Social Sciences

Parenting support is a new policy field, directed toward teaching parents how to assume their role. Its foundations are embedded in a child-centered social investment approach, which is becoming dominant in Western European welfare states. This article aims at exploring the extent to which ideas underlying these policies are coherent with individual attitudes toward children, parents, their relationship and their change over time. We analyze how these attitudes changed in five selected countries (France, Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Sweden), using data from all four waves of the European Values Study (1981, 1990, 1999, 2008). We also test what kind of values are behind these attitudes, employing logistic regression as method. Our main finding is that there has been a value shift in public sentiments regarding the primacy of children, which is no longer to be viewed as a traditional type of attitude.

Impact studies of prevention programmes, in particular meta-analyses, usually interpret outcome and impact statistics as tests of an underlying theory of prevention. However, these programmes usually combine various interventions linked to different theoretical perspectives. Consequently, the effects of the programme can easily be misinterpreted. This article introduces an interpretation method that acknowledges the eclecticism of prevention practice and is also a feasible instrument to enhance the quality of meta-studies. First, the interventions of the programme are identifi ed and analysed separately. Second, an assessment is made of the arguments that link interventions and the espoused theories. Third, each intervention is represented by a set of scores indicating the types of links and core theoretical assumptions. These scores are aggregated to programme scores and included as independent variables in meta-analyses. The method is illustrated by an evaluation of practices in two Dutch crime prevention institutions. The evaluation demonstrated the theoretical value of (eclectic) practices, even when they differ substantially from the offi cial programme theories. The approach also highlighted an 'interpretation error' in assessing the impact of one of the programmes and suggests a correction.

The current study explored parents' attitudes towards nonparental adults' involvement in childrearing practices. Parents' attitudes were operationalized in their willingness to share parenting responsibility and interest to participate in parenting activities. Data were collected through a quantitative survey with 1,090 parents from 17 Dutch neighborhoods. Results suggest that parents are ambivalent about involving others in childrearing practices. Furthermore, parents seem to prefer activities that do not focus explicitly on childrearing, but that do assist them in handling parenting tasks or give them the opportunity to exchange experiences. Fathers, parents with more sources of informal support, and parents who gave support themselves were more willing to share responsibility, whereas non-Western parents, parents with positive judgments on cohesion and trust in their neighborhood, parents with more sources of formal support, and parents who gave support themselves were more interested in participating in activities. C

Impact studies of prevention programmes, in particular meta-analyses, usually interpret outcome and impact statistics as tests of an underlying theory of prevention. However, these programmes usually combine various interventions linked to different theoretical perspectives. Consequently, the effects of the programme can easily be misinterpreted. This article introduces an interpretation method that acknowledges the eclecticism of prevention practice and is also a feasible instrument to enhance the quality of meta-studies. First, the interventions of the programme are identifi ed and analysed separately. Second, an assessment is made of the arguments that link interventions and the espoused theories. Third, each intervention is represented by a set of scores indicating the types of links and core theoretical assumptions. These scores are aggregated to programme scores and included as independent variables in meta-analyses. The method is illustrated by an evaluation of practices in two Dutch crime prevention institutions. The evaluation demonstrated the theoretical value of (eclectic) practices, even when they differ substantially from the offi cial programme theories. The approach also highlighted an 'interpretation error' in assessing the impact of one of the programmes and suggests a correction.

Wasmachines, Glen Mills of het taakvaardigheidsmodel. Presentatie en illustratie van een methode om interventies in residentiële instellingen voor jeugdzorg te vergelijken. Bob Horjus Chris Baerveldt (Deze tekst is in druk verschenen: Horjus, B. & Baerveldt, C. (2001) Wasmachines, Glen Mills of het taakvaardigheidsmodel. Presentatie en illustratie van een methode om interventies in residentiële instellingen voor jeugdzorg te vergelijken. Kind en Adolescent, 22, 257-267.)

Responsivt forældresamarbejde handler om skolens måde at møde og samarbejde med elevernes forældre på. For skolens professionelle er forældresamarbejdet en del af kerneopgaven. Undersøgelser viser dog, at samarbejdet ofte opleves svært og krævende, hvilket kan have store negative konsekvenser for de implicerede, ikke mindst familierne. Responsivt forældresamarbejde tager afsæt i de professionelles ansvar og kompetencer og lægger fokus på de forholdemåder og handlinger, hvormed de professionelle indgår i og faciliterer samarbejdsprocesser med forældrene. Artiklen redegør for, hvad responsivt forældresamarbejde betyder, og hvordan det kan se ud i praksis. Artiklen viser, hvordan de dominerende diskurser om forældresamarbejde stiller sig hindrende i vejen for et responsivt forældresamarbejde. Hermed argumenteres for et behov for en ny diskurs, som artiklen forsøger at give et bud på.

Responding to interactive troubles in schools can create processes of exclusion and marginalization. Certain basic assumptions can become knitted into school culture in ways that give rise to specific exclusionary practices. However, it does not have to be this way. Inclusionary ways of responding to interactive troubles can also be produced, given a school culture that nurtures relational ways of engagement. This article presents such relational practices and argues thoroughly for their use.

Denne artikel giver et indblik i, pa hvilken made et paradigmeskift i erkendelsesteori abner nye veje for evaluering, der kan fore til en bedre og mindre tidskraevende opgavevaretagelse i savel den private som offentlige sektor. Den udbredte evalueringsaktivitet i organisationer og institutioner medforer ofte mange utilsigtede folgevirkninger, som medarbejdere, ledere og brugere siden hen skal afsaette tid og ressourcer til at rette op pa eller forsoge at skabe mening med. Artiklen viser hvordan disse utilsigtede folgevirkninger kan undgas, nar evaluering tager afsaet i socialkonstruktionistisk erkendelsesteori. Hermed er Femte Generations Evaluering fodt.

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Het ontstaan van demonstraties en het veranderen van de vorm daarvan is een sociaal verschijnsel en daarom een interessant object voor wetenschappelijk onderzoek. In dit paper worden psychologische en sociologische verklaringen voor dit onderwerp gegeven. Het sociaal-psychologische begrip Imagined Communities, geformuleerd door Anderson, is hierbij een belangrijk begrip wat besproken zal worden. Vervolgens zal het veranderen van de collectieve samenleving naar een samenleving waar de nadruk meer gelegd worden op individualisering als een belangrijke sociologische reden worden gegeven voor het veranderen van demonstraties. Als laatste worden de wetenschappelijke stijlen, geformuleerd door Kwa (2014), gekoppeld aan de gebruikte bronnen en zal het belang van het thema Science in transition bij dit onderwerp toegelicht worden.

Aantal gemeenten/regio's 2 98/5 291/21 317/18 422/18 355/32 3 De Scandinavische landen zijn-met uitzondering van Denemarken-qua oppervlak veel groter dan Nederland. Nederland heeft aanzienlijk meer inwoners. Hoewel de vergrijzing van de bevolking verder is voortgeschreden in Scandinavië, liggen de uitgaven voor langdurige zorg lager. Zweden komt het meest dicht bij de uitgaven voor gezondheidszorg en langdurige zorg in Nederland. Kwaliteit van leven Inwoners van Scandinavische landen en Nederland geven over het algemeen een hoog cijfer voor de mate van tevredenheid met hun leven. Zo staat Denemarken op de tweede plaats van meest gelukkige landen ter wereld (Helliwell, Layard, & Sachs, 2019). In Tabel 2 presenteren we de gegevens die verzameld zijn middels de 'Eurofound's European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS)' op thema's die te maken hebben met kwaliteit van leven. Deze tabel beschrijft de beschikbare cijfers van Denemarken, Zweden en Finland (over Noorwegen zijn geen data op deze indicatoren beschikbaar). Ter vergelijking hebben we ook de cijfers uit Nederland en het EUgemiddelde toegevoegd. Te zien is dat zowel de Scandinavische landen als Nederland beter scoren dan het EU-gemiddelde op alle meegenomen indicatoren. 1 Bron: Eurostat, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statisticsexplained/index.php?title=File:Population_age_structure_indicators,_1_January_2017_(%25).png 2 Bron: www.wikipedia.nl 3 Zorgkantoor regio's (www.regioatlas.nl) INLEIDING 9 Ouderen-en gehandicaptenzorg in Scandinavië: op zoek naar bronnen voor duurzame vernieuwing © Vilans www.vilans.nl Tabel 2

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