Estudiante

The Cephalocarid, Sandersiella chilenica sp. nov. from Coliumo Bay, Central Chile ( 36o 32' S lat.; 72o56' W long) is described. The new species was collected at only one bottom station (station 4) in a grid of 11 stations sampled monthly during 1982-83, with predominating fractions of fine sand, silt and clay. Four other species of the genus are so far known (Sandersiella acuminata Shiino 1965, and S.kikuchii Shimomura & Akiyama, 2008, from Japan, S. calmani Hessler & Sanders 1973 from off Perú, and S. bathyalis Hessler & Sanders 1973, from Walvis Ridge, and off Namibia, SE Atlantic, and off Santos, Brazil). S. chilenica sp. nov, is differentiated from each of these by its comparatively greater maximal length, its shorter and proportionally thicker caudal rami, and the orbicular form of the second podomere of the exopod in thoracopod 6. A SEM study of the external morphology has allowed us to propose the differentiation of setae and other external cuticular body structures ...

SEM study of Sandersiella chilenica sp.nov. (Cephalocarida), with a review of the Integumentary Structures and Functional Adaptations in the Group Estudio con microscopia de barrido de Sandersiella chilenica n. sp. (Cephalocarida), con una revisión de las Estructuras del Integumento y Adaptaciones Funcionales en el Grupo

About 150 species belonging to 14 families are mentioned in the scattered literature dealing with the land molluscs of Chile. However, the records of the Streptaxidae and Haplotrematidae are dubious and all those for the Limacidae, Zonitidae and Helicidae correspond to introduced species. The remaining 9 families are represented by endemic genera and subgenera present either in the oceanic islands

The effect of stirring energy upon the characteristics of dynamic emulsion inversion is discussed on an experimental formulation-composition map for emulsions containing an anionic surfactant. It is shown that a vigorous agitation promotes the early inversion of high internal phase ratio emulsions. The hysteresis zone narrows and moves to an intermediate position within the ambivalent region that is attained for lower stirring speeds. A simple explanation based on the catastrophic inversion model is proposed to interpret these features. : S 0 9 2 7 -7 7 5 7 ( 0 0 ) 0 0 5 9 6 -3

This paper encompasses classic trends as well as recent advances in the understanding of emulsion inversion phenomena. The generalized formulation issue is first discussed from hydrophilic-lipophilic balance to the most recent concepts. The so-called standard inversion line on the formulation-composition map exhibits several branches, referred to as transitional and catastrophic inversions, that bound normal and abnormal emulsion regions. Dynamic inversion is also discussed with its hysteresis zones, where both types of emulsions may be attained, depending upon the system's previous history of the formulation-composition map. Recent findings are reported concerning the effect of variables with practical relevance (i.e., stirring energy, viscosity of phases, surfactant concentration, and partitioning) on the standard and dynamic inversion patterns. State-of-the-art emulsion inversion modeling is briefly discussed.

Differences in the uptake and time to initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the virological response to HAART, and survival from AIDS by transmission category were analyzed. A multicenter hospital-based cohort of HIV-infected patients attending 10 hospitals in Spain from January 1997 to December 2003 was used. Cross-checks with the National AIDS Registry were performed. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the impact of transmission category on time to HAART initiation, viral suppression (defined by first HIV-1 RNA viral load measurement Ͻ500 copies/ml after HAART), and survival from AIDS. Of 4643 patients, 73% were men and 56% were injecting drug users (IDUs). A statistically significant interaction was found between transmission category and previous non-HAART antiretroviral treatment (ART) (p Ͻ 0.05). Among ART naive patients, IDUs had a 33% lower risk of initiating HAART compared to men who have sex with men (MSM) [HR 0.67 (95% CI 0.57-0.79)]. No differences by transmission categories were seen among patients with prior non-HAART ART. IDUs had poorer viral load (VL) suppression than MSM [HR 0.86 (95% CI 0.74-0.99)] adjusting by baseline VL, AIDS diagnosis, and prior ART. Mortality from AIDS was two and a half times higher in IDUs than MSM [HR 2.51 (95% CI 1.03-6.1)]. Among patients who access the hospital network, IDUs have a lower uptake of HAART, have worse virological suppression, and have higher mortality after AIDS diagnosis. There is a need to extend the programs in order to enhance access and adherence of IDUs to HAART and consider the treatment of drug addiction as an integral part of the treatment for HIV infection. 715

Background-Noninvasive assessment of coronary atherosclerotic plaque and significant stenosis by coronary multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) may improve early and accurate triage of patients presenting with acute chest pain to the emergency department. Methods and Results-We conducted a blinded, prospective study in patients presenting with acute chest pain to the emergency department between May and July 2005 who were admitted to the hospital to rule out acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with no ischemic ECG changes and negative initial biomarkers. Contrast-enhanced 64-slice MDCT coronary angiography was performed immediately before admission, and data sets were evaluated for the presence of coronary atherosclerotic plaque and significant coronary artery stenosis. All providers were blinded to MDCT results. An expert panel, blinded to the MDCT data, determined the presence or absence of ACS on the basis of all data accrued during the index hospitalization and 5-month follow-up. Among 103 consecutive patients (40% female; mean age, 54Ϯ12 years), 14 patients had ACS. Both the absence of significant coronary artery stenosis (73 of 103 patients) and nonsignificant coronary atherosclerotic plaque (41 of 103 patients) accurately predicted the absence of ACS (negative predictive values, 100%). Multivariate logistic regression analyses demonstrated that adding the extent of plaque significantly improved the initial models containing only traditional risk factors or clinical estimates of the probability of ACS (c statistic, 0.73 to 0.89 and 0.61 to 0.86, respectively). Conclusions-Noninvasive assessment of coronary artery disease by MDCT has good performance characteristics for ruling out ACS in subjects presenting with possible myocardial ischemia to the emergency department and may be useful for improving early triage.

The Burst Observer and Optical Transient Exploring System (BOOTES) is considered as a part of the preparations for the ESA's satellite INTEGRAL, and is currently being developed in Spain, in collaboration with two Czech institutions. It makes use of two sets of wide-field cameras 240 kms apart, and two robotic 0.3-m telescopes. The first observing station (BOOTES-1) is located in Huelva (Spain) and the first light was obtained in July 1998. During the test phase, it has provided rapid follow-up observations for 5 GRBs detected by the BATSE aboard the CGRO. The system will fully operate in late 1999.

Biological activities determine quality, sustainability, health, and fertility of soils. The purpose of this study was to evaluate chemical and biological characteristics of soils from Ecuadorian highlands subjected to different management practices, as well as the density and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Soils from naturalized grasslands and other previously cropped plots with Zea mays and Solanum tuberosum were analyzed in laboratory for soil biochemical properties, enzyme activity, and AMF colonization to determine the effect of the soil management over its quality. The characterization of AMF propagules associated to spontaneously colonizing plants in the above soils was also performed. Soil previously cropped with S. tuberosum showed the highest glomalin content; at the same time, naturalized grassland and Z. mays cropped soils showed higher hyphal length. The acid phosphatase activity was higher in naturalized grasslands and Z. mays cropped soils compared with that in the S. tuberosum cropped soils. Moreover, the highest AMF colonization rates and spore number were found in different spontaneous plant species growing in the naturalized grasslands. This study represents the first characterization of AMF propagules of different cropped and naturalized grassland soils, and also is one of the first reports about changes on biochemical and microbial activities occurring in Andean soils from the highlands of Ecuador, undergoing determinant soil management activities.

The cropVitis vinifera(L.) is of great economic importance as Chile is one of the main wine-producing countries, reaching a vineyard area of 145,000 ha. This vine crop is usually very sensitive to local condition changes and agronomic practices; therefore, strategies to counteract the expected future decrease in water level for agricultural irrigation, temperature increase, extreme water stress (abiotic stress), as well as increase in pathogenic diseases (biotic stress) related to climate change will be of vital importance for this crop. Studies carried out in recent years have suggested that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can provide key ecosystem services to host plants, such as water uptake implementation and enhanced absorption of nutrients such as P and N, which are key factors for improving the nutritional status of the vine. AMF use in viticulture will contribute also to sustainable agronomic management and bioprotection against pathogens. Here we will present (1) the cur...

El presente trabajo se propone navegar en las posibilidades que otorgan las ideas sobre el Ser y el Tiempo desarrolladas por Martin Heidegger, como punto de partida para una reflexión ontológica sobre la ocupación, coherente con el ejercicio de la Terapia Ocu- pacional. Con este propósito, se revisan y contrastan conceptos centrales de la propuesta del autor alemán con el proyecto amplia- mente aceptado por la comunidad de Terapeutas Ocupacionales, la naturaleza ocupacional del ser humano de Ann Wilcock. La discusión, además de centrarse en la invitación a los y las terapeutas ocupacionales a profundizar en este tema, se encuentra con una evidente sincronía entre el dasein hedeggeriano y la ocupación, aspectos que resuenan en la noción de becoming de Wilcock.

El presente artículo es un ensayo desarrollado por cuatro terapeutas ocupacionales que en la actualidad desempeñan sus labores en dos universidades chilenas.Durante una mesa redonda realizada en el III Encuentro de Estudiantes de Terapia Ocupacional en Chile en el año 2014, y desde sus propios desarrollos teóricos, se reúnen para asumir el desafío de explicar por qué es tan difícil definir qué es la Terapia Ocupacional.Así, la discusión comienza con las propuestas realizadas por las mujeres pragmatistas, de principios del siglo XX, y los aportes para comprender los procesos de salud y enfermedad desde una perspectiva holística en contraposición a la visión dicotómica y reduccionista instalada por la ciencia neopositivista.Se prosigue con la propuesta ontológica de Heidegger sobre el “Ser y Tiempo” para la explicación de la ocupación y la Terapia Ocupacional, asumiendo un vacío ontológico en la historia de la profesión. Posteriormente se presentan los aportes que...

El presente articulo es un ensayo desarrollado por cuatro terapeutas ocupacionales que en la actualidad desempenan sus labores en dos universidades chilenas. Durante una mesa redonda realizada en el III Encuentro de Estudiantes de Terapia Ocupacional en Chile en el ano 2014, y desde sus propios desarrollos teoricos, se reunen para asumir el desafio de explicar por que es tan dificil definir que es la Terapia Ocupacional. Asi, la discusion comienza con las propuestas realizadas por las mujeres pragmatistas, de principios del siglo XX, y los aportes para comprender los procesos de salud y enfermedad desde una perspectiva holistica en contraposicion a la vision dicotomica y reduccionista instalada por la ciencia neopositivista. Se prosigue con la propuesta ontologica de Heidegger sobre el “Ser y Tiempo” para la explicacion de la ocupacion y la Terapia Ocupacional, asumiendo un vacio ontologico en la historia de la profesion. Posteriormente se presentan los aportes que, desde la Teoria ...