Hospitality Business School

We have determined the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation in potato-tuber mltochondrla using two respiratory substrates: succinate or NADH. Since plant mitochondria contain a NADH dehydrogenase that faces the lntermembrane space but which does not translocate protons, the value for the P~ 0 is theoretically the same for succinate and NADH despite the difference in redox potential. We found that in practice the P / O is slightly lower for NADH. Furthermore, the overall efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation is lower with NADH than with succinate. The value for the coupling coefficient is approx, the same for both substrates, namely 0.960 for succmate and 0.956 for NADH. The values for the phenomenologlcal Stolchlometry were 1.90 and 1.83 for succinate and NADH, respectively. With both substrates, the low value for the phenomenologlcal stolchiometry ln&cates that in potato-tuber m~tochondria a shp occurs m the proton-pumps of the electron-transport chain. Only part of the free energy available from substrate oxidation is used, effectively: this amounts to 92 kJ/mol (60%) and 94 kJ/mol (45%) when succinate or NADH are used as substrate, respectively.

With this article, we aim to contribute to a growing academic and public debate on claims about 'taking a gap year' as (an act of) moral tourism, a means of self-development and ultimately resulting in global citizenship. More specifically, we examined how the gap year discourse is exhibited, influenced and shaped through the representation, promotion and construction of gap year packages and activities on websites operated by providers in the Netherlands. Informed by Bourdieu's model of capital accumulation, we conducted a content analysis of websites operated by providers of gap year packages and activities in the Netherlands. Findings show that narratives about gap years primarily focus on positive and personal (future) benefits of accumulating skills and self-development to potential gappers, and in some cases to their parents. The gap year is represented as a commercial product that allows one to explore the world and the Self. The findings also showed that although Dutch providers promote the gap year product as ethical, emphasis is placed primarily on the 'ethical' benefits for the gapper himself or herself. The article concludes with a critical reflection on how representations of reciprocal altruism by providers

To extend agricultural productivity by knowledge-based breeding and tailoring varieties to adapt to specific environmental conditions, it is imperative to improve our ability to acquire the dynamic changes of the crop's phenotype under field conditions. Canopy leaf biomass (CLB) per ground area is one of the key crop phenotypic parameters in plant breeding. The most promising technique for effectively monitoring CLB is the hyperspectral vegetation index (VI). However, VI-based empirical models are limited by their poor stability and extrapolation difficulties when used to assess complex dynamic environments with different varieties, growth stages, and sites. It has been proven difficult to calibrate and validate some VI-based models. To address this problem, eight field experiments using eight wheat varieties were conducted during the period of 2003-2011 at four sites, and continuous wavelet transform (CWT) was applied to estimate CLB from large number of field experimental data...

Drawing on the theme of gender equality in tourism, this book aims to identify the main obstacles to women's advancement in the tourism industry, and to discover and share successful strategies to overcome them, drawing on case studies from all over the world. Interlaced between the 12 chapters of the book are stories from women who work in tourism. The chapters and stories that make up this book explore women's stories of empowerment beyond the neoliberal conceptualizations of economic improvement, to highlight the structural inequalities that prevent true gender equality. The collection points to the slow and small changes that women are making and how women are using the transformations tourism brings to their advantage. The book has a subject index.

and beyond, probably encountered a different, grimmer host community than we had envisioned beforehand. Although for many the sun was shining bright(er), the scenery was stunning and the food delicious, there were also signs of a changing attitude, and in some cases visible resistance, towards tourists. Pieces of anti-tourist graffiti that read "Tourists you are the terrorist", "All tourists are bastards" and even "Why call it the tourist season if we can't shoot them?" now (literally) troubled our view at many popular touristic sites. In some cases, for example Barcelona, resentment was even fiercer, resulting in large protests, tyre-slashing and windowsmashing. These actions went beyond merely raising awareness for aggressive and underdressed tourists drinking all day and yelling all night, but were local responses against the economics and morality of all types of mass tourism, which-according to many-impoverishes the poorest in society and everyone's standards of living. While the industry has long upheld its vital contribution to the livelihood of local people, resistance towards tourism development in these touristic hot spots seems to grow every year. Although local governments are trying to cope with this so-called form of 'over-tourism' through scapegoats like tourism restrictions, taxes and other measures, it deflects attention away from the challenges of global tourism development. Restricting the number of tourists or tourism-related activities will do little to solve deep-rooted problems like inequality, exclusion and exploitation. Conversely, we should not forget that at the same time that many protests against yet another season of tourist hordes, in many parts of the world the tourism and hospitality industry are still vital to alleviate distressed economic conditions for many by providing access to critical income and opportunities for prosperity.

Nowadays, the increasing number of campuses is growing, which makes want to get a better promotion strategy. As for how to find the right promotion strategy will be able to reduce the cost of promotion and achieve the right promotional goals. One way that can be done for the determination of a promotion strategy is to use data mining techniques. The technique used in this case is FP-Growth Algorithm is an alternative algorithm that can be used to determine the most frequent itemset in a data set. Research is done by observing some research variables that are often considered by Universities, espescially the marketing section in promotion strategy. The result of this research is a suitable promotion strategy to be applied at Victory University Sorong namely advertising, personal selling and publicity. And the most influential is advertising, this can be seen from the amount of the advertising value of 35 transaction from the total sample number of 43 transaction with a significant level 81.40% of the other dimensions, personal selling 6 transactions, the effect is 13.95% a publicity as much as 2 transaction or 4.65% of the other dimensions.

With this article, we aim to contribute to a growing academic and public debate on claims about 'taking a gap year' as (an act of) moral tourism, a means of self-development and ultimately resulting in global citizenship. More specifically, we examined how the gap year discourse is exhibited, influenced and shaped through the representation, promotion and construction of gap year packages and activities on websites operated by providers in the Netherlands. Informed by Bourdieu's model of capital accumulation, we conducted a content analysis of websites operated by providers of gap year packages and activities in the Netherlands. Findings show that narratives about gap years primarily focus on positive and personal (future) benefits of accumulating skills and self-development to potential gappers, and in some cases to their parents. The gap year is represented as a commercial product that allows one to explore the world and the Self. The findings also showed that although Dutch providers promote the gap year product as ethical, emphasis is placed primarily on the 'ethical' benefits for the gapper himself or herself. The article concludes with a critical reflection on how representations of reciprocal altruism by providers