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2020, Punctum Books
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24 pages
1 file
Let’s step back for a moment and think about images and where they come from, both personal and collective. Think about your iPhone, Google, and other search engines and think about all this electronic data, everywhere, including your credit card transactions, your train pass swipes, all those cameras, all the data and images you take and are taken of you all on a daily basis. Where do they all go? Once, perhaps, they went into an archive, well certain images and records. The word “archive” derived from the Greek Arkheion, a house, or the residence of the superior magistrates. Images and documents were kept in the houses of the powerful. As such the archive more often preserves the history of the victors, while presenting such history as reality or scientific truth. The archive is a realist machine, a body of power and knowledge, and it sustains itself by repetition. More precisely, the authority of traditional archives controls and regulates the reproduction of their items.
When archives are approached as sites of interrogation rather than depositories of knowledge they provide material with which to unlock preconceived conceptions of power and security. Archives are sites which reflect the power relations involved in deciding what to store, how, where, and the design of systems of retrieval of material. These relations, in turn, are the reflection of ways of imagining the world. Ultimately, an archive becomes a space of negotiation between imaginaries (the researcher's, the archivists', the originators of documents and the designers of recording systems). If approached creatively and resourcefully they can provide the 'stuff' for critical enquiry.
Images, pictures, imagination, Althusser, Castoriadis,
Archival Science, 2002
Public and private organizations depend, for their disciplinary and surveillance power, on the creation and maintenance of records. Entire societies may be emprisoned in Foucauldian panopticism, a system of surveillance and power-knowledge, based on and practised by registration, filing, and records. Archives resemble temples as institutions of surveillance and power architecturally, but they also function as such, because the panoptical archive disciplines and controls through knowledge-power. Inside the archives, the rituals, surveillance, and discipline serve to maintain the power of the archives and the archivist. But the archives' power is (or should be) the citizen's power too. The violation of human rights is documented in the archives and the citizen who defends himself appeals to the archives. People value “storage” as a means to keep account of the present for the future. In order to be useable as instruments of empowerment and liberation, archives have to be secured as storage memory serving society's future functional memories.
This collection of essays explores the current proliferation of the concept of the archive. The concept of the archive has expanded into areas beyond the classical archive to art, philosophy, and new textual and media practices. Simultaneously, these new practices both resist and transform the archival impulse, perhaps creating what one could call a new “anarchival” condition. The contributions approach the topic from three different but related angles: 1. New Conceptions, 2. New Archival Practices, and 3. New Challenges. In the first section Knut Ove Eliassen (one of the best on MF ever written) and Wolfgang Ernst lays the ground for some of the new conceptions of the archive at stake in this collection. The next section, “New Archival Practices” is devoted to practices outside the archive proper which relate to or reflect upon the contemporary archival condition. Susanne Østby Sæther explores emerging forms of Archival Art practices, and Terje Rasmussen analyses how the interplay between digital media and memory construction affects the smallest units in society, the family and the individual. Here, the mobile phone as an archive and a recorder is crucial. In the last section, “New Challenges” Kjetil Jacobsen and Alexander Galloway pose a series of critical reflections as well as speculative conclusions regarding the future of the archive. In the article “Anarchival Society” Jacobsen argues that we have moved from a historical society to an archival society, or as he calls it (after Wolfgang Ernst), “anarchival society”, and Alexander Galloway from New York University addresses the Internet as a new kind of archive which determines every aspect of social life. In the epilogue, Trond Lundemo sums it all up in an reflection upon the organizational principles and algorithms structuring what is accessible and stored in the archives and on the Internet, tends to hide themselves.
It is thus, in this domiciliation, in this house arrest, that archives take place. The dwelling, this place where they dwell permanently, marks this institutional passage from the private to the public, which does not always mean from the secret to the non-secret. (It is what is happening, right here, when a house, the Freuds' last house, becomes a museum: the passage from one institution to another.) With such a status, the documents, which are not always discursive writings, are only kept and classified under the title of the archive by virtue of a privileged topology. They inhabit this unusual place, this place of election where law and singularity intersect in privilege. At the intersection of the topological and nomological, of the place and the law, of the substrate and the authority, a scene of domiciliation becomes at once visible and invisible.
Public Knowledge, 2019
'Archive Stories, Archive Realities' is a Chapter in 'Public Knowledge' by Freerange Press that explores the role and power of archives. "“When brought together as a public archive in the form of a state institution, archives are amplified into a grandiose narrative of nationhood—a metanarrative. Indeed, some theorists go so far as to claim there is no state without archives. This is because archives have power. And in turn, archives are created and shaped by ever-contested power relations. Public archives are not ‘passive storehouses of old stuff, but active sites where social power is negotiated, contested, confirmed.’ Their holdings ‘wield power over the shape and direction of historical scholarship, collective memory, and national identity, over how we know ourselves as individuals, groups, and societies’. Archives allow people to marshal stories and to make meaning. Archives are the very possibility of politics.”
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