History and Archaeology

Ja, Ivan Marušić, ovime izjavljujem da je moj rad pod naslovom Politika Obrenovića od 1878. do 1903. godine rezultat mojega vlastitog rada, da se temelji na mojim istraživanjima te da se oslanja na izvore i radove navedene u bilješkama i popisu literature. Ni jedan dio mojega rada nije napisan na nedopušten način, odnosno nije prepisan iz necitiranih radova i ne krši bilo čija autorska prava.

U radu se donose nove vijesti o doseljavanju Morlaka, osmanskih podanika, na područje
šibenske Zagore potkraj dvadesetih i početkom tridesetih godina 16. stoljeća. Utvrđuje se porijeklo i prostorni razmještaj pojedinih morlačkih skupina (katuna), a posebna se pozornost posvećuje zakupničkim ugovorima koje su njihovi glavari sklopili s vlasnicima sela i pašnjaka – šibenskim zemljoposjednicima. Predlažu se i nova rješenja za ubikaciju nekih naselja koja su navedena u osmanskome poreznom popisu iz 1550. godine kao i u šibenskim ispravama toga doba.

In late Medieval and early modern historical sources, the toponymic form Puncta Ostrice is mentioned a few times as the name of a tract of land near the modern-day settlement of Tisno. Since the toponym has not been preserved in the modern toponymy, we will then try to place it on the basis of its geographical, historical and toponomastic context. We will also examine the appearance of the same and similar toponymic forms in recent eastern Adriatic toponymy. The adjective oštar ‘sharp’ appears frequently in Croatian toponymy, particularly in oronymy. It is most often part of a two-part syntagm (Oštri Vrh, Oštra Kosa, Oštra Glava), while it is more rarely seen in proprialized form (Oštrovica, Oštrik, Oštrikovac). In eastern Adriatic toponymy we also find it in the names of points (Oštri Rat on Korčula, Oštra Ponta on Mljet, Oštra Glava near Rogoznica, Oštri Rt on Prukljan — we have taken these toponyms from topographic maps), but it is present in the proprialized form Oštrica, according to current toponomastic data, only along the Šibenik coastal area and archipelago. In the Zadar archipelago, the most indented eastern Adriatic archipelago, there is not a single Oštrica. There is not even a single adjective ‘oštar’ in the toponymy of its points (there exist the toponyms Punta Pocukmarka Oštro and Punta Oštra, but ‘oštar’ in their case is a direction, from the lat. auster, south). The toponym Oštrica exists neither on Čiovo, Drvenik, Šolta, nor Brač, nor does it in the coastal regions to the north and south of Šibenik.

The article analyses registers of birth, marriages and deaths of Murter parish in the period from 1718 to 1815. Basic information on content and form of registers, as well as basic demographic data (annual and seasonal rate of born and baptized, married and dead, average age of men and women at the time of their wedding, age structure of those who died) are given. Information on given and family names is also presented and these data are important to discover connections of Murter population with other villages and towns. Registers also show the social differences among Murter population. Wealthier families obviously developed contacts with nobility and merchants, because members of these families can be traced in registers as godfathers and witnesses. Members of more influential and wealthier Murter families often took part in the local administration (dux, sergente, capitanio, serdar) and clergy. The important feature of Murter population is continuity of traditional families. In the period of almost one century only three or four new families temporary appeared in Murter. Extinction of male members of the family was usually resolved through marriage and husband took his wife’s family name. Husbands from matrilineal marriages usually came from other Murter families and rarely from other villages. This article gives general information on demographical and statistic developments of the Murter population during 18th and early 19th century, but further research will surly give new important discoveries.

Kornati islands are still, as they were for most of the time in the past, a locality without permanent settlements, and specific, temporary and sporadic settlements depended on nature and agricultural possibilities. The basis of economic exploitation of Kornati soil were its large pasture lands, while agriculture was limited to a rather small area of fertile loose ground. The shepherds and farm laborers who worked on Kornati lived in the settlements on the neighboring islands. These were usually the people from Sali, Luka and Žman on Dugi otok, and later people from Murter and Betina. Kornati were under the jurisdiction of Zadar and the Chamber of Zadar leased it on public auctions. That was the case until 1639 when Kornati were sold to four noblemen from Zadar together with many other surrounding islands. Around mid 17th century, shepherds left the isles of Kornati with their cattle due to pirate attacks at the beginning of the Cretan war (1645 – 1699). Disagreements on legal issues and matters of inheritance between owners and land beneficiaries contributed to slow recovery of the economic conditions of Kornati. People from Murter took advantage of the situation and replaced the shepherds from Žman by bringing their cattle on the deserted pastures of Kornati in 1650s. New relations between owners and pasture beneficiaries were legally sanctioned with a 1654 lease contract between the owner of the northwestern Kornat island (family Soppe and Califfi) and the pastor of Murter, Ivo Skračić and his associate Ivo Gverini who was, by all indications, from Sali. They subleased parts of the pastures to people from Murter and Betina. Around that time, the latter took their cattle to the southeastern Kornat and Žut and Sit islands. A part of Žut pastures were still under the tenancy of Žman shepherds. The reason why shepherds from quite distant Murter occupied Kornati pastures is that the island of Murter was densely populated even in the second half of the 16th century so the island population grew and soon lost its pastures with intense clearing of groves and small surrounding rocky islands. From the beginning of the 17th century, the lack of pastures was compensated by leasing pastures on other near-by islands (Kaprije, Kakan, Gangarol, Žižanj, Košara, etc.) and finally, from the mid 17th century, by leasing the isles of Kornati. A coherent answer to the same question requires a more detailed analysis of socio-economic circumstances of a wider area which one of our future researches might examine.

Tijekom srednjeg i ranog novog vijeka otoci Ist i Škarda nisu bili administrativno i posjedovno povezani kao danas. Ist je bio gospodarski ovisan o otoku Molatu, a Škarda o otoku Premudi. Stoga je istraživanje starijeg povijesnog razvoja Ista i Škarde na određen način uvjetovano poznavanjem još uvijek nedovoljno istražene povijesti Molata i Premude, kao i zadarskog otočja u cjelini. Poput ostalih komunalnih (zadarskih), odnosno državnih (mletačkih) otoka, Ist i Škarda su od ranoga srednjeg vijeka do privatizacije 1639. godine, pa i kasnije, bili namijenjeni isključivo stočarstvu. U takvim se posjedovno-gospodarskim okvirima stanovništvo Ista i Škarde bavilo uglavnom stočarstvom te manje poljodjelstvom, dok se ribarstvo i brodarstvo snažnije razvijaju tek od početka 19. stoljeća.

abstract Ovaj skromni prilog posvećujemo uspomeni na pokoj-nog profesora Franju Smiljanića. Među historiografskim problemima koji su ga pred kraj života intrigirali jedno je od ključnih mjesta pripadalo didićima – društvenom sloju hrvatskog srednjovjekovlja o kojemu se malo zna, a još manje istražuje. Stoga nam se u ovoj posebnoj prigo-di činilo prikladnim pažnju posvetiti upravo didićima, o kojima smo u međuvremenu prikupili nešto novih vijesti. Ključne riječi: srednji vijek, didići, zadarski otoci, zadar-ska komuna, hrvatsko običajno pravo abstract This modest contribution is dedicated to the memory of the late professor Franjo Smiljanić. One of the histori-ographic issues that intrigued him by the end of his life dealt with didići – poorly known and even less explored social class from the Croatian medieval period. Therefore it seemed appropriate to pay attention to didići on this occasion, as we collected some new information in that regard in the meantime.

The article is based on the preserved documents about the establishment, operation and dissolution of Oil production cooperative in Murter. In addition to the selected chapters on its history (foundation and first year of operation, the reconstruction after World War II, renewed momentum after the global economic crisis and the final year of existence), the economic circumstances in developing cooperative are also shown, with special emphasis on the modern olive growing and oil production in Dalmatia. Thus, this article gives a story about the Cooperative and the corresponding general occasions in Murter as well as it gives a history of Dalmatian olive growing and oil production in the 19th and early 20th century (sometimes filled with details and sometimes somewhat superficial though).
Since its establishment (1910) to the dissolution (1948) the cooperative is a central point of economic life in Murter and, to some extent, to the surrounding area as well. It survived several political systems and distinct crisis in the state and regional economy, which made it one of the most resistant production cooperatives in Dalmatia and even in Yugoslavia at that time. It managed to overcome turbulent periods, the first Italian occupation (1918-1921), the World economic crisis (1929-1933) and the Second World War (1939-1945), mainly thanks to the enterprising managers, as well as the villagers, whose existence depended solely on the olive oil since the failure of wine growing in the early 20th century till the boom of tourism later in the 60ties.
The article brings copies of many documents that testify directly about the importance of local and regional cooperative and most important events in its history. A special place was given to documents that clarify the circumstances in which the cooperative ceased to exist with its assets, including the co-operative building that represents one of the fundamental symbols of identity of Murter, passing into the possession of the newly established Agricultural Cooperative (1948).

Tisak Grafikart d.o.o., Zadar Naklada 400 primjeraka ISBN 978-953-95818-5-3 Knjiga je objavljena uz financijsku potporu Ministarstva kulture Republike Hrvatske, Općine Murter-Kornati i Općine Tisno CIP-Katalogizacija u publikaciji Znanstvena knjižnica Zadar UDK 94(210.7Murter)"15/16" 908(210.7Murter)"15/16" JURAN, Kristijan Otok Murter u 16. i 17. stoljeću / Kristijan Juran ; <prijevod sažetka Tamara Glušić>. -Murter : Narodna knjižnica i čitaonica : Ogranak Matice hrvatske, 2017. -196 str. : ilustr. ; 24 cm Bibliografija. -Summary. ISBN 978-953-95818-5-3 (MH, Ogranak Murter) 150816053 Kristijan Juran otok murter u 16. i 17. stoljeću Narodna knjižnica i čitaonica Murter Ogranak Matice hrvatske Murter Murter, 2017. Proslov 9 Uvodna razmatranja 11 Izvori i metodologija 11 Pregled dosadašnjih istraživanja 13 i. strukture, procesi, pojave Otok Murter u regionalnom kontekstu 19 Povijesni okvir 19 Posebnosti smještaja 21 U blizini kopna 21 Između Zadra i Šibenika 23 Na pravcu istočnojadranske plovidbe 24 Osmanlije u susjedstvu 26 Opasnosti i sukobi 26 Suživot i suradnja 33 Senjski uskoci i tradicija o murterskom gusarstvu 36 "I Bakho ga je pio…" -murtersko vino na stolovima mletačkih patricija 46 Prostor 53 More -medij komunikacije 129 Pomorci -iznimke na težačkom otoku 130 Ribari i ribarska prigovaranja 131 otok murter u 16. i 17. stoljeću

U radu se, na temelju arhivske građe šibenske provenijencije, donose novi podaci o podrijetlu i rodbini prvoga kliškog sandžakbega, kojega je dosadašnja literatura poznavala kao Murat-beg Tardića. Utvrđuje se da je prezime njegove obitelji glasilo Gajdić, a ne Tardić, te da su njegov otac Mihat i djed Toma iz svojega rodnog sela Mokra u šibenskom Gornjem polju zbog turske opasnosti potkraj 15. stoljeća preselili u Šibenik. Ističe se zatim već poznata činjenica o prekograničnim susretima i skladnim odnosima između Murat-bega i njegova brata Jurja, šibenskoga kanonika i opata, što je po svoj prilici imalo izravna upliva na rješavanje graničnih sporova na šibenskoj dionici mletačko-osmanskoga pograničja tijekom dvadesetih i tridesetih godina 16. stoljeća.

This paper brings member lists of four professional groups in Šibenik – merchants, sailors, craftsmen and medical workers – who were recorded in archival sources in the period from 1620 to 1630. The everyday life in Šibenik of that period has been characterized by a dynamic pulse of economic exchange amongst the Ottoman, Šibenik and Venetian merchants on one hand, and on the other by a steady rhythm of the internal social movements, confining laws and social status framework inherited through centuries. While merchants and sailors, as well as others, paved the paths that associated Šibenik with Ottoman continental hinterland and trans-Adriatic Italian centres, merchants left the strongest mark in the city community. These are the reasons why we separated, with special attention, these three groups of professionals in Šibenik society of that period, adding them medical professionals who, by nature of their occupation, were by default related to merchants and craftsmen. In addition, the listed professional groups were largely involved in building the middle class, so they can be viewed as crucial part of Šibenik and the most numerous part of the social pyramid, with noblemen at the top, and labourers at the bottom. Šibenik of that time had about 4.000 inhabitants, and between 5.500 and 6.000 with suburbs included. There were between 150 and 200 members of the nobility, since 18 noble families lived in the City in 1626. We recognized 64 merchants, 48 sailors, 312 craftsmen and 10 medical staff in the archives from the period 1620 – 1630, so these numbers give us an insight into representation of certain social class and professional workers in the total City population. Members of local families dominated among craftsmen and sailors, and merchants were equally represented by domestic inhabitants and those who arrived from Venice. Medical professionals – doctors, surgeons and pharmacists – were usually foreigners employed in the City. These are general observations of the data we brought in this paper. As for the comprehensive analysis, and comparative analysis at diachronic and synchronic level, they are left to be told on another occasion.

U radu se preispituje usmena predaja i donosi niz novih ar-hivskih vijesti o dolasku korčulanskih kalafata na Murter i druge sjevernodalmatinske otoke u 18. stoljeću. Uvodno se razmatraju podaci o brodovima i brodograditeljima na otoku Murteru u razdoblju od 15. do 17. stoljeća, dok se u završ-nom poglavlju pažnja posvećuje općenito brodograditeljskoj djelatnosti na korčulanskim škverima potkraj 17. i u prvim desetljećima 18. stoljeća te posebno gajeti, simbolu i objektu povijesnoga prožimanja korčulanske i betinske brodogradnje. PREDUVOD Riječi što ih čitatelj upravo pogledom prati naklon su i poklon jednog " kabinetskog " povjesničara pronositeljima jadranskih i mediteranskih tradicijskih vještina, i to u nji-hovoj slavljeničkoj godini, koja im je, eto, barem dio uložena truda vratila 20. obljet-nicom murterskoga Latinskog idra i europskim priznanjem Muzeju betinske drvene brodogradnje.

Recent historiography has produced a number of notable works on the Venetian-Ottoman relations at the border of Trogir in the 16th century and the role of the newly settled Ottoman Morlachs in them. This paper is a contribution to understanding of these relations, with its research sensors focused primarily on so far unpublished archival data about the presence of the Morlach tribes (Katuns) in individual villages of the Trogir district during the period from 1530 to 1600. It has been noted that the majority of the newly arrived Morlachs belonged to tribal groups of Vratković, Popović and Vasarović. The tribe Vratković, which came from Herzegovina, was the most numerous. They inhabited six villages - Ljubitovica, Bristivica, Prapatnica, Dašini Doci, Vraca and Blizna. The village of their elder (Katunar) was in Ljubitovica. The tribe Popović are mentioned in 1530 in Zbičje (north-eastern part of present-day Prgomet) and later recorded in Suhi Dol and Kosmači (present-day Primorski Dolac). The tribe Vasarović was located in Trokolve, and they most probably owe their tribal name to Vasav, the father of Jacob, who in 1550 was the village's elder. Thus, the three Morlach communities demographically covered two-thirds of the settlements in the hinterland of Trogir, “behind the hills” and within the Trogir district. Perhaps future research will recognize them in the remaining thirds, for instance in Labin, Opor, Prgomet and Radošić.

U prilogu se razmatra arhivski zapis iz sredine 15. stoljeća koji je u literaturi poznat kao "katalog" ili "popis" župa i naselja Šibenske biskupije. Nije sačuvan u originalu, nego u prijepisima iz 16., 17. i 18. stoljeća. Nakon uvodnih reminiscencija na postojeću literaturu, donosi se osvrt na dataciju i provenijenciju prijepisa te rukopisnu tradiciju, potom se raščlanjuje sadržaj zapisa, a na kraju se pristupa problemu njegove recepcije u recentnoj znanstvenoj i neznanstvenoj javnosti. / The text discusses the archival record from the mid-15th century, which is known in the literature as a "catalogue" or "list" of parishes and villages of Šibenik diocese. It is not preserved in the original, but in transcripts from the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. After introductory reminiscences of the existing literature, a review of the dating and provenance of the transcript and the manuscript tradition is given, followed by the analysis of the record content. Finally, the text brings the problem of its reception in the recent scientific and non-scientific public.