ETHNOCULTURAL SITUATION OF UZBEK PEOPLE IN NORTHERN AFGHANISTAN

Impact Factor: ISRA (India) = 6.317 ISI (Dubai, UAE) = 1.582 GIF (Australia) = 0.564 JIF = 1.500 SIS (USA) = 0.912 РИНЦ (Russia) = 0.126 ESJI (KZ) = 9.035 SJIF (Morocco) = 7.184 QR – Issue SOI: 1.1/TAS ICV (Poland) PIF (India) IBI (India) OAJI (USA) = 6.630 = 1.940 = 4.260 = 0.350 QR – Article DOI: 10.15863/TAS International Scientific Journal Theoretical & Applied Science p-ISSN: 2308-4944 (print) e-ISSN: 2409-0085 (online) Year: 2021 Volume: 98 Issue: 06 Published: 19.06.2021 http://T-Science.org Muhammad Humayun Nadim Termez state university PhD student, +998906454010 [email protected] ETHNOCULTURAL SITUATION OF UZBEK PEOPLE IN NORTHERN AFGHANISTAN Abstract: This article is about the life of Uzbeks in northern Afghanistan, their history and information on today’s ethno cultural status, habitats, and customs given. Also, the historical formation and ethnicity of the Uzbeks of Northern Afghanistan development, culturally ascending processes are described. Territory focuses on the analysis of ethnic traditions. Key words: Northern Afghanistan, Ethnocultural Situation, Turknajot, Faryab, Juvjan. Language: English Citation: Nadim, M. H. (2021). Ethnocultural situation of Uzbek people in Northern Afghanistan. ISJ Theoretical & Applied Science, 06 (98), 490-492. Soi: http://s-o-i.org/1.1/TAS-06-98-59 Doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.15863/TAS Scopus ASCC: 3300. Introduction Northern Afghanistan, which was considered a part of Greater Turkestan separate and special study of life, way of life and literature of Uzbeks requires. It is said that Uzbeks in Afghanistan and other Turks living in the country. The folklore and ethnographic lexicon of the tribes have not been fully explored yet. Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country at the crossroads of Central and South Asia. Afghanistan is bordered by Pakistan to the east and south; Iran to the west; Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan to the north; and China to the northeast. Occupying 652,000 square kilometers (252,000 sq mi), it is a mountainous country with plains in the north and southwest. Kabul is the capital and largest city. Its population is around 32 million, composed mostly of ethnic Pashtuns, Tajiks and Uzbeks. The official languages are Pashto and Dari. Uzbek languages are recognized as official languages in their densely populated areas are given. On October 21, 2019, the state for the development of the Uzbek language and culture by President Mr. Ashraf Ghani, 21- October is included in the calendar as the national day of the Uzbek language and in Kabul, A center for the development of the Uzbek and Turkmen languages was opened under the auspices of the state. Philadelphia, USA Literature review In Afghanistan, Uzbeks live mainly in northern Afghanistan. North Afghanistan consists of two regions - Turkestan and Qataghin. To the Turkestan region Faryab, Juvuzjan, Sari Pul, Balkh and Samangon provinces; Baglon to the repressed region, These include Kunduz, Tahor and Badakhshan provinces. In Afghanistan, Uzbeks live in the northern and eastern regions of Afghanistan does. The majority of Uzbek Turks and Turkmen Turks are engaged in agriculture, animal husbandry, is engaged in carpet weaving and entrepreneurship. Starting from the border province of Herat Territories up to the border of Uzbekistan Balkh, Samangan, Herat, Badgiz, Faryab, Uzbeks live in Javuzjan, Sari Pul and Balkh regions. In general, the Turkic nations in Afghanistan are in different parts of the country live. Northern Afghanistan, part of an old settlement called Turkestan has been one of the crossroads of civilization for centuries. Afghanistan from the beginning of history this country has long been the homeland of the Turks. It has a historical and cultural heritage there are deep traces. Saks, Kushans, Ghaznavids, Seljuks, From the reign of Khorezmshahs, Timurids and later Babur dynasties In later times, Turkic tribes also lived in this country and 490 Impact Factor: ISRA (India) = 6.317 ISI (Dubai, UAE) = 1.582 GIF (Australia) = 0.564 JIF = 1.500 SIS (USA) = 0.912 РИНЦ (Russia) = 0.126 ESJI (KZ) = 9.035 SJIF (Morocco) = 7.184 = 6.630 = 1.940 = 4.260 = 0.350 people in the country. Afghanistan is a polytheistic country with a population of more than twenty ethnic group of people. In Afghanistan Turkic-speaking peoples are also called Turknajot, Turkabor [3, -p.14]. One of the main reasons for this is that the word Tabor was a term that combined ancient ethnic names. In fact, the term Turkish Tabor has been used since ancient times to refer to Turkic peoples. The origin is mentioned in the scientific literature [4; -b.170]. Also in northern Afghanistan not to divide the nation during the civil war in the country, ie. Turkmen, Uzbek and It is common to call other nations by the common name of turktabor. For centuries, the Timurids and the Babur dynasty ruled Afghanistan, Pakistan and India They ruled over a vast geography, and as a result, the Turkic Uzbeks The number has been steadily increasing. Uzbeks live in Afghanistan, mainly in Faryab, they lives in Juvzjan, Sari Pul, Samangon, Balkh, Takhar, Badakhshan, Baghlan, provinces. The dialect of these regions belongs more to the Kipchak dialect [5, p.187]. The ethnocultural situation in Afghanistan is closely intertwined with ethnographic events in the region connected. Here are some of them. Twenty or thirty years ago, pregnant women in Afghanistan gave birth at home. In every village were experienced midwives who were responsible for this work. The umbilical cord of a newborn baby cut by a midwife or one of the experienced women involved in the process. The grandmother who cut the umbilical cord was given a dress. Afghan Uzbeks there is a tradition of holding an “Aqeeqah” wedding for a baby, and this tradition is held from the time the baby is one week old until the baby is born. It is a birthday party or a ceremony. Two sheep are slaughtered for a boy and one for a girl, and the flesh of the slaughtered sheep is broken into pieces. Boiled soups or stews are often prepared during the ceremony. The child who performs the Aqeeqah ceremony will be loyal to his parents and will be righteous. In Uzbeks, naming a baby one week after birth, in the presence of close relatives, the adhan was said in the baby’s ear, "his name is so-and-so Let it be. Then dry in bowls to neighbors and uninvited relatives fruits and sweets will be sent and the name will be announced. Baburi rulers to babies It has become a tradition to give names and Islamic names. The baby is three months old then placed in the cradle. In particular, in Sari Pul and Shiberghan the child was three months old then cradling was a tradition. He saw a lot in the cradle, a child, It is performed by women, all of whom grow up in cradles. The circumcision ceremony lasted from four to twelve years, depending on financial means during the period. Palav (rice) will is spread to people and ulak (kupkari) or kurash is given. In some areas it is limited to the distribution of Palav to people. In the process of making Palav. The child will be given new clothes, called it their homeland known as. Even today, in northern Afghanistan, mainly Uzbeks, Turkmens, Kazakh, Karakalpak, Kyrgyz, Kyzylbash, Afshar, Aimak, Uyghur Turks in solidarity has been living. Afghanistan is a multilingual country with many different languages and unexplored mysteries full dialects and dialects apply. Uzbeks in the north and north-east of the country Turks speak Uzbek. They belong mainly to the Indo-Iranian, raw-som, Altaic language family communicate in appropriate languages. There are three main official languages in Afghanistan in circulation: Dari Pashto and Uzbek languages. Pashto and Persian constitutional recognized as the state language. Article 16 of the 2003 state constitution, In general, Turkish, the Uzbek language, has been given the status of the third official language in the region. However this status has not yet been fully implemented. To non-Pashtun tribes of Afghan or Pashtun rulers and especially assimilative and discriminatory against Turkic peoples (Uzbeks and Turkmens) His policy was very difficult at the time. However, in 1963 a new democracy was established in Afghanistan, Although the norms are regulated, the Uzbek Turks are still political, social, failed to achieve cultural development. Here the Turkic peoples have their own literary, historical, who have been trying to maintain their cultural status. In other words, Lutfi, The general human ideas of Navoi, Babur, Makhtumkuli (Firogiy) and others are reflected He studied his works, examples of poetry and artistic creation, and their magnificent continue their traditions with dignity [1, -p.351]. Coverage of Uzbek and Turkmen Turks in the Turkic regions. It was also revived in 1983 during the reign of Babrak Karmal. Of the University. The department of "Uzbek language and literature" was opened at the faculties of language and literature. However, in 1992 they began to close for more than a year. Since 1993, this department in Balkh University continued his work again, But the Taliban government closed again by. This section has been published by Uzbeks since 2003 began to operate. Juvuzjon University "Uzbek and English", then 2006-2007 The departments of "Uzbek language and literature" were opened at Tahkar University. Unfortunately, this divisions are still underdeveloped and inefficient; due to the lack of qualified teachers and textbooks in these departments is not able to operate at a high level. An article by the name "Chi gunagi ejodi kishvariy ba nome Afg`oniston" (how the country called Afghanistan was created) released in London in September 2008. "The name of Afghanistan is a small one on the slopes of Mount Solomon two hundred years ago used in relation to the region, then the Pashtuns invaded other areas. The term Afghanistan refers to a large area due to the acquisition and British assistance notes that it has been used" [2]. Nowadays ethnic image of Afghanistan does show its peculiarities and individualities of the Philadelphia, USA ICV (Poland) PIF (India) IBI (India) OAJI (USA) 491 Impact Factor: ISRA (India) = 6.317 ISI (Dubai, UAE) = 1.582 GIF (Australia) = 0.564 JIF = 1.500 SIS (USA) = 0.912 РИНЦ (Russia) = 0.126 ESJI (KZ) = 9.035 SJIF (Morocco) = 7.184 gifts and greetings. He is presented with various gifts by his uncles and relatives. The ethnocultural situation of the Uzbeks in northern Afghanistan wedding process in illumination also has a special process. The young man’s wife before sending the groom to the girls’ house. Relatives meet with the girl’s mother and express their intentions. Towards the girl. If the young man agrees, he says, "He knows his destiny". If they do not agree, they just refuse with the answers "our daughter is still young" or "our relatives need it" reach These expressions testify to the high ethno cultural level and culture of the people will give. If there is a sign of consent, the village elders and the young man’s relatives agree they go. The Uzbeks in Afghanistan, especially in the Andhuy district of Faryab province, will have to pay between five and fifteen thousand US dollars, and at least 50 or 100 grams of gold jewelry for the bride. As is the case all over the world, getting a higher education for young people, building a house or buying a house to start a family, making a car, making furniture are the necessary stages in the life of every young man, and, of course, a lot of money for them. There is a need for. It is easy to achieve these goals for people whose fathers are rich and wealthy, but young men from low-income families must work to meet these conditions. In a country like Afghanistan, work ICV (Poland) PIF (India) IBI (India) OAJI (USA) = 6.630 = 1.940 = 4.260 = 0.350 is not easy, so young men go to work in foreign countries such as Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Iran and Pakistan, and work hard for years to earn a lot of money and wedding expenses. Therefore, the age of the men are becoem 30-40 years before marriage. [3; -b.61]. From the Fatiha wedding ceremony between the wedding ceremony of the marriage can take time at least three months up to two years. During this period, by the groom on the holidays of Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha and Navruz Eid and Navruz gifts will be sent to the bride. Preparations for the wedding will be made, Mahar and other expenses will be paid by the groom on the wedding day. Palov is going to be distributed to the people. Girl selects a representative, that will be appointed. The bride is wanted as a representative has the right to appoint a person. After agreeing with the representative, the Prophet (PBUH) will addressed by the mullah. The khutbah is recited as a sunnah performed. After the Khutbah is read, the bride is considered to be fully married to the groom. Conclusion In general, the ethnic situation of the Uzbeks in northern Afghanistan has existed for centuries formed and developed along with the way of life of the people. People for centuries faithful to their traditions and values, their ancestors are the successors of traditions. As such, these habits are passed on to their children. 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