDUªQHGRXFHRX¢SDQVHUHQIO«HSRXUUDLW¬WUHXQHDXWUHFDUDFW«ULVWLTXH GXIDFLªVK«UDXOWDLV 185 $LQVL  FHW  HQVHPEOH  F«UDPLTXH  YLHQW  FRQILUPHU  QRV  SU«F«GHQWHV  REVHUYDWLRQV  VXU  OD SDUWLWLRQ  GX  FRPSOH[H  IRQWEX[LHQ  HQ  IDFLªV  PLFURU«JLRQDX[  *XWKHU]b   &HWWH SDUWLWLRQGRLWFHUWDLQHPHQWWUDGXLUHXQHIL[DWLRQWHUULWRULDOHIRUWHGHFRPPXQDXW«V ELHQ  DGDSW«HV  ¢  OɛHQYLURQQHPHQW  ORFDO  GRQW  HOOHV  WLUDLHQW  SDUWLH  DX  PLHX[  &HWWH PRVD±TXHGHFRPPXQDXW«VDWWDFK«HV¢OHXUWHUULWRLUHQɛHVWSDVPRLQVPDUTX«HSDUXQH ODUJHFRK«VLRQFXOWXUHOOHTXLVɛH[SULPH¢WUDYHUVGHVPRGªOHVDUFKLWHFWXUDX[ ODPDLVRQ IRQWEX[LHQQH HWXQIRQGFRPPXQGHWHFKQLTXHVHWPRWLIVRUQHPHQWDX[DSSOLTX«DX[ SURGXFWLRQVF«UDPLTXHVHWXWLOLV«DYHFGHVQXDQFHVORFDOHV b 137 2.2. 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Répartition par groupes pétrographiques 191 /HVQXP«URVGɛLGHQWLILFDWLRQGHVYDVHV Y FRUUHVSRQGHQW¢ODQXP«URWDWLRQDGRSW«H GDQVOHFKDSLWUHSU«F«GHQWbOHVHFRQGFKLIIUHFRUUHVSRQGDXQXP«URGɛLGHQWLILFDWLRQ GHVWHVVRQVVXUOHVUHOHY«VGHIRXLOOH b Groupe 1A 192 ɘb3¤WHYDFXRODLUH¢VWUXFWXUHSOXVRXPRLQVFRUG«H 193 ɘb'«JUDLVVDQWDERQGDQW¢VSHFWUHJUDQXORP«WULTXH«WHQGXbSHWLWVJUXPHDX[GɛDUJLOLWH HWSLVROLWHVRSDTXHVbILQVG«EULVGHTXDUW] ¢FDUDFWªUHGHOLPRQILQ TXHOTXHVJURV JUDLQV  URQGV  TXDUW]RɖIHOGVSDWKLTXHVb  JUDLQV  «PRXVV«V  ¢  DUURQGLV  WUªV  DOW«U«V  GH FDOFDLUHVFULVWDOOLQVRXPLFULWLTXHVDYHFSU«VHQFHGDQVFHUWDLQVFDVHQP«ODQJHGH FDOFLWHGHJURWWH¢G«ELWDSSDUHPPHQWQDWXUHO 194 Cabane 1bɘbbYDVHVb YɖYɖYbɖYɖYɖYɖYɖYɖYɖYɖ 195 Locus 1 ɘbbYDVHVb YɖYɖYɖYɖYɖYɖYɖYɖ 196 Structure 5bɘbbYDVHb YɖEDVH b Groupe 1B 197 &HJURXSHHVWXQHYDULDQWHGXJURXSHb$GDQVODTXHOOHODIUDFWLRQTXDUW]HXVHHVWSOXV DERQGDQWHDYHFXQHJUDQXORP«WULHSOXVLPSRUWDQWH 198 Cabane 1 ɘbbYDVHb Yɖ 199 Locus 1bɘbbYDVHb Yɖ 139 b Groupe 1C 200 &HJURXSHHVW«JDOHPHQWXQHYDULDQWHGHJURXSHbb$GRQWLOFRQVWLWXHXQWHUPHWUªV SDXYUHHQG«JUDLVVDQW 201 Cabane 1 – bYDVHVb YɖYɖ 202 Structure 5 –bbYDVHb Yɖ b Groupe 2 203 ɘb3¤WHYDFXRODLUH¢VWUXFWXUHSOXVRXPRLQVFRUG«H ɘb'«JUDLVVDQWDERQGDQWPDLVDEVHQFHSUHVTXHFRPSOªWHGHTXDUW] ɘb'«EULV  GH  FDOFDLUHV  FULVWDOOLQV  RX  PLFULWLTXHV  DYHF  WUDFHV  GH  FDOFLWH  GH  JURWWH  ¢ VWUXFWXUHUDGLD[LDOH ɘb'«EULVGHGRORPLHVFULVWDOOLQHV SDUIRLV¢Cloudy Center  ɘb4XHOTXHV  JUXPHDX[  GɛDUJLOLWH  HW  SU«VHQFH  IU«TXHQWH  GH  JUDLQV  GH  JODXFRQLWH SHOOHWR±GH 204 Cabane 1 ‑bbYDVHVb YɖYɖ 205 Locus 1bɖbbYDVHVb YbɖYɖYɖYɖYɖb YDVHG«IRUP«  b 2.3. Étude du mobilier de broyage (cabane 1 et locus 1) 206 /H PDW«ULHO GH EUR\DJH «WXGL« SURYLHQW GX VHFWHXU RXHVW 1H VRQW FRQFHUQ«V TXH OD FDEDQHbbHWOHORFXVbODVWUXFWXUHbQɛD\DQWOLYU«DXFXQGRFXPHQWGHFHWRUGUH$SUªV XQLQYHQWDLUHGXPDW«ULHOHWVDGHVFULSWLRQSK\VLTXHQRXVH[DPLQHURQVVDU«SDUWLWLRQ GDQVOHVXQLW«VGRPHVWLTXHV b 2.3.1. Inventaire (fig. 56 et 57) 140 207 /HV PHXOHV GRXWHXVHV VRQW GHV EORFV GH SRXGLQJXH WUªV G«JUDG«V SDU OɛLQFHQGLH TXL G«WUXLVLWOɛKDELWDWPDLVTXHOɛRQSHXWDVVLPLOHUDX[PHXOHVSDUOHXUIRUPHJ«Q«UDOHHWOD QDWXUHGHODURFKH/ɛREMHWG«QRPP«mbPHXOHRXPROHWWHb}HVWXQIUDJPHQWGɛXQHSLªFH HQSRXGLQJXHSRUWDQWXQHVXUIDFHGHEUR\DJHSODQH$XFXQ«O«PHQWQHSHUPHWGHOH UDQJHUGDQVXQHGHVFDW«JRULHVW\SRORJLTXHVWRXWHIRLVODVXUIDFHSODQHXV«HDWWHVWH TXɛLOVɛDJLWGɛXQRXWLOGHEUR\DJH ● Fig. 56 – Inventaire descriptif du matériel de broyage dans la cabane 1. ● Fig. 57 – Inventaire descriptif du matériel de broyage dans le locus 1. b 2.3.2. Nature et origine des matériaux 208 /HV  SLªFHV  GRUPDQWHV  HW  OHV  PROHWWHV  FRQYH[HV  VRQW  HQ  SRXGLQJXH  GX  /XW«WLHQ  TXL DIIOHXUHGDQVODG«SUHVVLRQGH&DQWDJULOVGLVWDQWHGHbbPGXVLWH/HVEUR\HXUVHWOHV PROHWWHVGHFRQFDVVDJHVRQWGHVJDOHWVGHTXDUW]LWHRXGHJUªVILQ b 141 2.3.3. Description du matériel (fig. 58 à 61) 2.3.3.1. Les pièces dormantes (fig. 58 et 59) 209 'RX]HPHXOHVRQW«W«PLVHVDXMRXU/HXUVIRUPHVHQSODQVRQWLUU«JXOLªUHVSOXVRX PRLQVRYDODLUHV/HXUVVHFWLRQVVRQWVXEUHFWDQJXODLUHVRXSODQRɖFRQYH[HV/HVERUGV VRQWU«JXODULV«VSDUERXFKDUGDJH/HVVXUIDFHVGɛDSSXLLUU«JXOLªUHVSU«VHQWHQWPDOJU« WRXW  XQ  SODQ  J«Q«UDO  TXL  SHUPHW  OD  VWDELOLW«  GHV  SLªFHV  8QH  PHXOH  GX  ORFXV  FDUU« $1b  SRVVªGH  XQH  VXUIDFH  QRQ  DFWLYH  IRUWHPHQW  FRQYH[H  HW  SLTXHW«  &HFL  GHYDLW REOLJHU¢ODFDOHUSHXWɖ¬WUHSDUGHVFDLOORX[RXELHQHQODFKDXVVDQWGDQVODWHUUHSRXU ODUHQGUHVWDEOH/HVPHXOHVVRQWWRXWHVGHJUDQGHVGLPHQVLRQVDYHFGHVORQJXHXUV «JDOHVRXVXS«ULHXUHV¢bFP(OOHVVRQWWRXWHVDXVVLPDVVLYHVSXLVTXHSOXVLHXUVRQW GHV«SDLVVHXUVG«SDVVDQWODUJHPHQWbbFP ● Fig. 58 – Secteur ouest. Meules – 1. Cabane 1, AJ 27 no 136. Meule plane, travail en percussion lancée au centre – 2. Locus 1, AN 22 no 2 bis. Meule concave. 142 ● Fig. 59 – Secteur ouest. Meules – 1. Cabane 1, AJ 28 no 17. Meule plane, surface piquetée – 2. Locus 1, AN 22 no 3 et 4. Meule plane, traces de percussion au centre – 3. Locus 1, AP 25 no 1137. Meule convexe. 210 /HVIDFHVGHEUR\DJHRQWGHVDVSHFWVYDUL«VPDOJU«XQHDOW«UDWLRQIU«TXHQWHHWOɛHPSORL GɛXQHP¬PHURFKHSRXUWRXWHVOHVSLªFHV6L[PHXOHVRQWGHVIDFHVGHWUDYDLOSODQHVHW GHX[VRQWO«JªUHPHQWFRQYH[HV'HX[PHXOHVRQWGHVVXUIDFHVWUªVDOW«U«HV/DSU«VHQFH GH  VXUIDFHV  SODQHV  HW  P¬PH  FRQYH[HV  GRQQH  OɛLPSUHVVLRQ  GH  SLªFHV  GRUPDQWHV  TXL DXUDLHQW«W«XWLOLV«HVUHODWLYHPHQWSHXGHWHPSVHQWUHOHXUIDEULFDWLRQHWOHXUDEDQGRQ /HVSODQVGHWUDYDLOGɛXQHPHXOHSODQHHWGɛXQHPHXOHFRQFDYHVRQWSROLV/HVDXWUHV SLªFHV  RQW  WRXWHV  GHV  VXUIDFHV  SLTXHW«HV  SOXV  RX  PRLQV  XV«HV  4XDWUH  PHXOHV  WURLV SODQHVHWXQHFRQFDYHSRUWHQWDXFHQWUHGHOHXUVIDFHVDFWLYHVGHVWUDFHVGHSHUFXVVLRQV TXL  RQW  SURYRTX«  GHV  SHWLWHV  G«SUHVVLRQV  LUU«JXOLªUHV  8QH  GɛHQWUH  HOOHV  $-bb VHPEOH  P¬PH  QɛDYRLU  VHUYL  TXɛ¢  XQ  WUDYDLO  HIIHFWX«  HQ  SHUFXVVLRQ  ODQF«H SHUSHQGLFXODLUH/HVPHXOHVRQWGRQF«W«HPSOR\«HVSRXUXQWUDYDLOQ«FHVVLWDQWXQH DFWLRQGHIURWWHPHQW FRQFDYLW«HWDSSDULWLRQGɛXQSROL HWXQHDFWLRQGHSHUFXVVLRQ ODQF«H b 2.3.3.2. Les pièces actives (fig. 60) 211 7URLVIUDJPHQWVGHPROHWWHVRQW«W«G«FRXYHUWVGDQVODFDEDQHGRQWGHX[SRXUUDLHQW DSSDUWHQLU¢ODP¬PHSLªFHPDLVQHVHUDFFRUGHQWSDV $Ob (OOHVRQWGHVVHFWLRQV SLDQRɖFRQYH[HV/HVERUGVHWOHVVXUIDFHVQRQDFWLYHVVRQWVRLJQHXVHPHQWERXFKDUG«V /HVPROHWWHVRQWXQH«SDLVVHXUGHbb¢bbFPDXFHQWUHHWGHVIDFHVQRQDFWLYHVIRUWHPHQW FRQYH[HV  TXL  SHUPHWWHQW  OHXU  ERQQH  SU«KHQVLRQ  /HV  IDFHV  GH  EUR\DJH  O«JªUHPHQW FRQYH[HVVRQWSROLHVVXUGHX[IUDJPHQWVHWSLTXHW«HVXV«HVVXUOHWURLVLªPH 143 ● Fig. 60 – Secteur ouest. Molettes – 1. Locus 1, AL 24 no 1. Molette convexe – 2. Locus 1, AM 24 no 72. Molette de concassage – 3. Cabane 1, AQ 29no 21. Broyeur – 4. Cabane 1, Al 27 no 5. Molette convexe – 5. Locus 1, AM 22 no 193. Molette de concassage – 6. Cabane 1, AK 28 no 2. Molette convexe – 7. Cabane 1, Al 27 no 2. Molette convexe – 8. Locus 1, AM 22 no 192. Molette de concassage – 9. Locus 1, AN 23 no 81. Molette de concassage – 10. Locus 1, AP 26 no 322. Broyeur. ● Fig. 61 – Graphe de répartition du matériel de broyage selon la longueur et la largeur des pièces. 144 212 4XDWUHPROHWWHVGHFRQFDVVDJHRQW«W«WURXY«HVGDQVOHORFXV&HVRQWGHVJDOHWVGɛXQH GL]DLQHGHFHQWLPªWUHVGHORQJ8QHGHOHXUVIDFHVHVWXV«HRXP¬PHSROLH7URLVGHV TXDWUHVSLªFHVSRUWHQWDXFHQWUHGHFHWWHIDFHGHVVWLJPDWHVGHSHUFXVVLRQODQF«HTXL IRUPHQW  XQH  SHWLWH  FXSXOH  GH  XQ  ¢  GHX[  FHQWLPªWUHV  GH  GLDPªWUH  SURIRQGH  DX PD[LPXPGɛXQPLOOLPªWUH&HVJDOHWVSU«VHQWHQWDXVVLGHVWUDFHVGHSHUFXVVLRQVXU OɛXQHRXOHVGHX[H[WU«PLW«VDLQVLTXHSRXUGHX[GɛHQWUHHX[VXUOHVSRXUWRXUV/HV PROHWWHVGHFRQFDVVDJHVRQWGRQFGHVRXWLOVTXLDVVRFLHQWOHVSRVVLELOLW«VGHEUR\HUSDU IURWWHPHQWHWSDUSHUFXVVLRQ 213 &LQTEUR\HXUVRQW«W«G«FRXYHUWVGDQVODFDEDQHHWGHX[GDQVOHORFXV&HVRQWGHV JDOHWVGHbb¢bbFPGHORQJ,OVSU«VHQWHQWXQLTXHPHQWGHVWUDFHVGHSHUFXVVLRQVXU OɛXQHRXOHVGHX[H[WU«PLW«VHWSRXUGHX[SLªFHVVXUOHXUSRXUWRXU/HVDXWUHVIDFHV UHVWHQWFRUWLFDOHV&HVREMHWVWUªVUXGLPHQWDLUHVRQWSXDYRLUGHVXVDJHVPXOWLSOHVPDLV OHVWUDFHVGHSHUFXVVLRQOHVUDSSURFKHQWGHVPROHWWHVGHFRQFDVVDJH b 2.3.4. 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Détermination des vestiges fauniques 222 /HVYHVWLJHVIDXQLTXHVG«WHUPLQ«VSURYLHQQHQWGXVHFWHXURXHVWbFDEDQHbORFXVbbHW VWUXFWXUHb b 2.4.1. Cabane 1 223 $1b5HObXQIUDJPHQWGHPRODLUHLQI«ULHXUHGHFHUI $1bbXQSHWLWIUDJPHQWGHPRODLUHGHFHUI $1bbWUHL]HIUDJPHQWVGHPDQGLEXOHGɛOvis‑CapraFRPSOªWHPHQWEU½O«V $1b5HObGHX[IUDJPHQWVGHPDQGLEXOHGɛOvis‑CapraFRPSOªWHPHQWEU½O«V $-bbXQIUDJPHQWGHGHQWGɛKHUELYRUH $.bbFR[DOPLFURIDXQH $1bbTXDWULªPHSU«PRODLUHODFW«DOHLQI«ULHXUHGURLWHGɛOvis‑Capra $3bbWURLVLªPHPRODLUHLQI«ULHXUHJDXFKHGɛ¤QH " &HWWHGHQWSURYLHQWGɛXQQLYHDX VXSHUILFLHODX[DERUGVGɛXQHVRXFKHGHFK¬QHYHUW6RQDSSDUWHQDQFH¢OɛRFFXSDWLRQ FKDOFROLWKLTXHHVWSOXVTXɛLQFHUWDLQH b 2.4.2. Locus 1 224 $0b5HObXQIUDJPHQWLQG«WHUPLQ« $1bbXQIUDJPHQWWUªVEU½O«LQG«WHUPLQ« $3bUHObXQIUDJPHQWLQG«WHUPLQ« $0bbXQIUDJPHQWGHPRODLUHLQG«WHUPLQ« $3bbXQIUDJPHQWLQG«WHUPLQ« $2bbXQIUDJPHQWGHF¶WHEU½O«HGHSHWLWKHUELYRUH Ovis‑Caprab"  $1b5HObXQIUDJPHQWGHGHQWb" b 2.4.3. Structure 5 225 8QIUDJPHQWGɛRVEU½O« b 2.5. Étude sur l’origine de la mauvaise conservation d’une partie du mobilier et sur l’absence d’ossements 226 /HEXWGHFHWWH«WXGHHVWGɛDQDO\VHUOHU¶OH«YHQWXHOGXVROVXUOɛDEVHQFHGɛRVVHPHQWVHW VXU  OH  PDXYDLV  «WDW  GH  FRQVHUYDWLRQ  GH  OD  EDVH  GHV  U«FLSLHQWV  HQ  F«UDPLTXH  HW  GH FHUWDLQHVPHXOHVSURYHQDQWGHODFDEDQHbbHWGXORFXVbVHFWHXURXHVWGH%RXVVDUJXHV 147 b 2.5.1. Origine et nature du sol 227 5HPRQWRQVOɛ«FKHOOHJ«RORJLTXHHWUHSOD©RQVQRXV¢ODILQGX7HUWLDLUHHWDXG«EXWGX 4XDWHUQDLUHYHUVbbPLOOLRQVGɛDQQ«HVHQYLURQ$FHWWH«SRTXHOH0DVVLIFHQWUDO«WDLW UHFRXYHUWSDUXQHFDUDSDFHODW«ULWLTXH/ɛ«URVLRQHWOHWUDQVSRUWSDUOHVHDX[GHSOXLH DERQGDQWHV  HQ  FOLPDW  WURSLFDO  DPHQªUHQW  OHV  DOOXYLRQV  MXVTXH  GDQV  OD  U«JLRQ  GHV JDUULJXHV&HOOHVɖFLUHPSOLUHQWHWUHFRXYULUHQWOɛHQVHPEOHGXNDUVWTXLVɛ\WURXYDLW&H QɛHVWTXHELHQSOXVWDUGTXɛXQHQRXYHOOH«URVLRQSHUPLWGHYRLUU«DSSDUD°WUHFHNDUVW IRVVLOHHWOHVROURXJHFDUDFW«ULVWLTXHDSSHO«WHUUDURVVDFRPPHRQSHXWOHYRLUVXUOH VLWHP¬PHGH%RXVVDUJXHV 228 /ɛ«YROXWLRQXOW«ULHXUHGHFHNDUVWHVWS«GRJ«Q«WLTXHHWGLIIªUHGHFHOOHGHVRQFRXVLQOH NDUVWD«ULHQSDUOɛDEVHQFHGHFXSXOHVULJROHVHWDXWUHVFDQQHOXUHVGHVXUIDFHGXHV¢OD GLVVROXWLRQ  SDU  OHV  HDX[  GH  UXLVVHOOHPHQW  /H  VRO  DFWXHO  GH  %RXVVDUJXHV  HW  GH  VHV HQYLURQVHVWXQVRODUJLOHX[URXJHD\DQWSRXURULJLQHXQSDO«RVROODW«ULWLTXH b 2.5.2. Étude et rôle des principaux facteurs édaphiques 229 /HV  SULQFLSDX[  IDFWHXUV  SULV  HQ  FRPSWH  VRQW  OD  QDWXUH  GX  VRO  HW  OH  S+  DLQVL  TXH  OD WHPS«UDWXUHHWOɛKXPLGLW« OL«HDXFOLPDW  b 2.5.2.1. Nature du sol 230 1RXVOɛDYRQVYXFɛHVWXQVROURXJHDUJLOHX[ FRQVWLWX«GHSOXVGHbbGɛDUJLOHV TXL GHYUDLW¬WUHQRUPDOHPHQWXQERQPLOLHXGHFRQVHUYDWLRQ b 2.5.2.2. Le pH du sol 231 8QFHUWDLQQRPEUHGHSU«OªYHPHQWVGHVRORQW«W«HIIHFWX«VVXUOɛHQVHPEOHGXVLWHGH %RXVVDUJXHV  fig. 62  HW  FHFL  ¢  GLII«UHQWHV  SURIRQGHXUV  GH  PDQLªUH  ¢  GLVSRVHU  GɛXQ «FKDQWLOORQQDJHOHSOXVODUJHSRVVLEOH 148 ● Fig. 62 – Localisation des prélèvements d’échantillons de sol pour la mesure du pH. 232 /HV  PHVXUHV  U«DOLV«HV  ¢  OɛDLGH  GɛXQ  S+  PªWUH  XWLOLVDQW  XQ  FRORUDQW  VS«FLILTXH  GHV GLII«UHQWV  GHJU«V  GɛDFLGLW«  GH  Oɛ«FKHOOH  GHV  S+  QRXV  GRQQHQW  XQ  S+  YRLVLQ  GHb O«JªUHPHQWDFLGHSRXUOɛHQVHPEOHGHV«FKDQWLOORQVTXHOVTXHVRLHQWOHXUSURIRQGHXUHW OHOLHXGHSU«OªYHPHQW 233 2QSHXWFRQFOXUH¢FHVWDGHTXHOHS+GRQFOɛDFLGLW«QHVHPEOHSDV¬WUHUHVSRQVDEOHGX PDXYDLV«WDWGHFRQVHUYDWLRQGXPRELOLHUVHWURXYDQW¢ODEDVHGHVFRXFKHV(QHIIHWXQ S+  QHXWUH  YRLUH  O«JªUHPHQW  DFLGH  WRXW  DX  ORQJ  GX  SURILO  DXUDLW  OHV  P¬PHV FRQV«TXHQFHVVXUOHVSDUWLHVKDXWHVHWEDVVHVbWHOQɛHVWSDVOHFDVSRXUODFRQVHUYDWLRQ GXPRELOLHU 234 3DU  FRQWUH  FHV  REVHUYDWLRQV  QH  VXIILVHQW  SDV  ¢  H[SOLTXHU  OHV  UDLVRQV  GH  OɛDEVHQFH GɛRVVHPHQWV3RXUFHODLOPɛD«W«GRQQ«ODSRVVLELOLW«GHPHVXUHUOHS+GDQVOHVROGɛXQ SHWLWGROPHQ¢9LROVɖOHɖ)RUW +«UDXOW DLQVLTXɛDXYLOODJHFKDOFROLWKLTXHGH&DPERXV¢ 9LROVɖHQɖ/DYDO +«UDXOW &HVGHX[VLWHVGRQQHQWXQS+LGHQWLTXHGHOɛRUGUHGHbYRLUH O«JªUHPHQWDFLGH/ɛLQW«U¬WVHWURXYHGDQVODSU«VHQFHGHQRPEUHX[RVVHPHQWVVXUFHV GHX[  VLWHV  /H  S+  HW  OH  VRO  «WDQW  LGHQWLTXHV  DLQVL  TXH  OH  FOLPDW   LO  HQ  U«VXOWH  TXH OɛDEVHQFHGɛRVVHPHQWV¢%RXVVDUJXHVSURYLHQWGɛXQHDXWUHFDXVHOL«HSUREDEOHPHQW¢OD QDWXUHGHVDFWLYLW«VDQWKURSLTXHVRX¢GHVFLUFRQVWDQFHVSDUWLFXOLªUHV b 2.5.2.3. Température du sol 235 1RXVDOORQVPDLQWHQDQWDQDO\VHUOɛ«YROXWLRQGHODWHPS«UDWXUHGXVROHQIRQFWLRQGHOD SURIRQGHXUDXFRXUVGɛXQHMRXUQ«HGɛKLYHUHQFOLPDWP«VRɖP«GLWHUUDQ«HQ ODVWDWLRQ FRQVLG«U«HVHWURXYHSUªVGXYLOODJHGH0RQWRXOLHXGDQVOɛ+«UDXOW  fig. 63 2QSHXW FRQVWDWHU  TXH  OHV  YDULDWLRQV  WKHUPLTXHV  VRQW  LPSRUWDQWHV  ¢  OD  VXUIDFH  GX  VRO  (Q SURIRQGHXUOHVYDULDWLRQVVRQWWUªVIDLEOHVYRLUHQXOOHV&HQHVRQWGRQFSDVOHV«FDUWV 149 WKHUPLTXHV  TXL  VRQW  UHVSRQVDEOHV  GX  PDXYDLV  «WDW  GH  FRQVHUYDWLRQ  GɛXQH  SDUWLH  GX PRELOLHU F«UDPLTXHVPHXOHV HQSURIRQGHXU ● Fig. 63 – Variations thermiques sur 24 heures à différents niveaux de profondeur du sol dans une station de la garrigue (Montoulieu, Hérault). (Relevés L. Damais.) Température prise à : 1, 1 m de profondeur, 2, 10 cm de profondeur ; 3, surface. b 2.5.2.4. Humidité du sol 236 /ɛDQDO\VHGXFOLPDWRJUDPPH fig. 64 PRQWUHTXHOHFOLPDWP«VRɖP«GLWHUUDQ«HQHVW FDUDFW«ULV«SDUXQHVDLVRQVªFKHHQ«W« MXLOOHW HWSDUGHX[VDLVRQVKXPLGHV KLYHUHW DXWRPQH  GDQV  OD  U«JLRQ  GH  9LROVɖOHɖ)RUW  /HV  SU«FLSLWDWLRQV  VRQW  UHODWLYHPHQW  SHX DERQGDQWHVQ«DQPRLQV PRLQVGHbbPPGɛHDXHQVHSWHPEUHHWRFWREUHTXLVRQWOHV GHX[PRLVOHVSOXVKXPLGHV /HVTXDOLW«VGɛHQVROHLOOHPHQWSDUWLFXOLªUHVSURYRTXHQW XQH  «YDSRUDWLRQ  LPSRUWDQWH  GH  OɛHDX  ¢  OD  VXUIDFH  GX  VRO  /H  VRPPHW  GHV  FRXFKHV DUFK«RORJLTXHVHVWEHDXFRXSSOXV¢OɛDEULGHOɛHDXHWGHVRQDWWDTXH¢FDXVHGHVDIDLEOH DFLGLW«   150 ● Fig. 64 ‑ Climatogramme de l’arrière‑pays montpelliérain (d’après Dugrand 1963). 237 (QHIIHWOHVRODUJLOHX[HQSURIRQGHXUUHVWHEHDXFRXSSOXVORQJWHPSVKXPLGHHWOD IDLEOHDFLGLW«DXFRXUVGXWHPSVDWWDTXHHWGLVVRXWDXVVLELHQODVXUIDFHGXSDO«RNDUVW TXHOHG«JUDLVVDQWFDOFLTXHGHVF«UDPLTXHVRXOHFLPHQWFDOFDLUHGHVJU«VFRPSRVDQWOHV GLII«UHQWHVPHXOHV&HWWHG«VDJU«JDWLRQHVWWUªVOHQWHHWQHVɛHIIHFWXHTXɛDXFRXUVGHV SKDVHVOHVSOXVKXPLGHV&ɛHVWSRXUTXRLHOOHQɛDIIHFWHTXHODEDVHGXUHPSOLVVDJHHWQRQ OH  VRPPHW  &HOXLɖFL  HVW  UHODWLYHPHQW  SHX  DWWDTX«  GX  IDLW  GH  OɛDEVHQFH  GɛKXPLGLW« FRQVWDQWHWRXWDXORQJGHOɛDQQ«H b 2.5.3. Conclusion 238 &HV  REVHUYDWLRQV  QRXV  PRQWUHQW  TXH  FH  QH  VRQW  SDV  OHV  P¬PHV  FDXVHV  TXL  VRQW  ¢ OɛRULJLQH  GɛXQH  SDUW  GH  OɛDEVHQFH  GɛRVVHPHQWV  HW  GɛDXWUH  SDUW  GH  Oɛ«WDW  GH  PDXYDLVH FRQVHUYDWLRQGHVF«UDPLTXHVHQSURIRQGHXU 239 /DPDXYDLVHFRQVHUYDWLRQHQSURIRQGHXUHVWGXH¢OɛDFWLRQFRQMXJX«HGHOɛKXPLGLW« TXDVLɖFRQVWDQWHHWGHODIDLEOHDFLGLW«GXVRO¢FHVQLYHDX[&HFLSHUPHWOɛDWWDTXHHWOD GLVVROXWLRQGHV«O«PHQWVFDOFDLUHVVɛ\WURXYDQW/ɛDEVHQFHGɛRVVHPHQWVVXUOHVLWHQɛHVW SDVGXH¢OɛDFWLRQGXVROPDLVSUREDEOHPHQW¢XQHSUDWLTXHDOLPHQWDLUHSDUWLFXOLªUHRX ¢XQHXWLOLVDWLRQQHIDLVDQWSDVLQWHUYHQLUVXUFHVOLHX[ODSU«VHQFHGɛDQLPDX[¢PRLQV TXH  FHWWH  UDUHW«  QH  WUDGXLVH  VLPSOHPHQW  FRPPH  GɛDXWUHV  «O«PHQWV  OH  IDLW  TXH  FHV VWUXFWXUHV  RQW  «W«  XWLOLV«HV  SHX  GH  WHPSV  HW  DEDQGRQQ«HV  EUXWDOHPHQW  ,O  VHPEOH GɛDSUªV  GHV  GRQQ«HV  HWKQRJUDSKLTXHV  TXH  VHXOHV  OHV  PDLVRQV  DEDQGRQQ«HV  VRQW XWLOLV«HV  FRPPH  SRXEHOOHV  FHOOHV  HQFRUH  RFFXS«HV  «WDQW  U«JXOLªUHPHQW  YLG«HV  GHV G«FKHWVDOLPHQWDLUHV,OUHVWHUDLW¢G«FRXYULUVXUOHVLWHOHVY«ULWDEOHVG«SRWRLUV b 151 2.6. Fruits et graines 2.6.1. Présentation du matériel étudié 240 /ɛ«FKDQWLOORQQDJH  GH  IUXLWV  HW  JUDLQHV  «WXGL«V  SURYLHQW  GH  OɛKDELWDW  FKDOFROLWKLTXH FHLQWXU«GH%RXVVDUJXHVVXUXQVROGHODSLD]UHFRXYHUWSDUOHVDUJLOHVURXJHVTXLRQW FROPDW«  OH  VLWH  &HUWDLQV  «FKDQWLOORQV  SURYLHQQHQW  GH  WDPLVDJH  ¢  OɛHDX  'ɛXQH  ID©RQ J«Q«UDOHOHV«FKDQWLOORQVUH©XVFRPSRUWHQWGHVUHVWHVJ«Q«UDOHPHQWSHXDERQGDQWV VDXI  SRXU  OHV  IUXLWV  Gɛ$UERXVLHU  WUªV  GLII«UHQWV  OHV  XQV  GHV  DXWUHV  GDQV  XQ  P¬PH «FKDQWLOORQ FKDTXHUHVWH«WDQWXQLTXHHWQHSRXYDQW¬WUHFRPSDU«DX[DXWUHVUHVWHV GXP¬PH«FKDQWLOORQVLELHQTXHODGLDJQRVHPDQTXHGHPR\HQVGHFRPSDUDLVRQSRXU IL[HUOHVFDUDFWªUHVGHG«WHUPLQDWLRQFKDFXQGHFHVFDUDFWªUHVH[LJHDQWOɛH[DPHQGH SOXVLHXUVH[HPSODLUHV 241 'HSOXVFHUWDLQV«O«PHQWVWHUUHX[SHXYHQWVLPXOHUGHVJUDLQHVRXGHVIUXLWVDORUVTXɛLO QHVɛDJLWTXHGɛDJU«JDWVJUXPHOHX[TXLVɛHIIRQGUHQWORUVTXɛRQOHVSUHVVHVRXVODSLQFH RX  OH  VFDOSHO  ,O  HQ  HVW  GH  P¬PH  DYHF  FHUWDLQV  «O«PHQWV  SHWLWV  QRLUV  VLPXODQW  GHV JUDLQHVFDUERQLV«HVbPDLVDSUªVQHWWR\DJHLOVDSSDUDLVVHQWSOXVEULOODQWVU«VLVWHQW¢OD SUHVVLRQGHVGRLJWVHWVɛDYªUHQWLQV«FDEOHV,OVɛDJLWGHSHWLWVFDLOORX[LQHUWHV b 2.6.2. Boussargues 1985. Locus 1. Graines 242 /ɛ«FKDQWLOORQFRQWLHQWb ɢbJUDLQVGHTriticum aestivo‑compactum6FKLHPb%O«WHQGUHFRPSDFWbGHX[VHXOHPHQWVRQW HQWLHUVHWPHVXUDEOHVb/[,[Kbb[bb[bbPPHWb[bb[bbPPbLOVɛDJLWGRQFGHJUDLQV FRXUWVHWDUURQGLVb ɢJUDLQHV  O«JªUHPHQW  DSODWLHV  GɛXQ  GLDPªWUH  GHbbPP  HQYLURQ  SRXU  GHX[  GɛHQWUH  HOOHV  OD WURLVLªPHO«JªUHPHQWDOORQJ«HbOHXUVLOKRXHWWHUDSSHOOHFHOOHGHFHUWDLQHVO«JXPLQHXVHV " PDLVOHXU]RQHKLORɖPLFURSK\ODLUHHVWWUªVDE°P«Hb ɢKXLWUHVWHVLQG«WHUPLQDEOHV JUDLQHVb" P¬O«V¢GHQRPEUHX[G«EULVK«W«URJªQHVGHJUDLQHV UHSU«VHQW«HV  SDU  OHXUV  W«JXPHQWV  H[WHUQHV  «YRTXDQW  GHV  IRUPHV  SOXV  RX  PRLQV K«PLVSK«ULTXHVIDLVDQWVXSSRVHUOɛH[LVWHQFHGHGLDPªWUHVGHbb¢bbPPDXPD[LPXPSRXU OɛREMHWLQLWLDOb ɢG«EULVFDUERQLV«VHQURE«VGDQVXQHFRXFKHEUXQɖURXJH b 2.6.3. Boussargues 1985. Locus 1. Fruits ? 243 ,OVɛDJLWHQHIIHWGHIUXLWVEULV«VGHJuniperus sp *HQ«YULHU VRLWJuniperus oxycedrusYDU macrocarpaVRLW Juniperus communis,OVVRQWDFFRPSDJQ«VGHG«EULVFKDUERQQHX[GH FRXOHXUEUXQURXJH¤WUH¢OɛH[W«ULHXUHWFRXOHXUGHFKDUERQ¢OɛLQW«ULHXUSURYHQDQWGH IUXLWVDQDORJXHV/HVGLPHQVLRQVGHFHVG«EULVSHUPHWWHQWGHVXSSRVHUGHVGLDPªWUHVGH IUXLWV  RULJLQDX[  DXWRXU  GHbbPP  2Q  QRWH  OD  SU«VHQFH  GDQV  GHV  ORJHV  GHV  SDUWLHV LQW«ULHXUHVGHFKDUERQVGHIRUPHWULTXªWUH&HVRQWOHVUHVWHVGHJUDLQHVFRQWHQXHV GDQV  OHV  IUXLWV  JDOEXOHV  GH  JHQ«YULHUV  JUDLQHV  FDUERQLV«HV  PHVXUDQWb  Kb bbPP  , bbPPTXLFRQILUPHQWODGLDJQRVH b 152 2.6.4. Boussargues 1984. Locus 1. Graines, Fruits 244 /HSUHPLHU«FKDQWLOORQFRQWLHQWbbREMHWVSOXVRXPRLQVIUDJLOHVOHVXQVFKDUERQQHX[ OHVDXWUHVSOXVWHUUHX[UHVVHPEODQWSDUOHXUVIRUPHVHWOHXUVGLPHQVLRQVDX[SDUWLHV S«ULSK«ULTXHVGHIUXLWV " LPSRVVLEOHV¢G«WHUPLQHU 245 /HVHFRQG«FKDQWLOORQFRQWLHQWGHQRPEUHX[G«EULVGɛDSSDUHQFHWHUUHXVHEUXQɖURXJH¢ OɛH[W«ULHXUHWFKDUERQQHX[¢OɛLQW«ULHXU&RPPHSU«F«GHPPHQWLOVɛDJLWVDQVGRXWHGH G«EULV  GH  IUXLWV  GH  Juniperus sp  &HSHQGDQW  GDQV  Oɛ«FKDQWLOORQ  ILJXUHQW  DXVVL  GHV mbREMHWVb}QRLUVFDUERQLV«VUHVVHPEODQW¢GHVJUDLQHVGHO«JXPLQHXVHV " (QRXWUH XQH  SDUWLH  GH  FHV  REMHWV  PDOJU«  OHXU  FRXOHXU  QRLUH  QH  VRQW  SDV  GHV  JUDLQHV FDUERQLV«HVb HOOHV U«VLVWHQW ¢ OD SUHVVLRQ GHV SLQFHV ¢ GLVVHFWLRQ HW VH FRXSHQW WUªV GLIILFLOHPHQWDXVFDOSHOGRQWHOOHVDE°PHQWOHWUDQFKDQW FISU«VHQWDWLRQGXPDW«ULHO FLɖGHVVXV /HXULQW«ULHXUVXUODVHFWLRQDSSDUD°WUHPSOLGHWHUUHURXJH WHUUHFXLWH  b 2.6.5. Boussargues. Séries de fruits et de graines 2.6.5.1. Cabane 1. AP32, AQ 32, fruits 246 &HW  «FKDQWLOORQ  FRPSRUWH  XQLTXHPHQW  GHV  IUXLWV  Gɛ$UERXVLHU  Arbutus unedo /LQ FDUERQLV«V bIUXLWV VRQW HQWLHUV HW PHVXUHQWb '  bPP K  bbPPb '  bbPP K  bPPb' bbPPK bbPP/HVDXWUHVH[HPSODLUHVVRQWWUªVG«IRUP«VRXLQFRPSOHWV HWU«GXLWV¢Oɛ«WDWGHIUDJPHQWVVRLWbbUHVWHVSURYHQDQWGɛXQQRPEUHGHIUXLWVTXɛRQQH SHXWDSSU«FLHU6XUFHUWDLQVH[HPSODLUHVRQSHXWDSHUFHYRLUOHSRLQWGɛLQVHUWLRQGX S«GRQFXOH6XUFHUWDLQHVFDVVXUHVRQSHXWGLVWLQJXHUOHVYLGHVODLVV«VSDUOHVJUDLQHV b 2.6.5.2. Boussargues 1985. Locus 1. Graines 247 3DUPLVHSWG«EULVVHWURXYHXQH[HPSODLUHSOXVJURVDX[FRQWRXUVWRXUPHQW«V bPP SRXUODSOXVJUDQGHGLPHQVLRQ GHFRORUDWLRQQRLUURXJH¤WUHPDUTX«GɛXQHG«SUHVVLRQ UHSU«VHQWDQW  SHXWɖ¬WUH  OɛLPSUHVVLRQ  HPSUHLQWH  ODLVV«H  SDU  XQH  JUDLQH  RX  XQ  IUXLW DOORQJ« bRXbPP )LJXUHQW«JDOHPHQWOHVUHVWHVGHbbJUDLQHV " bOɛXQSHXW¬WUHXQ JUDLQEULV«HQWUDYHUVGHVRQPLOLHXSRUWDQWXQVLOORQVXUVDIDFHYHQWUDOHWDQGLVTXH VXUFHTXLVHUDLWVDIDFHGRUVDOHVHYRLWODWUDFHGɛXQJHUPHWUªVREOLTXH " /DORQJXHXU GH  FH  UHVWH  HVW  GHbbPP  /ɛDXWUH  HVW  XQ  JUDLQ  Gɛ2UJH  /b[bOb[bKb bb[bb[bbPP   /HV WURXYDLOOHV  SHX  W\SLTXHV  LVRO«HV  UHVWHQW  WRXMRXUV  VXMHWWHV  ¢  FDXWLRQ  DX  FRXUV  GHV G«WHUPLQDWLRQVbORUVTXɛHOOHVVRQWQRPEUHXVHVGDQVXQP¬PH«FKDQWLOORQOHGHJU«GH FHUWLWXGHGHYLHQWVXS«ULHXU b 2.6.6. Boussargues 1985. Locus 1. Graines 248 /ɛ«FKDQWLOORQFRQWLHQWb ɢGHQRPEUHXVHVJUDLQHVGLII«UHQWHVOHVXQHVGHVDXWUHVPDLVLQG«WHUPLQDEOHVVDQVFDUDFWªUH GHGLDJQRVHDSSDUHQWb ɢGHVJUDLQHVGH/RWLHUFRUQLFXO« Lotus comiculatus/ b ɢGHQRPEUHX[SHWLWVIUDJPHQWVFDUERQLV«VSURYHQDQWGXPRLQVSRXUFHUWDLQVGHJUDLQHVb ɢGHVG«EULVGHFRXOHXUEUXQURXJH¤WUHGRQWOɛLQW«ULHXUFUHX[HVWQRLU FDUERQLV« bOHXUIRUPH WULTXªWUHUDSSHOOHOHVJUDLQHVFRQWHQXHV¢OɛLQW«ULHXUGHVJDOEXOHVGH*HQ«YULHU b 153 2.6.7. Boussargues. Cabane 1. AJ 29. Fruits. 249 ,OVɛDJLWGHGHX[IUXLWVOɛH[W«ULHXUHVWEUXQɖURXJH FRORU«SDUODWHUUHRXV«GLPHQWD\DQW VXELODFKDOHXU OɛLQW«ULHXUHVWFUHXV«GɛDOY«ROHVGRQWOHVSDURLVVRQWFDUERQLV«HVHWOH FHQWUH  SOXV  RX  PRLQV  UHPSOL  GH  FKDUERQ  &H  FKDUERQ  SURYLHQW  SHXWɖ¬WUH  GH  OD FDUERQLVDWLRQ  GHV  JUDLQHV  RFFXSDQW  OHV  DOY«ROHV  ,O  VɛDJLW  SUREDEOHPHQW  GH  IUXLWV  GH *HQ«YULHU K\SRWKªVH UHQGXH SRVVLEOH VL RQ VH U«IªUH DX[ WURXYDLOOHVb ORFXVb  FLɖGHVVXVHWORFXVb b 2.6.8. Locus 1. AO 23. Fruits 250 'HX[G«EULVSURYHQDQWGɛXQRXGHX[IUXLWVVSK«ULTXHVD\DQWODIRUPHGHGHX[FDORWWHV VSK«ULTXHV  '  b  ¢bbPP  DSSDUWLHQQHQW  VDQV  GRXWH  ¢  GHV  IUXLWV  GH  GLDPªWUH VXS«ULHXU/ɛXQHGHFHVGHX[FDORWWHVSRUWHODFLFDWULFHGɛXQS«GRQFXOH(QUDLVRQGHV REVHUYDWLRQVG«M¢IDLWHVVXUOHVIUXLWVGXORFXVbLOHVWSUREDEOHTXɛLOVɛDJLWHQFRUHGH *HQ«YULHU Juniperussp  b 2.6.9. 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Le secteur ouest interprétation des données 157 /ɛDUFKLWHFWXUH Jacques Coularou, Xavier Gutherz, Albert Colomer et Laurent Damais b 1.1. Observations sur le mode de couvrement (Cabane 1 et Locus 1 ) 1.1.1. Introduction 1 /DTXHVWLRQGXPRGHGHFRXYUHPHQWGHVVWUXFWXUHVIRXLOO«HVGDQVOHVHFWHXURXHVWGH %RXVVDUJXHVVɛHVWSU«VHQW«HGªVOHG«SDUWFRPPHXQSUREOªPHGLIILFLOHHQUDLVRQGHOD QDWXUHP¬PHGXVLWHR»HQOɛDEVHQFHGɛLQGLFHVLQVFULWVGDQVOHVV«GLPHQWVOHVVHXOHV LQIRUPDWLRQVSURYLHQQHQWGHV«O«PHQWVPLQ«UDX[HQSODFHRX«ERXO«V 2 'HSULPHDERUGLOFRQYHQDLWGHV«SDUHUOɛ«WXGHDUFKLWHFWXUDOHGHODVWUXFWXUHbbTXLSRVH GHVSUREOªPHVVS«FLILTXHVGHFHOOHGHOɛHQVHPEOHIRUP«SDUODFDEDQHbHWOHORFXVb /ɛLQWHUSU«WDWLRQ  TXH  QRXV  GRQQRQV  GH  OD  PRUSKRORJLH  RULJLQHOOH  GH  OD VWUXFWXUHbb FIb&RORPHU  ,,,  ib  HVW  «WURLWHPHQW  OL«H  ¢  Oɛ«WXGH  GɛHQVHPEOH  GHV VWUXFWXUHV  URQGHV  &DEDQH  HW  ORFXV  HQ  UHYDQFKH  SHXYHQW  ¬WUH  «WXGL«V  HQ  IDLVDQW U«I«UHQFH¢XQFHUWDLQQRPEUHGHWUDYDX[FRQGXLWVVXUGɛDXWUHVKDELWDWVIRQWEX[LHQV $XFXQH  FRPSDUDLVRQ  QɛHVW  HQ  HIIHW  SRVVLEOH  GDQV  OɛLPP«GLDW  VXU  OH  VLWH  OXLɖP¬PH SXLVTXH  OHV  DXWUHV  FDEDQHV  QɛRQW  SDV  HQFRUH  «W«  IRXLOO«HV  R»  QH  OɛRQW  «W«  TXH SDUWLHOOHPHQW FDEDQHb  b 1.1.2. Les lauzes de couverture 3 /HQHWWR\DJHGXFDLOORXWLVJ«OLY«VXSHUILFLHOIDLWGDQVWRXVOHVFDVDSSDUD°WUHXQHFRXFKH FRQVWLWX«HGHELRFDLOOHGɛRULJLQHORFDOHSURYHQDQWGHOɛ«ERXOHPHQWSURJUHVVLIGHVPXUV GHODFDEDQHHWGXORFXV'DQVOD]RQHVLWX«H¢ODS«ULSK«ULHLPP«GLDWHGHODVWUXFWXUHb OHV  JUDQGHV  GDOOHV  SURYHQDQW  GH  Oɛ«ERXOHPHQW  GH  FHWWH  FRQVWUXFWLRQ  RQW  ODUJHPHQW FRQWULEX«¢ODIRUPDWLRQGHFHV«ERXOLV,OHVW¢QRWHUTXHGDQVFHUWDLQHV]RQHVGHOD FDEDQHbOHVXEVWUDWXP«WDQWSURFKHGHODVXUIDFHDFWXHOOHOHVPRHOORQVSURYHQDQWGHV PXUV  RQW  «W«  SUHVTXɛHQWLªUHPHQW  EULV«V  SDU  OD  J«OLIUDFWLRQ  'H  FH  IDLW  OɛKRUL]RQ FRQVLG«U«HVWTXDVLLQH[LVWDQW$XɖGHVVRXVGHFHWKRUL]RQ«SDLVGHbb¢bbFPVHORQOHV 158 ]RQHV DSSDUDLVVHQW GHV SODTXHWWHV GH FDOFDLUH GH PDUQH RX GH JUªV SOXV RX PRLQV DERQGDQWHVVHORQOHVVHFWHXUV1RXVDOORQVUHYHQLUSOXVORQJXHPHQWVXUODU«SDUWLWLRQ WUªVLQ«JDOHGHFHVSODTXHWWHVGDQVOHVGHX[VWUXFWXUHVFRQVLG«U«HVPDLVLOFRQYLHQW WRXWGɛDERUGGHUDSSHOHUTXɛHOOHVRFFXSHQWXQHSRVLWLRQVWUDWLJUDSKLTXHELHQSU«FLVH 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La hauteur primitive des murs et la pente du toit 34 /D KDXWHXU SULPLWLYH GHV PXUV HVW GLUHFWHPHQW OL«H DX PRGH GH FRXYHUWXUH 6L OɛRQ UHWLHQWOɛK\SRWKªVHGHGHX[WRLWVHQE¤WLªUHMX[WDSRV«VVXUODFDEDQHHWOHORFXVRQ UHWURXYHOHVFRQWUDLQWHVWHFKQLTXHVSURSUHV¢ODPDLVRQIRQWEX[LHQQHHOOLSWLTXHWHOOHV TXɛHOOHV  RQW  «W«  FODLUHPHQW  H[SRV«HV  SDU  SOXVLHXUV  DXWHXUV  *DVFRb   /DVVXUHb   8Q  FRQVHQVXV  VHPEOH  Vɛ¬WUH  «WDEOL  SRXU  HQYLVDJHU  XQH  KDXWHXU GɛHQYLURQbbP  %DLOORXGbE  &DQHW  5RXGLOb  *DVFRb  /DVVXUH  $b&RQTXHWWH  *b%DLOORXG  VLJQDOH  OD  YDULDELOLW«  GHV  KDXWHXUV  /H  PXU  QRUG  GH  OD PDLVRQbbDYDLW  DX  PRLQVbbP  HW  GDQV  OD  PDLVRQb  OH  PXU  GH  FKHYHW  HVW  HQFRUH FRQVHUY«  VXUbbP  GH  KDXWHXU  3DU  FRQWUH  OD  PDLVRQbbTXL  QɛD  OLYU«  SUDWLTXHPHQW DXFXQPDW«ULDXGɛ«ERXOHPHQWGHYDLWSRVV«GHUGHVPXUVTXLQHGHYDLHQWJXªUHG«SDVVHU OHVbbPDFWXHOOHPHQWFRQVHUY«V %DLOORXGbE  35 $%RXVVDUJXHVOɛ«SDLVVHXUGHVPXUVHVWWRXMRXUVSURFKHGXPªWUH6HXOOHPXUPLWR\HQ FDEDQHɖORFXVHVWSOXV«WURLWGDQVVDSDUWLHDUULªUH2QQHFRQQD°WSDVOHYROXPHWRWDOGHV PDW«ULDX[GɛHIIRQGUHPHQWFDUXQHSDUWLHGHFHWWHPDVVHDGLVSDUXDYHFODJ«OLIUDFWLRQ HWODGLVVROXWLRQ/HVKDXWHXUVDFWXHOOHPHQWFRQVHUY«HVYRQWGHbPGDQVOHVVHFWHXUV OHVSOXV«URG«V¢bbPGDQVOHVVHFWHXUVOHVPLHX[SU«VHUY«V 36 $&DPERXVFRPPH¢&RQTXHWWH-b/DVVXUHUHPDUTXHTXHOɛ«FDUWHPHQWHQWUHOHVFDODJHV GHSRWHDX[D[LDX[HVWGHbb¢bbPYRLUHGHbb¢bbPGDQVOHVPDLVRQVOHVSOXVYDVWHV,OHQ G«GXLWTXHVLODSRUW«H«WDLWGHbb¢bbPOHVSRWHDX[D[LDX[SRXYDLHQWDYRLUGHVKDXWHXUV FRPSDUDEOHV  (Q  SUHQDQW  SRXU  EDVH  GHV  SRWHDX[  GHbb¢bbP  HW  GHV  PXUV DWWHLJQDQWbbPGHKDXWFHWDXWHXU«WDEOLWODSHQWHGHVWRLWXUHVGDQVXQHIRXUFKHWWH DOODQW  GHbb¢br  VHORQ  OD  WHFKQLTXH  GH  FRXYUHPHQW  HQYLVDJ«H  b¢br  SRXU  XQH FRXYHUWXUHY«J«WDOHSDVSOXVGHbrSRXUXQHFRXYHUWXUHPL[WH  b 1.1.5. Conclusion 37 ,OVHUDLWYDLQGHYRXORLUG«JDJHUGHVFRQFOXVLRQVIRUPHOOHVGHFHWHVVDLGHUHVWLWXWLRQ GɛXQHDUFKLWHFWXUHHQJUDQGHSDUWLHG«WUXLWH(WDQWGRQQ«OHSHXGɛ«O«PHQWVGRQWQRXV GLVSRVRQV  ¢  %RXVVDUJXHV  OHV  K\SRWKªVHV  GH  UHVWLWXWLRQ  VRQW  DO«DWRLUHV  3DUPL  OHV FHUWLWXGHV  RQ  UHWLHQGUD  TXH  OHV  «O«PHQWV  GH  FRXYHUWXUH  GH  OD  FDEDQHbbHW  GX  ORFXV «WDLHQWSDUWLHOOHPHQWGHQDWXUHY«J«WDOHFRPPHOHSURXYHQWOHVWUDFHVGɛXQLQFHQGLH TXLD«SDUJQ«ODVWUXFWXUHbHQWLªUHPHQWFRQVWUXLWHHQSLHUUH0DLV¢FHVY«J«WDX[ YHQDLHQWVɛDMRXWHUGHVODX]HVTXHOHVFRQVWUXFWHXUVDOODLHQWFKHUFKHUGDQVODG«SUHVVLRQ YRLVLQHGLVWDQWHGHbP&HVODX]HVMRXDLHQWXQU¶OHLPSRUWDQWGDQVODFRXYHUWXUHGH ODSDUWLHDYDQWGXORFXV 38 &RPPHOHVFDODJHVGHSRWHDX[QHVRQWSDVYLVLEOHVODSU«VHQFHGɛXQRXGHGHX[WRLWVHQ E¤WLªUH  QH  SHXW  ¬WUH  G«GXLWH  TXH  GɛXQ  UDLVRQQHPHQW  GɛRUGUH  WHFKQLTXH  HW  SDU FRPSDUDLVRQDYHFGɛDXWUHVKDELWDWLRQVIRQWEX[LHQQHV 39 ,OVHUDELHQ«YLGHPPHQWGXSOXVKDXWLQW«U¬WGHFRQIURQWHUFHVGRQQ«HVHWK\SRWKªVHV DYHFFHOOHVTXLUHVVRUWLURQWGHODIRXLOOHGHVDXWUHVE¤WLPHQWV 165 b 1.2. Données pour une analyse architecturale (la structure ronde no 5) 1.2.1. Les structures rondes 40 /HVVWUXFWXUHVURQGHVVRQWOHV«GLILFHVOHVSOXVRULJLQDX[GH%RXVVDUJXHVPDLVDXVVL FHX[TXLSRVHQWOHSOXVGHSUREOªPHVGɛLQWHUSU«WDWLRQ/HVFRQGLWLRQVGHFRQVHUYDWLRQ SDUWLFXOLªUHPHQW  IDYRUDEOHV  HW  G«M¢  «YRTX«HV  FI  LQWURGXFWLRQ   QRXV  SHUPHWWHQW FHSHQGDQW  GɛDYDQFHU  XQ  FHUWDLQ  QRPEUH  GɛK\SRWKªVHV  ¢  SURSRV  GH  OHXU  PRGH  GH FRQVWUXFWLRQGHOHXUPRUSKRORJLHGɛRULJLQHHWGHOHXUIRQFWLRQGDQVOɛKDELWDWFHLQWXU« 41 &HFKDSLWUHDHVVHQWLHOOHPHQWSRXUREMHWGHVRXOLJQHUOHVIDLWVREVHUY«VDXFRXUVGHV IRXLOOHVOHVSOXV¢P¬PHGHQRXVDLGHU¢UHVWLWXHUYLUWXHOOHPHQWGHV«GLILFHVDXMRXUGɛKXL G«WUXLWV(QHIIHWVLRQSHXWDLV«PHQWUHVWLWXHUODPRUSKRORJLHRULJLQHOOHGHVPXUVGH OɛHQFHLQWHHWGHVPDLVRQVDEVLGLDOHVVDQVWRXWHIRLVFRQQD°WUHOHXUKDXWHXUH[DFWHLO QɛHQHVWSDVGHP¬PHSRXUOHVVWUXFWXUHVURQGHV 42 'HSOXVFHWWHDQDO\VHDUFK«RORJLTXHVɛLQVFULWGDQVXQFRQWH[WHTXHOTXHSHXSRO«PLTXH SXLVTXHGHVVWUXFWXUHVGHIRUPHHWGHGLPHQVLRQVFRPSDUDEOHVFHOOHVGX/«ERXVRQW «W«FRQVLG«U«HVDSULRULFRPPHGHVWRXUVDSSDUWHQDQW¢XQV\VWªPHGHG«IHQVH $UQDO 0DUWLQɖ*UDQHObbbDHWE 'ɛDXWUHVDXWHXUVRQWDYDQWQRXVHWGHID©RQUDGLFDOH UHMHW«FHWWHLQWHUSU«WDWLRQ &DQHW5RXGLOb TXLDFHSHQGDQWHQFRUHFRXUVGDQVOD OLWW«UDWXUH &RXUWLQbb&DPSVbb*XLODLQHb 3OXVU«FHPPHQW¢SURSRVGHV VWUXFWXUHVURQGHVGH%RXVVDUJXHV&Kb/DVVXUHFRQWHVWDLWPDLVDYHFGɛDXWUHVDUJXPHQWV OɛK\SRWKªVHTXHQRXVDYLRQVSURSRV«HGDQVGHSU«F«GHQWVWUDYDX[HWVXUODTXHOOHQRXV DOORQVUHYHQLUSOXVORQJXHPHQWLFL /DVVXUHb%DOEXUHet aliib  43 2QSHXWSDUWLUGHGHX[K\SRWKªVHVLQLWLDOHVbRXELHQFHVFRQVWUXFWLRQVSRVV«GDLHQWGHV PXUVYHUWLFDX[GHEDVHQKDXWHWGDQVFHFDVLOSHXWVɛDJLUVRLWGHWRXUV LQWHUSU«WDWLRQ GH-b$UQDO VRLWGɛ«GLFXOHVFRXYHUWVHQPDWLªUHY«J«WDOHRXOLWKLTXH LQWHUSU«WDWLRQGH &Kb/DVVXUH bRXELHQGHX[LªPHK\SRWKªVHɘODQ¶WUHɘOHVPXUV«WDLHQWLQFOLQ«VYHUV OɛLQW«ULHXU¢SDUWLUGɛXQHFHUWDLQHKDXWHXUHWODSDUWLHVXS«ULHXUHGHVFRQVWUXFWLRQV «WDLWE¤WLHHQHQFRUEHOOHPHQWFRPPHOHVRQWOHVmbFDSLWHOOHVb}Gɛ«SRTXHPRGHUQHGDQV OHVXGGHOD)UDQFH 44 &ɛHVWGLUHFRPELHQLOQRXVSDUXWLPSRUWDQWGªVOHG«EXWGHVIRXLOOHVGɛHQUHJLVWUHUDYHF SU«FLVLRQODGLVSRVLWLRQGHVFRXFKHVGHGHVWUXFWLRQHWODQDWXUHGHV«O«PHQWV«ERXO«V 'H  QRPEUHXVHV  SKRWRV  IXUHQW  SULVHV  DSUªV  FKDTXH  G«FDSDJH  HW  WRXV  OHV  «O«PHQWV «ERXO«VRQW«W«GHVVLQ«VVXUSODQDXbb fig. 68b¢b70  166 ● Fig. 68 – Vue de la structure 5 en cours de fouille cliché Colomer ● Fig. 69 – Relevés 1 à 4 des couches de destruction faisant apparaître le comblement de dalles et leur pendage dessin Coularou 167 ● Fig. 70 – Relevés 5 à 7 des couches de destruction et relevé du substrat en courbes de niveau dessin Coularou b 1.2.2. La structure 5 : morphologie et remplissage 45 1RXVUDSSHOOHURQVLFLOHVFDUDFW«ULVWLTXHVGHODFRQVWUXFWLRQG«JDJ«HSDUODIRXLOOHDLQVL TXH  OD  PRUSKRORJLH  GHV  «ERXOLV  GH  GHVWUXFWLRQ  $YDQW  OD  IRXLOOH  DXFXQ  LQGLFH  QH SHUPHWWDLWGHG«FHOHUODSU«VHQFHGɛXQHVWUXFWXUHURQGHTXLQɛHVWDSSDUXHTXɛDSUªV HQOªYHPHQWGXFDLOORXWLVGHJ«OLIUDFWLRQ fig. 71 8QDII½WGHFKDVVHFRQVWLWX«GɛXQH PXUHWWH  HQ  GHPLɖFHUFOH  DYDLW  GɛDXWUH  SDUW  «W«  E¤WL  ¢  XQH  «SRTXH  U«FHQWH  VXU  FHW HPSODFHPHQWPDLVVDEDVHUHSRVDLWVXUOHFDLOORXWLVODVWUXFWXUHURQGHQɛD\DQWSDV«W« WRXFK«H/HPXUGHODVWUXFWXUHbbDXQH«SDLVVHXUGHbbPHWLOHVWFRQVHUY«VXUXQH KDXWHXUGHbbPSUªVGHOɛXQLTXHSRUWHTXLGRQQHVXUODFDEDQHb,OQɛDSOXVTXH bPGHKDXW¢OɛRSSRV«GDQVODSDUWLHTXLVHWURXYHHQERUGXUHGHODUXSWXUHGH SHQWH 168 ● Fig. 71 – Mise au jour de la structure 5 par enlèvement du cailloutis de surface cliché Colomer 46 /DWHFKQLTXHGHFRQVWUXFWLRQHVWDQDORJXH¢FHOOHGHOɛHQVHPEOHGHVVWUXFWXUHVGXVLWHb XQ  GRXEOH  SDUHPHQW  GH  SLHUUH  VªFKH  HQVHUUDQW  XQH  IRXUUXUH  LQWHUQH  GH  ELRFDLOOH fig. 72bHWb73 ,FLFRPPHSRXUOHVDXWUHVVWUXFWXUHVURQGHVOɛDSSDUHLOODJHHVWEHDXFRXS SOXVVRLJQ«TXHFHOXLGHVPXUVGHVFDEDQHVHWGHOɛHQFHLQWH0DLVFHTXLOHVGLII«UHQFLH OHSOXVFɛHVWOHFKRL[GHVPDW«ULDX[GHFRQVWUXFWLRQbKRUPLVTXHOTXHVEORFVGHSOXV JURVPRGXOHDXEDVGHODVWUXFWXUHbbHWGHODVWUXFWXUHbWRXVFHV«GLILFHVVRQWE¤WLVHQ GDOOHV  GHbbVXUbbP  SRXUbbP  Gɛ«SDLVVHXU  YDOHXUV  PR\HQQHV   8Q  DXWUH FDUDFWªUH  OHV  GLVWLQJXH  GX  UHVWH  GHV  FRQVWUXFWLRQVb  OɛLQFOLQDLVRQ  YRORQWDLUH  HW V\VW«PDWLTXH  YHUV  OɛH[W«ULHXU  GHV  GDOOHV  FRQVWLWXDQW  OHV  SDUHPHQWV  LQW«ULHXUV  &HWWH LQFOLQDLVRQ  HVW  WUªV  SUREDEOHPHQW  GHVWLQ«H  ¢  SURW«JHU  OɛHVSDFH  LQW«ULHXU  GHV LQILOWUDWLRQV  GɛHDX[  SOXYLDOHV  &HWWH  WHFKQLTXH  D  «W«  XWLOLV«H  SDU  DLOOHXUV  ¢  Oɛ«SRTXH PRGHUQH VXU FHUWDLQV PXUV GH SLHUUH VªFKH 0DLV GDQV FH FDV HOOH DIIHFWH OHV GHX[ SDUHPHQWV  HW  MRXH  XQ  U¶OH  GLII«UHQW  FRK«VLRQ  GX  PXU   $  %RXVVDUJXHV  VHXOV  OHV SDUHPHQWVLQW«ULHXUVVRQWDIIHFW«VGɛXQSHQGDJH ● Fig. 72 – Coupe est‑ouest de la structure 5 dessin Coularou 169 ● Fig. 73 – Travaux de consolidation effectués sur la structure 5. Ceux‑ci, en dégageant le bourrage interne du mur, font ressortit la technique de construction à double parement cliché Colomer 47 /HV«ERXOLVGHGHVWUXFWLRQ¢OɛLQW«ULHXUFRPPH¢ODS«ULSK«ULHLPP«GLDWHGHVVWUXFWXUHV URQGHV  VRQW  FRQVWLWX«V  GH  FHV  GDOOHV  GH  OD  EDVH  MXVTXɛDX  VRPPHW  /H  PDW«ULDX  GH FRQVWUXFWLRQHVWXQFDOFDLUHMXUDVVLTXHORFDOPDLVOHVVWUDWHVU«JXOLªUHVHWSHX«SDLVVHV UHFKHUFK«HVSRXUOɛH[WUDFWLRQQHVRQWSDVDVVH]DERQGDQWHVVXUSODFHFRPPHRQSHXWOH FRQVWDWHU HQFRUH DXMRXUGɛKXL ,O HVW YUDLVHPEODEOH TXH OHV E¤WLVVHXUV RQW H[WUDLW FHV GDOOHV  ¢  OD  S«ULSK«ULH  GX  VLWH  GDQV  XQ  UD\RQ  GH  TXHOTXHV  FHQWDLQHV  GH  PªWUHV FIb'DPDLV  FH  YROXPH  ,,,bib   /ɛHIIRUW  FRQVHQWL  SRXU  H[WUDLUH  SXLV  DFKHPLQHU  VXU SODFHXQWHOYROXPHGHPDW«ULDX[QHSHXWVHFRPSUHQGUHTXHVLOɛRQDGPHWTXɛLODYDLW SRXUILQDOLW«XQRXYUDJHSDUWLFXOLHUXQVLPSOHPXUYHUWLFDOSRXYDQW¬WUHFRQVWUXLWDYHF OHmbWRXWYHQDQWb}ORFDOFRPPHOɛRQW«W«OHVWURQ©RQVGXPXUGHFHLQWXUHHWOHVPXUVGHV FDEDQHV 48 /HV«WDSHVGHFRQVWUXFWLRQGHV«GLILFHVGXVHFWHXURXHVWRQWG«M¢«W«G«FULWHV5DSSHORQV WRXWHIRLVTXHODVWUXFWXUHbbD«W«E¤WLHHQSUHPLHUHWGɛXQVHXOMHWVDQVUHSULVHV/HV WURQ©RQVGXPXUGHFHLQWXUHVɛDSSXLHQWFRQWUHHOOHVDQVDXFXQHLPEULFDWLRQ&RQWUHFHW HQVHPEOHYLHQQHQWVɛDSSX\HUOHVPXUVGHODFDEDQHbbHWGXORFXVb 49 /ɛLQW«ULHXUGHODVWUXFWXUHbGɛXQHVXSHUILFLHGHbPbQHUHFªOHDXFXQHWUDFHGHIR\HUHW OHSDUHPHQWQHSRUWHSDVODPDUTXHGHOɛLQFHQGLHTXLDIRUWHPHQWUXE«IL«OHVSDURLVGH OD  FDEDQH  HW  GX  ORFXV  /HV  VHXOHV  WUDFHV  GɛDP«QDJHPHQW  YLVLEOHV  FRQVLVWHQW  HQ  XQ PDUWHODJHGHVW¬WHVGHODSL«VTXL«WDLHQWVDQVGRXWHWURSJ¬QDQWHVHWHQODSU«VHQFH GɛXQHGDOOHHQVDLOOLHIRUPDQW«WDJªUH¢bbPGHODEDVHGXPXU/HFRPEOHPHQW«WDLW FRQVWLWX«GHGDOOHVWRPE«HV¢SODWVXUOHVROUHFRXYHUWHVSDUGɛDXWUHVGDOOHVYHUWLFDOHV RX  REOLTXHV  D\DQW  SUHVTXH  WRXWHV  OD  P¬PH  RULHQWDWLRQ  fig. 68  HW  GRQW  OD  SRVLWLRQ WUDGXLWXQHIIRQGUHPHQWHQPDVVHGHODSDURL&HWHIIRQGUHPHQWGLII«UHQWGHFHOXLGHV DXWUHVVWUXFWXUHVURQGHVDSUREDEOHPHQW«W«SURYRTX«SDUXQDIIDLVVHPHQWGHVDVVLVHV 170 GXPXU¢ODVXLWHGɛXQSK«QRPªQHGHVRXWLUDJHGDQVOHODSLD]GRQWOHVHIIHWVVXUOD VROLGLW«GHODFRQVWUXFWLRQRQW«W«DJJUDY«VSDUOɛDSSHODXYLGHSXLVTXHODVWUXFWXUHD «W«  E¤WLH  WUªV  SUªV  GH  OD  UXSWXUH  GH  SHQWH  8QH  ILVVXUH  G«VROLGDULVDQW  OHV  MRLQWV  HVW GɛDLOOHXUVHQFRUHYLVLEOHVXUWRXWHODKDXWHXUFRQVHUY«HGXPXUF¶W«VXG 50 $OɛH[W«ULHXUGHODVWUXFWXUHXQHFRXURQQHGHGDOOHVIRUPDQWSDUIRLVGHVSLOHVLQFOLQ«HV fig. 72 DSX¬WUHG«JDJ«HHQWRWDOLW«&HWWHDFFXPXODWLRQFRUUHVSRQG¢Oɛ«ERXOHPHQW GɛXQHSDUWLHGXPXUYHUVOɛH[W«ULHXUGHODVWUXFWXUH'DQVODFDEDQHbODFRXFKHGH GHVWUXFWLRQSURYHQDQWGHODVWUXFWXUHURQGH«WDLWELHQYLVLEOHHWOHVGDOOHVUHFRXYUDLHQW OHVSLHUUHVSURYHQDQWGXVHFWHXUDUULªUHGHODPDLVRQ'DQVOɛHQVHPEOHOHYROXPHGHV PDW«ULDX[SURYHQDQWGHVVWUXFWXUHVURQGHVPDOJU«VDGLPLQXWLRQGXH¢GLYHUVIDFWHXUV VXUOHVTXHOVQRXVUHYLHQGURQVHVWSOXVLPSRUWDQWTXHFHOXLGHVDXWUHVFRQVWUXFWLRQVFH TXLPRQWUHTXHFHV«GLILFHVGHYDLHQW¬WUHSOXVKDXWVRXWRXWDXPRLQVQ«FHVVLWDLHQWXQH PDVVHSOXVLPSRUWDQWHGHPDW«ULDX[ 51 $ORUV  TXH  OD  PRUSKRORJLH  GH  OD  FRXFKH  GH  GHVWUXFWLRQ  GH  OD  VWUXFWXUHbbHVW HVVHQWLHOOHPHQWOL«H¢OɛHIIRQGUHPHQWUDSLGHGɛXQSDQGHSDURLLOQɛHQHVWSDVGHP¬PH GDQV  OHV  FLQT  DXWUHV  VWUXFWXUHV  URQGHV  'H  FH  SRLQW  GH  YXH  OD  VWUXFWXUHbbQɛHVW  SDV UHSU«VHQWDWLYH  GH  OɛHIIRQGUHPHQW  SURJUHVVLI  GɛXQH  FRQVWUXFWLRQ  ¢  SODQ  FLUFXODLUH FRXYHUWHHQHQFRUEHOOHPHQW3RXUOHVDXWUHVVWUXFWXUHVSDUFRQWUHOHSURFHVVXVGH GHVWUXFWLRQD«W«FODLUHPHQW«WDEOL,OFRUUHVSRQGGɛDLOOHXUVWRXW¢IDLWDX[REVHUYDWLRQV TXHQRXVDYRQVSXIDLUHVXUSOXVLHXUVFDSLWHOOHVVXEDFWXHOOHVHQFRXUVGɛHIIRQGUHPHQW GDQV  OD  JDUULJXH  Q°PRLVH  Oɛ8]ªJH  RX  OD  U«JLRQ  GH  /DXUHW  +«UDXOW   /D  GHVWUXFWLRQ VɛRSªUH¢SDUWLUGXKDXWGHOɛ«GLILFHSXLVSURJUHVVHYHUVOHVSDURLVIRUPDQWDLQVLXQ F¶QHGɛ«ERXOLVDVVH]FDUDFW«ULVWLTXHOHVGHUQLªUHVGDOOHVYHQDQWVHFDOHUYHUWLFDOHPHQW FRQWUHOHSDUHPHQWLQW«ULHXUVXUOHVERUGVGHOɛDPDV fig. 76 /DVWUXFWXUHbHVWVDQV GRXWH¢FHW«JDUGODSOXVW\SLTXH fig. 74  ● Fig. 74 – Vue du comblement de la structure 2 après enlèvement du cailloutis superficiel. L’amas conique de dalles provenant de l’éboulement de la voûte en encorbellement est très caractéristique cliché Colomer 171 52 /ɛ«ERXOHPHQWGɛXQHWRXUF\OLQGULTXHGRQQHDXFRQWUDLUHXQERXUUHOHWGHSLHUUHVVXUOHV ERUGVFHOOHVɖFLWRPEDQW¢OɛDSORPEGXPXUOHFHQWUHQHVHFRPEODQWTXɛDSRVWHULRUL b 1.2.3. Éléments en faveur d’une couverture en encorbellement 53 1RWUHLQWHUSU«WDWLRQUHSRVHVXUXQFHUWDLQQRPEUHGɛREVHUYDWLRQVHWGHG«GXFWLRQVTXL QRXVSDUDLVVHQWVROLGHPHQWIRQG«HV&HSHQGDQWFHOOHɖFLD\DQW«W«IRUWHPHQWFRQWHVW«H /DVVXUHb  QRXV  DOORQV  H[DPLQHU  WRXU  ¢  WRXU  OHV  DUJXPHQWV  TXL  QRXV  RQW  «W« RSSRV«V 54 • Il n’y a pas d’amorce de voûte visible actuellement 55 6LOɛRQREVHUYHXQHFDSLWHOOHPRGHUQHGHGLPHQVLRQVDXVRODQDORJXHVRQFRQVWDWHTXH OɛDPRUFH GH OD YR½WH QH FRPPHQFH TXɛDXɖGHVVXV GH OD SRUWH GɛHQWU«H FɛHVWɖ¢ɖGLUH ¢ KDXWHXU  GɛKRPPH  fig. 75   0¬PH  HQ  DGPHWWDQW  TXH  OHV  VWUXFWXUHV  URQGHV  GH %RXVVDUJXHVDYDLHQWGHVSRUWHVSOXVEDVVHVOHG«SDUWGHOɛHQFRUEHOOHPHQWGHYDLW¬WUH QHWWHPHQWDXɖGHVVXVGHODKDXWHXUFRQVHUY«HGHVPXUVTXLQHG«SDVVHSDVbbP ● Fig. 75 – Une capitelle d’époque moderne dans le Gard (région d’Uzès) relevé et dessin Coularou 56 • Une construction couverte en fausse‑voûte laisserait un volume de matériaux plus important que celui que l’on trouve actuellement dans et autour des structures 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Conclusion 78 /HV  VWUXFWXUHV  URQGHV  GH  %RXVVDUJXHV  FRXYHUWHV  GɛXQH  YR½WH  HQ  HQFRUEHOOHPHQW  QH SRXYDLHQW  DYRLU  OD  IRQFWLRQ  G«IHQVLYH  TXH  OɛRQ  DWWULEXH  J«Q«UDOHPHQW  ¢  GHV  WRXUV (QWLªUHPHQW  WRXUQ«HV  YHUV  OɛLQW«ULHXU  GH  OɛHVSDFH  FORV  HOOHV  «WDLHQW  WRWDOHPHQW G«SHQGDQWHV  GHV  PDLVRQV  DEVLGLDOHV  ¢  SDUWLU  GHVTXHOOHV  RQ  \  DFF«GDLW  /D  PLVH  HQ «YLGHQFH  GH  FHWWH  WHFKQLTXH  GH  FRQVWUXFWLRQ  YD  ¢  OɛHQFRQWUH  GH  OɛLQWHUSU«WDWLRQ J«Q«UDOHPHQW  DGPLVH  GHV  HQFHLQWHV  FKDOFROLWKLTXHV  HQ  SLHUUH  VªFKH  ,O  QH  VHUD G«VRUPDLVSOXVSRVVLEOHGɛDVVLPLOHUFHWKDELWDWFHLQWXU«HQP¬PHWHPSVTXHOH/«ERXV DX[  HQVHPEOHV  G«IHQVLIV  GH  0«GLWHUUDQ«H  RULHQWDOH  RX  GH  OD  S«QLQVXOH  ,E«ULTXH  TXL FRPSRUWHQWGHY«ULWDEOHVWRXUVFRPPHFHODDSRXUWDQW«W««FULWU«FHPPHQW $UULEDV 0ROLQDb  79 'DQVOɛLPP«GLDWOHV«O«PHQWVGHFRPSDUDLVRQORFDX[PDQTXHQWHQFRUH/HVVWUXFWXUHV URQGHVGX/«ERXVDYDLHQWGHVGLPHQVLRQVLGHQWLTXHV/HVDVVLVHVGHEDVHFRPSRUWDLHQW GH  WUªV  JURV  EORFV  PDLV  QRXV  QH  VDYRQV  ULHQ  GHV  SDUWLHV  VXS«ULHXUHV  G«WUXLWHV  OHV 176 SXEOLFDWLRQVQHGRQQDQWDXFXQHLQIRUPDWLRQ¢OHXUVXMHW6XUGHX[KDELWDWVFHLQWXU«V LQ«GLWVG«FRXYHUWVHQbbVXUOHSODWHDXGHOɛ+RUWXV +«UDXOW OHVVWUXFWXUHVURQGHV RQWDXVVLGHVGLPHQVLRQVFRPSDUDEOHV/HFRPEOHPHQWTXHOɛRQ\REVHUYHUDSSHOOHWRXW ¢  IDLW  OHV  F¶QHV  Gɛ«ERXOLV  GH  %RXVVDUJXHV  6HXOH  OD  IRXLOOH  GH  SOXVLHXUV  GɛHQWUH  HOOHV SHUPHWWUDLWGHFRQILUPHUOɛH[LVWHQFHGɛXQPRGªOHU«JLRQDOPRGªOHTXHOɛRQSHXWG«M¢ VXSSXWHU¢SDUWLUGHODUHPDUTXDEOHFRQVWDQWHGDQVOHVGLDPªWUHVHWOɛ«SDLVVHXUGHV PXUV  GH  FHV  GLYHUVHV  FRQVWUXFWLRQV  URQGHV  /H  FRQWHQX  GHV  VWUXFWXUHV  URQGHV  GH %RXVVDUJXHVDSSRUWHGHV«O«PHQWVGɛDQDO\VHSRXUFRPSUHQGUHOHXUIRQFWLRQ/HG«S¶W GH  YDVHV  GɛRXWLOODJH  OLWKLTXH  OD  SU«VHQFH  GH  IR\HUV  HW  GH  TXHOTXHV  YHVWLJHV  RVVHX[ SHUPHWWHQW  GɛHQYLVDJHU  XQ  XVDJH  GRPHVWLTXH  7RXWHIRLV  UHODWLYHPHQW  ¢  OD  VXUIDFH GLVSRQLEOHFHVVWUXFWXUHVFRQWLHQQHQWPRLQVGHPRELOLHUTXHOHVFDEDQHV,OHVWSRVVLEOH TXɛDSUªV  OɛDEDQGRQ  GX  VLWH  FRQV«FXWLI  ¢  OɛLQFHQGLH  FHV  VWUXFWXUHV  URQGHV  DLHQW  «W« IU«TXHQW«HVWHPSRUDLUHPHQW'HVREMHWVRQWSXDORUV¬WUHU«FXS«U«V0DLVRQSHXWDXVVL YRLUGDQVODIDLEOHFRQFHQWUDWLRQGHPRELOLHUOHVRXFLGHODLVVHUXQHVSDFHOLEUHSRXUOH UHSRV  /ɛ«WXGH  FRPSDUDWLYH  GH  FHV  VWUXFWXUHV  HW  GH  OHXU  FRQWHQX  IHUD  OɛREMHW  GH SURFKDLQVWUDYDX[ b 1.3. Origine des matériaux de construction en pierre 1.3.1. Introduction 80 /HEXWGHFHFKDSLWUHHVWGHSU«FLVHUOɛRULJLQHGHVPDW«ULDX[GHFRQVWUXFWLRQHQSLHUUH GHV  VWUXFWXUHV  URQGHV  HW  WRLWXUHV  GH  OD  FDEDQHbbHW  GX  ORFXVbbDILQ  GH  VDYRLU  VL  OHV FDUULªUHV  «WDLHQW  «ORLJQ«HV  GX  OLHX  GɛLPSODQWDWLRQ  GH  OɛKDELWDW  FKDOFROLWKLTXH  RX  VL OɛH[WUDFWLRQ«WDLWHIIHFWX«HVXUOHVLWHP¬PH/ɛKDELWDWHVWLQVWDOO«VXUXQFDOFDLUHGX 3RUWODQGLHQ  -XUDVVLTXH  VXS«ULHXU  GRQW  OH  IDFLªV  GɛDUULªUHɖU«FLI  RX  SODWLHU  HVW FDUDFW«ULV«HQWUHDXWUHVSDUODSU«VHQFHGHQRPEUHX[JUDYHOV b 1.3.2. Origine des lauzes 81 /ɛRULJLQH  GHV  ODX]HV  HVW  GLYHUVH  (OOHV  SURYLHQQHQW  SULQFLSDOHPHQW  GɛXQ  KRUL]RQ  HQ VWUDWH  UXLQ«H  GX  3RUWODQGLHQ  TXL  VH  WURXYH  ¢bbRXbbP  GHV  VWUXFWXUHV  URQGHV IRXLOO«HV  HW  QRQ  GX  -XUDVVLTXH  PR\HQ  GRQW  OHV  DIIOHXUHPHQWV  VRQW  ¢bbRXbbNP  ¢  YRO GɛRLVHDXFRPPHRQDYDLWSXOHSHQVHUSU«F«GHPPHQW FI%DOEXUHet aliibɖ &HV JUDQGHVODX]HVRQW«W«XWLOLV«HVSRXU«OHYHUHWFRXYULUOHVVWUXFWXUHVURQGHV 82 /ɛ«WXGHG«WDLOO«HGHV«FKDQWLOORQVGHURFKHSU«OHY«VSDUQRVVRLQVVXUOHWHUUDLQ fig. 78 YRLUWDEOHDXFRPSDUDWLIbbfig. 79 aHWb PRQWUHFODLUHPHQWOHVGLII«UHQFHVHVVHQWLHOOHV TXLVXEVLVWHQWHQWUHOHVODX]HVGX-XUDVVLTXHPR\HQ 9HW9, SU«OHY«HVVXUODURXWH HQWUH 9LROVɖOHɖ)RUW HW 3XHFKDERQ HW OHV ODX]HV GX -XUDVVLTXH VXS«ULHXU 3RUWODQGLHQ WURXY«HVOHORQJGXFKHPLQ O TXLFRQGXLWDXVLWH&HVGHUQLªUHVVRQWLGHQWLTXHV¢FHOOHV WURXY«HV  GDQV  OH  VLWH  P¬PH  ;;,,,  ;;9  SU«OHY«HV  GDQV  OD  VWUXFWXUHbbHW  ;,,,  ;9, SU«OHY«HVGDQVODVWUXFWXUHb2QVHU«I«UHUD¢ODILJbSRXUOHVOLHX[GHSU«OªYHPHQWGH FHV«FKDQWLOORQV&HVURFKHVRQWHQFRPPXQGHQRPEUHX[FDUDFWªUHVHWQRWDPPHQWOHV ODPLQHV  RUDQJ«HV  WURXY«HV  QXOOH  SDUW  DLOOHXUV  HW  TXL  VRQW  GHV  VW\OROLWHV  GXHV  ¢  OD SUHVVLRQGLVVROXWLRQORUVGHODGLDJHQªVH/HV«FKDQWLOORQVSU«OHY«VOHORQJGXFKHPLQ HW  FHX[  SU«OHY«V  VXU  OH  VLWH  VRQW  GHV  URFKHV  FDUERQDW«HV  GɛRULJLQH  PDULQH 177 FDUDFW«ULVWLTXHV  GɛXQ  PLOLHX  GH  G«S¶W  OH  IDFLªV  S«ULU«FLIDO  RX  SOXV  H[DFWHPHQW OɛDUULªUHɖU«FLI ● Fig. 78 – Points de prélèvement d’échantillons de roches sur le site de Boussargues. ● Fig. 79a – Tableau comparatif des différentes roches trouvées sur le site (roche en place et matériaux prélevés dans les murs). Texture des roches carbonatées ; étude faite à la loupe de terrain (G x 10), classification de Dunham. 178 ● Fig. 79b – Tableau comparatif des différentes roches trouvées sur le site (suite). 83 'LII«UHQWHVHQFRUHOHVODX]HVGHODEDVHGX3RUWODQGLHQSOXVVRPEUHVTXLFDUDFW«ULVHQW XQPLOLHXGHG«S¶WSOXVSURIRQGFRPPHHQW«PRLJQHOɛRGHXUGHVRXIUHG«JDJ«H¢OD FDVVXUH ;9,,b,,, 0DLVDXVVLOHVODX]HVSU«OHY«HVVXUODFROOLQHGHOD0DWKH F GDQVOH EDVVLQYRLVLQSUªVGHVWHUUHVFXOWLYDEOHV&HVURFKHVVHGLVWLQJXHQWGHVSU«F«GHQWHVFDU HOOHVVRQWGɛRULJLQHFRQWLQHQWDOHHWVRQWFRQVWLWX«HVGHJUDLQVGHVLOLFHDFFRO«VSDUXQ FLPHQWFDOFDLUHSU«FRFHbFHVRQWGHVJUªV(QIRQFWLRQGHOHXUVLWXDWLRQVXUODFRXSH J«RORJLTXH fig. 80 HOOHVSU«VHQWHQWGHVFDUDFWªUHVTXLSHUPHWWHQWGHOHVGLII«UHQFLHU 179 ● Fig. 80 – Coupe géologique synthétique de la colline de la Matte, versant oriental, avec indication des horizons dans lesquels ont été prélevés les matériaux minéraux utilisés à Boussargues relevé R. Martin et L. Damais, mis au net par J. Coularou 84 8QH«WXGHVWDWLVWLTXHDSSURIRQGLHSRXUUDLWSHXWɖ¬WUHSHUPHWWUHGHGDWHUOHV«WDSHVGH FRQVWUXFWLRQGHVWRLWXUHVGHODFDEDQHbbHWGXORFXVb(QHIIHWRQSHXWDGPHWWUHTXHOHV KDELWDQWV  TXL  UHFKHUFKDLHQW  FHV  ODX]HV  RQW  VXUHPHQW  SXLV«  GɛDERUG  GDQV  OHV DIIOHXUHPHQWVGHODEDVHGHODFROOLQHSOXVSURFKHVHWIDFLOHVGɛDFFªV8QHIRLVOɛKRUL]RQ «SXLV« LOV PRQWDLHQW VXU OD EXWWH GH OD 0DWKH OHV FKHUFKHU SOXV KDXW HWF &HFL HVW LQGLTX«SDUODSURSRUWLRQGLII«UHQWHGHVW\SHVGHJUªVXWLOLV«VSRXUODFRXYHUWXUHGHOD FDEDQHHWFHOOHGXORFXV/HVJUªVEODQFVVRQWUHSU«VHQW«VSDUOHV«FKDQWLOORQV;;;,,HW ;;;,,,OHVJUªVURXJHVSDUOHV«FKDQWLOORQV;,,,HW;;9,,, b 1.3.3. Origine des pierres de construction des murs 85 /HV«FKDQWLOORQV,,HW9,,SU«OHY«VVXUOHVXEVWUDWXPGHVFRQVWUXFWLRQVHWFHX[SU«OHY«V UHVSHFWLYHPHQWGDQVODFDEDQHbbHWODVWUXFWXUHbbVRQWOHVP¬PHVTXHFHX[WURXY«VHQ GHQRPEUHX[HQGURLWVGDQVOHVPXUVGHFHVFRQVWUXFWLRQV H[b;;,9 'HP¬PHSRXU ;,,,  HW  ;,  TXL  VRQW  GɛDQFLHQV  VDEOHV  JUDYHOHX[  FLPHQW«V  HW  FRPSDFW«V  HW  GRQW  OHV VWUXFWXUHVVRQWHQUHODWLRQDYHFOHIDFLªVGɛDUULªUHɖU«FLITXHUHSU«VHQWHOHSODWHDXVXU OHTXHO  OɛKDELWDW  HVW  «WDEOL  3RXU  SUHXYH  GH  QRPEUHX[  PLFURSRXGLQJXHV  IRUP«V  GH JUDYHOVGHWDLOOHSOXVLPSRUWDQWH ;9 UDPDVV«VVXUOHFKHPLQ¢SUR[LPLW«LPP«GLDWH GHV  IRXLOOHV  &HX[ɖFL  FRQWLHQQHQW  GH  QRPEUHX[  IUDJPHQWV  GH  FRTXLOODJHV  HW  DXWUHV «O«PHQWVFDUDFW«ULVWLTXHVGHFHPLOLHX,ODP¬PH«W«WURXY«GHVPLFUREUªFKHV 9, TXL RQW«W«SU«OHY«HVGDQVOHPXUGHODVWUXFWXUHbbHWW«PRLJQHQWGɛ«SLVRGHVWHFWRQLTXHV GRQWODPDUTXHHVWGɛDLOOHXUVELHQYLVLEOHVXUOHVLWH IDLOOHVHWEUªFKHVGHIDLOOH /HVJUªV QɛRQWSDV«W«XWLOLV«VSRXUOɛ«GLILFDWLRQGHVPXUV'HVSODTXHVGHJUªVIRQWSDUWLHGX PDW«ULDXGHFRXYHUWXUHGHODFDEDQHbbHWGXORFXVb,OVRQWFRQVWLWX«Oɛ«O«PHQWHVVHQWLHO 180 SRXU  OD  IDEULFDWLRQ  GHV  PHXOHV  SDU  OHV  KDELWDQWV  GH  FH  OLHX  H[b  ;  HW  ;;9,   ,OV SURYLHQQHQWGHODFROOLQHFU«WDF««RFªQHGHOD0DWKHSHX«ORLJQ«HGXVLWH fig. 81  ● Fig. 81 – Coupe géologique N.‑N,O./S.‑S.E. de la région de Boussargues (relevé L. Damais, mis au net J. Coularou). b 1.3.4. Conclusion 86 ,ODSSDUD°WFODLUHPHQWTXHOHVJURV«O«PHQWVGHFRQVWUXFWLRQGHVPXUVRQW«W«SULVVXU SODFHRXGDQVXQSHWLWS«ULPªWUHSDUUDSSRUWDX[«GLILFHV,OHQHVWGHP¬PHSRXUOHV JUDQGHVODX]HVGHVVWUXFWXUHVURQGHV/HVSODTXHWWHV«WDQWGHV«O«PHQWVSOXVO«JHUV HOOHV  RQW  «W«  SU«OHY«H  GDQV  XQ  S«ULPªWUH  SOXV  YDVWH  PDLV  WRXMRXUV  SHX  «ORLJQ«  GH OɛKDELWDW (Q FH TXL FRQFHUQH FHV GHUQLHUV «O«PHQWV XWLOLV«V SRXU OD FRXYHUWXUH GHV FDEDQHVOHVSOXVO«JHUVSURYLHQQHQWGHODEDVHGX3RUWODQGLHQOHVDIIOHXUHPHQWVVH WURXYDQWGDQVOHEDVVLQGH&DQWDJULOV&HVDIIOHXUHPHQWVQHVRQWSOXVYLVLEOHVGHQRV MRXUVPDVTX«VVRLWSDUODY«J«WDWLRQVRLWSDUOHVDOOXYLRQVHWFROOXYLRQV H[b9,,,,, /D VLWXDWLRQ  HVW  GRQF  DFWXHOOHPHQW  GLII«UHQWH  GH  FHOOH  TXɛRQW  FRQQX  OHV  RFFXSDQWV  GH %RXVVDUJXHV  FDU  OHV  GLYHUV  DIIOHXUHPHQWV  VRQW  SOXV  QRPEUHX[  DXMRXUGɛKXL  VXU  OHV KDXWHXUVTXHGDQVOHEDVVLQ&HW«WDWGHIDLWODLVVH¢SHQVHUTXHODY«J«WDWLRQHWOHVRO «WDLHQWSOXVLPSRUWDQWVVXUOHVUHOLHIVDX1«ROLWKLTXHHWTXHOHSD\VDJHDFWXHOHVWOH U«VXOWDWGɛXQH«URVLRQU«FHQWH NOTES 1.7RXVPHVUHPHUFLHPHQWVYRQW¢00-HDQ<YHV&URFKHWGXODERUDWRLUHGHSDO«RQWRORJLHGH Oɛ867/¢0RQWSHOOLHUHW<YHV%RGHXUGHOɛ,QVWLWXWGHVVFLHQFHVGHODQDWXUH'«SDUWHPHQWGHV VFLHQFHVGHOD7HUUHXQLYHUVLW«GH1DQWHV/HXUVFULWLTXHVHWFRQVHLOVPɛRQW«W«WUªVSU«FLHX[ 181 RÉSUMÉS /ɛDQDO\VH  VSDWLDOH  GHV  QLYHDX[  GH  GHVWUXFWLRQ  DSSDUWHQDQW  ¢  OD  FDEDQHbbHW  DX  ORFXVbbSHUPHW GɛDYDQFHU  TXHOTXHV  K\SRWKªVHV  VXU  OH  PRGH  GH  FRXYUHPHQW  /HV  ODX]HV  GH  JUªV  DOORFKWRQH WURXY«HVDXɖGHVVXVGHVYHVWLJHVPRELOLHUVHWVRXVOHV«ERXOLVLVVXVGHVPXUVRFFXSHQWXQHSRVLWLRQ VWUDWLJUDSKLTXHG«M¢REVHUY«HGDQVSOXVLHXUVYLOODJHVIRQWEX[LHQV,OVɛDJLWGHODX]HVGHWRLWXUH (OOHVFRXYUDLHQWSDUWLHOOHPHQWOHVWRLWXUHVHWFRPSO«WDLHQWXQHFRXYHUWXUHY«J«WDOH/DGLIILFXOW« ¢UHS«UHUOHVFDODJHVGHSRWHDX[QɛHPS¬FKHFHSHQGDQWSDVGɛHQYLVDJHUODSU«VHQFHGHWRLWVHQ E¤WLªUH  FRPPH  FHOD  D  DLV«PHQW  «W«  G«PRQWU«  VXU  GɛDXWUHV  VLWHV  3OXVLHXUV  VROXWLRQV  VRQW HQYLVDJ«HVSRXUODFRXYHUWXUHGHFHV«GLILFHVbWRLWXQLTXHFRXYUDQWODFDEDQHHWOHORFXVRX WRLWXUHVMX[WDSRV«HV&HUWDLQHVSDUDLVVHQWSOXVSUREDQWHVTXHGɛDXWUHV /HVVWUXFWXUHVURQGHVVRQWOHV«GLILFHVOHVSOXVRULJLQDX[GH%RXVVDUJXHV8QH«WXGHG«WDLOO«HGH OHXUFRPEOHPHQWQRWDPPHQWHQFHTXLFRQFHUQHODVWUXFWXUHbSHUPHWGɛHQYLVDJHUOɛH[LVWHQFH GɛXQH FRXYHUWXUH HQFRUEHOO«H /D G«PRQVWUDWLRQ VɛDSSXLH VXU SOXVLHXUV DUJXPHQWVb FKRL[ GHV PDW«ULDX[WHFKQLTXHVGHFRQVWUXFWLRQPRUSKRORJLHGHV«ERXOLVFRQWHQXDUFK«RORJLTXHDEVHQFH GHWUDFHVGHOɛLQFHQGLH /DWHFKQLTXHGHOɛHQFRUEHOOHPHQWHVWFRQQXHGHSXLVOH9HPLOO«QDLUHHQ(XURSHRFFLGHQWDOH,OQH VɛDJLW  GRQF  SDV  LFL  ¢  SURSUHPHQW  SDUOHU  GɛXQH  U«YROXWLRQ  WHFKQRORJLTXH  /ɛK\SRWKªVH FRPPXQ«PHQWDGPLVHMXVTXɛDORUV¢VDYRLUTXɛLOVɛDJLVVDLWGHWRXUVF\OLQGULTXHVHVWFODLUHPHQW UHMHW«H /ɛ«WXGHS«WURJUDSKLTXHGHVPDW«ULDX[GHFRQVWUXFWLRQHWOHVSURVSHFWLRQVJ«RORJLTXHVGDQVOHV HQYLURQV  GX  VLWH  SHUPHWWHQW  GɛHQYLVDJHU  SOXVLHXUV  RULJLQHV  SRVVLEOHV  3RXU  OHV  PDW«ULDX[  GH FRQVWUXFWLRQ  GHV  PXUV  HQFHLQWH  FDEDQHV  VWUXFWXUHV  URQGHV  OɛRULJLQH  HVW  ORFDOH  ,O  VɛDJLW  GH FDOFDLUH  MXUDVVLTXH  DIIOHXUDQW  VXU  OH  SODWHDX  3RXU  OHV  ODX]HV  GH  WRLWXUH  GH  OD  FDEDQHbbHW  GX ORFXVbbTXL  VRQW  GHV  JUªV  OɛRULJLQH  HVW  ¢  UHFKHUFKHU  GDQV  OD  G«SUHVVLRQ  YRLVLQH  FROOLQH  GH  OD 0DWKH ,OHQHVWGHP¬PHSRXUOHVPHXOHV 7KHVSHFLDODQDO\VLVRIWKHDUFKDHRORJLFDOOHYHOVLQKXWbDQGORFXVbbEURXJKWVRPHK\SRWKHVLV DERXWWKHURRILQJPHWKRGVIODWEORFVRIVDQGVWRQHZHUHIRQGRQWRSRIWKHUHPDLQVDQGXQGHU WKHFROODSVHGZDOOVLQDVWUDWLJUDSKLFSRVLWLRQDOUHDG\VHHQLQRWKHU)RQWERXLVVHFXOWXUHYLOODJHV DQGZKLFKLQGLFDWHVDURRILQJXWLOL]DWLRQSUREDEO\FRPSOHWLQJDYHJHWDOURRILQJ'HVSLWHWKH GLIILFXOW\WRUHVWLWXWHSROHSLWVLWFDQEHSUHVXPHGWKDWWKHURRIVZHUHGRXEOHVORSHGDVLWKDV HDVLO\EHHQGHPRQVWUDWHGRQRWKHUVLWHV6HYHUDOSRVVLELOLWLHVRIURRILQJWKHKXWDQGWKHORFXVDUH FRQVLGHUHGbDVLQJOHURRIFRYHULQJERWKVWUXFWXUHVRUWZRURRIVVLGHE\VLGH 7KH  FLUFXODU  VWUXFWXUHV  DUH  WKH  PRVW  XQXVXDO  RQHV  LQ  %RXVVDUJXHV  $  GHWDLOHG  VWXG\  RI  WKH PDWHULDOWKH\DUHILOOHGLQZLWKHVSHFLDOO\IRUVWUXFWXUHb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bbDQGORFXVbbURRILQJVWRQHV VDQGVWRQH FRPHIURPDFORVHKLOODVZHOODVWKHJULQGLQJ VWRQHV 182 AUTEURS JACQUES COULAROU &HQWUHGɛDQWKURSRORJLHGHVVRFL«W«VUXUDOHV835bbGX&156bUXHGX7DXUb7RXORXVH XAVIER GUTHERZ Rz &156(5$bbGXFHQWUHGHUHFKHUFKHVDUFK«RORJLTXHV6RSKLD$QWLSROLVb9DOERQQHFHGH[HW 'LUHFWLRQGHV$QWLTXLW«VGX/DQJXHGRFɖ5RXVVLOORQ ALBERT COLOMER Er 'LUHFWLRQGHV$QWLTXLW«VGX/DQJXHGRFɖ5RXVVLOORQbELVUXHGHOD6DOOHɖOɛ(Y¬TXH b0RQWSHOOLHU LAURENT DAMAIS 'RPDLQHGHOD'HYª]Hb0RQWRXOLHX 183 /HVPDFURUHVWHVY«J«WDX[HWOHXU VLJQLILFDWLRQ Jacques Coularou, Xavier Gutherz et Luc Jallot b 2.1. Les restes végétaux et leur distribution spatiale 1 1RXVG«FULURQVLFLOHVFRQGLWLRQVGHJLVHPHQWGHVUHVWHVY«J«WDX[FDUERQLV«V FKDUERQV GHERLVJUDLQHVHWIUXLWV G«FRXYHUWVGDQVODFDEDQHbOHORFXVbbHWODVWUXFWXUHb 2 /HV  G«WHUPLQDWLRQV  VS«FLILTXHV  GHV  FKDUERQV  GH  ERLV  RQW  «W«  U«DOLV«HV  SDU 0OOHb,VDEHOb)LJXHLUDO  DX  ODERUDWRLUH  GH  SDO«RERWDQLTXH  GH  OɛXQLYHUVLW«  GHV  6FLHQFHV  HW 7HFKQLTXHV  GX  /DQJXHGRF  0RQWSHOOLHU  VRXV  OD  GLUHFWLRQ  GX  3URIHVVHXU -HDQɖ/RXLVb9HUQHW&HVU«VXOWDWVVRQWSU«VHQW«VGDQVOHFKDSLWUHbbGHODbUHSDUWLHGX SU«VHQWYROXPH/DG«WHUPLQDWLRQGHVJUDLQHVHWIUXLWVFDUERQLV«VD«W«U«DOLV«HSDU 0b-HDQb(UURX[SURIHVVHXUKRQRUDLUHGHOɛ(16$GH0RQWSHOOLHU/HVU«VXOWDWVVRQWDXVVL SU«VHQW«VGDQVOHVSU«F«GHQWVFKDSLWUHV FIb,,bib  b 2.1.1. La cabane 1 3 'HX[FDW«JRULHVGHPDFURUHVWHVY«J«WDX[RQW«W«UHQFRQWU«VGDQVODFDEDQHb1RXV WUDLWHURQVVXFFHVVLYHPHQWGHVFKDUERQVGHERLVSXLVGHVIUXLWV b 2.1.1.1. Les charbons de bois 4 /HVFKDUERQVGHERLV«WDLHQWGLVSHUV«VVXUOɛHQVHPEOHGHODFDEDQHHWSULQFLSDOHPHQW FRQVHUY«VGDQVODWUDQFKHVXS«ULHXUHGHVG«S¶WVDUJLOHX[TXLFROPDWHQWOHODSLD]3HX GH  FKDUERQV  RQW  «W«  FRQVHUY«V  DXɖGHVVXV  GH  FHV  DUJLOHV  /HXU  IDLEOH  U«VLVWDQFH  ¢  OD SUHVVLRQHWDX[FKRFVDVDQVGRXWHIDFLOLW«OHXU«PLHWWHPHQWHWOHVUXLVVHOOHPHQWVRQW DFKHY«OHXUGLVSHUVLRQHWHQILQGHFRPSWHODGHVWUXFWLRQWRWDOHGHERQQRPEUHGɛHQWUH HX[/HFDVHVWIODJUDQWVXUOHVGHX[VWUXFWXUHVIR\ªUHVbVROHHQGDOOHVGXIRQGGHOD FDEDQHHWUHSODWURFKHX[GHOD]RQHFHQWUDOH%LHQTXHFHVGHX[HPSODFHPHQWVSRUWHQW GHIRUWHVWUDFHVGHFRPEXVWLRQ FRORUDWLRQVYLYHV«FODWHPHQWWKHUPLTXHGHVSLHUUHV 184 OHVFKDUERQV\VRQWUDUHV3DUDLOOHXUVOHVH[S«ULHQFHVGHFRPEXVWLRQTXHQRXVDYRQV U«DOLV«HV  VXU  OH  VLWH  PRQWUHQW  TXH  SDU  WHPSV  WUªV  VHF  OH  &K¬QH  YHUW  VH  FRQVXPH HQWLªUHPHQWHQIHXRXYHUWHWQHODLVVHSUDWLTXHPHQWTXHGHVFHQGUHV2QSHXWSHQVHU TXɛLOHQD«W«GHP¬PHORUVGHOɛLQFHQGLHGHODWRLWXUH 5 6L[FHQWFLQTXDQWHFKDUERQVRQW«W«G«WHUPLQ«VHWVHU«SDUWLVVHQWDLQVLb Quercus ilex‑coccifera b Quercus pubescens  Quercus sp.  Buxus sempervirens b Phillyrea latifolia  Divers (Rhamnus saxatilis, b 6 Pistacia therebentis, b Prunus cf. Mahaleb)  ,QG«WHUPLQDEOHV  /H  &K¬QH  YHUW  HVW  OH  PLHX[  UHSU«VHQW«  &H  ERLV  HVW  FRQQX  FRPPH  XQ  H[FHOOHQW FRPEXVWLEOH  PDLV  LO  FRQVWLWXH  «JDOHPHQW  XQ  ERLV  GɛüXYUH  UHFKHUFK«  HW  OH  SOXV IDFLOHPHQW  GLVSRQLEOH  ORFDOHPHQW  /H  %XLV  SDU  FRQWUH  QH  SHXW  ¬WUH  XWLOLV«  HQ FKDUSHQWHULH,OHVWXQFRPEXVWLEOHPR\HQ3DUFRQWUHLOHVWXWLOHSRXUODFRQIHFWLRQGH PDQFKHVGɛRXWLOV/HVDXWUHVHVSªFHVVRQWWURSIDLEOHPHQWUHSU«VHQW«HVSRXUTXHOɛRQ SXLVVHOHXUDWWULEXHUXQU¶OHSDUWLFXOLHU b 2.1.1.2. Les fruits 7 /DFDEDQHbbDOLYU«TXHOTXHVIUXLWVFDUERQLV«V&HVRQWSULQFLSDOHPHQWGHVDUERXVHV XQH WUHQWDLQH  fig. 82 HWTXHOTXHVEDLHVGH*HQ«YULHU 185 ● Fig. 82 – Macrophoto d’une arbouse carbonisée provenant de la cabane 1 cliché Coularou 8 /HV  DUERXVHV  SU«VHQWHQW  SDUIRLV  GHV  IRUPHV  «FUDV«HV  TXL  PRQWUHQW  TXɛHOOHV  DYDLHQW DWWHLQW  OHXU  PDWXULW«  DX  PRPHQW  R»  HOOHV  RQW  «W«  FDOFLQ«HV  7RXWHV  OHV  DUERXVHV SURYLHQQHQWGHOɛDQJOHQRUGɖHVWGHODFDEDQHR»VHWURXYDLWODVROHIR\ªUH 9 /HIUXLWGHOɛ$UERXVLHUVHFXHLOOHGɛRFWREUH¢MDQYLHU&HWDUEXVWHDXQHSU«I«UHQFHSRXU OHV  VROV  VLOLFHX[  DFLGHV  'H  WHOV  VROV  H[LVWHQW  GDQV  OHV  EDVVLQV  SURFKHV  /ɛ$UERXVLHU VɛDGDSWHDXVVLWUªVELHQDX[FDOFDLUHVGRORPLWLTXHV&HVFDOFDLUHVDIIOHXUHQWDXQRUGGH %RXVVDUJXHV  $FWXHOOHPHQW  FHWWH  HVSªFH  HVW  WRWDOHPHQW  DEVHQWH  GX  SODWHDX  GH %RXVVDUJXHV(QUHYDQFKHODSU«VHQFHGɛDUERXVHVFDUERQLV«HVDG«M¢«W«VLJQDO«HHQ FRQWH[WHDUFK«RORJLTXHIRQWEX[LHQ JURWWHGX3U«YHO0RQWFOXV*DUGb5RXGLOb  10 /HV  TXDWUH  EDLHV  GH  *HQ«YULHU  «YRTXHQW  «JDOHPHQW  XQH  Y«J«WDWLRQ  GH  JDUULJXH  /D IUXFWLILFDWLRQGX*HQ«YULHUDOLHXHQDXWRPQH b 2.1.1.3. Les glands 11 /HVJODQGVFDUERQLV«VVRQWUHSU«VHQW«VSDUODJUDLQHHQWLªUHRXIUDJPHQWDLUH fig. 83  ,OV  VRQW  DERQGDQWV  GDQV  OD  FDEDQHb  ,OV  QH  VRQW  SDV  GLVSHUV«V  VXU  OɛHQVHPEOH  GH  OD VXUIDFHPDLVFRQFHQWU«VSDUQXDJHVSOXVRXPRLQVGHQVHVDYHFTXHOTXHVH[HPSODLUHV LVRO«V fig. 84 /RUVTXɛLOVVRQWEULV«VHQWUªVSHWLWVIUDJPHQWVFHX[ɖFLQɛRQW«W«U«FROW«V SDU  OHV  IRXLOOHXUV  TXɛDX  WDPLVDJH  $XVVL  OH  SODQ  GH  U«SDUWLWLRQ  QH  UHIOªWHɖWɖLO  TXH SDUWLHOOHPHQWODGHQVLW«U«HOOHGHV]RQHVGHFRQFHQWUDWLRQV2QGLVWLQJXHWRXWHIRLVWURLV JURXSHPHQWVSULQFLSDX[b 186 ● Fig. 83 – Macrophoto d’un gland carbonisé provenant du locus 1 cliché Aigoin ● Fig. 84 – Localisation des zones de concentration de glands carbonisés dans la cabane 1. Le poids des macrorestes est indiqué par carré et par amas pour les trois zones de concentration principales (nombre encadré) dessin Coularou ɢOH  SUHPLHU  FRUUHVSRQG  ¢  XQ  QXDJH  FHQWUDO  R»  VRQW  SULV  HQ  FRPSWH  OHV  FDUU«V  $0b bHWbbHW$1bbHWbVRLWXQSHXPRLQVGHbbPbOHSRLGVDFWXHOGHFHVPDFURUHVWHVHVW GHbbJb 187 ɢOH  VHFRQG  JURXSHPHQW  VH  WURXYH  SUªV  GX  PXU  QRUGɖHVW  HW  FRUUHVSRQG  DX[  FDUU«V  $/b $/bbHW$.bbVRLWHQYLURQbPbODFRQFHQWUDWLRQHVWSOXVIRUWHbFHODHVWVDQVGRXWHG½¢OD SU«VHQFHGɛXQIRQGGHYDVHHQFRUHHQSODFHTXLFRQWHQDLWbbJGHJODQGV fig. 85 OHUHVWH «WDQWU«SDQGXDXWRXUbOHSRLGVDFWXHOGHFHWHQVHPEOHHVWGHbbJb ɢODWURLVLªPHFRQFHQWUDWLRQVHWURXYHGDQVOD]RQHDQW«ULHXUHGHODFDEDQHVXUOHF¶W«VXGb HOOH  LQW«UHVVH  WURLV  FDUU«Vb  $/b  $.bbHW  $-bb  OH  SRLGV  WRWDO  GHV  UHVWHV  UHFXHLOOLV  HVW GHbbJ ● Fig. 85 – Cabane 1. Vue du fond du vase c11 contenant une poignée de glands carbonisés cliché Colomer 12 'HX[FRQFHQWUDWLRQVPRLQV«YLGHQWHVSHXYHQWHQFRUH¬WUHSULVHVHQFRPSWH/HVFDUU«V $2b  $1bb  HWbbUDVVHPEOHQWbbJ  GH  JODQGV  /H  QXDJH  HVW  VLWX«  HQWUH  OHV FRQFHQWUDWLRQVbbHWbbHW  OH  IR\HU  SRVW«ULHXU  /HV  FDUU«V  $-b  $.bbHWbbUDVVHPEOHQW VHXOHPHQWbbJ HQWUH OH IR\HU FHQWUDO HW OH PXU QRUGɖHVW 2Q QRWHUD TXH OHV JODQGV FDUERQLV«VQHVHWURXYHQWSDVVXUOHVIR\HUV&HFLLQGLTXHTXHOHXUFRPEXVWLRQFHUWHV DFFLGHQWHOOHQɛHVWSDVGXH¢ODSUDWLTXHGXJULOODJH(QU«DOLW«FHVU«VHUYHVRQW«W« EU½O«HVSDUOɛLQFHQGLH b 2.1.2. Le locus 1 13 'DQVOHORFXVbOHVPDFURUHVWHVY«J«WDX[FDUERQLV«VVRQWSOXVDERQGDQWVTXHGDQVOD FDEDQHb&ɛHVWHQSDUWLFXOLHUOHFDVSRXUOHVJODQGVFRQFHQWU«VHQQDSSHVWUªVGHQVHV GDQVODSDUWLHDQW«URɖFHQWUDOH b 2.1.2.1. Les charbons de bois 14 /HV  FKDUERQV  GH  ERLV  «WXGL«V  SDU  0OOH )LJXHLUDO  VRQW  PRLQV  QRPEUHX[  TXH  GDQV  OD FDEDQHbb bFKDUERQVGRQWbbLQG«WHUPLQDEOHV &RPPHGDQVODFDEDQHFHVFKDUERQV 188 VRQWVXUWRXWFRQVHUY«VGDQVOɛDUJLOHURXJHGHEDVH/H&K¬QHYHUWUHSU«VHQWHbbGX ORW  OH  %XLV  b  OH  3KLODLUH  HW  Oɛ$ODWHUQH  b  ,O  \  D  FHSHQGDQWbb  GH  FKDUERQV LQG«WHUPLQDEOHV b 2.1.2.2. Les graines et fruits 15 /HVUHVWHVG«WHUPLQ«VSDU-b(UURX[QHVRQWSDVWUªVDERQGDQWVHWGDQVOɛHQVHPEOHPDO FRQVHUY«V8QHWUHQWDLQHGHJUDLQHVDSSDUWHQDQWSHXWɖ¬WUH¢GHVO«JXPLQHXVHVQɛRQW PDOKHXUHXVHPHQWSX¬WUHFODLUHPHQWLGHQWLIL«HV3DUPLOHVUHVWHVG«WHUPLQDEOHVRQ QRWHb  bJUDLQV  GH  %O«  WHQGUH  T.aestivo ‑ compactum   XQ  JUDLQ  Gɛ2UJH  bJUDLQHV  GH O«JXPLQHXVHVLQG«WHUPLQDEOHVHWTXHOTXHVJUDLQHVGH/RWLHUFRUQLFXO«/H*HQ«YULHU R[\FªGUHRXFRPPXQ HVWUHSU«VHQW«SDUXQHGL]DLQHGHEDLHV 16 /DSU«VHQFHGHF«U«DOHVELHQTXɛHQWUªVIDLEOHTXDQWLW«HVW¢VRXOLJQHU(QHIIHWGHWHOV UHVWHV  RQW  UDUHPHQW  «W«  UHFXHLOOLV  GDQV  OHV  KDELWDWV  IRQWEX[LHQV  GH  OD  U«JLRQ PRQWSHOOL«UDLQH,OVRQWSDUFRQWUH«W«VLJQDO«VHQTXDQWLW«QRWDEOH¢ODJURWWHGX3U«YHO 0RQWFOXV*DUG GDQVOɛDEULbbGH%UXJDV 9DOODEUL[*DUG DLQVLTXHGDQVOɛDEULGHOD 6DOS«WULªUH IRVVHVFKDOFROLWKLTXHV ¢5HPRXOLQV *DUG /HVVWDWLRQVGX0DVGH1REOHHW GX  &RXORXEULHU  ¢  6DLQWɖ%DX]«O\  *DUG  HQ  RQW  OLYU«  /ɛRUJH  QXH  HVW  VLJQDO«H  GDQV OɛKDELWDWIRQWEX[LHQGH9L«ɖ&LRXWDW 0RQVHW0RQWHLOV*DUG 3OXVSUªVGH%RXVVDUJXHV VHXOH  OD  JURWWH  0DUWLQ  /HV  0DWHOOHV  +«UDXOW  D  IRXUQL  GX  EO«  $X  /«ERXV 6DLQWɖ0DWKLHXɖGHɖ7U«YLHUV  FRPPH  ¢  OD  VWDWLRQ  GHV  7RXUHOOHV  9DLOKDXTXªV   GHV WHVVRQVSRUWDLHQWGHVHPSUHLQWHVGHJOXPHVGH%O« 17 /HVO«JXPLQHXVHVVRXYHQWVLJQDO«HVGDQVOH1«ROLWKLTXHP«ULGLRQDOHWSUREDEOHPHQW FXHLOOLHVRXFXOWLY«HVDX&KDOFROLWKLTXHVRQWUDUHVHQFRQWH[WHIRQWEX[LHQ'HVJUDLQHV QRQ  DQDO\V«HV  SURYLHQQHQW  GHV  YLOODJHV  GH  OD  &URL[ɖGHɖ0DVVDUJXHV 6DLQWɖ0DUWLQɖGHɖ/RQGUHV HWGHODVWDWLRQGXERLV0DUWLQ /HV0DWHOOHV ,OHVWSUREDEOH TXH  GHV  WHFKQLTXHV  GH  WDPLVDJH  DSSURSUL«HV  GHYUDLHQW  ¢  OɛDYHQLU  FRPSO«WHU  FHV LQIRUPDWLRQVSDUWURSODFXQDLUHV 18 /HVIUXLWVGHJHQ«YULHUSURYHQDQWGXORFXVYLHQQHQWVɛDMRXWHU¢FHX[GHODFDEDQHbbSRXU FRQILUPHUOɛLG«HGɛXQHFXHLOOHWWHI½WɖHOOHRFFDVLRQQHOOH/HVEDLHVGHJHQ«YULHU«WDLHQW WUDGLWLRQQHOOHPHQW  XWLOLV«HV  FRPPH  FRQGLPHQW  MXVTXɛ¢  XQH  «SRTXH  U«FHQWH  GDQV  OH 0LGLGHOD)UDQFH b 2.1.2.3. Les glands carbonisés 19 /HVJODQGVFDUERQLV«VUHJURXS«VHQJUDQGHVQDSSHVGDQVODSDUWLHDQW«URɖFHQWUDOHGX ORFXVUHSU«VHQWHQWXQSRLGVDFWXHOGHbbbJ/HXUORFDOLVDWLRQH[FOXWODFRPEXVWLRQGH EUDQFKDJHVGLVSRV«VVXUOHWRLWPDLVVXJJªUHDXFRQWUDLUHOɛH[LVWHQFHGHVWRFNV2QSHXW UHFRQQD°WUHTXDWUH]RQHVGHFRQFHQWUDWLRQ fig. 86 b ɢOD]RQHbbFRUUHVSRQGDX[FDUU«V$1bbHW$2bb bJ bGDQVOHFDUU«$2bXQSHWLWYDVH FDU«Q«HQFRQWHQDLWXQHSRLJQ«Hb ɢOD  ]RQHbbVɛ«WHQG  VXU  OHV  FDUU«V  $1b  $2bbHW  $2bb  OH  SRLGV  GHV  UHVWHV  FRQVHUY«V  HVW GHbbJb ɢOD]RQHbbFRQWLHQWbbJHWFRXYUHSULQFLSDOHPHQWOHFDUU«$0bbHWODERUGXUHYRLVLQHGHV FDUU«V$0bbHW$/bb ɢOD]RQHbbRFFXSHOHFDUU«$1bb bJ  189 20 4XHOTXHVJODQGVLVRO«VRXHQSHWLWHVFRQFHQWUDWLRQVVRQWGLVSHUV«VGDQVOHUHVWHGX ORFXV¢OɛH[FHSWLRQGHOD]RQHGXIRQG b 2.1.3. La structure 5 21 /DVWUXFWXUHbbHVWSDXYUHHQPDFURUHVWHVY«J«WDX[6HXOVHQSURYLHQQHQWGHVIUDJPHQWV GHEULQGLOOHVRXGHEUDQFKHV,OQɛ\DDXFXQIUXLWQLJUDLQH/ɛDEVHQFHGHFHVGHUQLHUVHVW SHXWɖ¬WUHGXHDXIDLWTXHOɛLQFHQGLHTXLDG«WUXLWOHORFXVHWODFDEDQHQɛDSDVDWWHLQWFHW «GLILFH 22 bFKDUERQV  SURYHQDQW  GH  OD  VWUXFWXUHbbRQW  «W«  «WXGL«V  SDU  0OOHb)LJXHLUDO  (Q SRXUFHQWDJHLOVVHU«SDUWLVVHQWFRPPHVXLWb Quercus pubescens b Buxus sempervirens b Juniperus sp. b Guerc, ilex‑coccifera b 23 'LYHUV(phillyrea, b Arbutus unedo) b ,QG«WHUPLQDEOHV b /H &K¬QH SXEHVFHQW QRQ UHSU«VHQW« GDQV OH ORFXV bHW UDUH GDQV OD FDEDQHbbHVW LFL OɛHVSªFHGRPLQDQWH2QVHUHSRUWHUDDX[WUDYDX[GH-ɖ/b9HUQHWHW,b)LJXHLUDOSRXUOD VLJQLILFDWLRQ  «FRORJLTXH  GH  OɛHVSªFH  1RWRQV  TXH  FRPPH  OH  &K¬QH  YHUW  OH  &K¬QH SXEHVFHQWHVWXQERLVGɛüXYUHDFFHSWDEOHHWXQERQFRPEXVWLEOH b 2.1.4. Commentaire 24 /ɛ«QXP«UDWLRQ  GHV  UHVWHV  Y«J«WDX[  FDUERQLV«V  HW  OɛH[DPHQ  GH  OHXUV  FRQGLWLRQV  GH JLVHPHQWGDQVOHVHFWHXURXHVWIRQWUHVVRUWLUTXHOHVVHXOHVFRQFHQWUDWLRQVQRWDEOHV FRQFHUQHQWOHVJODQGVPDQLIHVWHPHQWFRQVHUY«VVRXVIRUPHGHU«VHUYHVG«WUXLWHVSDU OɛLQFHQGLHGDQVODFDEDQHbHWOHORFXVb'DQVFHVGHX[VWUXFWXUHVFHVPDFURUHVWHVVRQW DVVRFL«V  ¢  XQ  PDW«ULHO  GH  PRXWXUH  GRQW  Oɛ«WXGH  VS«FLDOLV«H  +b0DUFKHVL  D  PRQWU« OɛXWLOLVDWLRQSRVVLEOHGDQVODSU«SDUDWLRQGHIDULQHGHJODQGV 25 /D  SRLJQ«H  GɛDUERXVHV  HW  OHV  TXHOTXHV  EDLHV  GH  JHQ«YULHU  «YRTXHQW  XQH  FXHLOOHWWH SRQFWXHOOH&RPPHOHVJODQGVFHVGHUQLHUVIUXLWVVRQWFXHLOOLVHQDXWRPQHDXPRPHQW GHOHXUPDWXULW« 26 /HV  JUDLQV  GH  F«U«DOHV  VRQW  HQ  WURS  IDLEOH  TXDQWLW«  SRXU  TXH  OɛRQ  SXLVVH  HQYLVDJHU OɛH[LVWHQFHGHU«VHUYHVGDQVFHVVWUXFWXUHV/DSU«VHQFHGHJUDLQHVGHORWLHUQɛRIIUH JXªUHGɛLQW«U¬W&HWWHSODQWHKHUEDF«HVɛDGDSWH¢GHVPLOLHX[WUªVGLYHUV(OOHFUR°WDXVVL ELHQGDQVOHVVWDWLRQVVªFKHVHWHQVROHLOO«HVTXHGDQVOHV]RQHVKXPLGHVHWRPEUDJ«HV &HWWHHVSªFHFRQVWLWXHHQFRUHDFWXHOOHPHQWXQH[FHOOHQWIRXUUDJHVRXYHQWFXOWLY« 190 b 2.2. Récolte et préparation alimentaire des glands 27 6LJQDO«V  GH  ORQJXH  GDWH  GDQV  OHV  JLVHPHQWV  P«ULGLRQDX[  GX  1«ROLWKLTXH  ¢  Oɛ¤JH  GX %URQ]HOHVJODQGVGH&K¬QHYHUWRXGH&K¬QHSXEHVFHQWLPSRVVLEOHV¢GLII«UHQFLHUHQ OɛDEVHQFHGHFXSXOHQɛRQWSDVSDUWLFXOLªUHPHQWUHWHQXOɛDWWHQWLRQGHVSU«KLVWRULHQV -b&RXUWLQIXWOHSUHPLHU¢VRXOLJQHUOHU¶OHQRQQ«JOLJHDEOHGHODFXHLOOHWWHGHVJODQGV GDQVOD3U«KLVWRLUHHWOD3URWRKLVWRLUHSURYHQ©DOHV6HORQFHWDXWHXU &RXUWLQb OD FXHLOOHWWH  GHV  JODQGV  HVW  DWWHVW«H  GDQV  OH  0LGL  GH  OD  )UDQFH  GªV  OH  0«VROLWKLTXH &K¤WHDXQHXI HWFRQQXHGDQVSOXVLHXUVKDELWDWVGX1«ROLWKLTXHDQFLHQb&K¤WHDXQHXI )RQWEU«JRXDJURWWH/RPEDUGDEUL-HDQb*URV$X1«ROLWKLTXHPR\HQOHVWRFNDJHGHV JODQGV  MRXH  XQ  U¶OH  QRQ  Q«JOLJHDEOH  ¢  F¶W«  GH  FHOXL  GHV  F«U«DOHVb  VLORV  GH 9LOOHQHXYHɖ7RORVDQH  &HWWH  FXHLOOHWWH  VH  SRXUVXLYUD  DX  FRXUV  GH  OD  3URWRKLVWRLUH  (Q 9DXQDJH *DUG GHVJODQGVFDUERQLV«VRQW«W«G«FRXYHUWVVXUOɛKDELWDWSHUFK«GHOD /LTXLªUH  &DOYLVVRQ  GDQV  OHV  QLYHDX[  GX  9,,Hɖ9,HbV  3\b   2Q  OHV  VLJQDOH  DXVVL  ¢ 0DLOKDF  IRXLOOHb  QLYHDXb,,  /RXLV  7DIIDQHOb   ¢  *DLOKDQ  'HGHWb   6XU OɛRSSLGXPGX3ªJXH 'U¶PH RQW«W«G«FRXYHUWVGHVVLORV¢JODQGV /DJUDQG7KDOPDQQ  /HVDXWHXUVFLW«VRQWGHVSRLQWVGHYXHSDUWDJ«VVXUOHPRGHGHSU«SDUDWLRQGHV JODQGVb  JULOODJH  /DJUDQG  7KDOPDQQb  RX  U«GXFWLRQ  HQ  IDULQH  VDQV  WRUU«IDFWLRQ 3\b  28 /HVDXWHXUVODWLQVRQW«YRTX«ODFRQVRPPDWLRQGHJODQGVSRXUODIDEULFDWLRQGXSDLQRX GHJDOHWWHV 3OLQHHW6WUDERQFLW«VSDU$QGU«b QRWDPPHQWOHJODQGGɛ(VSDJQHTXL HVWXQJODQGGRX[GHQuercus ilexYDUballota DC$Oɛ«SRTXHPRGHUQHHWFRQWHPSRUDLQH OHVH[HPSOHVQHPDQTXHQWSDVGHOɛXWLOLVDWLRQDOLPHQWDLUHSDUOɛKRPPHGHVJODQGVGRX[ GH  GLYHUVHV  HVSªFHV  GH  &K¬QH  $IULTXH  GX  1RUG  6DUGDLJQH   'HV  JODQGV  VRQW DFWXHOOHPHQW  YHQGXV  VXU  OHV  «WDOV  Gɛ«SLFLHUV  GH  QRPEUHX[  YLOODJHV  GH  OD  PRQWDJQH NDE\OH $OJ«ULH ,OVHQWUHQWGDQVODSU«SDUDWLRQGHERXLOOLHV 29 'HV  JODQGV  FDUERQLV«V  RQW  «W«  G«FRXYHUWV  HQ  /DQJXHGRF  RULHQWDO  VXU  SOXVLHXUV  VLWHV IRQWEX[LHQV JURWWHGX3U«YHO¢0RQWFOXV*DUGbYLOODJHGH&DPERXV¢9LROVɖHQɖ/DYDO +«UDXOWbYLOODJHGHOD&URL[ɖGHɖ0DVVDUJXHV¢6DLQWɖ0DUWLQɖGHɖ/RQGUHV+«UDXOW ,OVQH VRQWSDVVLJQDO«VDX/«ERXV 191 ● Fig. 86 – Localisation des zones de concentration de glands carbonisés dans le locus 1. 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OɛHQVHPEOHGH%RXVVDUJXHV Jean Balbure et Jacques Coularou b 3.1. Organisation spatiale du mobilier archéologique et des foyers 1 1RXVUDSSHOOHURQVLFLOHVGRQQ«HVHVVHQWLHOOHVFRQFHUQDQWODQDWXUHHWODGLVSRVLWLRQGHV VWUXFWXUHVGRPHVWLTXHVHWGHVGLII«UHQWHVFDW«JRULHVGHPRELOLHUG«JDJ«HVSDUODIRXLOOH GDQVOHVVWUXFWXUHVGXVHFWHXURXHVW/HWHUPHmbHQVHPEOHbb}bHPSOR\«LFLHVWV\QRQ\PH GHVHFWHXURXHVW b 3.1.1. Cabane 1 (surface utile : 37 m2) 3.1.1.1. Foyers 2 /DIRXLOOHGHODFDEDQHbbDSHUPLVGɛLVROHUGHX[]RQHVUHODWLYHPHQWFLUFRQVFULWHVGRQW Oɛ«WXGHG«WDLOO«HDPRQWU«TXɛLOVɛDJLVVDLWGHVWUXFWXUHVGHFRPEXVWLRQ/DSUHPLªUH]RQH VLWX«H  GDQV  OɛDQJOH  QRUGɖRXHVW  HVW  FRQVWLWX«H  SDU  XQ  HQVHPEOH  GH  GDOOHV  PDUQHXVHV GLVSRV«HV¢SODWVXUOHURFKHU fig. 87bHWb89 /ɛDEVHQFHGHPDW«ULHODUFK«RORJLTXH¢OD S«ULSK«ULHGHFHWWH]RQH «JDOHPHQWFDUDFW«ULVWLTXHGHVHVSDFHVHQWRXUDQWOHVIR\HUV GHVPDLVRQVbbHWbbGH&RQTXHWWHFIb%DLOORXGbE  fig. 88 ODSU«VHQFHGHTXHOTXHV FKDUERQV  GH  ERLV  FDUU«V  $3bɖ   PDLV  VXUWRXW  XQH  UXE«IDFWLRQ  LQWHQVH  GHV  PXUV FRQWLJXV  D\DQW  HQWUD°Q«  XQH  IUDFWXUDWLRQ  LPSRUWDQWH  GHV  SLHUUHV  OHV  FRPSRVDQW «YRTXHQWODSU«VHQFHGɛXQIR\HUVWUXFWXU«GHGDOOHVSODWHV&HVGDOOHVXQHFLQTXDQWDLQH HQYLURQVHVRQWDY«U«HVDSUªVH[DPHQHWUHFROODJHQɛ¬WUHTXHOHVIUDJPHQWVGHGHX[ GDOOHVEHDXFRXSSOXVJUDQGHVbODSUHPLªUHDXQRUGIUDFWXU«HVXUSODFHODGHX[LªPH XQSHXG«FDO«HYHUVOHVXGSOXVGLVSHUV«H fig. 87 6LQRXVFRQVLG«URQVODVXUIDFHGH OɛHQVHPEOH  GH  FHV  GDOOHV  RQ  SHXW  HVWLPHU  FHOOH  GX  IR\HU  ¢bbPbHQYLURQ  VXUIDFH PR\HQQHSRXUXQIR\HU¢SODW  196 ● Fig. 87 – Foyer composé de dalles de calcaire marneux portant des colorations dues au feu dessin Coularou ● Fig. 88 – Plan des maisons 2 et 5 de Conquette (d’après G. Bailloud). 197 ● Fig. 89 – Plan d’ensemble de la cabane 1, mise en évidence des foyers dessin Coularou 3 /DVHFRQGH]RQHHVWVLWX«HGDQVOɛD[HGHODFDEDQHGDQVODSDUWLHDQW«ULHXUH fig. 89  &RQWUDLUHPHQW¢ODSUHPLªUHVWUXFWXUHG«FULWHFHOOHɖFLQHSRVVªGHDXFXQDP«QDJHPHQW (Q  G«SLW  GɛXQ  VXEVWUDW  URFKHX[  IRUWHPHQW  ILVVXU«  VD  VXUIDFH  GɛHQVHPEOH  HVW UHODWLYHPHQWSODQH1RXVQɛDYRQVUHWURXY«QLFHQGUHVQLWUDFHGHFKDUERQ1RXVDYRQV SDU  FRQWUH  FRQVWDW«  VXU  XQH  VXUIDFH  GɛHQYLURQ  bPb FLUFXODLUH   GɛLPSRUWDQWHV YDULDWLRQV  GDQV  OD  FRORUDWLRQ  GX  ODSLD]  GX  URVH  FODLU  DX  EOHX  FODLU  VHORQ  TXH  OɛRQ VɛDSSURFKHGHODS«ULSK«ULHRXGXFHQWUH/HVGLII«UHQWHVH[S«ULHQFHVTXHQRXVDYRQV SX  PHQHU  DX  FRXUV  GH  FDPSDJQHV  GH  IRXLOOHV  DQW«ULHXUHV  UHFRQVWLWXWLRQ  GH  IR\HUV GHVWLQ«V¢EU½OHUGXERLVGHFRXSH¢FXLUHGHODF«UDPLTXHRXGHVDOLPHQWV RQWPRQWU« TXHb ɢOHVFHQGUHVHWOHVFKDUERQVGLVSDUDLVVHQWSUHVTXHWRWDOHPHQWHQTXHOTXHVDQQ«HV LOVVRQWOH SOXV  VRXYHQW  LQH[LVWDQWV  VXU  OHV  VLWHV  GH  SOHLQ  DLU b  OHXU  QDWXUH  ILEUHXVH  OHV  UHQG SDUWLFXOLªUHPHQW  YXOQ«UDEOHV  DX[  YDULDWLRQV  GX  WDX[  GɛKXPLGLW«  GDQV  OH  VROb  GH  IDLW  ¢ %RXVVDUJXHVWRXVOHVFKDUERQVFRQVHUY«VRQW«W«UHWURXY«VGDQVOɛDUJLOHFROPDWDQWOHODSLD]b ɢODFRORUDWLRQGXODSLD]HVWGXH¢OɛDFWLRQGXIHXbODFRPEXVWLRQGHERLVVDQVDP«QDJHPHQW SU«DODEOHGHODVXUIDFHFRORUHHIIHFWLYHPHQWOHFDOFDLUHbODUXE«IDFWLRQGHFHOXLɖFLMXVTXH GDQVVHVPRLQGUHVILVVXUHVFRQILUPHLFLVLQRQOɛDEVHQFHWRWDOHGHWHUUHGXPRLQVXQU«HO VRXFLGɛmbDVVDLQLVVHPHQWb}GXVRODYDQWOɛDOOXPDJHGXIHX 4 ,OHVWSRVVLEOHTXɛ¢GHWHOVIR\HUVDLHQWFRUUHVSRQGXGHVPR\HQVGɛ«YDFXDWLRQGLUHFWHRX LQGLUHFWHGHODIXP«H FKHPLQ«HRXVLPSOHWURXP«QDJ«GDQVODWRLWXUH  b 3.1.1.2. Céramique (fig. 90) 5 &ɛHVWGHORLQOHPRELOLHUOHSOXVDERQGDQW'ɛHPEO«HQRXVDYRQVFRQVWDW«TXɛXQQRPEUH LPSRUWDQW  GH  YDVHV  FDVV«V  VXU  SODFH  DYDLHQW  FRQVHUY«  XQH  SRVLWLRQ  IRQFWLRQQHOOH YHUWLFDOHOHJRXORWRULHQW«YHUVOHKDXW  fig. 91bHWb92 FRQILUPDQWOɛK\SRWKªVHGɛXQ DEDQGRQUDSLGHGHODFDEDQH/D]RQHGDQVODTXHOOHQRXVDYRQVUHWURXY«FHVYDVHVHQ 198 G«ILQLWLYH  UHODWLYHPHQW  SHX  IUDJPHQW«V  OH  ORQJ  GHV  PXUV  QRUG  HW  QRUGɖRXHVW HVVHQWLHOOHPHQWFRQWUDVWHDYHFFHOOHVVLWX«HVDXWRXUGXIR\HUFHQWUDOHW¢SUR[LPLW«GH OD  VWUXFWXUH    FDUDFW«ULV«HV  SDU  XQH  F«UDPLTXH  WUªV  IRUWHPHQW  PRUFHO«H  /H G«V«TXLOLEUHGDQVODU«SDUWLWLRQGXPRELOLHUF«UDPLTXHHVWWUªVQHWWHPHQWDSSDUXDX PRPHQWGHODIRXLOOHbFHUWDLQVFDUU«VRQWGRQQ«SOXVLHXUVFHQWDLQHVGHIUDJPHQWVGH SRWHULHIRUPDQWXQY«ULWDEOHDPDVGHWHVVRQVGɛDXWUHV«WDQWTXDVLPHQWVW«ULOHV1RXV UHYLHQGURQVSOXVHQG«WDLOGDQVODVXLWHGHQRWUHH[SRV«VXUOHVSUREOªPHVSRV«VSDUOD UHFRQQDLVVDQFHGHFHVFRQFHQWUDWLRQVF«UDPLTXHV ● Fig. 90 – Plan de répartition du mobilier céramique de l’ensemble 1 dessin Coularou 199 ● Fig. 91 – Dégagement d’une grande jarre cassée sur place au fond de la cabane 1 cliché Colomer ● Fig. 92 – Vase biberon, brisé sur place dans la cabane 1 cliché Colomer b 3.1.1.3. Meules, molettes et galets 6 /HVPHXOHVHWOHVPROHWWHVVRQWWRXWHVVLWX«HVGDQVODSDUWLHDQW«ULHXUHGHODFDEDQH SDUWLHVXGɖHVW  fig. 89 &KDTXHIRLVTXɛLOD«W«SRVVLEOHGHG«WHUPLQHUODVXUIDFHGH WUDYDLOGHVPHXOHV HOOHVVRQWGDQVOɛHQVHPEOHPDOFRQVHUY«HV RQDUHPDUTX«TXɛHOOH «WDLW  WRXMRXUV  GLVSRV«H  IDFH  FRQWUH  WHUUH  &HWWH  GLVSRVLWLRQ  YLVDQW  ¢  SU«VHUYHU  OD FDSDFLW«DEUDVLYHGHODVXUIDFHGHWUDYDLOHVWUHODWLYHPHQWIU«TXHQWHbRQODUHWURXYH 200 VXUOHVVLWHVYRLVLQVGH&DPERXVHWGH&RQTXHWWHRQOɛREVHUYHDXMRXUGɛKXLHQFRUHGDQV GH  QRPEUHXVHV  VRFL«W«V  QRPDGHV  6DKDUD  6DKHO   /ɛDVVRFLDWLRQ  PHXOHVPROHWWHV DSSDUD°WQHWWHPHQWP¬PHVɛLOVɛDYªUHGLIILFLOHGɛDIILOLHUWHOOHPROHWWH¢WHOOHPHXOH b 3.1.1.4. Silex 7 ,OHVWTXDVLPHQWLQH[LVWDQWbQRXVQɛDYRQVUHWURXY«GDQVODFDEDQHSURSUHPHQWGLWH TXɛXQVHXO«FODW(QUHYDQFKHQRXVDYRQVG«FRXYHUWGDQVHWHQDYDQWGHODSRUWHUHOLDQW ODFDEDQH¢ODVWUXFWXUHXQDPDVGɛ«FODWVWKHUPLTXHVSUREDEOHPHQWLVVXVGɛXQEORFGH VLOH[TXLVRXVOɛHIIHWGHODFKDOHXUVHVHUDLWEULV« fig. 89 /ɛREVHUYDWLRQG«WDLOO«HGH WRXVFHV«FODWVQHSHUPHWSDVGHWUDQFKHUTXDQW¢Oɛ«WDWLQLWLDOGXEORFSU«IRUP«RX EUXW$XFXQHWUDFHGHG«ELWDJHSDUSHUFXVVLRQQɛHVWYLVLEOH b 3.1.1.5. Faune 8 (OOHVHOLPLWH¢TXHOTXHVIUDJPHQWVGHGHQWVGɛRYLFDSULG«VHWGHFHUI/HVGLYHUVHV«WXGHV S«GRORJLTXHVRQWPRQWU«TXɛHQDXFXQFDVODQDWXUHGXVROQHSRXYDLW¬WUHWHQXHSRXU UHVSRQVDEOH  GH  FHWWH  DEVHQFH  &HOOHɖFL  DSSDUD°W  GɛDXWDQW  SOXV  VLQJXOLªUH  TXɛXQ  WHO HQYLURQQHPHQW  H½W  G½  IDYRULVHU  Oɛ«OHYDJH  GɛRYLFDSULG«V  GRQW  RQ  VDLW  OD  SODFH SU«SRQG«UDQWH  TXɛLOV  WHQDLHQW  GDQV  Oɛ«FRQRPLH  IRQWEX[LHQQH  6ɛLO  HVW  SRVVLEOH GɛHQYLVDJHUSRXUOHVLOH[OɛH[LVWHQFHGɛDLUHVGɛDFWLYLW«VS«FLILTXHVVLWX«HVGDQVOɛXQHRX OɛDXWUH  ]RQH  QRQ  IRXLOO«H  GX  YLOODJH  FHOD  SDUD°W  SHX  FRQFHYDEOH  SRXU  OD  IDXQHb  RQ LPDJLQHGLIILFLOHPHQWOɛH[LVWHQFHGHOLHX[KRUVGHOɛXQLW«GɛKDELWDWLRQU«VHUY«V¢OD FRQVRPPDWLRQGHYLDQGH/HVVLWHVFRPSDUDEOHVGH&DPERXVHWGH&RQTXHWWH fig. 93 RQWOLYU«XQLPSRUWDQWPDW«ULHOWDQWOLWKLTXHTXɛRVVHX[U«SDUWLGDQVOɛHQVHPEOHGHV PDLVRQV ● Fig. 93 – Plan de la maison no 5 de Conquette : répartition de la faune (d’après Bailloud). 201 b 3.1.1.6. Macrorestes végétaux Les arbouses 9 'H  QRPEUHXVHV  DUERXVHV  SOXVLHXUV  GL]DLQHV   SDUIDLWHPHQW  FRQVHUY«HV  VWUXFWXUH LQWHUQHFULVWDOOLV«HDSUªVFRPEXVWLRQ RQW«W«UHWURXY«HV¢SUR[LPLW«GXIR\HUGɛDQJOH fig, 89 &HUWDLQHVWURSP½UHVSHXWɖ¬WUH«WDLHQW«FUDV«HVbODSOXSDUWDYDLHQWJDUG« OHXUIRUPHLQLWLDOH fig. 82 'ɛDXWUHVHQFRUHSOXVSHWLWHVGHYDLHQW¬WUHYHUWHV(OOHVQH VHUYDLHQW  GRQF  SDV  H[FOXVLYHPHQW  GH  QRXUULWXUH  GɛDSSRLQWb  LO  HVW  SUREDEOH  TXɛHOOHV DFFRPSDJQDLHQWDXVVLGDQVOHIR\HUOɛDUEUHTXLOHVSRUWDLWDORUVXWLOLV«FRPPHERLVGH FKDXIIDJH/HIUXLWGHOɛ$UERXVLHUP½ULWHQRFWREUHRXHQQRYHPEUHbODPDMRULW«GHV DUERXVHVUHWURXY«HVD\DQWDWWHLQWOHXUPDWXULW«LOHVWYUDLVHPEODEOHTXHOɛLQFHQGLHHXW OLHX¢ODILQGHOɛDXWRPQH b Les glands 10 ,OVVRQWWUªVDERQGDQWVHWU«SDUWLVGDQVOɛHQVHPEOHGHODFDEDQH fig. 89 7DQW¶WLVRO«V WDQW¶WUHJURXS«VSDUSDTXHWVGHbbRXbOHXUSU«VHQFHQHSHXW¬WUHDFFLGHQWHOOH LOVQH VRQWSDVWRPE«VGXWRLW¢ODVXLWHGHOɛLQFHQGLH ,OVUHSU«VHQWHQWGHWRXWH«YLGHQFHXQH SDUWSOXVRXPRLQVLPSRUWDQWHGHOɛDOLPHQWDWLRQ XQSHWLWYDVHUHPSOLGHJODQGVD«W« UHWURXY«  ¢  OD  MRQFWLRQ  GHV  FDUU«V  $/bbHW  $/bb  fig. 94   /D  SOXSDUW  GH  FHV FRQFHQWUDWLRQV  GH  JODQGV  FRUUHVSRQGHQW  YUDLVHPEODEOHPHQW  ¢  OɛHPSODFHPHQW  GH SDQLHUVRXGHU«FLSLHQWVHQERLVRXHQSHDX GRQWQRXVQɛDYRQV«YLGHPPHQWUHWURXY« DXFXQHWUDFH &HUWDLQVGHFHVJODQGVSDUIDLWHPHQWFRQVHUY«VSRUWHQWHQFRUHODWUDFH GHJDOHULHVFUHXV«HVSDUXQLQVHFWH ● Fig. 94 – Relevés successifs montrant le remplissage de glands du vase c 11 dessin Coularou 202 b Les céréales 11 3U«VHQWHV  PDLV  SHX  DERQGDQWHV  JUDLQHV   RQ  SHXW  GɛRUHV  HW  G«M¢  DIILUPHU  TXɛHOOHV Qɛ«WDLHQWSDVVWRFN«HVGDQVODPDLVRQORUVTXHVXUYLQWOɛLQFHQGLH b 3.1.2. Locus (surface: 20 m2) 3.1.2.1. Foyers 12 1RXVQɛDYRQVUHWURXY«DXFXQHVWUXFWXUHVXVFHSWLEOHGHVHUYLUGHIR\HU fig. 89 &RPPH GDQV  OD  FDEDQH  OHV  FKDUERQV  VRQW  SHX  QRPEUHX[  HW  GLVSHUV«V  1RXV  QH  VDXULRQV WRXWHIRLV  ¢  SDUWLU  GH  FH  VHXO  IDFWHXU  G«GXLUH  TXH  OH  ORFXV  Qɛ«WDLW  SDV  XQH  XQLW« GɛKDELWDWLRQ8QIR\HUDGɛDLOOHXUVSXH[LVWHUHWQHODLVVHUDXFXQHWUDFH b 3.1.2.2. Céramique 13 2QUHWURXYHXQPRGHGHG«S¶WLGHQWLTXH¢FHOXLGHODFDEDQHbOHVYDVHVVRQWSRXUOD SOXSDUWFDVV«VVXUSODFH fig. 90b¢b92 /ɛ«WXGHGHVG«JUDLVVDQWV¢PRQWU«TXHOɛXQGHFHV YDVHV VLWX«DXFHQWUHGXORFXV VDQVGRXWHWURSJRUJ«GɛHDXVɛ«WDLWDIIDLVV«VXUVDEDVH DORUVTXɛLOVHWURXYDLWHQFRXUVGHPRQWDJHVXUXQVXSSRUWSODW XQHSDUWLHLPSRUWDQWH GXYDVHDXSURILOSDUDLOOHXUVDEHUUDQWHVWSODQH /ɛLQFHQGLHOɛDXUDLWmbS«WULIL«b}GDQV FHWWHSRVLWLRQ fig. 95  ● Fig. 95 – Vase au profil aberrant déformé en cours de séchage et cuit brutalement par l’incendie dessin Coularou b 203 3.1.2.3. Meules, molettes et galets 14 /HVPHXOHVUHODWLYHPHQWQRPEUHXVHVIRUPHQWGHX[JURXSHVWRXVGHX[VLWX«VOHORQJ GXPXUVXG fig. 96 &HWWHGLVSRVLWLRQOHORQJGHVPXUVHVWFRPSDUDEOH¢FHOOHGHV PHXOHVGHODPDLVRQbbGH&RQTXHWWH fig. 88 8QSUHPLHUJURXSHGHTXDWUHPHXOHVHVW GLVSRV«¢XQPªWUHGHODSRUWHUHOLDQWOHORFXV¢OɛH[W«ULHXU SDUWLHDQW«ULHXUH 8Q VHFRQGJURXSHFRPSRV«GHGHX[PHXOHVHVWVLWX«IDFH¢ODSRUWHUHOLDQWOHORFXV¢OD FDEDQH7RXWHVFHVPHXOHVVRQWVRLJQHXVHPHQWUDQJ«HVIDFHFRQWUHWHUUH/HVPROHWWHV HWOHVJDOHWVRQWWRXV«W«UHWURXY«VDXFHQWUHGXORFXV ● Fig. 96 – Plan du locus montrant la répartition du matériel non céramique dessin Coularou b 3.1.2.4. Glands 15 %HDXFRXSSOXVQRPEUHX[TXHGDQVODFDEDQHLOVVRQWDXVVLUHJURXS«VHQDPDVSOXV LPSRUWDQWV  fig. 96   /HXU  U«SDUWLWLRQ  SDUWLH  DQW«ULHXUH  GX  ORFXV  FR±QFLGH  DYHF OɛHPSORLGHPDW«ULDX[GLII«UHQWVGDQVODFRQVWUXFWLRQGXWRLWbODWRLWXUHGXORFXV«WDLW GDQV  VD  SDUWLH  DQW«ULHXUH  FRPSRV«H  GH  ODX]HV  DORUV  TXH  VD  SDUWLH  SRVW«ULHXUH  «WDLW FRXYHUWHGHFKDXPH/ɛDUFKLWHFWXUHGXORFXV«WDLWɖHOOHDORUVIRQFWLRQGHVDFWLYLW«VTXL Vɛ\G«URXODLHQW DFWLYLW«VOL«HV¢ODSU«VHQFHGHJODQGV " b 3.1.2.5. Silex et faune 16 /ɛDEVHQFHGHIDXQHHWGHVLOH[G«M¢REVHUY«HGDQVODFDEDQHbbVHFRQILUPHGDQVOHORFXV TXLQɛDOLYU«TXɛXQVHXOUDFORLU fig. 97  204 ● Fig. 97 – Locus 1. Racloir convexe aménagé sur un fragment de plaquette de silex lacustre (dessin Coularou). b 3.1.3. Structure 5 (surface : 4 m2) 3.1.3.1. Foyers et céramique 17 1RXVQɛDYRQVUHWURXY«DXFXQHWUDFHGHIR\HU/DF«UDPLTXHHVWSHXDERQGDQWHbWURLV YDVHVFDVV«VVXUSODFHGRQWXQJREHOHWFRPSOHW/ɛXQGHVYDVHVHVWVLWX«GDQVODSRUWH OHVGHX[DXWUHV¢ODS«ULSK«ULHGDQVODPRLWL«DQW«ULHXUH'HX[JUDQGVSDQQHDX[ VDQV ERUG GɛXQTXDWULªPHYDVHVHWURXYDLHQWF¶WH¢F¶WHGDQVOɛDFFªV b 3.1.3.2. Galets 18 &RPSWHWHQXGHODVXUIDFHHQYLVDJ«HLOVVRQWUHODWLYHPHQWQRPEUHX[bbDXWRWDOXQHQ TXDUW]ODLWHX[OHVFLQTDXWUHVHQVFKLVWH'HPRGXOHLGHQWLTXHLOVSRUWHQWWRXVGHV WUDFHVGHSHUFXVVLRQD\DQWSURYRTX«SRXUFHUWDLQVGHFRXUWVHQOªYHPHQWV/DIRQFWLRQ GHFHVJDOHWVUHVWHLQG«WHUPLQ«H/HXUQDWXUHVFKLVWHXVHHQIDLWGHPDXYDLVSHUFXWHXUV GHURFKHVGXUHV,OQHSHXWVɛDJLUQRQSOXVGHSLHUUHVGHFKDXIIHbLOVQHSRUWHUDLHQWGDQV FHFDVDXFXQHWUDFHGHSHUFXVVLRQ fig. 98  205 ● Fig. 98 – Structure 5. Galets de schiste portant des stigmates de percussion dessin Coularou b 3.1.3.3. Silex 19 1RXV  DYRQV  WURXY«  DX  QLYHDX  GH  OD  SRUWH  XQ  QXFO«XV  JOREXOHX[  GH  VLOH[  EHLJH  FODLU fig. 99 /ɛDEVHQFHGɛ«FODWVGHWDLOOHH[FOXWWRXWHDVVLPLODWLRQHQWUHOHVJDOHWVHWOHV SHUFXWHXUVD\DQWVHUYL¢G«ELWHUFHQXFO«XV 206 ● Fig.99 – Structure 5. Nucléus globuleux en silex blanc dessin Coularou b 3.1.3.4. Charbons 20 3HXQRPEUHX[LOVVRQWGLVSHUV«V¢OɛHQWU«HGHODVWUXFWXUHGDQVOHSURORQJHPHQWGH FHX[  PLV  HQ  «YLGHQFH  GDQV  OD  FDEDQH  fig. 100 b  LOV  DXUDLHQW  «W«  DSSRUW«V  SDU UXLVVHOOHPHQWHQVXLYDQWODG«FOLYLW«GXWHUUDLQ 207 ● Fig. 100 – Plan de répartition du mobilier de la structure 5 dessin Coularou b 3.1.5. Conclusion 21 ,OHVWGLIILFLOHGɛLQWHUSU«WHUHQWHUPHVGHFKURQRORJLHOHFRQWHQXGHODVWUXFWXUHb&HWWH GHUQLªUHDFHUWDLQHPHQWVXUY«FX¢OɛLQFHQGLHHWSUREDEOHPHQW«W«U«XWLOLV«HFRPPHRQW SX  Oɛ¬WUH  ¢  GɛDXWUHV  «SRTXHV  GHV  «GLILFHV  GɛDUFKLWHFWXUH  DQDORJXH  WHOV  JDUULRWWHV FDSLWHOOHVRXERULHVGHVFDPSDJQHVP«ULGLRQDOHV 22 $  %RXVVDUJXHV  FRPPH  VXU  GH  QRPEUHX[  VLWHV  GɛKDELWDW  OHV  OLPLWHV  GHV  ]RQHV  GH FRQFHQWUDWLRQ  RX  DX  FRQWUDLUH  GH  GLVSHUVLRQ  GX  PDW«ULHO  F«UDPLTXH  U«SDUWL  VXU OɛHQVHPEOH  GH  OD  VXUIDFH  ¢  «WXGLHU  QH  VRQW  SDV  DVVH]  SU«FLVHV  SRXU  SHUPHWWUH  XQH LQWHUSU«WDWLRQDSSURIRQGLH fig. 90 8QWHOFRQVWDWQRXVDSDUXMXVWLILHUOHUHFRXUV¢XQ DXWUHWUDLWHPHQWGHVGRQQ«HV/DP«WKRGHSURSRV«HDSSOLTX«HSRXUODSUHPLªUHIRLV¢ OɛDUFK«RORJLHSDU3Kb0DUVDF 0DUVDFb GDQVODU«SDUWLWLRQGXPDW«ULHOF«UDPLTXH VXU  OD  VWUXFWXUHbbGX  VLWH  GH  5RTXHPHQJDUGH  6DLQWɖ3RQVɖGHɖ0DXFKLHQV  +«UDXOW  DSSRUWH  SDU  Oɛ«WDEOLVVHPHQW  GH  FRXUEHV  Gɛ«JDOH  GHQVLW«  XQH  UHSU«VHQWDWLRQ  PLHX[ DIILQ«HGHODU«SDUWLWLRQGHVIUDJPHQWVF«UDPLTXHV 0DUVDFb 1RXVOɛDYRQVUHSULVH GDQVOɛ«WXGHGɛXQVLWHQ«ROLWKLTXHGHOɛ,WDOLHGX6XGɖ(VW7RUUH6DEHD¢*DOOLSROL 3XJOLD &RXODURXb  b 208 3.2. Répartition du mobilier céramique : traitement graphique 3.2.1. Exposé de la méthode (fig. 101) 23 2QXWLOLVHSRXUOHFDOFXOGHVGHQVLW«VXQHWHFKQLTXHGHFRPSWDJHEDV«HVXUXQHXQLW«GH VXUIDFHFRPPXQHOHFHUFOH¢SDUWLUGHODTXHOOHHVWFRQVWUXLWHXQHWUDPH1RXVDYRQV FKRLVL  SRXU  UD\RQ  GX  FHUFOH  XQH  YDOHXU  «JDOH  ¢bbFP  GH  GLVWDQFH  VXU  OH  WHUUDLQ VRLWbbFPGHUD\RQVXUOHSDSLHUFISODQDXb &HWWHYDOHXUQRXVDSDUXVXIILVDQWH SRXUPHWWUHHQ«YLGHQFHOHV]RQHVGHFLUFXODWLRQ1RXVDYRQVVXSHUSRV«FHWWHWUDPHGH FHUFOHVDXSODQGHU«SDUWLWLRQGXPDW«ULHOF«UDPLTXHHWDYRQVG«QRPEU«SRXUFKDTXH VXUIDFHOHQRPEUHGHWHVVRQVUHSU«VHQW«VFKDTXHWHVVRQ«WDQWILJXU«SDUXQSRLQW&H W\SHGHILJXUDWLRQSHUPHWGHFRPSWDELOLVHUOɛHQVHPEOHGHVWHVVRQV\FRPSULVFHX[TXL VHVXSHUSRVHQWIDLVDQWLQWHUYHQLUGHVmbGHQVLW«VYHUWLFDOHVb}HW«YLWDQWXQIDVWLGLHX[ WUDYDLOGHSURMHFWLRQ«WDEOL¢SDUWLUGHVUHOHY«VGHIRXLOOH/HVFHUFOHVFRPSRVDQWOD WUDPHVɛHQWUHFURLVDQWOHVP¬PHVREMHWVVRQWFRPSW«VSOXVLHXUVIRLVFHTXLSHUPHWXQ OLVVDJHGHVYDOHXUV ● Fig. 101 – Différentes étapes de la méthode de représentation graphique des densités. 24 /HQRPEUHREWHQXDXWHUPHGXFRPSWDJHHVWQRW«DXFHQWUHGHFKDTXHFHUFOH1RXV SDUORQVGɛXQHGHQVLW«GHbbORUVTXHQRXVDYRQVG«QRPEU«bbWHVVRQVGDQVXQFHUFOH,O HVWDORUVIDFLOHGHIDLUHXQJUDSKLTXHFRPSRUWDQWHQDEVFLVVHOHQRPEUHGHWHVVRQVSDU FHUFOHHWHQRUGRQQ«HOHQRPEUHGHFHUFOHVFRUUHVSRQGDQWV$SDUWLUGHFHJUDSKLTXH VRQWG«ILQLHVXQFHUWDLQQRPEUHGHFODVVHVFRUUHVSRQGDQW¢GHV«FDUWVGHGHQVLW«MXJ«V SDUWLFXOLªUHPHQWVLJQLILFDWLIV,OVXIILW¢SDUWLUGHODJULOOHGHVYDOHXUVDLQVLREWHQXHGH GHVVLQHU  GHV  FRXUEHV  Gɛ«JDOH  GHQVLW«  8Q  WUDLWHPHQW  JUDSKLTXH  DSSURSUL«  WUDPHV GLII«UHQWHV GHFKDFXQHGHV]RQHVG«OLPLW«HVSDUFHVFRXUEHVIDLWFODLUHPHQWDSSDUD°WUH OHVDLUHVGHFRQFHQWUDWLRQ 209 25 &HWWHP«WKRGHSU«VHQWHFHSHQGDQWGHVOLPLWHV$LQVLXQYDVHHQWLHUILJXU«SDUXQVHXO SRLQWHVWFRPSWDELOLV«GHODP¬PHPDQLªUHTXHVɛLOVɛDJLVVDLWGɛXQVLPSOHWHVVRQ'H P¬PHOHVSHWLWVYDVHVFDVV«VVXUSODFH bRXbPRUFHDX[DXPD[LPXP QɛDSSDUDLVVHQW SDVVXUODJULOOHGHVGHQVLW«V6HXOHOɛDWWULEXWLRQGɛXQHGHQVLW«PD[LPXP¢FKDFXQHGHV VXUIDFHV FHUFOH FRQWHQDQWFHVYDVHV HQWLHUVRXSHWLWVHWSHXIUDJPHQW«V SHUPHWGH SDOOLHUFHVLQFRQY«QLHQWV1RXVGHYRQVSDUDLOOHXUVWHQLUFRPSWHGXUHOLHIGXWHUUDLQ FRQVLG«U«b  LO  HVW  LPSRUWDQW  GH  UDSSURFKHU  OH  SODQ  REWHQX  ¢  SDUWLU  GHV  FRXUEHV  GH GHQVLW«GXUHOHY«HQFRXUEHVGHQLYHDXGHODVXUIDFH«WXGL«H$%RXVVDUJXHVOHPRGH GɛHIIRQGUHPHQWGHVPXUVHWGHODWRLWXUHSHUPHWQ«DQPRLQVGɛHQYLVDJHUXQHUHODWLYH XQLIRUPLVDWLRQGHODIUDJPHQWDWLRQ b 3.2.2. Résultats et interprétation 26 (WDQWGRQQ«HODIDLEOHLPSRUWDQFHQXP«ULTXHGXPRELOLHUF«UDPLTXHGHODVWUXFWXUHb FHW\SHGHWUDLWHPHQWQɛDDSSRUW«DXFXQHLQIRUPDWLRQVXSSO«PHQWDLUH/HVU«VXOWDWV SU«VHQW«VLFLQHFRQFHUQHQWGRQFTXHODFDEDQHbHWOHORFXVb b 3.2.2.1. Graphiques (fig. 102) 27 6LOɛRQWLHQWFRPSWHGHVFRXUEHV«WDEOLHV¢SDUWLUGHVGLII«UHQWVFRPSWDJHVGHFHUFOHVRQ VɛDSHU©RLWTXɛXQHSDUWLHLPSRUWDQWHGHODFDEDQHHVWG«SRXUYXHGHPDW«ULHOF«UDPLTXHb LOH[LVWHbbbFHUFOHVGHGHQVLW«b,OQɛHQH[LVWHTXHbbSRXUOHORFXV$XFRQWUDLUHOHV GHQVLW«V  VRQW  SOXV  LPSRUWDQWHV  GDQV  OH  ORFXV  /D  GHQVLW«  PD[LPXP  HVW GHbb bWHVVRQVSRXUXQFHUFOH SRXUOHORFXVHWbVHXOHPHQWSRXUODFDEDQH ● Fig. 102 – Courbes et diagrammes de densité dessin Coularou 28 $ILQ  GH  UHQGUH  SOXV  VHQVLEOHV  OHV  FRPSDUDLVRQV  HQWUH  VLWHV  QRXV  DYRQV  FRQVWUXLW SOXVLHXUVGLDJUDPPHV«YDOXDQWHQSRXUFHQWDJHFKDFXQHGHVFODVVHVGHGHQVLW«/HVHXO 210 VLWH  FRPSDUDEOH  OH  VHXO  ¢  DYRLU  «W«  VRXPLV  ¢  XQ  WHO  WUDLWHPHQW  GHV  GRQQ«HV &RXODURXb HVWFHOXLGH7RUUH6DEHDHQ,WDOLHGX6XG/DFRXFKHDUFK«RORJLTXH «SDLVVHGɛXQHTXDUDQWDLQHGHFHQWLPªWUHVQHSU«VHQWHSDVGHVWUDWLJUDSKLHQHWWHGDQV Oɛ«SDLVVHXU  GX  UHPSOLVVDJH  /H  PDW«ULHO  F«UDPLTXH  WUªV  DERQGDQW  HVW  IRUWHPHQW IUDJPHQW«b  SHX  GH  YDVHV  RQW  SX  ¬WUH  UHFRQVWLWX«V  /D  OHFWXUH  GX  GLDJUDPPH FRUUHVSRQGDQWPRQWUHTXHOHPRELOLHUF«UDPLTXHHVWU«SDUWLVXUODTXDVLɖWRWDOLW«GXVLWH FODVVHbbSHX  LPSRUWDQWH   ,O  QɛH[LVWH  SDU  DLOOHXUV  DXFXQH  FRQFHQWUDWLRQ  QRWDEOH  OHV FODVVHVbbHWbbVHWURXYHQWHQWUHbHWbb 8QHJUDQGHGLVSHUVLRQGHVWHVVRQVDVVRFL«H¢ XQHDEVHQFHGHFRQFHQWUDWLRQVHUDLHQWOɛLQGLFHGɛXQHORQJXHRFFXSDWLRQGXVLWH/HV «WXGHV  GH  +b&DQHW  HW  -ɖ/b5RXGLO  FRQFHUQDQW  OH  JLVHPHQW  GH  &DPERXV  &DQHW 5RXGLOb  WHQGHQW  ¢  FRQILUPHU  FHWWH  K\SRWKªVH  /D  IRXLOOH  GH  OɛXQH  GHV  FDEDQHV FDEDQHb  fig. 103 DOLYU«XQDERQGDQWPDW«ULHOF«UDPLTXHXQLIRUP«PHQWU«SDUWL VXUOɛHQVHPEOHGXVROGɛKDELWDW/ɛLPSRUWDQFHGHVUHPDQLHPHQWVDUFKLWHFWXUDX[SURXYH SDUDLOOHXUVTXHOHVLWHD«W«RFFXS«VXUXQHORQJXHS«ULRGH ● Fig. 103 – Cabane de Cambous : plan de répartition de la céramique (d’après Roudil et Canet). 29 /HGLDJUDPPHUHODWLI¢%RXVVDUJXHVHVWDXFRQWUDLUHFDUDFW«ULV«SDUOɛLPSRUWDQFHGHV FODVVHVH[WU¬PHV bHWb  fig. 102 W«PRLJQDQWGHODMX[WDSRVLWLRQGH]RQHVYLGHV GHF«UDPLTXH RXSUHVTXH bSRXUODFDEDQHbSRXUOHORFXV HWGH]RQHV WUªVGHQVHV/HVLWHDXUDLWGRQF«W«RFFXS«SHXGHWHPSV'HWHOOHVFRPSDUDLVRQVVHURQW HQYLVDJ«HVSRXUOɛHQVHPEOHGHVPDLVRQVGªVTXHOɛ«WDWGɛDYDQFHPHQWGHODIRXLOOHOH SHUPHWWUD3HXWɖ¬WUHVHUDɖWɖLODORUVSRVVLEOHGɛHQWUHYRLUGHVYDULDWLRQVGDQVOHXUGHJU« GɛRFFXSDWLRQ b 211 3.2.2.2. Plan (fig. 104) Cabane 1 30 /HV]RQHVGHGHQVLW«LPSRUWDQWHOLPLW«HVHQVXUIDFHVRQWVLWX«HVOHORQJGHVPXUVQRUG HW  RXHVW  &HV  FRQFHQWUDWLRQV  SRQFWXHOOHV  YUDLVHPEODEOHPHQW  DFFHQWX«HV  SDU  GHV VRXWLUDJHVSRVW«ULHXUV¢OɛRFFXSDWLRQGXVLWHVRQW«WURLWHPHQWOL«HV¢ODFRQILJXUDWLRQ GX  VRO  GɛRULJLQH  /HV  &KDOFROLWKLTXHV  RQW  XWLOLV«  SRXU  FDOHU  OHXUV  YDVHV  OHV  O«JªUHV G«SUHVVLRQVVLWX«HVGHSDUWHWGɛDXWUHGɛXQSRLQWHPHQWGXODSLD]'HV]RQHVVW«ULOHV Vɛ«WHQGHQWDXWRXUGHVIR\HUVHWOHORQJGXPXUVXGGDQVOHTXHORQW«W«P«QDJ«HVOHV GLII«UHQWHVSRUWHVUHOLDQWODFDEDQHDXORFXV¢ODVWUXFWXUHbbHW¢OɛH[W«ULHXU fig. 104  ● Fig. 104 – Plan des densités pour l’ensemble 1 dessin Coularou 31 (QWUHFHV]RQHVYLGHVHWFHV]RQHVWUªVGHQVHVLOH[LVWHGHX[VHFWHXUV ¢SUR[LPLW«GX IR\HU  FHQWUDO  HW  SUªV  GH  OD  VWUXFWXUHb  GH  IDLEOH  GHQVLW«  SUREDEOHPHQW  OL«HV  ¢  OD SU«VHQFH  DQW«ULHXUH  GH  YDVHV  TXL  VH  VHUDLHQW  FDVV«V  HW  GRQW  RQ  DXUDLW  «YDFX«  OHV SULQFLSDX[IUDJPHQWVQHODLVVDQWVXUSODFHTXHTXHOTXHVWHVVRQVGRQWOHPRUFHOOHPHQW VHVHUDLWDFFHQWX«DYHFOHSDVVDJHU«S«W«GHVKDELWDQWV b Locus 1 32 /DFRQFHQWUDWLRQODSOXVLPSRUWDQWHHVWVLWX«HHQUHWUDLWGXPXUVXGGDQVOɛD[HGX ORFXV IDFH¢ODSRUWHORFXVɖFDEDQH FRQWUDLUHPHQWDX[]RQHVGHIRUWHFRQFHQWUDWLRQGH ODFDEDQHDOLJQ«HVOHORQJGHVPXUV/HV]RQHVGHIDLEOHGHQVLW«G«ILQLVVHQWHOOHVDXVVLXQ D[HUHOLDQWHQWUHHOOHVOHVGLII«UHQWHVSRUWHVHWVHSURORQJHDQWLFLMXVTXHGDQVODSDUWLH DQW«ULHXUH  GH  OD  SLªFH  /HV  WURLV  FRQFHQWUDWLRQV  UHVWDQWHV  FRUUHVSRQGHQW  ¢ OɛHPSODFHPHQWGHWURLVJURVYDVHVFDVV«VVXUSODFHOHSUHPLHU¢SUR[LPLW«GHODSRUWH 212 GRQQDQW  VXU  OɛH[W«ULHXU  OH  GHX[LªPH  SUªV  GX  SUHPLHU  HQ  UHWUDLW  GX  PXU  VXG  HW  OH GHUQLHUQRQORLQGXIRQG b 3.3. Volume et fonction des vases 3.3.1. Calcul des volumes 33 &ɛHVW¢SDUWLUGXPDW«ULHOF«UDPLTXHIRQWEX[LHQGHOɛKDELWDWGX6DOS¬WUHGH&RXWDFK 6DXYH*DUG IRXLOO«SDU6HUJH&RXUVTXHQRXVDYRQVWHQW«GHPHWWUHDXSRLQWXQH WHFKQLTXHSHUPHWWDQWGHFDOFXOHUOHYROXPHGHVYDVHV/ɛ«YDOXDWLRQGHVYROXPHVSDU UHPSOLVVDJH GHVDEOHRXGHVFLXUH VɛDY«UDQWGLIILFLOHPHQWU«DOLVDEOH ORQJHWFR½WHX[ WUDYDLOGHUHVWDXUDWLRQGHVYDVHV QRXVSURSRVRQVGɛHIIHFWXHUFHFDOFXO¢SDUWLUGHOD VHXOH  UHSU«VHQWDWLRQ  JUDSKLTXH  GHV  YDVHV  fig. 105   ,O  VXIILW  GH  GLYLVHU  FHOOHɖFL  HQ F\OLQGUH  WURQF  GH  F¶QH  RX  FDORWWH  VSK«ULTXH  GH  FDOFXOHU  V«SDU«PHQW  OH  YROXPH  GH FKDFXQHGHFHVVXEGLYLVLRQVHWGHIDLUHOHWRWDOGHFHVYROXPHVSRXUREWHQLUFHOXLGX YDVHOXLɖP¬PH/DUHODWLYHLPSU«FLVLRQGHFHWWHP«WKRGHHVWODUJHPHQWFRPSHQV«HSDU OD  SRVVLELOLW«  Gɛ«WDEOLU  GDQV  XQH  SHUVSHFWLYH  IRQFWLRQQHOOH  GHV  FRPSDUDLVRQV  HQWUH YROXPHVGHYDVHV ● Fig. 105 – Calcul du volume d’un vase à partir de sa représentation graphique. 34 /HSURILOGɛXQYDVHQHVɛREWLHQWFHSHQGDQWTXɛDXSUL[GɛXQUHPRQWDJHPLQLPXPDLV« ORUVTXɛLOVɛDJLWGHSHWLWVYDVHV GHIDLWFHX[ɖFLVRQWSUREDEOHPHQWVXUUHSU«VHQW«V PDLV QHWWHPHQWSOXVDUGXORUVTXɛLOVɛDJLWGHJUDQGVYDVHV&HVGHUQLHUVVRQWGɛDXWDQWSOXV GLIILFLOHV  ¢  LGHQWLILHU  HW  GRQF  ¢  UHFRQVWLWXHU  TXɛLOV  SRVVªGHQW  SRXU  OD  SOXSDUW  GHV FRUGRQV'HX[JUDQGVYDVHV¢FRUGRQVLVVXVGXORFXVQɛD\DQWSX¬WUHUHVWLWX«VRQW«W« ILJXU«VHQSRLQWLOO«VXUOHSODQ fig. 106 HWOHJUDSKLTXH fig. 107 /HYROXPHTXHQRXV OHXUDYRQVDWWULEX«HVWDSSUR[LPDWLIbQRXVDYRQVSURF«G«SDUFRPSDUDLVRQ 213 ● Fig. 106 – Plan montrant le volume et la répartition des vases dans le secteur ouest. (Les échelles tracées sous les vases correspondent à 10 cm.) Dessin Coularou ● Fig. 107 – Représentation graphique des vases en fonction de leur volume (du plus grand au plus petit) dessin Coularou 214 35 1RXVDYRQVSXG«WHUPLQHUSRXUFHWWHSDUWLHGXVLWHOHYROXPHGHTXDUDQWHYDVHV&HV YDVHVVRQWU«SDUWLVGHODPDQLªUHVXLYDQWHbbGDQVODFDEDQHbGDQVOHORFXVbGDQVOD VWUXFWXUH1RXVDYRQVHQVXLWHUHSU«VHQW«VXUXQJUDSKLTXHFKDFXQGHFHVYDVHV GXSOXV JUDQG  DX  SOXV  SHWLW  HQ  IRQFWLRQ  GH  VRQ  YROXPH  fig. 107   /ɛ«FKDQWLOORQQDJH  GHV YROXPHV FRPSOHW SRXU OD FDEDQH DSSDUD°W DX FRQWUDLUH WURQTX« GDQV OH ORFXVb OHV YDVHVPR\HQV HQWUHbbHWbbO QHVRQWSDVUHSU«VHQW«VGDQVOHORFXV b 3.3.2. Distribution des vases en fonction de leur volume (fig. 106) 36 /HSODQPHWHQ«YLGHQFHXQHU«SDUWLWLRQTXDVLV\P«WULTXHGHVYDVHVDXWRXUGHVIR\HUV GH  OD  FDEDQH  $  FKDTXH  IR\HU  SDUDLVVHQW  DVVRFL«V  XQ  JURXSH  GH  JUDQGV  YDVHV  b¢ SUR[LPLW«GXIR\HUFHQWUDObGRQWXQHJUDQGHMDUUH¢FRUGRQVPXOWLSOHVSUªVGXIR\HU GɛDQJOH TXHOTXHVYDVHVPR\HQVHWXQWUªVSHWLWYDVH ELEHURQSUªVGXIR\HUGɛDQJOH /D SDUWLHDQW«ULHXUHGHODFDEDQHHVWPDMRULWDLUHPHQWRFFXS«HSDUGHVYDVHVGHSHWLWHV GLPHQVLRQV/ɛRFFXSDWLRQGHODFDEDQHbbGH%RXVVDUJXHVUDSSHOOHDLQVLFHOOHGHVFDEDQHV GH &RQTXHWWH  PDLVRQVbbHWb  fig. 88 HW GH &DPERXVb RQ UHWURXYH ¢ SUR[LPLW« GHV IR\HUVODP¬PHDVVRFLDWLRQJUDQGYDVHɖSHWLWYDVHODSOXSDUWGɛHQWUHHX[«WDQWVLWX«V GDQVODSDUWLHSRVW«ULHXUHGHOɛKDELWDWLRQ 37 /HVYDVHVGXORFXVVRQWU«SDUWLVHQGHX[JUDQGVJURXSHVbOHSUHPLHUFRPSRV«GHGHX[ JUDQGVYDVHVHVWVLWX«SUªVGHOɛHQWU«HbOHVHFRQGIRUP«GHTXDWUHJUDQGVYDVHVIDLWIDFH ¢ODSRUWHORFXVɖFDEDQH8QGHUQLHUYDVHHVWHQILQVLWX«GDQVODSDUWLHSRVW«ULHXUHGX ORFXV  $  FHV  JUDQGV  YDVHV  VRQW  DVVRFL«V  XQH  PDMRULW«  GH  SHWLWV  YDVHV  H[FOXVLYHPHQW VLWX«VGDQVODPRLWL«DQW«ULHXUHGXORFXV b 3.3.3. Fonction des vases 38 'HX[GHFHVYDVHVOɛXQGDQVOHORFXV QRb OɛDXWUHGDQVODFDEDQH QRbb FRQWHQDLHQW GHVJODQGV(WDQWGRQQ«OHXUIDLEOHFDSDFLW« HQWUHbbHWbbO LOVQHSRXYDLHQWVHUYLUTXH GHU«FLSLHQWVGɛDSSRLQW ORXFKH YUDLVHPEODEOHPHQWGHVWLQ«V¢UHFXHLOOLUOHVLQJU«GLHQWV VXUOHSRLQWGɛ¬WUHXWLOLV«V 39 /ɛXWLOLVDWLRQGHVDXWUHVYDVHVUHVWHK\SRWK«WLTXH,OHVWSHXSUREDEOHTXɛLOVDLHQWVHUYLGH VLORV¢JUDLQVbQRXVDXULRQVDORUVUHWURXY«GHJUDQGHVTXDQWLW«VGHF«U«DOHV OɛH[LVWHQFH GHVLORV¢OɛH[W«ULHXUGHVPDLVRQVHVWSOXVFRQFHYDEOH /HXUORFDOLVDWLRQ¢SUR[LPLW«GHV VWRFNV GH JODQGV HW GH PHXOHV SHUPHW GɛHQYLVDJHU OɛK\SRWKªVH GɛXQ UHPSOLVVDJH GH IDULQHLVVXHGHODPRXWXUHGHVJODQGV/DSURSRUWLRQSOXVLPSRUWDQWHGHJUDQGVYDVHV GDQVOHORFXVIHUDLWGHFHGHUQLHUXQOLHXGHVWRFNDJHSULYLO«JL«HWQ«DQPRLQVUHODWLI bJUDQGVYDVHVGDQVOHORFXVWRWDOLVDQWXQYROXPHGHbbOLWUHVVHUDLHQWDORUVOL«VDX UDPDVVDJH  VDLVRQQLHU  GHV  JODQGV  fig. 107   &HX[ɖFL  QH  UHSU«VHQWDLHQW  VHORQ  WRXWH YUDLVHPEODQFHTXɛXQHSDUWGHOɛDOLPHQWDWLRQOɛDEVHQFHGHUHVWHVRVVHX[QɛH[FOXDQWSDU DLOOHXUVSDVOɛXWLOLVDWLRQGHGHQU«HVDQLPDOHVTXHFHVRLWVRXVIRUPHGHJUDLVVHRXGH YLDQGHV«FK«H 40 /ɛLPDJHTXHQRXVDYRQVSXFRQVHUYHUGHOɛLQW«ULHXUGɛXQ¤WUHGXG«EXWGXVLªFOHQHGRLW JXªUHGLII«UHUGHOɛRUJDQLVDWLRQGHFHVHVSDFHVHQWRXUDQWOHVIR\HUVGHQRWUHFDEDQHbOHV JUDQGVYDVHVRQWF«G«ODSODFHDXFKDXGURQHQFXLYUH¢SUR[LPLW«GXTXHOGHX[RXWURLV U«FLSLHQWVFRQWLHQQHQWOHUHSDVGXMRXU b 215 3.4. Conclusion : essai d’identification d’aires d’activité (fig. 108‑109) 41 /ɛHQVHPEOHGHVU«VXOWDWVLVVXVGHOɛH[SORLWDWLRQJUDSKLTXHGHVGRQQ«HVVRXOLJQHRXWUH ODSU«VHQFHGɛDFWLYLW«VFRPPXQHVDXORFXVHW¢ODFDEDQHODSDUWU«VHUY«H¢FKDFXQH GɛHOOHVGDQVOɛXQRXOɛDXWUHGHFHVHVSDFHV1RXVDYRQVWHQW«Gɛ«YDOXHUHQSRXUFHQWDJH OɛDLUHGɛRFFXSDWLRQGHFKDFXQHGHFHVDFWLYLW«V fig. 109  ● Fig. 108 – Essai d’identification des aires d’activités dessin Coularou 216 ● Fig. 109 – Aires d’occupation de chacune des activités « évaluation en pourcentage par rapport à la surface d’ensemble du locus et de la cabane. b 3.4.1. Aires de stockage 42 1RXV  UDSSHORQV  TXH  OH  VWRFNDJH  VɛHIIHFWXDLW  VRLW  GDQV  GHV  SDQLHUV  LO  VɛDJLW  DORUV  GH VWRFNDJH  GH  JODQGV   VRLW  GDQV  GHV  YDVHV  GRQW  RQ  VDLW  TXɛLOV  QH  FRQWHQDLHQW  SDV VHXOHPHQW  GHV  JODQGVb  DXWUH  VWRFNDJH  SRVVLEOH  OD  IDULQH  LVVXH  GH  OD  PRXWXUH  GHV JODQGV  43 &DEDQH bP bDLUHGHVWRFNDJHVRXVIRUPHGHYDVH JODQGVHWDXWUHV  bbGHOD VXUIDFHGHODFDEDQHbDLUHGHVWRFNDJHVRXVIRUPHGHSDQLHU JODQGV  bbGHOD VXUIDFHGHODFDEDQHbOɛHQVHPEOHGHVDLUHVGHVWRFNDJHGHODFDEDQHUHSU«VHQWHbb GHVDVXUIDFHWRWDOHVRLWbbP 44 /RFXV bP bDLUHGHVWRFNDJHVRXVIRUPHGHYDVHV JODQGVHWDXWUHV bbGHOD VXUIDFHGXORFXVbDLUHGHVWRFNDJHVRXVIRUPHGHSDQLHUV JODQGV bbGHODVXUIDFH GXORFXVbOɛHQVHPEOHGHVDLUHVGHVWRFNDJHGXORFXVUHSU«VHQWHQWbbGHODVXUIDFH WRWDOHVRLWbP 45 (QFRQFOXVLRQLODSSDUD°WTXHOHVDLUHVGHVWRFNDJHVRQWSOXVLPSRUWDQWHVGDQVOHORFXV TXHGDQVODFDEDQHWDQWHQYDOHXUUHODWLYHTXɛHQYDOHXUDEVROXH b 3.4.2. Aires de meunerie 46 1RXV FRQVLG«URQV LFL TXH OHV DLUHV GH PHXQHULH FRUUHVSRQGHQW ¢ OɛHPSODFHPHQW GHV PHXOHV OɛDXWUHK\SRWKªVHH½W«W«GHVRXWHQLUTXHOɛDFWLYLW«QɛDYDLWSDVQ«FHVVDLUHPHQW OLHX¢OɛHQGURLWR»RQW«W«UHWURXY«HVOHVPHXOHV /HVSRXUFHQWDJHVREWHQXVGRLYHQW ¬WUHU««YDOX«Vb¢ODVXUIDFHRFFXS«HSDUOɛHQVHPEOHGHVPHXOHVGHODFDEDQHRXGXORFXV 217 GRLW¬WUHDMRXW«HFHOOHGLIILFLOHPHQW«YDOXDEOHRFFXS«HSDUOHVSHUVRQQHVVHOLYUDQW¢ OɛDFWLYLW« 47 &DEDQHbbGHVDVXUIDFHWRWDOHVRLWbbP 48 /RFXVbbGHVDVXUIDFHWRWDOHVRLWbbP 49 /HVHVSDFHVFRQVDFU«V¢ODPHXQHULHVRQWUHODWLYHPHQWSOXVLPSRUWDQWVGDQVOHORFXV TXHGDQVODFDEDQH&HU«VXOWDWHVW¢PHWWUHHQSDUDOOªOHDYHFFHOXLREWHQXSRXUOHVDLUHV GHVWRFNDJH b 3.4.3. Activité céramique (modelage) 50 1RXV  HQWHQGRQV  SDU  DFWLYLW«  F«UDPLTXH  OH  WUDYDLO  GH  PRGHODJH  GHV  YDVHV  FI  YDVH G«IRUP«  UHWURXY«  GDQV  OH  ORFXV  fig. 94   /ɛDLUH  FRUUHVSRQGDQW  ¢  FHWWH  DFWLYLW« UHSU«VHQWHbbGHODVXUIDFHWRWDOHGXORFXV b 3.4.4. Surface occupée par les foyers 51 &DEDQHbb 52 /RFXVbb b 3.4.5. 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Les valeurs des différents rapports de proportions sont calculées pour les dix classes morphologiques auxquelles se rapportent les récipients incomplets. b 4.1.2.4. Estimation du volume des vases incomplets 18 1RXVIDLVRQVILJXUHUGDQVOHWDEOHDX,, fig. 111 ¢SDUWLUGHODP«WKRGHGHFDOFXOGHV YROXPHVSURSRV«HSDU-b&RXODURXOHVYROXPHVU«HOVGHVU«FLSLHQWVGRQWODIRUPHH[DFWH HVWFRQQXHHWOHVYROXPHVWK«RULTXHVGHVYDVHVGRQWODIRUPHQɛHVWFRQQXHTXHSDU UHVWLWXWLRQJUDSKLTXH 224 ● Fig. 111 – Tableau II : estimation des contenances. Volumes réels ou estimés des vases étudiés (les vases 12 et 14 en cours de séchage et le vase 19 trop fragmenté n’ont pas pu être restitués). Entre parenthèses figurent les valeurs retenues pour la suite de l’étude. 19 1RXVDYRQVWHQXFRPSWHSRXUOHVJUDQGVHWPR\HQVYROXPHVGHVLQFHUWLWXGHVOL«HV¢ FHWWH  P«WKRGH  HW  LQGLTX«  OH  YROXPH  WK«RULTXH  SDU  XQH  IRXUFKHWWHb  OH  FKLIIUH  HQWUH SDUHQWKªVHV  FRUUHVSRQG  ¢  OD  UHVWLWXWLRQ  JUDSKLTXH  DGRSW«H  OH  VHFRQG  ¢  XQH  DXWUH UHVWLWXWLRQSRVVLEOHPDLVPRLQVSUREDEOH YRLUFKDSLWUHSU«F«GHQW  20 3RXUOHVYDVHVGHODOLVWHbb FIbsupra GRQWOɛDVSHFWY«ULWDEOHHVWFRQQXQRXVDYRQVUHSULV OHVHVWLPDWLRQVGRQQ«HVSDU-b&RXODURX b 4.1.3. Estimation du degré de conservation 4.1.3.1. Recherche d’un indicateur de conservation 21 (Q«WDEOLVVDQWOɛH[LVWHQFHGɛXQUDSSRUWFRQVWDQWHQWUHOHYROXPHHWOHSRLGVGHVYDVHV QRXVSRXYRQVUHWURXYHUOHSRLGVLQLWLDOGHVU«FLSLHQWVGRQWQRXVQHSRVV«GRQVTXHOH YROXPHbFRQQX¢SDUWLUGHOHXUUHVWLWXWLRQJUDSKLTXH1RXVSRXYRQVFDOFXOHUFHUDSSRUW SRXU  OHV  YDVHV  FRPSOHWV  G«M¢  UHFRQVWLWX«V  WDEOHDX  ,,,b  fig. 112   &H  UDSSRUW  GRQQH U«JXOLªUHPHQWODYDOHXUGHbbSRXUOHVYDVHVGHSOXVGHOHWGHbbSRXUOHVYDVHV GHbbHWPRLQV/HVbbLQGLFHVGLII«UHQWVLOOXVWUHQWXQHSURSUL«W«WHFKQLTXHbOɛ«SDLVVHXU GHODSDURLQHYDULHSDVSURSRUWLRQQHOOHPHQWDXYROXPHbUHODWLYHPHQW¢VRQSRLGVOD SDURLGɛXQJUDQGYDVHHVWSOXVILQHTXHFHOOHGɛXQSHWLW b SRLGV NJ YDVHbb67  YDVHbb/  YROXPH / UDSSRUWSRLGVYROXPH     225 YDVHbb/ YDVHbb& YDVHbb/ YDVHbb&             ● Fig. 112 – Tableau III : poids et volume de 6 récipients complètement reconstitués montrant l’existence d’un rapport constant entre ces deux mesures. 22 (QPXOWLSOLDQWOHYROXPHHVWLP«GHVYDVHVLQFRPSOHWV WDEOHDX,,bfig. 111 SDUOɛXQGHV GHX[  UDSSRUWV  RQ  REWLHQW  OHXU  SRLGV  LQLWLDO  RX  SRLGV  WK«RULTXH  'DQV  OH  WDEOHDX  ,9 fig. 113   OHV  FKLIIUHV  HQWUH  SDUHQWKªVHV  GRQQHQW  OH  YROXPHbOH  SOXV  SUREDEOH  HW  OH SRXUFHQWDJHGDQVODFRORQQHGHGURLWHH[SULPHODIUDFWLRQGXSRLGVLQLWLDO WK«RULTXH UHWURXY«H  ¢  OD  IRXLOOH  /D  FRQVHUYDWLRQ  YDULH  GH  b  SRXU  OHV  U«FLSLHQWV  UHWURXY«V FRPSOHWV  ¢bb  SRXU  FHX[  SUHVTXH  WRWDOHPHQW  G«WUXLWV  &RQVLG«UDQW  OD  SU«FLVLRQ  GH FHWWHP«WKRGHQRXVDYRQVDUURQGLOHVSRXUFHQWDJHVGHVYDVHVJURVRXPR\HQV¢bb SUªV  /HV  SRLGV  GH  WHVVRQV  FRUUHVSRQGDQW  DX[  YDVHV  GX  ORFXVbbHQ  FRXUV  GH  V«FKDJH LQGLTXHQW  TXH  OH  YDVHbbDYDLW  XQH  FRQWHQDQFH  GɛDX  PRLQVbbO  HW  OH  YDVHbbGɛDX PRLQVbbO4XDQWDXYDVHbVDFRQWHQDQFH«WDLWGɛDXPRLQVbbO 226 ● Fig. 113 – Tableaux lVa (en haut) et b (ci‑dessus) : degré de conservation des vases étudiés calculé à partir de la différence entre le poids théorique et le poids des fragments retrouvés à la fouille. Cette valeur est exprimée en pourcentage. (*) = grand vase à paroi fine, poids relatif diminué. (**) volumes estimés globalement pour les vases 11, 17, 20 et 24 du locus 1 traités à part. Les poids connus correspondent aux seuls éléments identifiés (bords ou tessons décorés). Il s’avère impossible de séparer les tessons respectifs de ces 4 vases groupés sur 2 m2 (fig. 6) tant sont semblables la texture et l’épaisseur de leurs parois. Aussi, avons‑nous fait une estimation globale de leur degré de conservation, à partir de leur volume total : volume théorique des 4 vases : 160 l ; poids théorique des 4 vases : 31 kg ; poids actuel des 4 vases : 18 kg ; conservation moyenne : 58 %. b 4.1.3.2. Fragments de vases non restitués 23 ,OVQHIRXUQLVVHQWDXFXQLQGLFHSHUPHWWDQWGHFDOFXOHUOHXUGLDPªWUHHWOHXUYROXPH 1RXVQɛDYRQVSXPHWWUHDXFXQGɛHX[HQUDSSRUWDYHFOHVU«FLSLHQWVG«M¢UHFRQVWLWX«V&H VRQW OHV IUDJPHQWV GHbbYDVHV GRQW RQ QH UHWURXYH SDUIRLV TXɛXQ VHXO WHVVRQ 'HX[ JURXSHVSOXVLPSRUWDQWVGDQVODFDEDQHHQ$OHW$-bbDLQVLTXɛHQ$1bFRUUHVSRQGHQW ¢GHVU«FLSLHQWV¢SDURL«SDLVVHSUREDEOHPHQWLQFRPSOHWVQRQ«WXGLDEOHV b 4.1.3.3. Etude générale de l’état de conservation 24 /D PDMRULW« GHV YDVHV LQW«JUDOHPHQW UHPRQW«V DYDLHQW OHXUV WHVVRQV JURXS«V VXU GH SHWLWHV  VXUIDFHV  &HW  DVSHFW  SHXW  IDLUH  SHQVHU  TXH  VHXOV  FHV  YDVHV  IXUHQW  EULV«V  HQ SRVLWLRQIRQFWLRQQHOOH(QIDLWFHWWHLPSUHVVLRQQHWLHQGUDLWSDVFRPSWHGHVFRQGLWLRQV GHFRQVHUYDWLRQWUªVYDULDEOHVVXUOHVLWH 25 'ɛDSUªVQRVHVWLPDWLRQVOHVYDVHVVRQWFRQVHUY«VGHbb¢bb infra $XɖGHO¢GHbbLO QHPDQTXHJ«Q«UDOHPHQWTXHOHIRQGGHVU«FLSLHQWV1RXVVDYRQVTXHODGHVWUXFWLRQGH FHVSDUWLHVDXFRQWDFWGHVHDX[GHUXLVVHOOHPHQWHVWTXDVLV\VW«PDWLTXHDXQLYHDXGHV DUJLOHV  FRPEODQW  OH  NDUVW  'DPDLV  FH  YROXPH  ,,bi   &ɛHVW  DXVVL  OD  FDXVH  GH  OD G«JUDGDWLRQGHFHUWDLQVERUGVWRPE«VYHUVOɛLQW«ULHXUGHODSDQVHDXPRPHQWGHOD IUDJPHQWDWLRQ  /H  SHWLW  YDVHbF  TXL  FRQWHQDLW  GHV  JODQGV  IXW  EULV«  HQ  SRVLWLRQ 227 IRQFWLRQQHOOH  (Q  HIIHW  LOV  RQW  «W«  WURXY«V  UHJURXS«V  DX  FHQWUH  GɛXQH  FRXURQQH  GH WHVVRQVGHODSDQVHHWGXERUG&HU«FLSLHQWSODF«DXFRQWDFWGHOɛDUJLOHGHFRPEOHPHQW HVWLQFRPSOHWbSOXVGHODPRLWL«HVWG«WUXLWH$SDUWLUGHFHWH[HPSOHQRXVDYRQVHVWLP« TXHODSOXSDUWGHVYDVHVG«WUXLWVMXVTXɛDX[DOHQWRXUVGHbbRQWSX¬WUHLQLWLDOHPHQW HQWLHUV  &HUWDLQV  U«FLSLHQWV  GH  IRUW  YROXPH  PDLV  ¢  SDURL  ILQH  VRQW  SDUWLFXOLªUHPHQW G«JUDG«V&ɛHVWOHFDVGXYDVHbFTXLQɛHVWFRQVHUY«TXɛ¢HQYLURQbbPDLVGRQWQRXV SRVV«GRQV  FHSHQGDQW  OH  IRQG  HW  WURLV  ODQJXHWWHV  HW  TXH  QRXV  FRQVLG«URQV  FRPPH LQLWLDOHPHQWFRPSOHW/DP¬PHUHPDUTXHVɛDSSOLTXHDXYDVHbO/HVDXWUHVU«FLSLHQWV VRQWWUªVLQFRPSOHWVRXFRUUHVSRQGHQW¢GHVIRQGVU«XWLOLV«VRX¢GHVSDQQHDX[XWLOLV«V FRPPHFRXYHUFOHV F  b 4.1.4. Étude de la répartition et de la dispersion du matériel céramique 4.1.4.1. Définitions des indicateurs de remaniement 26 'HQRPEUHXVHVLQIRUPDWLRQVSHXYHQW¬WUHWLU«HVGHODPHVXUHGHVU«FLSLHQWV2XWUH FHOOHVTXHQRXVDYRQVG«M¢G«WHUPLQ«HV PHVXUHGXYROXPHUHVWLWXWLRQGHODIRUPH HVWLPDWLRQ  GX  SRLGV  LQLWLDO  HW  GX  GHJU«  GH  FRQVHUYDWLRQ   QRXV  SRXYRQV  «JDOHPHQW PHVXUHUbOHXUGHJU«GHUHVWLWXWLRQOHXUIUDJPHQWDWLRQOHXUHQFRPEUHPHQWOɛ«SDLVVHXU GHOHXUSDURL$SDUWLUGHODYXHSODQLP«WULTXHGHVOLDLVRQVHQWUHWHVVRQVGɛXQP¬PH YDVHRXSODQGHOLDLVRQRQDGHVLQIRUPDWLRQVVXUOɛ«WDWRXODG\QDPLTXHVSDWLDOHGHV G«S¶WVF«UDPLTXHV2QSHXWFRQQD°WUHOɛDLUHGHU«SDUWLWLRQGHVWHVVRQVOHXUGLVSHUVLRQ HWODSRVLWLRQLQLWLDOHGHVU«FLSLHQWV 27 &HVPHVXUHVQ«FHVVLWHQWGHVREVHUYDWLRQVDSSURSUL«HVb ɢPHVXUHVGLUHFWHVVXUOHVSDQQHDX[UHPRQW«VSRXUOɛ«SDLVVHXUODIUDJPHQWDWLRQHWOHGHJU« GHUHVWLWXWLRQb ɢPHVXUHV  LQGLUHFWHV  ¢  SDUWLU  GHV  SODQV  GH  OLDLVRQ  HW  GHV  UHVWLWXWLRQV  JUDSKLTXHV  SRXU  OD U«SDUWLWLRQOɛ«WXGHGHVWUDMHFWRLUHVHWOɛHQFRPEUHPHQW 28 /HV  YDOHXUV  GHV  GLII«UHQWV  LQGLFDWHXUV  SU«VHQW«V  FLɖGHVVRXV  VRQW  GRQQ«HV  GDQV  OHV WDEOHDX[9DHW9E fig. 114  228 ● Fig. 114 – Tableaux Va et b : liste des mesures ayant servi au calcul des différents indicateurs. Lg/ 5 : longueur de dispersion calculée sur les relevés à l’échelle 1/5 ; nb : nombre de liaisons ; ld : rapport de dispersion ; % Et : degré de restitution ; C : coefÏcient de restitution ; DMax : diamètre maximum des vases étudiés ; E : encombrement relatif ; Ad : aire de dispersion ; Ad/E : rapport de l’aire de dispersion à l’encombrement ; le/C (§ le’) : indice d’étalement ; DC : degré de conservation ; Frag : degré de fragmentation. b Degré de restitution 29 (QXWLOLVDQWODP¬PHP«WKRGHTXHFHOOHDSSOLTX«H¢ODPHVXUHGXGHJU«GHFRQVHUYDWLRQ QRXVDYRQV«YDOX«ODTXDQWLW«UHPRQW«HGHFKDTXHU«FLSLHQWHQFDOFXODQWOHUDSSRUW HQWUHOHSRLGVGHWHVVRQVUDFFRUG«VHWOHSRLGVWK«RULTXHGXYDVH&HWLQGLFDWHXUDSSHO« GHJU«GHUHVWLWXWLRQVHUYLUDGDQVOHFDOFXOGHOɛ«WDOHPHQW,OUHQGFRPSWHGHODIUDFWLRQ U«HOOH  GX  YDVH  VXU  ODTXHOOH  VH  SRUWH  OHV  REVHUYDWLRQV  UHSU«VHQW«H  VXU  OHV  SODQV  GH OLDLVRQ b Fragmentation et épaisseur des parois 30 /H  QRPEUH  HW  OD  GLPHQVLRQ  GHV  WHVVRQV  GRQQHQW  GHV  LQGLFDWLRQV  VXU  OH  GHJU«  GH IUDJPHQWDWLRQ GɛXQ U«FLSLHQW 2Q DQDO\VH FHV GHX[ SDUDPªWUHV HQ FRPSWDELOLVDQW OH QRPEUH  GH  UDFFRUGV  HQWUH  OHV  WHVVRQV  SRXU  XQH  XQLW«  GH  VXUIDFH  FRQVWDQWH  GP bGP 1RXVDYRQVU«DOLV«FHVPHVXUHVGLUHFWHPHQWVXUOHVYDVHV/ɛ«SDLVVHXUHVWXQH YDOHXUPR\HQQHWHQDQWFRPSWHGHV«SDLVVHXUVPD[LPXPHWPLQLPXPGHVSDURLV6RQ «WXGHSHUPHWGHVDYRLUTXHOHGHJU«GHIUDJPHQWDWLRQHVWLQG«SHQGDQWGHOɛ«SDLVVHXU b Encombrement 31 1RXVQɛ«WXGLHURQVTXHOɛHQFRPEUHPHQWDXVRO HQFRPEUHPHQWUHODWLI ,OFRUUHVSRQG¢ ODYDOHXUGXSOXVJUDQGGLDPªWUHGɛXQU«FLSLHQW/ɛHQFRPEUHPHQWSURSUHPHQWGLWHVW 229 XQF\OLQGUHGRQWODKDXWHXUFRUUHVSRQG¢ODKDXWHXUGXYDVHHWOHGLDPªWUHDXGLDPªWUH PD[LPXPGHODSDQVH b Aire de dispersion 32 /ɛDLUH  FRXYHUWH  SDU  OHV  WHVVRQV  GɛXQ  YDVH  HVW  QRUPDOHPHQW  VXS«ULHXUH  ¢  VRQ HQFRPEUHPHQWUHODWLIVDXIVɛLOQɛHVWUHSU«VHQW«TXHSDUTXHOTXHVIUDJPHQWV/Dfig. 115 PRQWUHVRXVIRUPHGHQXDJHVODU«SDUWLWLRQGDQVODFDEDQHbbHWOHORFXVGHVDLUHVGH GLVSHUVLRQ  /D  SUR[LPLW«  RX  OH  FKHYDXFKHPHQW  GH  FHV  QXDJHV  G«OLPLWHQW  GHV JURXSHPHQWVGHYDVHV/DGHQVLW«GHFHVHQVHPEOHVFRUUHVSRQGDSSUR[LPDWLYHPHQWDX[ DLUHVG«ILQLHVSDUOɛ«WXGHGH-b%DOEXUHHW-b&RXODURX FIb,,,bib  ● Fig. 115 – Plan général de la dispersion des vases de la cabane 1 et du locus 1, réalisé à partir des plans de liaison de 50 vases. b Dispersion 33 (QDGGLWLRQQDQWODORQJXHXUGHWRXWHVOHVOLDLVRQVGɛXQYDVHRQREWLHQWVDGLVWDQFHGH GLVSHUVLRQ,OVɛDJLWGɛXQHPHVXUHGXUHPDQLHPHQWTXLGRQQHXQHLG«HGHODSOXVRX PRLQVJUDQGHGLVSHUVLRQGHVIUDJPHQWV3HXGLVSHUV«VLOVVHUDFFRUGHURQWVXUGHIDLEOHV GLVWDQFHV  HW  OD  GLVWDQFH  GH  GLVSHUVLRQ  VHUD  SHX  «OHY«H  &HSHQGDQW  OD  TXDQWLW«  GHV OLDLVRQVUHFHQV«HVG«SHQGGHODUHFKHUFKHSOXVRXPRLQVDYDQF«HGHVFROODJHV1RXVHQ DYRQVWHQXFRPSWHHQGLYLVDQWODYDOHXUGHFHWWHORQJXHXUSDUOHQRPEUHGHOLDLVRQV UHFHQV«HV1RXVREWHQRQVDLQVLXQHORQJXHXUPR\HQQHDSSHO«HUDSSRUWGHGLVSHUVLRQ OG  230 b Etalement 34 /ɛLQGLFH«O«PHQWDLUHGɛ«WDOHPHQW OH HVWGRQQ«SDUb 35 ,OSHUPHWGHFRPSDUHUODVXUIDFHRFFXS«HSDUOHVWHVVRQVHWODVXUIDFHRFFXS«HDXVRO SDUOHYDVH&ɛHVWXQLQGLFDWHXUGHVXUIDFHHWQRQSOXVGHGLVWDQFHFRPPHODGLVSHUVLRQ $ODGLII«UHQFHGHFHWWHGHUQLªUHLOSUHQGHQFRPSWHODWDLOOHLQLWLDOHGXYDVH¢WUDYHUV VRQHQFRPEUHPHQW&HWLQGLFHGRLW¬WUHUHODWLYLV«&RPPHQRXVOɛDYRQVLQGLTX«QRV REVHUYDWLRQVVXUOHVSODQVGHOLDLVRQQHSRUWHQWTXHVXUODSDUWLHUHPRQW«GHVYDVHV2Q GRLWDORUVSU«FLVHUODTXDQWLW«GXYDVHTXHQRXV«WXGLRQV&RPSWHWHQXGHVGLIILFXOW«V GXUHPRQWDJHFHWWHTXDQWLW«HVWVRXYHQWWUªVLQI«ULHXUH¢ODTXDQWLW«WRWDOHGHWHVVRQV /ɛLQGLFHGɛ«WDOHPHQWSURSUHPHQWGLW OHɛ HVWGRQQ«SDUb 36 OHɛSHUPHWGRQFGHPHVXUHUOɛDLUHGHGLVSHUVLRQHQIRQFWLRQGHOɛHQFRPEUHPHQWLQLWLDO HWGHODIUDFWLRQ«WXGL«H b 4.1.4.2. Dynamique spatiale des dépôts céramiques Comparaisons entre les différents indicateurs (cf. annexe et fig. 116) 37 /HVYDOHXUVGHVGLII«UHQWVLQGLFDWHXUVVRQWU«XQLHVGDQVOHVWDEOHDX[9DHW9E fig. 114 HWRUGRQQ«HVSDURUGUHFURLVVDQWDXWRXUGɛXQHYDOHXUFHQWUDOHGDQVOHVWDEOHDX[GH OɛDQQH[H1RXV\UHQYR\RQVOHOHFWHXU'ɛXQHPDQLªUHJ«Q«UDOHRQVHUHQGFRPSWHHQ FRPSDUDQWODYDOHXUGHVLQGLFDWHXUV GHUQLHUWDEOHDXGHOɛDQQH[H TXHSUHVTXHWRXWHV OHVFRPELQDLVRQVVRQWSRVVLEOHV'HVYDVHVWUªVGLVSHUV«VHWWUªV«WDO«VSHXYHQW¬WUH LQGLII«UHPPHQWELHQRXPDOFRQVHUY«V'HVYDVHVWUªVGLVSHUV«VVRQWSHXRXIRUWHPHQW IUDJPHQW«VHWF&HSHQGDQWTXHOTXHVWHQGDQFHVVHGHVVLQHQW$LQVLODGLPLQXWLRQGHOD GLVSHUVLRQHWODGLPLQXWLRQGHOɛ«WDOHPHQWVRQWOL«HV¢XQHDXJPHQWDWLRQGXGHJU«GH FRQVHUYDWLRQ,OVɛDJLWGɛXQHFRPELQDLVRQORJLTXHSXLVTXHGHVYDVHVSHXUHPDQL«VVRQW ELHQ  FRQVHUY«V  0DLV  FRQWUH  WRXWH  DWWHQWH  FHV  P¬PHV  IDFWHXUV  VRQW  DVVRFL«V  ¢  XQH DXJPHQWDWLRQGHODIUDJPHQWDWLRQ 231 ● Fig. 116 – Plans de liaison ou de dispersion correspondant à quatre types de combinaisons entre la dispersion et l’étalement. 1 : vase 2c, fortement dispersé et très étalé. 2 : vase 1c, peu étalé et peu dispersé ; ce vase est très fragmenté et l’observation porte sur la moitié de ses fragments. 3 : vase 7c peu dispersé et très peu étalé car l’estimation ne porte que sur moins d’un quart de ses fragments. 4 : vase 3l, très dispersé et peu étalé. 5 : vase 3c, très peu dispersé ; ce vase est très étalé compte tenu de son faible encombrement initial. Les tableaux donnent les valeurs des différents indicateurs présentés dans le texte. 38 3RXUWHQWHUGɛH[SOLTXHUFHVUHODWLRQVDPELYDOHQWHVQRXVDYRQV«WXGL«ODYDULDWLRQGHFHV LQGLFDWHXUVHQIRQFWLRQGHOHXUGLVWULEXWLRQGDQVOHVHFWHXURXHVW<DWɖLOSDUH[HPSOH XQHUHODWLRQHQWUHOHGHJU«GHFRQVHUYDWLRQHWOɛHPSODFHPHQWGHVYDVHVb" 39 'DQVFHUWDLQHV]RQHVGXVHFWHXURXHVW fig. 115 OHVWHVVRQVVHPEOHQWDYRLUVXELXQSOXV JUDQGUHPDQLHPHQWTXLVHPDQLIHVWHSDUXQ«WDOHPHQWSDUIRLVLPSRUWDQW&HV]RQHV VRQWHQUHODWLRQDYHFFHUWDLQHVSDUWLFXODULW«VGXVROQDWXUHO1RXVDYRQVLQWURGXLWGDQV OɛDQDO\VHOHIDFWHXUmbDVSHFWGXVXEVWUDWb}/HVHFWHXURXHVWSHXWVHGLYLVHUHQWURLV]RQHV SULQFLSDOHV  /D  SUHPLªUH  ¢  OɛDUULªUH  GH  OD  FDEDQHb  SURIRQGH  QH  FRPSRUWH  SDV  GH GLDFODVHVLPSRUWDQWHVHWSU«VHQWHXQIDLEOHSHQGDJH/DVHFRQGH¢OɛDYDQWHWDXFHQWUH HVW  SURIRQG«PHQW  ILVVXU«H  HW  SURSLFH  ¢  GɛLPSRUWDQWV  VRXWLUDJHV  D\DQW  DVSLU«  XQH IUDFWLRQ  GHV  WHUUHV  DUFK«RORJLTXHVb  FDUDFW«ULVWLTXHV  TXH  OɛRQ  UHWURXYH  GDQV  OD  SOXV JUDQGHSDUWLHGXORFXVTXLFRQVWLWXHODWURLVLªPH]RQH 40 ,ODSSDUD°WTXHOHVGHJU«VGHFRQVHUYDWLRQHWGHUHVWLWXWLRQOHVSOXV«OHY«VDLQVLTXHOD IUDJPHQWDWLRQ  HW  OD  GLVSHUVLRQ  OD  PRLQV  LPSRUWDQWH  VRQW  SURSUHV  ¢  OD  ]RQHb  YRLU DQQH[H /HVYDVHV\VRQWSHXG«JUDG«VHWSHXUHPDQL«VGDQVXQVHFWHXURXOHVXEVWUDW HVW  SHX  ILVVXU«  $  OɛLQYHUVH  Oɛ«WDOHPHQW  \  HVW  LPSRUWDQW  'DQV  OH  ORFXV  FH  GHUQLHU SDUDPªWUH  DLQVL  TXH  OD  IUDJPHQWDWLRQ  VRQW  EHDXFRXS  PRLQV  «OHY«V  TXɛDLOOHXUV  HW  OD GLVSHUVLRQ  HVW  «TXLYDOHQWH  ¢  FHOOH  GH  OD  ]RQHb  2Q  UHPDUTXHUD  TXH  Oɛ«WDOHPHQW  HVW LPSRUWDQWO¢R»OHVWHVVRQVRQWPRLQVGHULVTXHGɛ¬WUHSL«J«VSDUGHVGLDFODVHV'ɛDXWUH SDUWODFRPELQDLVRQ«WDOHPHQWLPSRUWDQWGLVSHUVLRQHWIUDJPHQWDWLRQU«GXLWHVPRQWUH OH  FDUDFWªUH  QRQ  DQWKURSLTXH  GX  UHPDQLHPHQW  (QILQ  OD  GLVSHUVLRQ  GHV  IUDJPHQWV 232 VɛDFFUR°WGDQVOHV]RQHVOHVSOXVILVVXU«HV,OVɛDJLWGɛXQDXWUHLQGLFHHQIDYHXUGɛXQ UHPDQLHPHQW  QDWXUHO  1RXV  DYRQV  WHQW«  GH  OH  Y«ULILHU  SDU  Oɛ«WXGH  VSDWLDOH  GHV WUDMHFWRLUHVGHOLDLVRQ b Etude du déplacement et positionnement 41 8QHDQDO\VHGHVSURMHFWLRQVYHUWLFDOHVGHVWHVVRQVSHUPHWWUDLWGHPLHX[YLVXDOLVHUOHXU GLVSHUVLRQ1RXVDYRQVFKRLVLXQHP«WKRGHSOXVUDSLGHQRXVSHUPHWWDQWGHPHWWUHHQ UDSSRUWOɛDVSHFWDFWXHOGXVXEVWUDWDYHFOHSHQGDJHb 42 ɘbGHVOLDLVRQVS«ULSK«ULTXHVGHFKDTXHYDVHb ɘbGHVOLDLVRQVOHVSOXVORQJXHV 43 /HVDOWLWXGHVGHVWHVVRQVHQUHODWLRQDYHFOHODSLD]GRQQHQWXQHLG«HGHODSRVLWLRQ LQLWLDOHGHFKDTXHU«FLSLHQW SDUWLFXOLªUHPHQWHQUHOHYDQWODSRVLWLRQGHVIRQGVHWGHV ERUGV &HWWHP«WKRGHSHUPHWGHSDVVHUGXSODQGHOLDLVRQVXSHUSRV«DXVXEVWUDW¢ OɛDQDO\VHGXP«FDQLVPHGHGLVSHUVLRQHQWHQDQWFRPSWHGHODSRVLWLRQGHVERUGVGX YDVH %  fig. 117 1RWUHDWWHQWLRQVɛHVWSRUW«HVXUODSDUWLHFHQWUDOHGHODFDEDQHbbHW VXUODSDUWLHDYDQWGXORFXVbFHVRQWOHV]RQHVR»OHPDW«ULHOF«UDPLTXHHVWOHSOXV GLVSHUV«HWR»ODFRQIURQWDWLRQGHVGLII«UHQWVLQGLFDWHXUVSRVHXQSUREOªPH ● Fig. 117 – Méthode d’analyse et de dispersion des vases en rapport avec la morphologie du substrat. 1 : exemple de plan de liaison du vase 3c. 2 : plan d’étude de dispersion et de remaniement du même vase ; représentation des liaisons les plus longues avec le sens de leur pendage, position des tessons du bord (B), indication du pendage du substrat et notation des altitudes. b Cabane 1 (fig. 118) 44 ɘb/HVYDVHVbFFHWbF«WDLHQWLQLWLDOHPHQWSODF«VFRQWUHOHPXUHVWHWOHXUVIUDJPHQWV RQW  VXLYL  OH  SHQGDJH  QDWXUHO  GɛXQH  JUDQGH  GLDFODVH  SHUSHQGLFXODLUH  ¢  OɛD[H  GH OɛKDELWDWLRQ 233 ɘb/HYDVHbFSODF«¢Oɛ«FDUWDVXLYLOHSHQGDJHGɛXQHDXWUHGLDFODVH ɘb/HSDQQHDXGHYDVHbF«WDLWSODF«VXUXQUHSODWGXVXEVWUDWXPHQSRVLWLRQKDXWH ɘb/HYDVHbFVɛHVWHQIRQF«HQSRVLWLRQIRQFWLRQQHOOHHQJOLVVDQWOHORQJGHODSDURL GɛXQHGLDFODVHbLOGHYDLW¬WUHLQLWLDOHPHQWSRV«VXUXQUHSODWGXVXEVWUDW ɘb/H  YDVHbF  D  VXEL  XQ  G«SODFHPHQW  VLPLODLUH  VRXWLU«  HW  SL«J«  WUªV  EDV  GDQV  XQH GLDFODVH ɘb/HVYDVHVbFHWbFDLQVLTXHOHSDQQHDXGHYDVHbF«WDLHQWLVRO«VVXUXQUHSODWbOHXUV WHVVRQVRQWJOLVV«GDQVXQHGLDFODVH ● Fig. 118 – Plans de dispersion de 9 vases de la cabane 1 et de 3 vases du locus 1. b Locus 1 (fig. 118) 45 ɘb/HVYDVHVbOHWbOVHWURXYDLHQWVXUOHUHSODWSLTXHW«GXVXEVWUDWXPbOHXUVWHVVRQVRQW VXLYLOHVHQVGXSHQGDJHGɛXQHGLDFODVHSHUSHQGLFXODLUHPHQW¢OɛD[HGXORFXV ɘb/HYDVHbOVHWURXYDLWYUDLVHPEODEOHPHQW¢SUR[LPLW«GXYDVHbOGRQWOHVIUDJPHQWV GLVSRV«VVXUXQIDLEOHUHOLHIVHVRQWSHXGLVSHUV«V ɘb/HSDQQHDXGHYDVHbO«WDLWHQSRVLWLRQKDXWHVXUXQUHSODWbOHVWHVVRQVRQWJOLVV«YHUV OHFHQWUHGXORFXV 46 &HVGHVFULSWLRQVUHQIRUFHQWOɛK\SRWKªVHIRUPXO«H(QHIIHWOHVWHVVRQVQHVRQWSDV«WDO«V VHORQOHVYRLHVGHSDVVDJHVXSSRV«HV VHORQOHVD[HVORQJLWXGLQDX[GHVXQLW«VGɛKDELWDW HW  GDQV  OHV  D[HV  GH  FRPPXQLFDWLRQ  ORFXVɖFDEDQH  FDEDQHɖVWUXFWXUHb  PDLV  VHORQ  OH SHQGDJHGXVROHQGLUHFWLRQGHV]RQHVGHVRXWLUDJH VHORQOHVD[HVWUDQVYHUVDX[GX ORFXVHWGHODFDEDQHb &HVDQDO\VHVFRQILUPHQWGRQFTXHOHUHPDQLHPHQWGHVYDVHV «WXGL«VHVWG½¢GHVSK«QRPªQHVQDWXUHOV&HVFRQFOXVLRQVVɛDSSOLTXHQWDX[VHXOVYDVHV SULVHQFRPSWHGDQVFHWWH«WXGH b 234 4.1.5. 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Distribution spatiale des caractéristiques fonctionnelles et morphologiques des vases 4.2.2.1. Rapports entre forme et fonction 55 'HQRPEUHX[DUFK«RORJXHVDFFRUGHQW¢FHUWDLQHVIRUPHVXQXVDJHTXDVLXQLYHUVHO/HV JUDQGHVMDUUHVVRQWFRQVLG«U«HVFRPPHGHVU«FLSLHQWVGHVWLQ«VDXVWRFNDJHGHOɛHDX YDVHVɖFLWHUQHV RXUHPSOLVVDQWODIRQFWLRQGHVLORV YDVHV¢SURYLVLRQV /HVU«FLSLHQWV¢ FRO  «WURLW  VHUDLHQW  ¢  OɛLPDJH  GHV  DPSKRUHV  GHVWLQ«V  ¢  FRQVHUYHU  OHV  OLTXLGHV  &HWWH GHUQLªUHXWLOLVDWLRQHVWSURSRV«HSDUH[HPSOHSDU3b3HWUHTXLQ 3HWUHTXLQbbb SRXU  OHV  DPSKRUHV  ¢  FRO  GX  QLYHDX  Q«ROLWKLTXH  DQFLHQ  GH  OD  JURWWH  GH  *RQYLOODUG 'RXEV   TXL  QH  SU«VHQWHQW  DXFXQH  WUDFH  GH  UHFXLVVRQ  &HSHQGDQW  OH  UDSSRUW  HQWUH OɛXVDJHHWODIRUPHQɛHVWSDVVHXOHPHQWOHIDLWGɛXQHFRQYHQWLRQPDLVVHWURXYHIRQG« SDUGHVREVHUYDWLRQVHWKQRJUDSKLTXHV&ɛHVWOHFDVGDQVOɛ«WXGHGɛ$b*DOOD\ *DOOD\b SRUWDQWVXUXQLVRODWGRJRQGX0DOLTXLGRQQHGHVLQGLFDWLRQVVXUOHVUHODWLRQVHQWUHOD IRUPH  HW  OɛXVDJH  ,O  QRXV  SDUD°W  LQW«UHVVDQW  GɛDSSOLTXHU  FHV  GRQQ«HV  LVVXHV  GH OɛREVHUYDWLRQGɛXQXVDJHU«HO ¢Oɛ«WXGHFRPSDUDWLYHGHVU«FLSLHQWVGH%RXVVDUJXHV(W FHFL  GɛDXWDQW  SOXV  TXH  OHV  FDW«JRULHV  GH  OD  F«UDPLTXH  GRJRQ  HW  SU«KLVWRULTXH  VRQW SUHVTXHWRWDOHPHQWVXSHUSRVDEOHV/HVFDW«JRULHVGHV'RJRQVVRQWOHVVXLYDQWHVb 56 ɘbU«FLSLHQWODUJHPHQWRXYHUW U«FLSLHQW¢HDX¢XVDJHTXRWLGLHQ b ɘbU«FLSLHQW  VSK«ULTXH  ¢  FRO  FRXUW  U«FLSLHQW  ¢  WRXW  IDLUH  HW  HQ  SDUWLFXOLHU  ¢  XVDJH FXOLQDLUH b ɘbU«FLSLHQWVSK«ULTXH¢FROIHUP« FRQVHUYDWLRQGHVOLTXLGHV b ɘbU«FLSLHQWF\OLQGULTXH VWRFNDJHGHOɛHDXHWVWRFNDJHGLYHUVSDUH[WHQVLRQ  57 /HYROXPHHVWDXVVLSULVHQFRPSWHHWSHXWPRGLILHUFHFODVVHPHQWbOHVU«FLSLHQWVGH JUDQGH  WDLOOH  TXHOOH  TXH  VRLW  OHXU  FDW«JRULH  SHXYHQW  VHUYLU  DX  VWRFNDJH  DLQVL  OHV U«FLSLHQWVVSK«ULTXHVUHPSOLVVHQWVRXYHQWOHVP¬PHVIRQFWLRQVTXHGHVYDVHVGHIRUPH F\OLQGULTXH bOHVU«FLSLHQWVGHSHWLWHWDLOOHHQSDUWLFXOLHUFHX[GHIRUPHVSK«ULTXHVRQW HQJ«Q«UDOU«VHUY«VDXSRUWDJH 58 /ɛHQVHPEOHGHFHVXVDJHVHVWOL«DXF\FOHGHOɛHDXGRQWOɛLPSRUWDQFHHVWYLWDOHGDQVFHWWH U«JLRQ GH Oɛ$IULTXH /ɛLQW«U¬W HVVHQWLHO GH FH W\SH GH FODVVLILFDWLRQ HVW GH U«Y«OHU OD IURQWLªUHW\SRORJLTXHTXLSHUPHWGHGLVWLQJXHUOɛXVDJHGHVYDVHV'DQVXQDXWUHF\FOH FHOXLGHODFXHLOOHWWHSDUH[HPSOHODIRQFWLRQGɛXQHGHFHVFODVVHVSHXW¬WUHGLII«UHQWH $LQVLDX1«ROLWKLTXHILQDO¢ODVWDWLRQbGH&ODLUYDX[ɖOHVɖ/DFV -XUD OHVJUDQGHVMDUUHV VXEVSK«ULTXHVRXVXEF\OLQGULTXHV¢IRQGURQGSRUWHQWGHVWUDFHVGHFKRFVWKHUPLTXHV HW  SDUIRLV  GHV  U«VLGXV  GH  FXLVVRQ  FDUERQLV«V  TXL  LQGLTXHQW  XQH  SRVVLEOH  XWLOLVDWLRQ FRPPHU«FLSLHQWGHFXLVVRQ 3HWUHTXLQb  59 1RXV  UHWURXYRQV  FHV  GLYLVLRQV  GDQV  Oɛ«WXGH  GHV  YDVHV  GH  OD  *URWWH  GHV  3ODQFKHV 3HWUHTXLQb   6XU  FH  VLWH  LQWHUYLHQW  OH  FDOFXO  GHV  YROXPHV  TXL  VHUW  ¢  G«ILQLU  OHV 236 FRQWHQDQFHVPR\HQQHVGHVFDW«JRULHVW\SRORJLTXHV3DUPLbFDW«JRULHVWURLVJUDQGV W\SHVSHXYHQW¬WUHG«JDJ«Vb 60 ɘbOHVSHWLWVSRWVRXFUXFKHVFRXSHVJRGHWVEROVGHbbbHWPRLQVb ɘbOHVMDUUHVJUDQGVSRWVHWFUXFKHVMXVTXɛ¢bbOb ɘbOHVMDUUHVGHVWLQ«HVDXVWRFNDJHGHbbOHWSOXV 61 &HV  GLII«UHQWV  H[HPSOHV  QRXV  RQW  DLG«  ¢  GLVWLQJXHU  ¢  %RXVVDUJXHV  OHV  FDW«JRULHV FKDOFROLWKLTXHVVXLYDQWHVb 62 ɘbFODVVHbb  OHV  U«FLSLHQWV  GH  VWRFNDJH  SRVVLEOH  F\OLQGULTXHV  HW  VSK«ULTXHV  GH  SOXV GHbbOb ɘbFODVVHbbOHVU«FLSLHQWVGHFRQVHUYDWLRQGHVOLTXLGHVRXDOLPHQWV¢RXYHUWXUHU«WU«FLHb FHWWHFODVVHSU«VHQWHGHVIRUPHVLQWHUP«GLDLUHVDYHFODVXLYDQWHb ɘbFODVVHbb  OHV  U«FLSLHQWV  ¢  XVDJH  FXOLQDLUH  VSK«ULTXHV  HQWUHbbHWbbO  HX[  DXVVL WUDQVSRUWDEOHVb ɘbFODVVHbbmbOHVU«FLSLHQWV¢HDXb}¢RXYHUWXUHODUJHGHIRUPHEDVVHb ɘbFODVVHbbmbOHVU«FLSLHQWV¢HDXb}¢RXYHUWXUHODUJHGHIRUPHKDXWH b 4.2.2.2 Comparaisons fonctionnelles (fig. 121) Cabane 1 63 /HVWDEOHDX[9,DHW9,E fig. 119bHWb120 UHSU«VHQWHQWOHQRPEUHGHYDVHVGHFKDTXH FODVVHSDUVWUXFWXUHGɛKDELWDWHWSDUJURXSHVGHU«FLSLHQWV$SDUWLUGHOɛDSSUR[LPDWLRQ GHVYROXPHVQRXVDYRQVFRPSDU«ODFRQWHQDQFHWRWDOHUHSU«VHQW«HSDUFKDTXHJURXSH GHU«FLSLHQWGHODFDEDQHbbHWODU«SDUWLWLRQGHVYROXPHVGHFKDTXHFODVVHIRQFWLRQQHOOH GH  YDVHV  (QWUH  SDUHQWKªVHV  VRQW  GRQQ«HV  OHV  FRQWHQDQFHV  PR\HQQHV  SRXU  FKDTXH JURXSH ● Fig. 119 – Tableau VI a : analyse fonctionnelle des vases. Nombre de vases par classe fonctionnelle dans les deux unités d’habitat. ● Fig. 120 – Tableau VI b : analyse fonctionnelle des vases. Nombre de vases par classe fonctionnelle dans chaque groupe des deux unités d’habitat. Les groupes A et B de la cabane 1 ont une composition symétrique. 237 ● Fig. 121 – Classes fonctionnelles. Le plan du haut représente la répartition dans le secteur ouest de 5 classes fonctionnelles. Au‑dessous, distribution numérique de ces classes entre les groupes de vases A et B dans la cabane 1. Les chiffres se rapportent aux classes : 1 : récipients de stockage possible, cylindriques et sphériques, de plus de 80 l. 2 : récipients de conservation des liquides ou aliments, à ouverture rétrécie. 3 : récipients culinaires, sphériques, entre 8 et 151. 4 : « récipients à eau » à ouverture large de forme basse. 5 : « récipients à eau » à ouverture large de forme haute. ● Fig. 122 – Tableau VII : analyse de la distribution des formes dans la cabane 1 montrant une différence morphologique entre le groupe A et B. 238 64 Classe 1 *URXSH$ FFF ɣbO bO *URXSH% FF ɣbO O 65 Classe 2 *URXSH$ FF ɣbO bO *URXSH% FFF ɣbO bO 66 Classe 3 *URXSH$ FF ɣbO bO *URXSH% FF ɣbO bO 67 Classe 4 *URXSH$ FF bO bO *URXSH% F ɣbO bO 68 Classe 5 *URXSH$ FF ɣbO bO *URXSH% FF ɣbO bO 69 &H TXL UHSU«VHQWH XQ YROXPH GHbbOLWUHV SRXU OH JURXSH $ HW GHbbOLWUHV SRXU OH JURXSH%bVRLWXQHFLQTXDQWDLQHGHOLWUHVGHGLII«UHQFH/DVRPPHGHVYROXPHVGHV U«FLSLHQWV  GH  FKDTXH  FODVVH  HVW  WUªV  SURFKH  GɛXQ  JURXSH  ¢  OɛDXWUH  /HV  YDULDWLRQV GHYLHQQHQWQ«JOLJHDEOHVVLOɛRQWLHQWFRPSWHGHOɛDSSUR[LPDWLRQGHVFRQWHQDQFHV8QH VHXOHGLII«UHQFHLPSRUWDQWHH[LVWHDXQLYHDXGHODUHSU«VHQWDWLRQGHVYDVHVGHVWRFNDJH FODVVHb  70 6LSDUFRQWUHRQFDOFXOHOHVYROXPHVPR\HQVGHFKDTXHFODVVH FKLIIUHVFLɖGHVVXVHQWUH SDUHQWKªVHV HWOHYROXPHPR\HQWRWDOGHFKDTXHJURXSHTXLYDXWbbOLWUHVSRXUOH JURXSH$HWbbOLWUHVSRXUOHJURXSH%RQVɛDSHU©RLWTXHOHVFODVVHVVRQWEHDXFRXS SOXVSURFKHVGHX[¢GHX[HWTXHOHVJURXSHV$HW%VRQWV\P«WULTXHV 71 6LOHYROXPHWRWDODFFXVHGHVGLII«UHQFHVSDUIRLVLPSRUWDQWHVOHYROXPHPR\HQTXHOɛRQ SRXUUDLW  TXDOLILHU  mbGɛXVDJHb}  HVW  «TXLYDOHQW  /D  fig. 124bLOOXVWUH  OD  U«SDUWLWLRQ  TXDVL V\P«WULTXHGXQRPEUHHWGHODFRQWHQDQFHGHVYDVHVSRXUFKDTXHFODVVHGHVJURXSHVb$ HW%/HVGHX[JURXSHVFRUUHVSRQGHQW¢GHX[EDWWHULHVGHYDVHVFRQVWLWX«HVVHORQXQ VWDQGDUGFRPPXQ 72 1RXVDYRQVUDVVHPEO«GDQVXQDXWUHJURXSH & OHVYDVHVSRVLWLRQQ«V¢OɛDYDQWGHOD FDEDQHb  /HV  YDVHV  F  F  HWbF  VHPEOHQW  UHJURXS«V  DX  FRQWDFW  GɛXQH  U«VHUYH  GH JODQGV/HYDVHbFSOXVLVRO«HVWYUDLVHPEODEOHPHQWOL«¢XQH]RQHGHEUR\DJH/HXUV FDUDFW«ULVWLTXHVG«FRUDWLYHVQHSHUPHWWHQWSDVGHOHVUDWWDFKHUDYHFFHUWLWXGH¢XQGHV JURXSHVGHODFDEDQHb/HXUYROXPHWRWDOHVWGɛHQYLURQbbOLWUHV b Locus 73 6HXOHVOHVFODVVHVbbHWbbVRQWELHQUHSU«VHQW«HVPDLVWUªVLQ«JDOHPHQWVHORQOHVJURXSHVb OHVYDVHVGHODFODVVHbHQPDMRULW«GDQVOHJURXSH(UHSU«VHQWHQWHQYLURQbbOLWUHV FRQWUHVHXOHPHQWbbOLWUHVSRXUFKDTXHDXWUHJURXSHDORUVTXHOHVYDVHVGHFODVVHbbVRQW GHX[  IRLV  SOXV  UHSU«VHQW«V  GDQV  OH  JURXSHb(  TXH  GDQV  OH  JURXSHb) UHVSHFWLYHPHQWbbHWbbOLWUHV   &HV  FKLIIUHV  DWWHVWHQW  GH  OD  GLVSDULW«  IRQFWLRQQHOOH  HW TXDQWLWDWLYHHQWUHOHVGLII«UHQWVJURXSHVGXORFXV 239 74 3DU  DLOOHXUV  OHV  YDOHXUV  YROXP«WULTXHV  WRWDOHV  DFFHQWXHQW  OHV  GLII«UHQFHV  HQWUH  OHV P¬PHVFODVVHVGHU«FLSLHQWVGXORFXVHWGHODFDEDQHbbHWUHQIRUFHQWOɛK\SRWKªVHGɛXQH FRPSO«PHQWDULW«GHVDFWLYLW«VGHVXQLW«VGHOɛKDELWDW b 4.2.2.3. Comparaisons morpho‑techniques entre les groupes A et B de la cabane 1 Formes 75 /DGLVWULEXWLRQGHVFODVVHVPRUSKRORJLTXHV FI,Oib HQWUHOHVJURXSHV$HW%GHOD FDEDQHbbVRQWGRQQ«HVGDQVOHWDEOHDX9,, ILJ  76 &HWDEOHDXLOOXVWUHXQHGLII«UHQFHGDQVODU«SDUWLWLRQGHVFODVVHVW\SRORJLTXHVHQWUHOH JURXSH  $  GDQV  OHTXHO  XQH  PDMRULW«  GH  YDVHV  VRQW  GH  IRUPH  F\OLQGULTXH  RX  ¢  SDQVH UHQIO«H  HW  FRO  FRQYHUJHQW  HW  OH  JURXSH  %  TXL  FRPSRUWH  SOXV  GH  IRUPHV  DSODWLHV VSK«ULTXHVRYR±GHVHWF\OLQGULTXHV b Décors 77 8QHDXWUHGLII«UHQFHH[LVWHGDQVODU«SDUWLWLRQGHVG«FRUVLOOXVWU«HGDQVOHWDEOHDX9,,, fig. 123   TXL  UHSUHQG  OD  GLVWULEXWLRQ  GHV  SURF«G«V  G«FRUDWLIV  DLQVL  TXH  OHV FDUDFW«ULVWLTXHVVW\OLVWLTXHVGHVJURXSHV$HW% HQQRPEUHGHYDVHV 1RXVQɛDYRQV UHWHQXGDQVFHWDEOHDXTXHOHVDVSHFWVOHVSOXVGLVFULPLQDQWV/HVGLII«UHQFHVHQWUHOHV GHX[JURXSHVU«VLGHQW¢ODIRLVGDQVOHVW\SHVHWOHVFRPELQDLVRQVGHVG«FRUV fig. 124  ● Fig. 123 – Tableau VIII : analyse de la distribution des décors dans la cabane 1 montrant une différence entre les groupes A et B. 240 ● Fig. 124 – Les trois groupes de vases de la cabane 1. Les groupes A et B sont situés à proximité des foyers arrière et central ; le groupe C est près de l’entrée. Les vases en trait plein sont ceux sur lesquels a porté l’étude comparative. 78 &HTXLIUDSSHFɛHVWODGLVSDULW«HQWUHODUHODWLYHH[XE«UDQFHG«FRUDWLYHGXJURXSH$HWOD VREUL«W«GXJURXSHb%'DQVFHJURXSHOHVG«FRUVQHVRQWUHSU«VHQW«V¢XQHH[FHSWLRQ SUªVTXHSDUGHVFRUGRQVXQLVVDQWOHVSU«KHQVLRQV3DUFRQWUHGDQVOHJURXSHb$OHV UHJLVWUHVG«FRUDWLIVVRQWYDUL«VbPRWLIVGLVSRV«VHQP«WRSHVHQDUFHDX[HQJXLUODQGHV DLQVLTXHFRUGRQVPXOWLSOHV&HUWDLQVG«FRUVSODF«VV\P«WULTXHPHQWGHSDUWHWGɛDXWUH GHVPR\HQVGHSU«KHQVLRQGRQQHQWXQU\WKPHDX[FRPSRVLWLRQVTXHOɛRQUHWURXYHVXU DXPRLQVbbYDVHV ILJ  b 4.2.2.4. Comparaisons morpho‑techniques entre les groupes E, F et G du locus 79 &RPPHOHPRQWUHQWOHVWDEOHDX[,;DEHWF fig. 125 DXFXQHGLVSDULW«QɛDSX¬WUHPLVH HQ  «YLGHQFH  GDQV  OH  ORFXV  R»  OHV  IRUPHV  HW  G«FRUV  GLII«UHQWV  VɛDVVRFLHQW  HW  VH U«SDUWLVVHQWXQLIRUP«PHQW6HXOOHJURXSHb*SU«VHQWHXQSRO\PRUSKLVPHHWXQHYDUL«W« GH  G«FRUV  TXL  UDSSHOOHQW  OHV  FDUDFW«ULVWLTXHV  GX  JURXSH  $  4XDQW  DX[  WURLV  DXWUHV HQVHPEOHVLOVQHFRPSRUWHQWSDVDVVH]GHYDVHVSRXUSRXYRLUMXJHUGHOHXU«YHQWXHOOH LQGLYLGXDOLW«W\SRORJLTXH 241 ● Fig. 125 – Tableau IX a : analyse de la distribution des formes entre les groupes de vases du locus. Tableau IX b : analyse de la distribution des techniques décoratives dans les différents groupes du locus. Tableau IX c : analyse de la distribution des motifs décoratifs dans les différents groupes du locus. b 4.2.2.5. Conclusion 80 /ɛ«WXGHGHODGLVWULEXWLRQGHVJURXSHVGHSRWHULHVGHODFDEDQHbU«YªOHOɛH[LVWHQFH¢ SUR[LPLW«  GHV  GHX[  DLUHV  GH  FRPEXVWLRQ  GH  GHX[  EDWWHULHV  GH  U«FLSLHQWV  TXL  VH FRPSRVHQWGDQVOHVP¬PHVSURSRUWLRQVGHVP¬PHVFODVVHVGHYDVHVDX[IRQFWLRQVHW DX[YROXPHVPR\HQVYRLVLQV 81 6L  FHWWH  RUJDQLVDWLRQ  ELQDLUH  UDSSHOOH  FHOOH  GX  FRXSOH  IRXUIR\HU  *XLODLQH &RXODURXbb3DVVDUGb Oɛ«TXLYDOHQFHIRQFWLRQQHOOHGHVYDVHVOL«V¢FHVVWUXFWXUHV DWWHVWHSOXW¶WOHG«URXOHPHQWGɛDFWLYLW«VV\P«WULTXHVDXWRXUGHGHX[IR\HUVFXOLQDLUHV 82 0¬PHVLVXUOHSODQGHVYROXPHVXQHGLVSDULW«H[LVWHTXLMRXHVXUWRXWVXUOɛDEVHQFH SUREO«PDWLTXH  GɛXQ  U«FLSLHQW  GH  IRUWH  FRQWHQDQFH  YDVHbF   FHV  FDUDFW«ULVWLTXHV FRUUHVSRQGHQW  SUREDEOHPHQW  DX  VWDQGDUG  F«UDPLTXH  GH  GHX[  XQLW«V  GRPHVWLTXHV «O«PHQWDLUHV 83 &HWDWWLUDLOGRPHVWLTXHVWDQGDUGLV«FRPSDU«VXUOHSODQGHODPRUSKRORJLHU«YªOHGHX[ RSSRVLWLRQVHVVHQWLHOOHVbXQHRSSRVLWLRQHQWUHODYDUL«W«GHVIRUPHVGXJURXSH$HW OɛXQLW«  W\SRORJLTXH  GX  JURXSHb%b  XQH  DXWUH  HQWUH  OD  YDUL«W«  GHV  FRPSRVLWLRQV G«FRUDWLYHVGXJURXSH$HWODVREUL«W«GHVG«FRUVGXJURXSHb%'DQVOHORFXVSDUFRQWUH XQHLPSRUWDQWHGLVSDULW«TXDQWLWDWLYHH[LVWHHQWUHOHVJURXSHVDORUVTXHOɛRQFRQVWDWH XQHKRPRJ«Q«LW«GDQVODU«SDUWLWLRQGHVG«FRUV 84 &HSHQGDQW  OD  W\SRORJLH  G«FRUDWLYH  QɛHVW  SDV  WRWDOHPHQW  H[FOXVLYH  HW  GHV  IRUPHV  VH UHWURXYHQWGɛXQJURXSH¢OɛDXWUHbGDQVODFDEDQHbOHVYDVHVVSK«UR±GDX[RX¢SDQVH 242 UHQIO«HHW¢G«FRUSODVWLTXH FRUGRQV OHVFRXSHVHQFDORWWHOHVYDVHV¢FDUªQHEDVVHOHV YDVHVQRQG«FRU«VFRQVWLWXHQWHQTXHOTXHVRUWHXQmbIRQGFRPPXQb} b 4.2.3. 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Rappel des hypothèses en présence 93 1RXVDYRQVG«M¢«YRTX«GLII«UHQWHVK\SRWKªVHVIRUPXO«HV¢OɛRFFDVLRQGHV«WXGHVGXVRO GɛKDELWDWHWGXPDW«ULHOGHEUR\DJHbDXVHLQGXVHFWHXURXHVWGLYLVLRQVSDWLDOHGHV DFWLYLW«V  VWRFNDJH  EUR\DJH  FXLVVRQ b  GDQV  OH  ORFXV  GRXEOHPHQW  GHV  DFWLYLW«V  GH EUR\DJHHWDLUHVGHVWRFNDJHFRPPXQHVbGDQVODFDEDQHbGRXEOHPHQWGHVDFWLYLW«V GRPHVWLTXHV  GDQV  OHV  ]RQHV  IR\ªUHVb  GLYLVLRQ  LQ«JDOH  GHV  U«VHUYHV  HQWUH  ORFXV  HW FDEDQHb 94 1RXVFRQVWDWRQVHQSUHPLªUHDQDO\VHbXQGRXEOHPHQWGHFHUWDLQHVDLUHVHWDFWLYLW«V EUR\DJH  GDQV  OH  ORFXV  HW  FXLVVRQ  GDQV  OD  FDEDQHb b  OD  PLVH  HQ  FRPPXQ  GɛDXWUHV U«VHUYHVGHJODQGVFRPPXQHVHWVWRFNDJHFRPPXQGHVYDVHVGDQVOHORFXV  95 /ɛ«WXGHGHODGLVWULEXWLRQGHVU«FLSLHQWVGHODFDEDQHbbPRQWUHTXHOHVGHX[HQVHPEOHV IRUPHQW  GHX[  XQLW«V  WHFKQLTXHPHQW  LQG«SHQGDQWHV  G«ILQLHV  SDUb  OHXU  LVROHPHQW GLVWULEXWLRQ  VSDWLDOH b  OHXU  QRPEUH  HW  OHXU  YROXPH  DQDORJXH  GLVWULEXWLRQV QXP«ULTXHV b  OH  SDUDOO«OLVPH  GH  OHXU  GLVWULEXWLRQ  IRQFWLRQQHOOHb  OHXUV  GLII«UHQFHV PRUSKRORJLTXHV GLVWULEXWLRQW\SRORJLTXH  96 &HV  TXDWUH  W\SHV  GɛLQIRUPDWLRQ  VSDWLDOH  QXP«ULTXH  IRQFWLRQQHOOH  W\SRORJLTXH  VHUYHQW  ¢  FDUDFW«ULVHU  OɛK\SRWKªVH  SLYRW  /D  GLVWULEXWLRQ  GHV  SLªFHV  GH  EUR\DJH  GHV U«VHUYHVGHJODQGVHWGHVYDVHVGXORFXVVHURQWFRQIURQW«HVGDQVFHWRUGUHDYHFFHOOHV GHVYDVHVGHVJURXSHV$HW%GHODFDEDQHb b 4.2.4. Partition du matériel de broyage 97 /ɛ«WXGHGXPDW«ULHOGHEUR\DJHU«DOLV«HSDU+0DUFKHVLSRUWHHVVHQWLHOOHPHQWVXUOD U«SDUWLWLRQ  GHV  SLªFHV  HQWUH  OH  ORFXV  HW  OD  FDEDQHb  6DQV  ULHQ  FKDQJHU  DX[ G«WHUPLQDWLRQVQRXVDYRQVFHWWHIRLVDSSOLTX«ODFRPSDUDLVRQHQWUHOHVDLUHVGHWUDYDLO /HWDEOHDXb; fig. 126 GRQQHSRXUFKDTXHHQVHPEOHOHQRPEUHGHSLªFHVHWOHXUSRLGV WRWDOPD[LPXP HQbNJ  244 ● Fig. 126 – Tableau X : tableau récapitulatif des différentes mesures réalisées sur les pièces de broyage, classées par aires de mouture. (*) = dont 1 meule isolée. b 4.2.4.1. Meules 98 3DUPL  OHV  RXWLOV  GLVSRV«V  ¢  OɛDYDQW  GH  OD  FDEDQHb  QRXV  DYRQV  GLVWLQJX«  GHX[ VRXVɖHQVHPEOHVbXQJURXSHSUªVGHOɛHQWU«HXQDXWUHHQWUHOHIR\HUb%HWOHPXUQRUG /HVHQVHPEOHVFRPSDU«VHQWUHHX[DXVHLQGHFKDFXQHGHVXQLW«VGɛKDELWDWSU«VHQWHQW GHVDQDORJLHVQXP«ULTXHV3DUFRQWUHOHXUVSRLGVWRWDX[VRQWGLII«UHQWV GLII«UHQFHGH bGDQVOHVGHX[FDV &HVGLII«UHQFHVVRQWSHXWɖ¬WUHLPSXWDEOHV¢OHXUG«JUDGDWLRQ 'ɛXQSRLQWGHYXHIRQFWLRQQHOVHXOHVOHVPHXOHVGLVSRV«HV¢OɛDYDQWSU«VHQWHQWGHV VWLJPDWHV  GH  SHUFXVVLRQ  ODQF«H  bGDQV  OH  ORFXV  bGDQV  OD  FDEDQHb   /HV  PHXOHV FRQFDYHVHWFRQYH[HVVRQWDEVHQWHVGHODFDEDQHb&ɛHVWODVHXOHGLYLVLRQW\SRORJLTXH UHPDUTXDEOH b 4.2.4.2. 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Partition des autres vestiges 101 /HVJODQGVVRQWDERQGDQWV¢OɛDYDQWHWDXFHQWUHGHVXQLW«VGɛKDELWDW/HVU«VHUYHVQH VRQWSDVQXP«ULTXHPHQW«TXLYDOHQWHV,OHVWLPSRVVLEOHGHGLVWLQJXHUXQHELSDUWLWLRQ QHWWH  GDQV  OH  ORFXV  HW  OD  FDEDQHb  /HV  JURXSHV  GH  YDVHV  GX  ORFXV  SU«VHQWHQW  XQH K«W«URJ«Q«LW«VWDWLVWLTXH QRPEUHHWYROXPH HWIRQFWLRQQHOOHPDLVXQHKRPRJ«Q«LW« W\SRORJLTXH  /HXU  GLVWULEXWLRQ  VSDWLDOH  QH  U«YªOH  DXFXQH  V\P«WULH  /HV  IR\HUV  GH  OD FDEDQHbbVRQW  VXSSRV«V  SU«VHQWHU  XQH  LGHQWLW«  IRQFWLRQQHOOH  OHXU  DVSHFW  HW  OHXU SRVLWLRQ  UHOªYHQW  GɛXQH  FRQFHSWLRQ  GLII«UHQWH  SU«VHQFH  HW  DEVHQFH  GH  VROH  IR\HU FHQWUDOHWIR\HUGɛDQJOH  FIb&RXODURX%DOEXUHb,,,bib 1RXVDYRQV«FDUW«GHFHWWH DQDO\VHOHVJDOHWVSU«VHQWVGDQVODVWUXFWXUHbOɛRXWLOODJHHQVLOH[HWODIDXQHUDUHVGDQV OHVHFWHXURXHVWDLQVLTXHOHVJDOHWVQHSRUWDQWSDVGHWUDFHVGɛXWLOLVDWLRQ b 4.2.6. Qu’ont‑ils possédé ? 102 3RXUWHQWHUGHU«SRQGUH¢ODSUHPLªUHGHVWURLVTXHVWLRQVLOHVWQ«FHVVDLUHGHFRPSDUHU OɛHQVHPEOH  GH  FHV  GLVWULEXWLRQV  DYHF  FHOOH  GX  SK«QRPªQH  SLYRW  /HV  FRUU«ODWLRQV SRVLWLYHV  RX  Q«JDWLYHV  HQWUH  OD  GLVWULEXWLRQ  GHV  JURXSHV  GH  SRWHULHb$  HW  %  HW  OHV U«VHUYHVGHJODQGVRXOHVRXWLOVGHEUR\DJHVRQWGRQQ«HVGDQVOHWDEOHDXb;, fig. 127  &H  WDEOHDX  PRQWUH  TXH  OD  FRUU«ODWLRQ  HVWb  Q«JDWLYH  HQWUH  OH  SK«QRPªQH  SLYRW  OD GLVWULEXWLRQGHVJODQGVHWGHVDXWUHVJURXSHVGHYDVHVbSDUWLHOOHHQWUHOHSK«QRPªQH SLYRWHWODGLVWULEXWLRQGHVSLªFHVGHEUR\DJHbSRVLWLYHHQWUHOHSK«QRPªQHSLYRWHWOHV IR\HUV ● Fig. 127 – Tableau XI : tableau de corrélation entre différentes classes de vestiges de la cabane 1 et du locus 1 en fonction de quatre types de distribution. 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De l’espace domestique à l’espace social 4.2.9.1. Répartition des ressources ? 119 /ɛ«WXGHGHODFRQWHQDQFHWRWDOHGHVYDVHVSDUXQLW«GɛKDELWDW FIb,,,bib U«YªOHTXHOH ORFXVHVWXQOLHXGHVWRFNDJH/DGLVWULEXWLRQGHVU«VHUYHVGHJODQGVHWGHVU«FLSLHQWVGX 250 ORFXVSHUPHWGHVXSSRVHUTXHFHX[ɖFL RXOHXUVDLUHVGHVWRFNDJH «WDLHQWFRPPXQV¢ WRXVOHVRFFXSDQWV'DQVFHFDVFHVRQWOHVDFWLYLW«VHWOHVDLUHVGHWUDQVIRUPDWLRQTXL VRQW LQGLYLGXDOLV«HV DORUV TXH VRQW FRPPXQV OHV ]RQHV GH VWRFNDJH HW SHXWɖ¬WUH OHV SURGXLWVVWRFN«V'DQVQRWUHSURSRVLWLRQOHWUDYDLOHVWHIIHFWX«HQGHX[«WDSHV «FDODJH EUR\DJH  SDU  FKDFXQ  GHV  GHX[  JURXSHV  LQGLYLGXHOOHPHQW  RX  DOWHUQDWLYHPHQW   /D U«SDUWLWLRQGHODFXHLOOHWWHHWGɛXQHSDUWLHGHODSURGXFWLRQHQWUHOHVGHX[JURXSHVHVW GRQFLQGLVSHQVDEOH(OOHVɛHIIHFWXHUDLWDORUVGDQVXQSUHPLHUWHPSVDYDQWOHVDFWLYLW«V GHWUDQVIRUPDWLRQHWGDQVXQVHFRQGWHPSVDYDQWFRQVRPPDWLRQ b 4.2.9.2. Organisation des activités 120 &HVW¤FKHVQHUHIOªWHQWTXɛXQGHVDVSHFWVGHVDFWLYLW«VTXRWLGLHQQHVTXHOɛRQVXSSRVH Q«FHVVDLUHV¢ODVXUYLHGɛXQHFRPPXQDXW«DJURɖSDVWRUDOH/HVHFWHXURXHVWQɛHVWGRQF SDV¢SURSUHPHQWSDUOHUXQHXQLW«GRPHVWLTXHHWQHUHIOªWHTXɛXQHSDUWLHRXTXɛXQH FRXUWH  «WDSH  GɛXQ  PRGH  GH  SURGXFWLRQ  GRPHVWLTXH  DFWLYLW«  VDLVRQQLªUH  HQ  FRXUV  4XHOOHTXHVRLWOɛH[SOLFDWLRQUHWHQXHOɛ«WXGHW«PRLJQHGɛXQHIRUPHGHVHJPHQWDWLRQGHV DFWLYLW«VHWGHODSRSXODWLRQ4XHOTXHVPHPEUHVLVRO«VGHODFRPPXQDXW«YLOODJHRLVH RX  SHXWɖ¬WUH  WHUULWRULDOH  VH  UHJURXSHQW  GDQV  XQH  XQLW«  GɛKDELWDW  &H  UHJURXSHPHQW FRQFHUQHXQHWUDQFKHGHWHPSVQ«FHVVDLUH¢GHVDFWLYLW«VVS«FLDOLV«HVLOSHXWDYRLUSRXU RULJLQH  XQH  GLYLVLRQ  VRFLDOH  GX  WUDYDLO  VHORQ  OH  VH[H  OHV  FODVVHV  Gɛ¤JH  OɛRULJLQH SK\O«WLTXHHWF $FWLYLW«VVDLVRQQLªUHVVSDWLDOLVDWLRQGHVDFWLYLW«VRXVSDWLDOLVDWLRQGH FHUWDLQV  PHPEUHV  GH  OD  FRPPXQDXW«  VH  PDQLIHVWHQW  SHXWɖ¬WUH  ¢  WUDYHUV  OH  VHFWHXU RXHVW,OHVWSRXUOɛLQVWDQWLPSRVVLEOHGHOHSU«FLVHUGXIDLWGHOɛDEVHQFHGHPLVHDXMRXU GɛDFWLYLW«VFRPSO«PHQWDLUHV H[LVWDQWSHXWɖ¬WUHDLOOHXUVVXUOHYLOODJHb"  b 4.2.9.3. Vers un modèle d’organisation de l’espace social 121 /HVREVHUYDWLRQVVXUODSRWHULHPRQWUHQWOɛH[LVWHQFHGɛXQHLQG«SHQGDQFHHQWUHOHVGHX[ XQLW«VVRFLDOHVTXLG«SDVVHOHFDGUHGHODU«SDUWLWLRQGHVW¤FKHV/DGLYLVLRQSK\O«WLTXH GHVGHX[JURXSHVKXPDLQVSHUPHWGɛHQWUHYRLUODGLPHQVLRQV\PEROLTXHGHVGLYLVLRQV GHOɛHVSDFHGRPHVWLTXH$LQVLOHVWURLVWHUPHVGHODGLYLVLRQ VSDWLDOHIRQFWLRQQHOOHHW V\PEROLTXH VHWURXYHQWɖLOVU«XQLVSRXUIRUPHUXQHQVHPEOHTXLWURXYHVDFRK«UHQFHDX VHLQGXPRGHGHSURGXFWLRQGRPHVWLTXHWHOTXɛRQOHG«ILQLWSDUIRLV'HVREVHUYDWLRQV SOXVSRXVV«HVHQVXLYDQWODYRLHWUDF«HSHUPHWWUDLHQWVDQVGRXWHGHUHWURXYHUFHW\SH GH  UHODWLRQ  SRXU  GɛDXWUHV  DFWLYLW«V  U«Y«O«HV  SDU  OD  IRXLOOH  'HV  LQGLFHV  HQ  FH  VHQV PRQWUHQW  TXH  OD  GLYLVLRQ  W\SRORJLTXH  GX  PDW«ULHO  F«UDPLTXH  SRXUUDLW  VH  UHWURXYHU DLOOHXUV  VXU  OH  VRO  GɛKDELWDW  HQ  SDUWLFXOLHU  DXWRXU  GHV  ]RQHV  GH  PRXWXUH  2Q  SHXW VɛDWWHQGUH  ¢  LGHQWLILHU  VXU  GHV  U«FLSLHQWV  DVVRFL«V  ¢  FHV  ]RQHV  YDVHV  FRQWHQDQW  OD PRXWXUH OHVFDUDFW«ULVWLTXHVW\SRORJLTXHVOL«HVDXJURXSHGHVXWLOLVDWHXUV&HV«WXGHV HQFRXUVVHURQWG«YHORSS«HVXOW«ULHXUHPHQW b 4.2.10. 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Les matériaux minéraux 5.1.1. Les matériaux de construction des murs 4 /HVPRHOORQVXWLOLV«VGDQVODFRQVWUXFWLRQGHVFDEDQHV FDEDQHbbHWORFXVb VRQWWRXVGH SURYHQDQFHORFDOH&HFLYHXWGLUHTXɛXQHPDMHXUHSDUWLH¢«W«H[WUDLWHVXUSODFHRXGDQV OHVHQYLURQVLPP«GLDWVGHOɛKDELWDW'HVWUDFHVGɛH[WUDFWLRQGHURFKHVRQWYLVLEOHVVXUOH VLWH  DX  VXG  GH  OD  FDEDQHbbHW  ¢  OɛLQW«ULHXU  P¬PH  GH  OD  FDEDQHb  6RQW  GX  PRLQV LQWHUSU«W«VFRPPHWHOVGHVDIIOHXUHPHQWVHQPDUFKHGɛHVFDOLHU 5 /ɛRULJLQHGHVODX]HVHWGDOOHVXWLOLV«HVGDQVODFRQVWUXFWLRQGHVVWUXFWXUHVURQGHVDYDLW IDLW  OɛREMHW  HQbbGɛXQH  SUHPLªUH  UHFKHUFKH  VRPPDLUH  IRQG«H  XQLTXHPHQW  VXU  XQ VLPSOH  H[DPHQ  VXSHUILFLHO  GHV  PDW«ULDX[  %DOEXUH  et aliib   &HW  H[DPHQ  DYDLW HQWUD°Q«GHVFRQFOXVLRQVHUURQ«HVVXUOɛRULJLQHGHFHVGDOOHVTXHOɛRQFUR\DLWH[WUDLWHV GH  FRXFKHV  GH  FDOFDLUH  UDXUDFLHQ  DIIOHXUDQW  ¢bbNP  HQYLURQ  GX  VLWH  /HV  UHFKHUFKHV U«FHQWHV  GH  /b'DPDLV  RQW  G«PRQWU«  TXH  FHV  PDW«ULDX[  «WDLHQW  HX[  DXVVL  GɛRULJLQH ORFDOH'HVDIIOHXUHPHQWVGHVWUDWHVILQHVVRQWDFWXHOOHPHQWYLVLEOHVWRXWDXORQJGX VHQWLHUTXLFRQGXLWDXVLWHGHSXLVOɛHVWGXSODWHDX b 5.1.2. Les matériaux de couverture de la cabane 1 et du locus 1 6 /DFDEDQHbbHWOHORFXVbb«WDLHQWUHFRXYHUWVSDUXQHWRLWXUHIDLWHGHPDWLªUHY«J«WDOHHW GHSHWLWHVODX]HV RXSODTXHWWHV GHFDOFDLUHHWGHJUªV/ɛRULJLQHGHFHVPDW«ULDX[D«W« SU«FLV«HSDUOɛ«WXGHGH/'DPDLV,OVɛDJLWGHURFKHVSURYHQDQWGHVYHUVDQWVGXEDVVLQ GH&DQWDJULOVbEDVHGX3RUWODQGLHQ&U«WDF«WHUPLQDOHW(RFªQH/HVDIIOHXUHPHQWVOHV SOXV  SURFKHV  VH  VLWXHQW  ¢  XQH  GLVWDQFH  GH  b¢bbP  GX  VLWH  /H  SRLGV  WRWDO  GHV SODTXHWWHV DFWXHOOHPHQW FRQVHUY«HV HVW GHbbbNJ SRXU OH ORFXVbbHW bNJ SRXU OD FDEDQHb  /ɛDFFªV  ¢  OD  G«SUHVVLRQ  GH  &DQWDJULOV  HVW  UHODWLYHPHQW  DLV«  VL  OɛRQ  VXLW  OH YHUVDQWVXGɖHVWGHODFROOLQHGH%RXVVDUJXHVHQVHGLULJHDQWYHUVODFROOLQHGHOD0DWWH (QHIIHW¢OɛRXHVWOHYHUVDQWGRPLQDQWOHYDOORQVHFGX6DXWGHV$LJOHVHVWWUªVDEUXSW (QWUHOHVLWHHWODG«SUHVVLRQODGLII«UHQFHGɛDOWLWXGHHVWGHbbPSRXUXQHGLVWDQFH GHbb¢bbP/HWHPSVGHSDUFRXUVHVWGɛHQYLURQbPQ b 5.1.3. Le matériel de mouture 7 &RPPH  OHV  ODX]HV  GH  WRLWXUH  GH  OD  FDEDQHbbHW  GX  ORFXVb  OHV  PHXOHV  PROHWWHV  HW EUR\HXUVRQW«W«IDEULTX«VDYHFGHVURFKHVJU«VHXVHVGX&U«WDF«WHUPLQDOHWGHOɛ(RFªQH TXL DIIOHXUHQW GDQV OH EDVVLQ GH &DQWDJULOV FRPPH GDQV OD FXYHWWH YRLVLQH GH 3UD[ VLWX«H¢bbNPDXQRUGɖHVWGH%RXVVDUJXHV&HUWDLQVEUR\HXUVVRQWGHVJDOHWVGHTXDUW]LWH GRQWOɛRULJLQHSHXW¬WUHGLYHUVHbG«S¶WVU«VLGXHOVGXSODWHDXSRXGLQJXHVGXEDVVLQGH 9DLOKDXTXªVDOOXYLRQVTXDWHUQDLUHVGHODU«JLRQGH0RQWSHOOLHU/HVPHXOHVHWEUR\HXUV UHSU«VHQWHQWXQSRLGVWRWDOGHbbNJ b 5.1.4. Les galets de quartz laiteux et les galets de schiste 8 /DVWUXFWXUHbbDOLYU«XQJDOHWGHTXDUW]ODLWHX[bGHX[DXWUHVJDOHWVRQW«W«WURXY«V GHYDQWOHORFXVb&HVJDOHWVSURYLHQQHQWYUDLVHPEODEOHPHQWGHVJRUJHVGHOɛ+«UDXOW bNP¢YROGɛRLVHDX  259 9 'X  OLW  GH  Oɛ+«UDXOW  YLHQQHQW  DXVVL  OHV  JDOHWV  GH  VFKLVWH  WURXY«V  JURXS«V  GDQV  OD VWUXFWXUHb4XDUW]ODLWHX[HWVFKLVWHVRQWOHVPDW«ULDX[OHVSOXVDERQGDQWVGDQVOHV G«S¶WVJURVVLHUVGHFHFRXUVGɛHDXGɛRULJLQHF«YHQROH 10 6LOHVKDELWDQWVGH%RXVVDUJXHVVHVRQWUHQGXVHX[ɖP¬PHVDXERUGGHODULYLªUHLOVRQW G½SDUFRXULUXQHGLVWDQFHGɛDXPRLQVbbNPHWSUREDEOHPHQWSOXVVɛLOVRQWFKHUFK«OH PHLOOHXUDFFªV(QHIIHWDXQRUGGH%RXVVDUJXHVOɛ+«UDXOWFRXOHGDQVXQFDQ\RQERUG« GHKDXWHVIDODLVHV6HXOVTXHOTXHVWDOZHJVDEUXSWVSHUPHWWHQWGɛDFF«GHU¢ODULYLªUH GHSXLVOHSODWHDX3OXV¢OɛRXHVWXQHFRPEHSDUWDQWGH3XHFKDERQUHQGOɛDFFªVSOXVDLV« PDLVOHWUDMHWHVWSOXVORQJ,OHVWYUDLTXHFHVJDOHWVQHUHSU«VHQWHQWTXɛXQHIDLEOH FKDUJHbbJSRXUOHVFKLVWHbJSRXUOHTXDUW]/HWHPSVGHSDUFRXUVSHXW¬WUH HVWLP«¢XQHKHXUHHWGHPLHDXPD[LPXP b 5.1.5. L’argile et le dégraissant des poteries 11 /ɛ«WXGH  U«DOLV«H  SDU  -HDQɖ&ODXGH  (FKDOOLHU  IDLW  UHVVRUWLU  OɛH[LVWHQFH  GH  GHX[  JURXSHV S«WURJUDSKLTXHV  /HV  DUJLOHV  HW  G«JUDLVVDQWV  GX  JURXSHb$  VRQW  GɛRULJLQH  SURFKH FRPSOH[H«RFªQHLQI«ULHXUYLWUROOLHQ &HVV«GLPHQWVVRQWSU«VHQWVGDQVOHEDVVLQGH &DQWDJULOV¢bbNPGH%RXVVDUJXHV/HVDUJLOHVHWG«JUDLVVDQWVGXJURXSHb%UHOªYHQWGHV JUDQGVHQVHPEOHVGX-XUDVVLTXHPR\HQHWVXS«ULHXUTXLFRQVWLWXHQWWRXWHOD]RQHVLWX«H DXQRUGHWDXQRUGɖRXHVWGH%RXVVDUJXHVHWDIIOHXUHQW¢PRLQVGHbbNP 12 ,O  HVW  GRQF  SHUPLV  GH  SHQVHU  TXH  OHV  YDVHV  SU«VHQWV  GDQV  OH  VHFWHXU  RXHVW  RQW  «W« IDEULTX«V  VXU  SODFH  RX  HQ  WRXW  FDV  GDQV  XQ  OLHX  SHX  «ORLJQ«  HW  DYHF  GHV  PDW«ULDX[ GɛRULJLQH ORFDOH 1RXV VDYRQV GɛDLOOHXUV TXH OɛXQ DX PRLQV GHV GHX[ YDVHV G«IRUP«V WURXY«VGDQVOHORFXVbYDVHGRQWOHVIUDJPHQWVRQW«W««WXGL«VSDU-ɖ&b(FKDOOLHU«WDLW HQFRXUVGHV«FKDJHDXPRPHQWGHOɛLQFHQGLH8QHSDUWLHDXPRLQVGXVWRFNF«UDPLTXH DGRQF«W«IDEULTX«HVXUSODFH/ɛKRPRJ«Q«LW«GHVJURXSHVS«WURJUDSKLTXHVVXJJªUH XQHFRK«VLRQVRFLDOHGXJURXSHKXPDLQELHQDQFU«GDQVODFRQWU«H b 5.1.6. Autres matériaux lithiques 13 /ɛLQGXVWULHGXVLOH[HVWWUªVPDOUHSU«VHQW«HGDQVOHVHFWHXURXHVWFRPPHGɛDLOOHXUVVXU OɛHQVHPEOH  GX  VLWH  4XHOTXHV  EORFV  GH  FKDLOOH  «FODW«V  ORUV  GH  OɛLQFHQGLH  SURYLHQQHQW YUDLVHPEODEOHPHQWGHVFDOFDLUHVMXUDVVLTXHVORFDX[/HVUDUHV«FODWVG«ELW«VHWSDUIRLV UHWRXFK«VSURYLHQQHQWGɛXQVLOH[SDWLQ«HQEODQF,OVQɛRQWSDV«W«DQDO\V«VPDLVQRXV UHWLHQGURQVGHX[VRXUFHVSRVVLEOHVbOɛ2OLJRFªQHGH9DLOKDXTXªV bNP HWOɛ(RFªQHGH 6DLQWɖ0DUWLQɖGHɖ/RQGUHV bNP ,OVUHSU«VHQWHQWXQHWUªVIDLEOHTXDQWLW«GHPDWLªUH SUHPLªUH b 5.1.7. Le métal cuivreux 14 %LHQTXHQRQDQDO\V«VGHX[REMHWVP«WDOOLTXHVWUªVSUREDEOHPHQWHQFXLYUHRQW«W« G«FRXYHUWV¢%RXVVDUJXHVbXQIUDJPHQWGHODPHGHSRLJQDUGGHYDQWOHORFXVbHWXQH SHUOH  DQQXODLUH  GDQV  OD  VWUXFWXUHb  &RPPH  GɛDXWUHV  JLVHPHQWV  IRQWEX[LHQV  GH  OD JDUULJXHPRQWSHOOL«UDLQH &DPERXV/«ERXVOHb*UDYDV %RXVVDUJXHVDSXE«Q«ILFLHUGX IDLEOH«ORLJQHPHQWGHVJ°WHVPLQ«UDX[GHVEDVVHV&«YHQQHVFDOFDLUHV/HGLVWULFWPLQLHU GH6DLQWɖ/DXUHQWɖOHɖ0LQLHUHVW¢bbNPDXQRUGGH6DLQWɖ0DUWLQɖGHɖ/RQGUHV b 260 5.2. Les macrorestes végétaux 15 /HVJODQGVFDUERQLV«VWURXY«VGDQVOHORFXVbbHWODFDEDQHbbVRQWOHVUHVWHVGHU«VHUYHV DOLPHQWDLUHVG«WUXLWHVSDUOɛLQFHQGLH&HVIUXLWVWRXWFRPPHOHVDUERXVHVHWOHVEDLHVGH *HQ«YULHUVRQWSUREDEOHPHQWGɛRULJLQHORFDOHRXSHX«ORLJQ«H&HVHVVHQFHVY«J«WDOHV SULQFLSDOHPHQW  OH  &K¬QH  YHUW  VRQW  ODUJHPHQW  UHSU«VHQW«HV  GDQV  OH  FRUWªJH  GHV FKDUERQVGHERLVUHFXHLOOLVHQFRXUVGHIRXLOOH1RXVDYRQVG«M¢VLJQDO«TXHFHVIUXLWV YLHQQHQW¢PDWXULW«HQDXWRPQH 16 /HV  UDUHV  F«U«DOHV  HW  JUDLQHV  GH  O«JXPLQHXVHV  SU«VHQWHV  GDQV  OH  VHFWHXU  RXHVW SURYLHQQHQW  VDQV  GRXWH  GH  FXOWXUHV  «WDEOLHV  SDU  OHV  &KDOFROLWKLTXHV  VRLW  GDQV  OD G«SUHVVLRQYRLVLQH EDVVLQGH&DQWDJULOV VRLWVXUOHSODWHDXGH%RXVVDUJXHVGDQVOD PHVXUH  R»  Oɛ«WXGH  J«RPRUSKRORJLTXH  D  PRQWU«  TXɛXQH  FRXYHUWXUH  S«GRORJLTXH DXMRXUGɛKXL  GLVSDUXH  SRXYDLW  H[LVWHU  ORFDOHPHQW  /HV  ERLV  GH  FRQVWUXFWLRQ  HW  GH FRPEXVWLRQSUREDEOHPHQWOH&K¬QHYHUWHQSULRULW«GDQVOHVGHX[FDVGɛXWLOLVDWLRQ «WDLHQWDERQGDQWVVXUSODFH b 5.3. L’eau 17 /H  SUREOªPH  GH  OɛDSSURYLVLRQQHPHQW  HQ  HDX  VH  SRVH  ELHQ  «YLGHPPHQW  GH  PDQLªUH FUXFLDOHHQPLOLHXNDUVWLTXH2QREVHUYHDFWXHOOHPHQWOɛDEVHQFHWRWDOHGɛ«FRXOHPHQW S«UHQQHVXUOHSODWHDXGH%RXVVDUJXHV&HQɛHVWTXHGDQVOHEDVVLQGH&DQWDJULOVHWVRQ SURORQJHPHQWGH6DXJUDVTXLVHWURXYHQWHQFRQWUHEDVGXVLWHTXɛH[LVWHQWSOXVLHXUV «PHUJHQFHVNDUVWLTXHVDFWXHOOHPHQWFDSW«HVSRXUOHVEHVRLQVHQHDXGHVFRPPXQHVGX VHFWHXU  /D  SOXV  SURFKH  HVW  OD  VRXUFH  GH  &DQWDJULOV  bP  GH  GLVWDQFH   (OOH  HVW DFWXHOOHPHQWWHPSRUDLUH/HVVRXUFHVGH6DXJUDV¢bbNPGH%RXVVDUJXHVRQWXQG«ELW LPSRUWDQWHWVRQWSHUPDQHQWHV3OXVSUªVGXVLWHDXSLHGGXSODWHDXXQHSHWLWHVRXUFH VXUJLW  GDQV  OH  &KDPS  GX  7UDYHUV  ,O  VɛDJLW  HQ  IDLW  GɛXQH  VRUWLH  VHFRQGDLUH  GDQV  OHV G«S¶WVFROOXYLDX[GHODG«SUHVVLRQGHODVRXUFHGH&DQWDJULOV/DSHUWHGHVROPDQLIHVWH GHSXLVODS«ULRGHGɛRFFXSDWLRQGXSODWHDXGH%RXVVDUJXHVSDUOHV&KDOFROLWKLTXHVDHX SRXUFRQV«TXHQFHK\GURORJLTXHXQHVRXVɖDOLPHQWDWLRQGHVQDSSHVNDUVWLTXHVHWGHFH IDLWLOHVWSHUPLVGHSHQVHUTXHFHUWDLQHVVRXUFHVDLQVLTXHGHV«FRXOHPHQWV«SLJ«HV YDOORQGX6DXWGHV$LJOHV RQWSHX¢SHXFHVV« 18 (QGHKRUVGHFHVVRUWLHVGɛHDXQDWXUHOOHVLOQHIDXWSDVQ«JOLJHUODSRVVLELOLW«VRXYHQW H[SORLW«HDX1«ROLWKLTXHTXɛRIIUDLHQWOHVHDX[GHSHUFRODWLRQGHVFDYLW«VQDWXUHOOHV DYHQVHWJURWWHVGXSODWHDX'HJUDQGHVMDUUHVSODF«HVVRXVOHV«JRXWWRLUVSHUPHWWDLHQW HQTXHOTXHVKHXUHVGHUHFXHLOOLUGHVTXDQWLW«VLPSRUWDQWHVGɛHDXHQS«ULRGHSOXYLHXVH b 5.4. 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Premiers éléments pour une approche du territoire communautaire 28 /ɛLQYHQWDLUH  GHV  UHVVRXUFHV  QDWXUHOOHV  H[SORLW«HV  SDU  OHV  KDELWDQWV  GX  YLOODJH  GH %RXVVDUJXHVIDLWDSSDUD°WUHXQHXWLOLVDWLRQSU«I«UHQWLHOOHGXWHUULWRLUHSURFKH MXVTXɛ¢ bNP  GX  VLWH   WHUULWRLUH  TXL  IRXUQLVVDLW  OHV  «O«PHQWV  HVVHQWLHOV  ¢  OD  YLH  GX  JURXSH KXPDLQbPDW«ULDX[GHFRQVWUXFWLRQPDW«ULDX[Q«FHVVDLUHV¢Oɛ«TXLSHPHQWGRPHVWLTXH SURGXLWVGHFRQVRPPDWLRQ 29 /ɛDSSURFKHTXHQRXVDYRQVWHQW«HHVWWRXWHIRLVOLPLW«H¢OɛDQDO\VHGɛXQVHXOVHFWHXUGX JLVHPHQW(OOHGHYUD¬WUH«ODUJLH¢OɛHQVHPEOHGXVLWHSRXUQRXVSHUPHWWUHGHGLVSRVHU GɛLQIRUPDWLRQV  SOXV  FRPSOªWHV  /ɛH[SORLWDWLRQ  GX  WHUULWRLUH  SURFKH  SRXU  HVVHQWLHOOH TXɛHOOHVRLWQɛHVWSDVSRXUDXWDQWH[FOXVLYH/HWDEOHDXb,,b fig. 130 U«VXPHOHVGRQQ«HV UHFXHLOOLHV1RXVDYRQVFRQVLG«U«TXHOHWHUULWRLUHH[SORLW«SRXYDLW¬WUHWK«RULTXHPHQW UHSU«VHQW«VXUXQHFDUWH¢SDUWLUGHFHUFOHVFRQFHQWULTXHV«TXLGLVWDQWVGHbbPGDQV XQUD\RQPD[LPDOGHbbNP/DUHSU«VHQWDWLRQJUDSKLTXHGHVSRLQWVRX]RQHVH[SORLW«HV LQGLTX«HVSDUGHVIOªFKHVGRQWOɛRULJLQHHVWIL[«H¢OɛHPSODFHPHQWGXVLWHSHUPHWGH YLVXDOLVHU  OHV  ]RQHV  SU«I«UHQWLHOOHV  GɛH[SORLWDWLRQ  /HV  SRLQWV  VLWX«V  ¢  XQH  GLVWDQFH VXS«ULHXUH¢bbNPVRQWLQGLTX«VDYHFXQQRPEUHUHSU«VHQWDQWFHWWHGLVWDQFH ● Fig. 130 – Tableau II : ressources et matériaux utilisés. 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Le Travers) ; hachures obliques : terrains cultivables. 31 /HVPDW«ULDX[SURYHQDQWGH]RQHVSOXV«ORLJQ«HVJDOHWVGHVFKLVWHHWGHTXDUW]ODLWHX[ «YHQWXHOOHPHQW  VLOH[  GH  OD  U«JLRQ  GH  6DLQWɖ0DUWLQɖGHɖ/RQGUHV  UHSU«VHQWHQW  GH  WUªV IDLEOHV  TXDQWLW«V  TXL  WUDGXLVHQW  GHV  G«SODFHPHQWV  SHX  IU«TXHQWV  RX  SHXWɖ¬WUH  GHV «FKDQJHVDYHFGɛDXWUHVJURXSHVKXPDLQV fig. 132  265 ● Fig. 132 – Matériaux de provenance éloignée (au‑delà de 5 km). 32 8QHTXHVWLRQQɛDSDV«W«DERUG«HGDQVFHFKDSLWUHFHOOHGHVWHUUDLQVGHSDUFRXUVGX WURXSHDXGɛRYLQV&RPSWHWHQXGHVQRPEUHXVHVSRVVLELOLW«VH[LVWDQWGDQVFHGRPDLQH DXWRXU  GX  YLOODJH  GH  %RXVVDUJXHV  OHV  VHXOV  REVWDFOHV  DX  SDUFRXUV  VHUDLHQW  OL«V  ¢  OD SURWHFWLRQGHVFXOWXUHVHW¢ODU«SDUWLWLRQLQWHUFRPPXQDXWDLUHGHVS¤WXUDJHV'ɛDXWUH SDUW  OD  IDXQH  GRPHVWLTXH  HVW  VL  IDLEOHPHQW  UHSU«VHQW«H  GDQV  OH  VHFWHXU  RXHVW  GH %RXVVDUJXHV  TXHOTXHV  IUDJPHQWV  GɛRV  GɛRYLɖFDSULG«V  TXɛRQ  GRLW  SRXU  OɛLQVWDQW FRQVLG«UHUFHWWHTXHVWLRQFRPPHVHFRQGDLUH 33 (Q  GHUQLªUH  DQDO\VH  RQ  GRLW  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Mus. anthr. et préhist0RQDFRSbɖ Arnal, Martin‑Granel 1961b$51$/ - 0$57,1ɖ*5$1(/ + ə/H&K¤WHDXSU«KLVWRULTXHGX /«ERXV 6DLQWɖ0DWKLHXɖGHɖ7U«YLHUV BSPF/9,,,Sbɖ Arnal et alii 1965 : $51$/  -   0$57,1ɖ*5$1(/  +   6$1*0(,67(5  (   ə  /«ERXV  HLQH IU¾KHEURQ]H]HLWOLFKH%HIHVWLJXQJLQ6¾GIUDQNUHLFKGermaniaSbɖ Arnal et alii 1967 :$51$/ - %851(= & 5286627ɖ/$55248( - ə6DXYHWDJHGHODVWDWLRQ IRQWEX[LHQQHGX*UDYDV6DLQWɖ0DWKLHXɖGHɖ7U«YLHUV+«UDXOWBSPF/;,9Sbɖ 273 Arribas, Molina 1982 :$55,%$6 $ 02/,1$ ) ə/RV0LOODUHVb1HXH$XVJUDEXQJHQLQGHU NXSIHU]HLWOLFKHQ6LHGOXQJ ɖ Madrider MiteillungenSbɖ Audibert 1956a : $8',%(57  -   ə  /H  'ROPHQbbGX  0DV  GH  5HLQKDUGW  9DLOKDXTXªV   Inb  ;9H FRQJUªVSU«KLVWRULTXHGH)UDQFH3RLWLHUV3DULVSoc. préhist. françSbɖ Audibert 1956bb$8',%(57 - ə3U«KLVWRLUHGHOɛ$UQªGH 0XUOHVHW9DLOKDXTXªV Cahiers lig. préhist. et archéoSbɖ Audibert, Boudou 1955b$8',%(57 - %28'28 - ə8QH9DOO«H¢Oɛ(Q«ROLWKLTXHb/D9DOO«HGH OD0RVVRQCahiers lig. préhist. etarchéoSbɖ Audibert ef alii 1952 : $8',%(57  -   %28648(7  -   &$=$/6  /   &21'20,1(6b $   ə  /H 'ROPHQGH&DQWDJULOV $UJHOOLHUV+«UDXOW Cahiers lig. préhist. et archéoSbɖ Bailloud 1975a : %$,//28'  *   ə  $YDQW  Oɛ+LVWRLUHb  3UHPLªUH  H[WHQVLRQ  GH  Oɛ«FRQRPLH DJURɖSDVWRUDOHInb'8%< * GLUə+LVWRLUHGHOD)UDQFHUXUDOHb/D)RUPDWLRQGHVFDPSDJQHV IUDQ©DLVHVGHVRULJLQHVDX;,9HbVLªFOH3DULV6HXLOSbɖ Bailloud 1975bb  %$,//28'  *   ə  /HV  +DELWDWLRQV  FKDOFROLWKLTXHV  GH  &RQTXHWWH 6DLQWɖ0DUWLQɖGHɖ/RQGUHV  +«UDXOW  Inb  /ɛ+RPPH  KLHU  HW  DXMRXUGɛKXL  UHFXHLO  Gɛ«WXGHV  HQ KRPPDJH¢$QGU«/HURLɖ*RXUKDQ3DULV&XMDVSbɖ Bailloud, Treinen 1966 : %$,//28'  *   75(,1(1  )   ə  /H  9LOODJH  GH  &RQTXHWWH  Gallia Préhistoire,;Sbɖ Balbure et alii 1985 :%$/%85( - &2/20(5 $ &28/$528 - *87+(5=b ; -$//27b /  +(1$))b 6   ə  /ɛ+DELWDW  FHLQWXU«  GH  %RXVVDUJXHV  $UJHOOLHUV  +«UDXOWb  %LODQ  VXFFLQFW  GHV UHFKHUFKHVbɖLettre d’information du CRA, 26, Archéologie du Midi méditerranéenSbɖ Balbure et alii 1983 :%$/%85( - &2/20(5 $ &28/$528 - *87+(5=b ; +(1$))b 6 ə /ɛ$UFKLWHFWXUH  HQ  SLHUUH  VªFKH  GX  &KDOFROLWKLTXH  ODQJXHGRFLHQb  /ɛ+DELWDW  FHLQWXU«  GH %RXVVDUJXHV ¢ $UJHOOLHUV  +«UDXOW  Inb /ɛ(YROXWLRQ GH OD FRQVWUXFWLRQ ¢ VHF GDQV OɛKDELWDW HQ /DQJXHGRFGX1«ROLWKLTXH¢Oɛ«SRTXHFRQWHPSRUDLQH-RXUQ«HVGɛ«WXGHGH9LROVɖOHɖ)RUW L’Architecture vernaculaireVXSSOWbSbɖ Balbure et alii 1982‑86 : %$/%85(  -   &2/20(5  $   &28/$528  -   *87+(5=bb ;  +(1$))b 6   9(1$5'  0ɖ3   ə  /ɛ+DELWDW  FKDOFROLWKLTXH  FHLQWXU«  GH  %RXVVDUJXHV  $UJHOOLHUV +«UDXOW %LODQGHVSUHPLHUVWUDYDX[Bull, de l’Ecole antique de NîmesɖSbɖ Barge 1982 :%$5*( + ə/HV3DUXUHVGX1«ROLWKLTXHDQFLHQDXG«EXWGHOɛ¤JHGHV0«WDX[HQ /DQJXHGRF0DUVHLOOH&156bS Barge 1984 : %$5*(  +   ə  /ɛ+DELWDW  GHV  &DODGHV  ¢  2UJRQ  %RXFKHVɖGXɖ5K¶QH  5DSSRUW  GH IRXLOOHV$L[ɖHQɖ3URYHQFH  Bazile‑Robert 1980 : %$=,/(ɖ52%(57  (   ə  0DFURUHVWHV  Y«J«WDX[  Gɛ¤JH  VXEERU«DO  GH  OD 6DOS«WULªUH 5HPRXOLQV*DUG Inb*8,/$,1( - GLUə/Hb*URXSHGH9HUD]DHWODILQGHVWHPSV Q«ROLWKLTXHVGDQVOH6XGGHOD)UDQFHHWOD&DWDORJQH3DULV&156Sbɖ Bazile‑Robert 1981 : %$=,/(ɖ52%(57  (   ə  )ORUH  HW  Y«J«WDWLRQ  GHV  JRUJHV  GX  *DUGRQ  ¢  OD PR\HQQH  YDOO«H  GH  Oɛ  +«UDXOW  GH  b¢bb%3  GɛDSUªV  OɛDQWKUDFRDQDO\VH  3DO«RELRWRJLH FRQWLQHQWDOH0RQWSHOOLHU;,,Sbɖ Bedaux, Lange 1983 : %('$8'  5ɖ0ɖ$   /$1*(  $ɖ*   ə  7HOOHP  UHFRQQDLVVDQFH DUFK«RORJLTXHGɛXQHFXOWXUHGHOɛ2XHVWDIULFDLQDX0R\HQ$JHbODSRWHULHJournal de la société des africanistesɖSbɖ Billange 1942a :%,//$1*( $ ə/D*DUULJXHGH1°PHVBull. 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Henaff) 25 /ɛHQFHLQWHRFFXSHbbP(OOHDXQHIRUPHKH[DJRQDOHHWGDQVFKDTXHDQJOHVHWURXYH XQHVWUXFWXUH¢SODQFLUFXODLUH$OɛLQW«ULHXUGHOɛHVSDFHFORVRQW«W««GLIL«HVDXPRLQV TXDWUHKDELWDWLRQV¢PXUVGHSLHUUHVªFKHHW¢VLPSOHRXGRXEOHDEVLGH8QHDXWUH KDELWDWLRQVHWURXYH¢OɛH[W«ULHXU/DWHFKQLTXHGHFRQVWUXFWLRQGHVPXUVHVWXQLIRUPHb GRXEOHSDUHPHQWHWERXUUDJHLQWHUQHGHFDLOORX[/ɛ«SDLVVHXUHVWTXDVLFRQVWDQWH8QH VHXOHSRUWHVɛRXYUHGDQVOHPXUGHFHLQWXUHDX1ɖ( 26 /HV  PDW«ULDX[  FRQVWLWXWLIV  GHV  VWUXFWXUHV  URQGHV  VRQW  GLII«UHQWV  GH  FHX[  GHV  DXWUHV FRQVWUXFWLRQV&HVRQWGHVGDOOHVGHFDOFDLUHORFDO/DIRUPHHQG¶PHGHV«ERXOLVHVW FDUDFW«ULVWLTXH /H ORFXVbbHVW XQH SHWLWH FHOOXOH DQQH[H ¢ OD FDEDQHb /D JURWWH TXL VɛRXYUH  DX  FHQWUH  GX  VLWH  HVW  XQ  DYHQ  FROPDW«  QRQ  HQFRUH  IRXLOO«  8QH  «WXGH TXDQWLWDWLYHGHVPRGXOHVGHVPDW«ULDX[GHFRQVWUXFWLRQIDLWUHVVRUWLUOHVGLII«UHQFHV HQWUHVWUXFWXUHVURQGHVHWFDEDQHVRXPXUGHFHLQWXUH 27 /DVWUXFWXUHbODFDEDQHbbHWOHORFXVbbIRQWOɛREMHWGɛXQHGHVFULSWLRQSOXVG«WDLOO«H2Q G«FULWOHXUUHPSOLVVDJHHWOHXUPRELOLHU&HVHFWHXURXHVWD«W«DEDQGRQQ«DSUªVXQ LQFHQGLHHWMDPDLVU«RFFXS« 28 2. 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Colomer, J. Coularou, X. Gutherz) 2 7KH  H[FDYDWLRQ  RI  %RXVVDUJXHV  EHJDQ  LQbb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olomer, J. Coularou, X. Gutherz) 4 7KHVHWWOHPHQWLVGHVFULEHGLQLWVUHJLRQDOVHWWLQJ7KHJDUULJXHFRYHUVPRVWRIWKH (DVWHUQ/DQJXHGRF7KHVLWHLVVLWXDWHGDWWKHHQGRIDFDOFDUHRXVSODWHDXDERYHDVPDOO EDVLQ  FORVH  WR  VHYHUDO  YLOODJHV  IURP  WKH  )RQWERXLVVH  FXOWXUH  &DPERXV  &RQTXHWWH /«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’ GEOMORPHOLOGY (M. Ambert) 8 7KHSK\VLFDOVXUURXQGLQJLVWKHJDUULJXHRQDIROGHGDQGIUDFWXUHG]RQH%RXVVDUJXHVLV VHWWOHGLQDFRQWDFWDUHDEHWZHHQSODWHDXDQGEDVLQFODVVLFDOIUDPHLQWKLVUHJLRQ7KH JHRPRUSKRORJLFDO  HYROXWLRQ  DQG  WRGD\ɛV  ODQGVFDSH  VKRZ  D  VORZ  GHJUDGDWLRQ  RI  WKH FDOFDUHRXVVXUIDFHWKURXJKWKHODSL«VFODSLHUF\FOH7KHODSL«VɛPRUSKRORJ\FRQVWLWXWH WKH  VLWHɛV  VXEVWUDWXP  DQG  SURRYH  WKDW  WKHLU  HYROXWLRQ  KDV  EHHQ  JRLQJ  RQ  XQWLO  WKH FKDOFROLWKLFSHULRG7KHVRLOORVVLVDPDMRUSURFHVVZKLFKVHHPVWREHOLQNHGWRKXPDQ RFFXSDWLRQ  ,W  FDQ  FRQVHTXHQWO\  EH  FRQVLGHUHG  WKDW  KHUGLQJ  DQG  DJULFXOWXUH  ZHUH 291 SRVVLEO\SUDFWLFHGRQ%RXVVDUJXHVɛNDUVWLFSODWHDXGXULQJWKHFKDOFROLWKLFDQGLWLVQRW WKHFDVHDQ\PRUH 9 2. BOUSSARGUES’ANTHRACOLOGICAL ANALYSIS(I. Figueiral) 10 7KLVFKDSWHUSUHVHQWVWKHILUVWUHVXOWVRIWKHFKDUFRDOVDQDO\VLV 11 7RGD\ɛV  YHJHWDWLRQ  LQ  %RXVVDUJXHV  LV  GHILQHG  DV  PHVRPHGLWHUUDQHDQ  4XHUFXV  LOH[ SUHGRPLQDQW3LVWDFLDWHUHELQWKXV%X[XVVHPSHUYLUHQV3KLOO\UHDODWLIROLD-XQLSHUXV R[\FHGUXV   bFKDUFRDOV  ZHUH  VWXGLHG  DQGbbWD[D  IRXQG  PDLQO\  4XHUFXV  LOH[ FRFFLIHUD4XHUFXVSXEHVFHQVDQG%X[XVVHPSHUYLUHQV 12 7KH  PDMRU  SODFH  RI  ER[  LPSOLHV  KXPDQ  DFWLYLW\  7KH  SUHVHQFH  RI  RDN  LQ  D  ELJJHU SURSRUWLRQ  WKDQ  WRGD\  FRXOG  EH  H[SODLQHG  E\  D  VRLO  ZKLFK  XVHG  WR  EH  ULFKHU  7KH SUHVHQFHRISLQHLVPRUHXQXVXDO7KLVDQDO\VLVFRQILUPVWKDWWKH&KDOFROLWKLFZDVD WLPHRILQWHQVHH[SORLWDWLRQRIQDWXUDOUHVRXUFHVZKLFKOHGWRWKHGHVWUXFWLRQRIWKH IRUHVW 13 3. THE EVOLUTION OF THE GARRIGUE (J.-L. Vernet) 14 7KLV  SDUW  LV  D  V\QWKHVLV  RI  ZKDW  LV  NQRZQ  DERXW  WKH  KLVWRU\  RI  WKH  PHGLWHUUDQHDQ ODQGVFDSHWKDQNVWRDQWKUDFRORJ\7KHPDMRUOLQHVRIWKLVHYROXWLRQDUHEXLOWVLQFHWKH JODFLDWLRQ7KHSRVWJODFLDOSHULRGLVGLYLGHGLQbbSKDVHV7KHSKDVHbb 3RVWJODFLDODJHWR %RUHDO  VDZ  D  FOLPDWLF  LPSURYHPHQW  SURRYHG  E\  WKH  LQFUHDVH  RI  MXQLSHU 3KDVHbb b%3 VDZWKHLQFUHDVHRIRDNPDLQO\ZLWKGHFLGXRXVOHDYHV'XULQJ WKH  SKDVHbb   b%3  EHJDQ  WKH  GHFUHDVH  RI  WKH  IRUHVW  EHFDXVH  RI  WKH GHYHORSPHQWRIWKHDJULFXOWXUH7KHSKDVHbb VLQFHbb%3 LVDFRQWLQXDWLRQRIWKH SUHYLRXVRQH0HWDOWHFKQLTXHVHPSKDVL]HGWKHKXPDQDFWLRQDQGWKHJDUULJXHEHFDPH DVLWLVQRZ 15 4. THE CULTURAL CONTEXT: THE FONTBOUISSE CULTURE (X. Gutherz) 16 %RXVVDUJXHV  LV  VHWWOHG  LQ  WKH  PLGGOH  RI  D  ]RQH  ZKHUH  WKH  )RQWERXLVVH  FXOWXUH  ZDV SUHVHQWWKLVJURXSZDVFKDUDFWHUL]HGE\GRXEOHDSVHGKRXVHVDQGDW\SLFDOFHUDPLF FRPSDUHGWRWKHRWKHUVIURP(DVWHUQ/DQJXHGRF 17 5HFHQWVWXGLHVVKRZHGWKDWGXULQJWKH&KDOFROLWKLFSHULRGWKHSODLQRIWKHORZHU5K¶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utherz, L. Jallot, N. Mills, J. Vallon) 19 (QRUPRXV  LQYHQWRULHV  WUDGXFH  WKH  KLJK  GHQVLW\  RI  &KDOFROLWKLF  VLWHV  DURXQG 0RQWSHOOLHU  +HUH  DUH  SUHVHQWHGbbYLOODJHV  RI  GU\VWRQH  KRXVHV  bRSHQ  DLU  VLWHV ZLWKRXW  REYLRXV  VWUXFWXUHV    FDYHV  DQG  VKHOWHUV  bGROPHQV  DQGbbRYDO  JUDYHV VSUHDGRYHUbFRPPXQHV%RXVVDUJXHVLVWKHFHQWHURIWKLVVXUYH\HGDUHD 20 6. THE ECONOMICAL HISTORY OF THE GARRIGUE (X. Gutherz) 21 7KHJDUULJXHKDVEHHQGHILQHGLQVHYHUDOZD\VWKHPRVWUHOHYDQWRQHEHLQJWKURXJKLWV W\SLFDOYHJHWDWLRQ7KHPDMRUSKDVHVRIWKHHFRQRPLFDOKLVWRU\VKRZWKHZHLJKWRI 292 WUDGLWLRQDOKHUGLQJDQGDJULFXOWXUHGXULQJDORQJSHULRGLQGXFLQJGHWHUPLQDQWFKDQJHV LQWKHHQYLURQPHQW7KHIDUPLQJHFRQRP\RIWKHJDUULJXHWRWDO\FKDQJHGUHFHQWO\DVLW EHFDPHEDVHGXSRQWRXULVP 22 SECOND PART: ARCHAEOLOGICAL DATA FROM THE WEST AREA 23  1. THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE (J. Balbure, A. Colomer, J. Coularou, X. Gutherz, S. Henaff) 24 7KHbPbHQFORVHGVSDFHLVKH[DJRQDOZLWKDURXQGVWUXFWXUHLQHDFKFRUQHULQVLGH ZHUHEXLOWDWOHDVWbbKRXVHVZLWKGU\VWRQHZDOOVDQGDVLPSOHRUGRXEOHDSVHWKHUHLV DQRWKHUKRXVHRXWVLGH7KHEXLOGLQJWHFKQLTXHRIWKHZDOOVLVDOZD\VWKHVDPH GRXEOH IDFHILOOHGZLWKVWRQHV DVZHOODVWKHWKLFNQHVV$VLQJOHGRRULVLQWKH1RUWK:HVWZDOO RIWKHHQFORVXUH 25 7KHURXQGVWUXFWXUHVDUHPDGHRIORFDOOLPHVWRQHEORFVDQGKDYHDSDUWLFXODUGRPH VKDSHXQOLNHWKHRWKHUEXLOGLQJV7KHORFXVbbLVDVPDOOFHOOEHORQJLQJWRWKHKXWb$ VZDOORZKROHRSHQVLQWKHPLGGOHRIWKHHQFORVHGVSDFHEXWKDVQRWEHHQH[FDYDWHG\HW $  TXDQWLWDWLYH  DQDO\VLV  RI  WKH  EXLOGLQJ  PDWHULDOV  VKRZV  GLIIHUHQFHV  EHWZHHQ  URXQG VWUXFWXUHVDQGKXWVRUWKHHQFORVLQJZDOO 26 6WUXFWXUHbKXWbbDQGORFXVbbDUHGHVFULEHGLQGHWDLOWKURXJKWKHLUILOOLQJDQGWKHILQGV 7KH:HVWDUHDZDVGHILQLWHO\DEDQGRQHGDIWHULWEXUQW 27 2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL FINDS AND FOOD RESOURCES 28 2.1. The ceramic (J. Coularou, X. Gutherz) 29 $W\SRORJ\RIWKHFHUDPLFIURPWKH:HVWDUHDKDVEHHQUHDOL]HGDIWHUDORQJZRUNRI UHFRQVWUXFWLRQ  IURP  WKH  IUDJPHQWV  DQGbbSULPDU\  JURXSV  ZHUH  LGHQWLILHG  7KURXJK WKHLUVKDSHVDQGGHFRUDWLRQVWKHVHFHUDPLFVFDQEHLQFOXGHGLQWKH+HUDXOWW\SHRIWKH )RQWERXLVVHJURXSZKLFKLVSDUWLFXODUFRPSDUHGWRRWKHUJURXSVEHORQJLQJWRWKHVDPH FXOWXUH 30 2.2. Petrographic analysis of the ceramic (J.-C. Echallier) 31 bYDVHV  ZHUH  SHWURJUDSKLFO\  DQDO\VHG  XQGHU  WKH  PLFURVFRSH  7ZR  SHWURJUDSKLF JURXSV  IURP  GLIIHUHQW  RULJLQV  EXW  VWLOO  FORVH  WR  WKH  VLWH  ZHUH  GHILQHG  WKDQNV  WKH HOHPHQWVLQFOXGHGLQWKHILOOHU$GLVWRUWHGEDVHIRXQGLQORFXVbKDVREYLRXVO\EHHQ DFFLGHQWDO\FRRNHGDVLWZDVVWLOOZHWDQGWKLVIDFWFRXOGEHDQHYLGHQFHRIWKHILUH ZKLFKGHVWUR\HGWKLVDUHD 32 2.3. Study of the grinding material (hut 1 and locus 1) (H. Marchesi) 33 7KH  JULQGLQJ  PDWHULDO  LV  SDUWLFXODUO\  DEXQGDQW  LQ  WKLV  :HVW  DUHD  ZLWKbbSLªFHV  LQ KXWbbDQGbbLQORFXVb7KHWKURZLQJSHUFXVVLRQXQHDV\IRUFHUHDOVDSSHDUVWREHWKH PHWKRGXVHGPRVWRIWKHWLPHRQWKHVLWHDQGLVDGDSWHGWRJULQGDFRUQVZKLFKKDYH EHHQIRXQGLQELJSURSRUWLRQVLQWKHVHKRXVHV7KLVKLJKUDWHRIDFRUQVSOHDGVIRUD VSHFLDOL]HGHFRQRP\ 34 2.4. Identification of the faunal remains (I. Carrère) 35 6KHHSJRDWVDQGDFHUYLGZHUHLGHQWLILHGRXWRIWKHIHZIDXQDOUHPDLQVIRXQGLQWKLV DUHD 36 2.5. Study of the preservation conditions (L. Damais) 37 7KHSK\VLFRFKHPLFDODQDO\VLVRIWKH:HVWDUHDUHPDLQVVKRZHGWKDWWKHS+ZDVQRWWKH RULJLQWRWKHODFNRIERQHV%XWWKHVRLOɛVKXPLGLW\DQGLWVORZDFLGLW\DUHWKHUHDVRQRI WKHFHUDPLFVɛSRRUSUHVHUYDWLRQHVSHFLDOO\ZKHQIRXQGRQFOD\ 293 38 2.6. Fruits and seeds (J. Erroux) 39 7KHUHDUHIHZIUXLWVDQGVHHGVLQWKLV:HVWDUHDH[FHSWIRUDFRUQVVWXGLHGLQDQRWKHU FKDSWHUWKH\FDQEHVHSDUDWHGLQFHUHDOV VRIWZKHDWDQGEDUOH\ SUHVHQWDWDYHU\ORZ UDWHOHJXPLQRXVSODQWV/RWXVFRUQLFXODWXVVHHGVMXQLSHUDQG$UEXWXVEHUULHV 40 THIRD PART: WEST AREA, THE INTERPRETATION OF THE DATA 41 1. ARCHITECTURE 42 1.1. Roofing types (hut 1 and locus 1) (J. Coularou, X. Gutherz) 43 7KH  VSHFLDO  DQDO\VLV  RI  WKH  DUFKDHRORJLFDO  OHYHOV  LQ  KXWb  DQG  ORFXVbbEURXJKW  VRPH K\SRWKHVLVDERXWWKHURRILQJPHWKRGVIODWEORFVRIVDQGVWRQHZHUHIRQGRQWRSRIWKH UHPDLQVDQGXQGHUWKHFROODSVHGZDOOVLQDVWUDWLJUDSKLFSRVLWLRQDOUHDG\VHHQLQRWKHU )RQWERXLVVH  FXOWXUH  YLOODJHV  DQG  ZKLFK  LQGLFDWHV  D  URRILQJ  XWLOL]DWLRQ  SUREDEO\ FRPSOHWLQJ  D  YHJHWDO  URRILQJ  'HVSLWH  WKH  GLIILFXOW\  WR  UHVWLWXWH  SROH  SLWV  LW  FDQ  EH SUHVXPHGWKDWWKHURRIVZHUHGRXEOHVORSHGDVLWKDVHDVLO\EHHQGHPRQVWUDWHGRQ RWKHU VLWHV 6HYHUDO SRVVLELOLWLHV RI URRILQJ WKH KXW DQG WKH ORFXV DUH FRQVLGHUHGb D VLQJOHURRIFRYHULQJERWKVWUXFWXUHVRUWZRURRIVVLGHE\VLGH 44 1.2. Data for an architectural analysis: round structure 5 (A. Colomer) 45 7KHFLUFXODUVWUXFWXUHVDUHWKHPRVWXQXVXDORQHVLQ%RXVVDUJXHV$GHWDLOHGVWXG\RI WKH PDWHULDO WKH\ DUH ILOOHG LQ ZLWK HVSHFLDOO\ IRU VWUXFWXUHb WDONV IRU D FRUEHOOHG URRILQJ  DQG  WKLV  GHPRQVWUDWLRQ  LV  EDVHG  XSRQ  VHYHUDO  GDWD  FKRLFH  RI  PDWHULDOV FRQVWUXFWLRQWHFKQLTXHVVKDSHRIFROODSVHGHOHPHQWVDUFKDHRORJLFDOUHPDLQVODFNRI ILUHPDUNV 46 7KHFRUEHOOLQJWHFKQLTXHZDVQRWDWHFKQLFDOUHYROXWLRQDVLWZDVNQRZQVLQFHWKHILIWK PLOOHQDU\7KHK\SRWKHVLVRIF\OLQGULFDOWRZHUVDGPLWWHGXQWLOQRZLVFOHDUO\UHMHFWHG WRGD\ 47 1.3. Origin of stone construction materials (L. Damais) 48 6HYHUDORULJLQVFDQEHFRQVLGHUHGWKDQNVWRWKHSHWURJUDSKLFVWXG\DQGWKHJHRORJLFDO SURVSHFWLRQV:DOOV HQFORVXUHKXWVURXQGVWUXFWXUHV DUHPDGHRXWRIDORFDO-XUDVVLF OLPHVWRQH7KHKXWbbDQGORFXVbbURRILQJVWRQHV VDQGVWRQH FRPHIURPDFORVHKLOODV ZHOODVWKHJULQGLQJVWRQHV 49  2. VEGETAL MACRO-REMAINS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE (J. Coularou, X. Gutherz, L. Jallot) 50 7KHFKDUFRDOVZHUHVFDWWHUHGDQGGRQɛWEULQJSUHFLVHLQIRUPDWLRQV7KH$UEXWXVIUXLWV DUHHYLGHQFHVRIDYHJHWDWLRQDGDSWHGWRDFLGVRLOVZKLFKKDYHWRGD\GLVDSSHDUHGIURP WKHSODWHDX%XUQWIUXLWVFRPHDOOIURPDXWRPQDOVSHFLHV 51 7KHQXPHURXVFDUERQL]HGDFRUQVDFFXPXODWHGLQPDVVLYHSLOHVLQGLFDWHEXUQWVWRUDJH HVSHFLDOO\LQORFXVb7KHWHFKQLTXHRIJULQGLQJDFRUQVWRJHWIORXULVNQRZQDOORYHUWKH ZRUOG,Q:HVWHUQ(XURSHDFRUQUHVHUYHVDUHZHOODWWHVWHGWKDQNVWRDUFKDHRORJLFDO GDWDRQQXPHURXV1HROLWKLFDQG3URWRKLVWRULFVLWHV(WKQRJUDSKLFLQIRUPDWLRQVDQG H[S«ULPHQWDWLRQVPDGHE\WKHDXWKRUVFRQILUPWKHK\SRWKHVLVEXLOWXSRQWKHVWXG\RI WKH JULQGLQJ WRROV DQG WKH VSDFLDO DQDO\VLV LQ %RXVVDUJXHV )UXLWV VWRUDJH DQG IORXU PDNLQJVHHPWRKDYHEHHQDPDMRUDFWLYLW\LQWKLV:HVWDUHD 52 3. ANALYSIS OF A LIVING FLOOR: UNIT 1 IN BOUSSARGUES (J. Balbure, J. Coularou) 53 $IWHUUHFDOOLQJWKHPDMRUGDWDFRQFHUQLQJWKHGRPHVWLFVWUXFWXUHVDQGUHPDLQVRIWKH :HVWDUHDWKHDXWKRUVXVH00DUVDFɛVPHWKRGWRVWXG\WKHFHUDPLFVKHUGVGHQVLW\ 294 WKDQNVWRDJUDSKLFSURFHVVLQJ7KHUHVXOWVDSSOLHGWRKXWbbDQGORFXVbbDUHVLJQLILFDQW VKRZLQJKLJKFRQFHQWUDWLRQDQGHPSW\]RQHV7KHGHQVLW\FXUYHVFRPSDUHGWRWKH RQHVPDGHRQDQ,WDOLDQ1HROLWKLFVLWHRFFXSLHGIRUDORQJSHULRGWUDGXFHKHUHDVKRUW RFFXSDWLRQ+LJKFRQFHQWUDWLRQVVHHPWRLQGLFDWHYDVHVEURNHQLQVLWX7KHFDOFXODWLRQ RIWKHFHUDPLFVɛYROXPHDQGWKHLUSRVLWLRQLQWKH:HVWDUHDVKRZVLPLODULWLHVEHWZHHQ WKHWZRKHDUWK]RQHVLQKXW7DOOFHUDPLFVXVHGWRVWRUHDFRUQIORXUZHUHIRXQGLQ ORFXVb 54 )URPWKHVHLQIRUPDWLRQVWKHDXWKRUVWULHGWRLGHQWLI\DFWLYLW\DUHDVbVWRUDJHJULQGLQJ SRWVPDNLQJɣWKHKXWbbVHHPVWREHWKHPDMRUOLYLQJXQLWORFXVbbDQGVWUXFWXUHbbEHLQJ DFFHVVRU\ 55  4. CERAMICS PRESERVATION AND DISTRIBUTION: FROM DOMESTIC TO SOCIAL SPACE (L. Jallot) 56 7KH  DXWKRU  ILUVW  VWXGLHG  WKH  FHUDPLF  IUDJPHQWVɛ  GLVWULEXWLRQ  LQ  KXWbbDQG  ORFXVb LQFOXGLQJDFULWLFDODQDO\VLVRIWKHJUDSKLFDQGYROXPHWULFUHVWLWXWLRQRIWKHYDVHVDQGD VWXG\RIWKHLUSUHVHUYDWLRQ7KHGLVSHUVLRQVWXG\UHODWHGWRWKHQDWXUDOIORRUKHOSHGWR GHILQHQRQDQWKURSLFDFWLRQDQGWRGHWHUPLQHDOLVWRIFHUDPLFVEURNHQLQDIXQFWLRQDO SODFH 57 7KHQDUHFRPSDUHGWKHGLVWULEXWLRQRIGLIIHUHQWW\SHVRILWHPV7KDQNVWRDIXQFWLRQDO W\SRORJ\  LW  KDV  EHHQ  SRVVLEOH  WR  GHVFULEH  WZR  SLOHV  RI  FHUDPLFV  XVHG  RQ  WKH  VDPH SXUSRVHDQGIRXQGFORVHWRWKHWZRKHDUWKVLQKXWb$PRUSKRORJLFDODQDO\VLVVKRZV WKDWWKHGHFRUDWLRQVDQGVKDSHVDUHGLIIHUHQWO\RUJDQL]HGLQVLGHWKHVHWZRXQLWV7KLV ELQDU\SDUWLWLRQRIWKHGRPHVWLFVSDFHFDQEHVHHQDVDUHIOHFWLRQRIWKHZD\WKHVRFLDO VSDFHLVGLYLGHGDFFRUGLQJWRVSHFLDOL]HGDFWLYLWLHV 58 5. NATURAL RESOURCES, MATERIALS USED AND COMMUN TERRITORY (J. Coularou, X. Gutherz, L. Jallot) 59 ,QWKLVFKDSWHUDUHOLVWHGWKHSODFHVZKHUHWKHPLQHUDOPDWHULDOVXVHGRQWKHVLWHZHUH EURXJKW  IURP  7KH  OLPLWV  RI  WKH  WHUULWRU\  ZKHUH  QDWXUDO  UHVRXUFHV  FRXOG  EH  IRXQG ZDWHUZRRGSODQWVODQGV DUHGHILQHG/RFDOL]LQJDQGGHILQLQJWKHODQGVSRWHQWLDO\ VXLWDEOHWRFXOWLYDWLRQLVDFRPSOH[WDVNEHFDXVHRIWKHHURVLRQXQWLOQRZ 60 3DWWHUQV  SUHYLRXVO\  SURSRVHG  E\  RWKHU  DXWKRUV  GLG  QRW  WDNH  LQ  FRXQW  WKLV  HURVLRQ SUREOHPSURRYHGRQ%RXVVDUJXHVɛSODWHDXWKDQNVWRDJHRPRUSKRORJLFDOVWXG\7KHWDFW WKDWRWKHU)RQWERXLVVHFXOWXUHVHWWOHPHQWVDUHDURXQG%RXVVDUJXHV bPIDU PDNHV ZRQGHU  DERXW  WKH  UHODWLRQV  EHWZHHQ  WKHVH  FRPPXQLWLHV  HVSHFLDOO\  FRQFHUQLQJ  WKH ODQGɛVIDUPLQJ 61 CONCLUSION AND PERSPECTIVES 62 7KLVSXEOLFDWLRQZKLFKZLOOEHIROORZHGE\RWKHUVLVDV\QWKHVLVRIWKHPDMRUUHVXOWV DQGGHILQHVWKHSUREOHPVWKDWDUHVWLOOWREHVROYHG 63 7KH  TXHVWLRQV  DSSURDFKHG  KHUH  DUH  WKH  DUFKLWHFWXUH  RI  DQ  HQFORVHG  VHWWOHPHQW FRQVWUXFWLRQ  VWDJHV  DQG  WHFKQLTXHV   WKH  DUFKDHRORJLFDO  ILQGV  FHUDPLFDO  W\SRORJ\  VSDFLDODQDO\VLVDQGWKHVHWWOHPHQWɛVSODFHLQVLGHDODUJHUFRPPXQLW\