School of International Study

Our recent research on designing microstructured fiber with novel dispersion properties is reported in this paper. Two kinds of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) are introduced first. One is the highly nonlinear PCF with broadband nearly zero flatten dispersion. With introducing the germanium-doped (Ge-doped) core into highly nonlinear PCF and optimizing the diameters of the first two inner rings of air holes, a new structure of highly nonlinear PCF was designed with the nonlinear coefficient up to 47W−1·km−1 at the wavelength 1.55 μm and nearly zero flattened dispersion of ±0.5 ps/(km·m) in telecommunication window (1460–1625 nm). Another is the highly negative PCF with a ring of fluorin-doped (F-doped) rods to form its outer ring core while pure silica rods to form its inner core. The peak dispersion −1064 ps/(km·nm) in 8 nm full width at half maximum (FWHM) wavelength range and −365 ps/(km·m) in 20 nm (FWHM) wavelength range can be reached by adjusting the structure parameters. Then, our recent research on the fabrication of PCFs is reported. Effects of draw parameters such as drawing temperature, feed speed, and furnace temperature on the geometry of the final photonic crystal fiber are investigated.

The production mechanism of non-return-to-zero (NRZ), return-to-zero (RZ) and carrier suppressed return-to-zero (CSRZ) was analyzed theoretically in this paper. We compared the transmission performance of CSRZ with RZ and NRZ formats at 10 Gb/s system by numerical simulation. And we simulated the transmission model constructed with Erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) as the solo amplifier and the chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG) as the solo dispersion compensator used in the system. A practical 8 × 10 Gb/s 2 560 km transmitted experiment was conducted in straight line with these different modulation formats mentioned above and the experiment results show very good agreement with the result of computer simulation. The CSRZ format is more effective than other formats in the system, and involved only 2.5 dB power penalty cost in the practical 2 560 km error-free experiment. The results also show that CSRZ will help to optimize the transmitted results and reduce the transmitted penalty further.

The cross-phase modulation (XPM) effect in fiber links with dispersion compensated by chirped fiber Bragg gratings (CFBGs) is analyzed here for the first time. A continuous-wave (CW) signal, referred to as a probe, is used to investigate the impact of XPM on communication systems. The result shows that the XPM in systems using CFBGs as dispersion compensators is greatly suppressed, compared with that of systems using dispersion compensated fiber (DCF). The difference of the dispersion management between the system using DCF and that using CFBGs is demonstrated, too.

Comparative experiments have been firstly carried out in order to study the similarities and differences between the effects of uniform ultraviolet (UV) pre-exposure and post-exposure on fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) written on hydrogen-loaded fiber. An examination of the photosensitivity mechanism of such a fiber provides a good explanation of the experiments. Some useful conclusions are obtained. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 46: 350–353, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20984

Nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) and carrier-suppressed return-to-zero (CSRZ) modulation formats transmitted in long-haul optical-transmission systems with different dispersion-compensation methods are numerical evaluated. We also carry out an 8 × 10 Gb/s CSRZ-based transmission experiment over 2560-km standard-fiber straight lines with dispersion compensation by chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG) successfully. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 344–347, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21345

Forward-chammg rule systems must test each newly asserted fact agamst a collection of predlcates to find those rules that match the fact Expert system rule engines use a simple combmatlon of hashmg and sequential search for this matching We introduce an algorithm for findmg the matching predicates that IS more efficient than the standard algorithm when the number of predlcates 1s large We focus on equahty and mequahty predicates on totally ordered domams This algorithm 1s well-suited for database rule systems, where predicate-testing speed 1s crltlcal A key component of the algorithm 1s the rnterval bznary search tree (IBS-tree)

由於長期的內戰與對柬國際學術研究的偏斜，使得當前的國際柬埔寨研究中缺乏一個政治、經濟體制轉型的整合性研究。以此為出發點，本研究主要透過歷史結構研究方法的使用，嘗試從政經體制變遷的過程中，去檢視當代柬埔寨經濟結構發展的形成過程，特別是對其產業結構的影響結果。
   
    經由對七個柬埔寨不同時期的政經體制變遷過程的研究，釐清不同的政治環境、經濟體制發展，與其產業結構環境發展間的交互關係，經由此一實證研究結果，再與相關的發展理論、轉型經濟體理論、產業結構轉換理論相互驗證，以俾提供相關發展理論的運用範圍。

    結論中歸納出，柬埔寨之所以長期停留在低度發展國家的產業經濟結構，而無法進入工業化或邁向發展的原因，追根究底在於其激烈的政治衝突，與其變遷過程所導致的嚴重生產環境破壞、資源消耗與經濟建設中斷，這也是吾人當引以為殷鑑的重要教訓。

  Because of longtime civil war, in reality, and too much emphases on international Cambodia study, in research, there was not paid much attention on the research of the regime changes, with an integrating views of politics and economics.  Based upon this reason, this thesis adopts the historical-structure approach to examine entire development of Cambodia’s economic structure with both political and economic system transitions, and in turn, to analyze how they affect the later development of Cambodia’s industrial structure.

    Through discussing the six periods of regime transition on Cambodia’s polity and economy, this thesis also deals with the interaction among political regime, economic system, and industrial environment.  Also, in theory, the experience of Cambodia’s development transition is used to compare and examine with several development theories. Most important, the research result not only represents the clear-cut lineament of Cambodia’s state development experience in past decades, but also offers a theory-based conclusion.

    In conclusion, the major factor for Cambodia still staying in the situation of less development without proper industrialization is its drastical political change. Both political clashes and military conflicts have raised seriously damage and blight on economic infrastructure and production resource.  These obstacles have caught Cambodia in the vicious cycle of industrial development.  This lesson shall be remembered.

In Singapore, intellectuals, especially those in media and education, are considered as the driving force of formatting public opinion over the social imagination of China and
Chineseness. This article, largely based on oral histories of some Singaporean scholars and media professionals and memoirs of related figures, analyzes the choice and
acquisition of their knowledge on China. Through the analysis and comparison of their construction of knowledge on China, this article also discusses the accuracy of their understanding of China and how such understandings were formed along with
their personal experiences from domestic socialization, education, and professional accumulation. The authors consequently map out the process of how public intellectuals
from mass media and academia transform their knowledge imagination of China into the professional opinions that help to reconstruct and shift Singaporean’s impression and understandings of China.

The formation and measurement of ethnic identity has always been at the center of debate, due to its intellectual complexity and methodological diversity. Lacking clear-cut cultural boundaries and quantifiable measurement, defining the internal qualities of “Chineseness” is ambiguous, especially with regard to cross-generational, transnational and multicultural identities. This project provides a substantive approach to understanding the formation and operating reality of Chinese ethnic identities. It considers membership systems, network structures, and daily practices of social organization within ethnic Chinese communities in Cambodia. Through three stages of ethnological field survey, from institutional and organizational to personal levels, this project seeks to fill the gap in our understanding of how the ethnic Chinese community developed in Cambodia. It also serves as a new methodological exploration to the study of Chinese ethnic identity and the ethnological significance of daily social engagement as a pragmatic means to practicing Chineseness and ethnic networking.
This dissertation presents the ethno-historical legacy of the community structure and the current sub-ethnic diversity of the Chinese community in Cambodia. It then explores the ethnic organizational structures and members’ daily social engagements inside three major sub-ethnic groups: Sino-Khmer, Mainland Chinese, and Taiwanese. These ethnological observations will be used to explain the inner cultural heterogeneity and organizational segregation of sub-ethnic group networks beyond Cambodia’s domestic boundary. The dissertation argues that the multi-framed nature of Chineseness is cultivated through members’ daily social interactions with one another. Consciously or unconsciously, the diverse social interactions between members from various Chinese sub-ethnic groups are adapted and fostered during the membership arbitration process. This two-way recognition can be seen as a socialization process of performative Chineseness for members in different social statuses to “fit in, adapt, adjust, assimilate, reject, or resist” within the system and the community. This process occurs when an individual tries to earn the acceptance of traditional ethnic organizations, or elder organizational leaders try to recruit and attract new members. The diversified organizational structures and segregated transnational networks of each sub-Chinese group in Cambodia provides a unique case for understanding different types of Chineseness as an alternative to the Western-centric conceptualizations of unified cultural identity.