Moquegua

A set of simulations using a validated and realistic parameterization of a numerical model was conducted for the south and southwest Portuguese regions as an attempt to understand larval dispersal patterns in the Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus). Larvae were introduced in the model as Lagrangian particles with five different behavioural scenarios concerning their ability to migrate vertically. Growth rate was temperature dependent and the larvae were tracked individually. The end point of the simulations was the position of the larvae when they reached competency at age 1. Age 1.25 was also considered to simulate a possible delay in settling due to lack of an appropriate substrate. The results showed that the majority of the larvae reached age 1 near the hatching area along the southern shelf, while low exchange of larvae between the south and the west coasts was observed, especially for behavioural scenarios where larvae remained in relatively shallow waters. Scenarios where larvae performed diurnal vertical migration and delayed settlement until age 1.25 indicated a tendency for westward motion because of interactions with the Mediterranean undercurrent. Self-recruitment to the Algarve stock was estimated at 0.2% to 0.5%, raising the concern that this stock may be experiencing recruitment limitation.

Background: The role of wildlife as a brucellosis reservoir for humans and domestic livestock remains to be properly established. The aim of this work was to determine the aetiology, apparent prevalence, spatial distribution and risk factors for brucellosis transmission in several Iberian wild ungulates. Methods: A multi-species indirect immunosorbent assay (iELISA) using Brucella S-LPS antigen was developed. In several regions having brucellosis in livestock, individual serum samples were taken between 1999 and 2009 from 2,579 wild bovids, 6,448 wild cervids and4,454 Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa), and tested to assess brucellosis apparent prevalence. Strains isolated from wild boar were characterized to identify the presence of markers shared with the strains isolated from domestic pigs. Results: Mean apparent prevalence below 0.5% was identified in chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica), Iberian wild goat (Capra pyrenaica), and red deer (Cervus elaphus). Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), fallow deer (Dama dama), mouflon (Ovis aries) and Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia) tested were seronegative. Only one red deer and one Iberian wild goat resulted positive in culture, isolating B. abortus biovar 1 and B. melitensis biovar 1, respectively. Apparent prevalence in wild boar ranged from 25% to 46% in the different regions studied, with the highest figures detected in South-Central Spain. The probability of wild boar being positive in the iELISA was also affected by age, age-by-sex interaction, sampling month, and the density of outdoor domestic pigs. A total of 104 bacterial isolates were obtained from wild boar, being all identified as B. suis biovar 2. DNA polymorphisms were similar to those found in domestic pigs. Conclusions: In conclusion, brucellosis in wild boar is widespread in the Iberian Peninsula, thus representing an important threat for domestic pigs. By contrast, wild ruminants were not identified as a significant brucellosis reservoir for livestock.

Del Word-of-mouth al Marketing viral: aspectos claves de la comunicación a través de redes sociales Comunicacion y Hombre, núm. 5, 2009, pp. 41-51 Universidad Francisco de Vitoria España ¿Cómo citar? Número completo Más información del artículo Página de la revista Comunicacion y Hombre ISSN (Versión impresa): 1885-365X [email protected] Universidad Francisco de Vitoria España www.redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto AUTOR Revista Comunicación y Hombre · Número 5 · Año 2009

Dos rectas en R 3 se llaman oblicuas o cruzadas si son no paralelas y no se intersectan. El objetivo de esta nota es encontrar los dos puntos de dos rectas oblicuas que minimizan la distancia entre dos puntos arbitrarios de las rectas, es decir, hallar esa distancia mínima entre ellas. Se prueba, además, que distancia mínima es la distancia entre dos planos paralelos que contienen ambas rectas.

Background-Inspired CO 2 is a potent ventilatory stimulant exhibiting a paradoxical inhibitory eVect on breathing at high concentrations. Severe respiratory depression as a result of CO 2 rebreathing during sleep has been implicated as a possible trigger factor in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Objective-To investigate the ventilatory and heart rate (HR) responses to inhaled CO 2 in infants with apnoea of infancy, a group believed to be at increased risk of SIDS. Study design-Thirty one infants with severe sleep related apnoea, 31 infants with mild recurrent apnoea, and 31 age and sex matched controls for the infants with severe sleep related apnoea were studied. HR was computed from digitised RR intervals, "ventilation" was recorded by inductance plethysmography, and PCO 2 and PO 2 were monitored by transcutaneous electrodes. The ventilatory and HR responses to CO 2 were expressed as percentage increase in ventilation and change in HR/unit change in transcutaneous PCO 2 . Results-The mean increase in transcutaneous PCO 2 during CO 2 challenge (0.45 kPa = 3.4 mm Hg) resulted in a mean increase in ventilation of 291%/1 kPa (7.3 mm Hg) increase in transcutaneous PCO 2 , with no diVerence between the groups. A significant diVerence between infants with severe sleep related apnoea and mild recurrent apnoea versus controls (p < 0.02, p < 0.01, respectively) was found in their HR response to CO 2 challenge: HR decreased in 12 severe sleep related apnoea infants and 10 infants with mild recurrent apnoea, but only in two controls. Conclusion-Infants with apnoea of infancy frequently show a paradoxical decrease in HR during CO 2 challenge, possibly because of an insuYcient ability to mobilise cardiovascular defence mechanisms when challenged with hypercapnia.

Background: Salt-sensitive normotensive men exhibit an enhanced pressor and heart rate (HR) response to mental stress. Stress-induced HR acceleration may result from sympathetic activation or vagal withdrawal. We studied the importance of vagal withdrawal for the increased stress responsiveness of salt-sensitive subjects.

The previous publications of this series described the expected grain distributions around model radioactive structures in EM autoradiographs as a function of the specimen resolution. This family of expected distributions was called the "universal curves". In the present study, experiments on ~4C-labeled specimens refine our information regarding the tails of the universal curves. When the expected grain distributions from 125I-, all-, and ~4C-sources were compared, significant differences were found depending on the energy of the isotope. These differences were primarily in the tails of the distributions, and are therefore important in correcting for cross-scatter when analyzing electron microscope autoradiographs.

Background: WR1065 is the free-thiol metabolite of the cytoprotective aminothiol amifostine, which is used clinically at very high doses to protect patients against toxicity induced by radiation and chemotherapy. In an earlier study we briefly reported that the aminothiol WR1065 also inhibits HIV-1 replication in phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated human T-cell blasts (TCBs) infected in culture for 2 hr before WR1065 exposure. In this study we expanded the original observations to define the dose-response curve for that inhibition, and address the question of additive effects for the combination of WR1065 plus Zidovudine (AZT). Here we also explored the effect of WR1065 on SIV by examining TCBs taken from macaques with well-established infections several months with SIV.

The class III histone deacetylase (HDAC) SIRT1 plays a role in the metabolism, aging, and carcinogenesis of organisms and regulates senescence and apoptosis in cells. Recent reports revealed that SIRT1 also deacetylates several DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair proteins. However, its exact functions in DNA repair remained elusive. Using nuclear foci analysis and fluorescence-based, chromosomal DSB repair reporter, we find that SIRT1 activity promotes homologous recombination (HR) in human cells. Importantly, this effect is unrelated to functions of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), another NAD(+)-catabolic protein, and does not correlate with cell cycle changes or apoptosis. Interestingly, we demonstrate that inactivation of Rad51 does not eliminate the effect of SIRT1 on HR. By epistasis-like analysis through knockdown and use of mutant cells of distinct SIRT1 target proteins, we show that the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) factor Ku70 as well as the Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome protein (nibrin) are not needed for this SIRT1-mediated effect, even though a partial contribution of nibrin cannot be excluded. Strikingly however, the Werner helicase (WRN), which in its mutated form causes premature aging and cancer and which was linked to the Rad51-independent single-strand annealing (SSA) DSB repair pathway, is required for SIRT1-mediated HR. These results provide first evidence that links SIRT1's functions to HR with possible implications for genomic stability during aging and tumorigenesis.

The GO/Gj to S transition in quiescent BALB/c 3T3 cells stimulated by serum growth factors can be specifically blocked by the administration ofinterferon (IFN) to the system. In the present communication, we studied whether IFN inhibits the early events in the Go/G1 phase that are initiated by the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). The results show that IFN inhibits most of the PDGF-mediated increase of c-myc, ornithine decarboxylase, and j3-actin mRNAs measured 3 hr after stimulation. c-fos mRNA levels are reduced by IFN as early as 20 min after exposure of the quiescent cells to PDGF. The expression of several genes that belong to the competence gene family is, therefore, inhibited by IFN and this could account for the failure of the IFN-treated cells to enter into the S phase when growth factors present in the platelet-poor plasma are added. We also report that the PDGF-mediated increase in the uptake of deoxyglucose is not impaired by IFN, thus suggesting that the early effects of IFN on gene expression do not result from inhibition of binding of PDGF to its cell-surface receptors. Unlike the direct stimulatory effect ofPDGF, which is not sensitive to cycloheximide, the inhibitory effect of IFN on c-myc mRNA levels depends in part on protein synthesis. We propose that a putative product of one of the IFN-induced genes could mediate the decrease in expression of the PDGF-regulated gene family.

Splanchnic and systemic arteriolar vasodilationplays an important role in ascites formation incirrhosis. Octreotide produces splanchnicvasoconstriction, but the effects on systemichemodynamics and renal function are controversial. This studyevaluated the effect of subcutaneous octreotideadministration on systemic hemodynamics, endogenousvasoactive systems, and renal function in cirrhoticpatients with ascites. Twenty patients were included: 10received octreotide 250 μg/12 hr subcutaneously (forfive days), and 10 did not. No statistically significantchanges were found in mean arterial pressure and cardiac rate. Octreotide induced astatistically significant decrease in plasma reninactivity (P < 0.01), plasma aldosterone (P = 0.01)and plasma glucagon (P < 0.05). No significantvariations were observed in other systemic vasoactivesubstances (nitric oxide and prostacyclin). Renalfunction was not modified in either group. Inconclusion, in cirrhotic patients with ascites,subcutaneous octreotide administration decreases plasma glucagon, reninactivity, and aldosterone without changing in systemichemodynamics or renal function.

Splanchnic and systemic arteriolar vasodilationplays an important role in ascites formation incirrhosis. Octreotide produces splanchnicvasoconstriction, but the effects on systemichemodynamics and renal function are controversial. This studyevaluated the effect of subcutaneous octreotideadministration on systemic hemodynamics, endogenousvasoactive systems, and renal function in cirrhoticpatients with ascites. Twenty patients were included: 10received octreotide 250 μg/12 hr subcutaneously (forfive days), and 10 did not. No statistically significantchanges were found in mean arterial pressure and cardiac rate. Octreotide induced astatistically significant decrease in plasma reninactivity (P < 0.01), plasma aldosterone (P = 0.01)and plasma glucagon (P < 0.05). No significantvariations were observed in other systemic vasoactivesubstances (nitric oxide and prostacyclin). Renalfunction was not modified in either group. Inconclusion, in cirrhotic patients with ascites,subcutaneous octreotide administration decreases plasma glucagon, reninactivity, and aldosterone without changing in systemichemodynamics or renal function.

Osservatorio Innovazione Sifo web www.osservatorioinnovazione.org mail [email protected] SCHEDA PRODOTTO con valutazione economica semplificata I dati originali riportati nella scheda sono proprietà del Laboratorio SIFO di Farmacoeconomia, Firenze Il prodotto innovativo preso in esame determina un beneficio clinico incrementale; la VES viene perciò impostata come analisi del rapporto tra costo incrementale ed efficacia incrementale (CEA). Data di aggiornamento della scheda: 30/12/2008 Nome commerciale del prodotto: Zevalin® radiomarcato con [ 90 Y (Ytracis®)] Descrizione del prodotto: [ 90 Y]-ibritumomab tiuxetano Indicazione terapeutica:

mediators with the capacity to recruit marrow-derived stromal cells. To test this, primary murine tracheal epithelial cells (MTEC) were cultured on a supported semi-permeable membrane (Transwell) under air-liquid interface conditions. When cells developed tight junctions, stromal marrow cells derived from adult transgenic GFPexpressing mice, cultured on glass cover slips, were placed in the lower Transwell chamber. After 1 week, a small number of stromal cells were observed to have migrated to the permeable membrane. The number of migrating cells substantially increased after MTEC were stimulated with endotoxin (25 µg/well, 1 hr). Media from naïve and endotoxin-stimulated MTEC and from the stromal marrow cells were assayed for multiple chemokines. Stromal-derived factor (SDF-1), a chemokine implicated in stem cell mobilization was produced in higher amounts by stromal cells than by MTEC (908 vs 100 pg/ml), suggesting that SDF-1 release by epithelial cells may not drive stromal cell migration in the lung. In contrast, IL-17 was released in higher amounts by both naïve and endotoxin-stimulated MTEC than by stromal cells. Adding neutralizing anti IL-17 antibody (1 µg/ml) to the culture media blocked migration of stromal cells to the transwell membrane. These data provide a functional model for assay of airway epithelial cell-marrow derived stromal cell interactions that are important for repair in lung injury and implicate a critical role of IL-17 in migration of adult marrow-derived stromal cells to lung epithelium.