The monograph "Urban Visuality, Mobility, Information and Technology of Images" focuses... more The monograph "Urban Visuality, Mobility, Information and Technology of Images" focuses on contemporary problems of the architectural and urbanist environment from the point of view of social environmental psychology and theory. Authors of the subsequent chapter come from various countries (Poland, Czech Republic, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy and Kenya) and together they present multiple evidences for the need of transcultural visual literacy in symbolic interactions in the urban sphere. The multidimensional presentation of urban visual and technological environment found in the book is certainly a valuable scientific publication within social and cultural sciences, inspiring the readers sensibility for the quality of visual solutions in architectural spaces for deep research in contemporary urban visual culture.
American Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 2014
Water is a very important natural resource that no creation can exist without it. Hence it has be... more Water is a very important natural resource that no creation can exist without it. Hence it has become a responsibility of every person to try and conserve this very precious resource. One of the ways of conservation is by building earth dams. However if they are not well managed these dams may end up drying up due to underground seepage leading to failure of the dam. In this paper we are concerned with how to calculate the discharge rate through a porous medium, the velocity of the discharge and finally the total discharge using Darcy's law. This study will also describe a computer based model that accepts input and calculate the amount of discharge per given time. From Darcy's law it is shown that, the discharge rate depends among other factors the porosity of the medium. So from the study we were able to determine which medium is able to hold water rather than supporting percolation.
This article examines how cultural beliefs and patriarchal practices during the early period of t... more This article examines how cultural beliefs and patriarchal practices during the early period of the spread of Christianity promoted intimate partner violence (IPV) against women in the church. The article begins by exploring some cultural and patriarchal beliefs that were practised by the Jews and Giriama people during the pre-evangelistic period that promoted IPV against women through religious and cultural practices to see violence as normal, thus choosing to persevere in violent relationships. New strategies for preventing IPV against women have been discussed. In this descriptive research, data were collected from 52 informants using questionnaires and in-depth interviews. The study interviewed 30 women facing IPV individually. Abused women provided information in focus group discussions. Ten pastors were sampled in order to gather data on how cultural and patriarchal practices with the support of biased biblical interpretation of texts, promoted IPV against Christian women. Twelve questionnaires were administered to six gender officers, three probation officers and three social workers, and the findings were used to supplement data collected from the key informants. This study established that some Bible texts are interpreted and used by wife abusers and pastors offering counselling to the IPV victims to promote and justify IPV. It, therefore, recommended that the church should organise to re-read and re-learn these Bible texts with a view to interpreting them without being biased against women. The church should also reexamine all patriarchal passages in the Bible with a view to facilitating Open Rubric Muthangya et al 2 contextual and reasoned scrutiny of the male-controlled beliefs and practices that promote IPV against women. The article established that cultural beliefs and patriarchal practices promote IPV against women. Some pastors and wife abusers interpret some Bible verses to justify spousal abuse; however, if the problem of IPV is to be prevented, the church, the government, and other stakeholders involved in a war against IPV on women must embrace new strategies that are free from cultural and patriarchal beliefs and practices.
Jumuga Journal of Education, Oral Studies, and Human Sciences (JJEOSHS)
The research article is based on a broader research project that set out to investigate the influ... more The research article is based on a broader research project that set out to investigate the influence of Christian teachings and biblical texts on Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) among the Christian Women of Kilifi County of Kenya. Its specific focus is on how faith became a key coping strategy for women swimming in the troubled waters of IPV. Methodologically, it relied on oral interviews that were conducted among 30 women, 10 pastors, and 12 community leaders in Kilifi County. Overall, the research article argues that faith, in the larger realm of religion, is not only used to normalize IPV, but also utilized as a coping tool by victims. This further fuels a vice that is rooted in Judeo-African patriarchal ideals. Yet it has also established that some women adopted alternative strategies, outside the religious realm, so as to cope with the harsh reality surrounding them. The latter lost faith in religious approaches, and eventually adopted non-religious strategies in their endeavo...
that promote IPV against women. The article established that cultural beliefs and patriarchal pra... more that promote IPV against women. The article established that cultural beliefs and patriarchal practices promote IPV against women. Some pastors and wife abusers interpret some Bible verses to justify spousal abuse; however, if the problem of IPV is to be prevented, the church, the government, and other stakeholders involved in a war against IPV on women must embrace new strategies that are free from cultural and patriarchal beliefs and practices.
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 2022
There is vast literature on African spirituality under African traditional religion, but not much... more There is vast literature on African spirituality under African traditional religion, but not much on African spirituality as a concept within the context of Kenya, whereas in the area of food sovereignty, most of the literature is on global food sovereignty and not much on food sovereignty in Kenya. On the other hand, there are studies done on food security in Kenya but with little mention of its relationship with food sovereignty. The spirituality practiced by small holder farmers is not outside of their culture which in turn governs its application to the community's food systems and their practices towards their own food sovereignty. A smallholders farmers spirituality is also not separate from their ethnic identity and how their ethnic identity influences their farming practices which are able to sustain the community. Both women and men are integral in the embodiment and practice of African spirituality in the continent, as well as in Kenya. Together, they make up the smallholder system and play an important role in developing their families and consequently their community by involving themselves in socioeconomic activities alongside the spiritual ones in a quest for liberation from hunger and oppression. This paper highlights some of the studies that have been done in Africa in these aspects and tries to fit it in the smallholder farm household along the staple food crop value chain in western Kenya.
The authors aim to answer the research question: 'What do you miss most about online educatio... more The authors aim to answer the research question: 'What do you miss most about online education?'. The rationale for the research is that this form of education is likely to continue to be used. Referring to the quality strategy, the authors concentrate on the meaning of words used in responses to the above-mentioned open question, which was part of the research on the 'Socio-technological aspects of academic education during the pandemic – from an international perspective'. The tool used was an electronic questionnaire, which was completed by 796 respondents from Poland, including 678 students and 118 academic teachers, as well as 41 students from Kenya. The questionnaire consisted of 31 closed and 6 open questions. The responses of Polish students and academic teachers, as well as Kenyan students, indicate the following categories: 'contact', 'organisation' and 'technical dimension'. It forms an image of a specifically understood craft, work...
The monograph "Urban Visuality, Mobility, Information and Technology of Images" focuses... more The monograph "Urban Visuality, Mobility, Information and Technology of Images" focuses on contemporary problems of the architectural and urbanist environment from the point of view of social environmental psychology and theory. Authors of the subsequent chapter come from various countries (Poland, Czech Republic, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy and Kenya) and together they present multiple evidences for the need of transcultural visual literacy in symbolic interactions in the urban sphere. The multidimensional presentation of urban visual and technological environment found in the book is certainly a valuable scientific publication within social and cultural sciences, inspiring the readers sensibility for the quality of visual solutions in architectural spaces for deep research in contemporary urban visual culture.
This article is set out to explicate the changing understanding of the Eucharist among the Kikuyu... more This article is set out to explicate the changing understanding of the Eucharist among the Kikuyu communicants in the diocese of Thika since its introduction by the Anglican missionaries. The concept of Athomi, literally rendered as “leaners”, ascribed communicants the attributes of continuing Christian learners full of spiritual expectation in the holy communion sacrament. These days however, that “unique thing” is absent as the service is invaded by “the wrong people” with “mud”. The article is informed by qualitative data collected among the members and clerics of Thika Diocese in the Anglican Church of Kenya (ACK). It argues that the changing perception of the Eucharist by communicants of Thika diocese is largely influenced by Kikuyu’s incarnation of the meal elements, the manner in which the meal is administered, the preparation of the communicants and the teachings on the subject by clerics. Informed by the incarnation theory, the article further argues that there is a need fo...
Imagine a male celibate priest trying to talk about sex and AIDS to a church congregation whose m... more Imagine a male celibate priest trying to talk about sex and AIDS to a church congregation whose majority is women! It is naturally embarrassing and challenging. This is the situation that most Catholic lay, religious, and the hierarchy had to deal with in South Africa during the 1990s.The article is an attempt to use archival and oral history materials collected between 2007 and 2010 to analyse how the Catholic Church spoke about HIV and AIDS and how that discourse influenced South African society during the 1990s. Here I argue that although the church's statements on AIDS, condoms, sex and sexuality during this period were openly defensive, often ambivalent, and characteristically passive, it was what the church said and how it said it that created controversies, more than anything else. "Vetel my waar ek 'n kondoom kan kry!" Katolieke VIGS diskoerse in Suid-Afrika tydens die 1990s Verbeel jou dat 'n selibate priester probeer praat oor seks en VIGS en die gehoor is 'n gemeente waarvan die lede grootliks vroue is! Dit is uiteraard uitdagend en vernederend. Dit is die situasie wat die meeste Katolieke leke, gelowiges en die hierargie mee moes omgaan in Suid-Afrika in die 1990s. Hierde artikel poog om argivale en orale bronne, versamel tussen 2007 en 2010, te gebruik om te analiseer hoe die Katolieke Kerk oor HIV en VIGS gepraat het en hoe hierdie diskoerse die Suid-Afrikaanse gemeenskap tydens die tydperk beinvloed het. Ek argumenteer dat hoewel die kerk se uitsprake oor VIGS, kondome, seks en seksualiteit tydens die periode passief, openlik verdedigend en soms teenstrydig was, was dit wat die kerk gese het hoe dit gese is wat meer as enige iets anders wat kontroversies geskep het.
The alliance between faith and health in responding to a looming AIDS crisis in South Africa was ... more The alliance between faith and health in responding to a looming AIDS crisis in South Africa was exemplified in the collaborative work of two Catholic clerics and three nurses. Whereas their work was often eclipsed by the struggle for independence, Archbishop Denis Hurley and Father Ted Rogers envisioned a looming AIDS catastrophe and started warning, training and supporting societies with relevant strategies to minimise its impact as early as 1984. This article analyses their response to the AIDS crisis as witnessed by these nurses and two other contemporary clerics. Archival materials such as the Southern Cross magazine, plenary minutes of the South African Catholic Bishops Conference (SACBC), and correspondence letters shed more light on their difficult operating context.
The book contains the partial effects of the research realized within the project 'Technologi... more The book contains the partial effects of the research realized within the project 'Technologies of Imaging in Communication, Art and Social Sciences' (TICASS). It presents the material gathered and analysed referring to visual messages in urban public spaces in Kenya, on the case study of the Kilifi county, on the coast of the Indian Ocean. These investigations and analyses, based on Paul Martin Lester model of visual communication analysis, are important because all contemporary societies in Europe, Africa and the rest of the world have at stake solving the problems of communication in their urban public spaces saturated with images which may be diversely (accurately, incorrectly, falsely) read by individuals in the city whether by residents, tourists, visitors, or researchers. The urban text has a polyphonic character in its diversity of contents and forms, but also is full of contradictions, and sometimes absurdities, paradoxes, and palimpsest, what requires specific comp...
The alliance between faith and health in responding to a looming AIDS crisis in South Africa was ... more The alliance between faith and health in responding to a looming AIDS crisis in South Africa was exemplified in the collaborative work of two Catholic clerics and three nurses. Whereas their work was often eclipsed by the struggle for independence, Archbishop Denis Hurley and Father Ted Rogers envisioned a looming AIDS catastrophe and started warning, training and supporting societies with relevant strategies to minimise its impact as early as 1984. This article analyses their response to the AIDS crisis as witnessed by these nurses and two other contemporary clerics. Archival materials such as the Southern Cross magazine, plenary minutes of the South African Catholic Bishops Conference (SACBC), and correspondence letters shed more light on their difficult operating context.
The monograph "Urban Visuality, Mobility, Information and Technology of Images" focuses... more The monograph "Urban Visuality, Mobility, Information and Technology of Images" focuses on contemporary problems of the architectural and urbanist environment from the point of view of social environmental psychology and theory. Authors of the subsequent chapter come from various countries (Poland, Czech Republic, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy and Kenya) and together they present multiple evidences for the need of transcultural visual literacy in symbolic interactions in the urban sphere. The multidimensional presentation of urban visual and technological environment found in the book is certainly a valuable scientific publication within social and cultural sciences, inspiring the readers sensibility for the quality of visual solutions in architectural spaces for deep research in contemporary urban visual culture.
American Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 2014
Water is a very important natural resource that no creation can exist without it. Hence it has be... more Water is a very important natural resource that no creation can exist without it. Hence it has become a responsibility of every person to try and conserve this very precious resource. One of the ways of conservation is by building earth dams. However if they are not well managed these dams may end up drying up due to underground seepage leading to failure of the dam. In this paper we are concerned with how to calculate the discharge rate through a porous medium, the velocity of the discharge and finally the total discharge using Darcy's law. This study will also describe a computer based model that accepts input and calculate the amount of discharge per given time. From Darcy's law it is shown that, the discharge rate depends among other factors the porosity of the medium. So from the study we were able to determine which medium is able to hold water rather than supporting percolation.
This article examines how cultural beliefs and patriarchal practices during the early period of t... more This article examines how cultural beliefs and patriarchal practices during the early period of the spread of Christianity promoted intimate partner violence (IPV) against women in the church. The article begins by exploring some cultural and patriarchal beliefs that were practised by the Jews and Giriama people during the pre-evangelistic period that promoted IPV against women through religious and cultural practices to see violence as normal, thus choosing to persevere in violent relationships. New strategies for preventing IPV against women have been discussed. In this descriptive research, data were collected from 52 informants using questionnaires and in-depth interviews. The study interviewed 30 women facing IPV individually. Abused women provided information in focus group discussions. Ten pastors were sampled in order to gather data on how cultural and patriarchal practices with the support of biased biblical interpretation of texts, promoted IPV against Christian women. Twelve questionnaires were administered to six gender officers, three probation officers and three social workers, and the findings were used to supplement data collected from the key informants. This study established that some Bible texts are interpreted and used by wife abusers and pastors offering counselling to the IPV victims to promote and justify IPV. It, therefore, recommended that the church should organise to re-read and re-learn these Bible texts with a view to interpreting them without being biased against women. The church should also reexamine all patriarchal passages in the Bible with a view to facilitating Open Rubric Muthangya et al 2 contextual and reasoned scrutiny of the male-controlled beliefs and practices that promote IPV against women. The article established that cultural beliefs and patriarchal practices promote IPV against women. Some pastors and wife abusers interpret some Bible verses to justify spousal abuse; however, if the problem of IPV is to be prevented, the church, the government, and other stakeholders involved in a war against IPV on women must embrace new strategies that are free from cultural and patriarchal beliefs and practices.
Jumuga Journal of Education, Oral Studies, and Human Sciences (JJEOSHS)
The research article is based on a broader research project that set out to investigate the influ... more The research article is based on a broader research project that set out to investigate the influence of Christian teachings and biblical texts on Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) among the Christian Women of Kilifi County of Kenya. Its specific focus is on how faith became a key coping strategy for women swimming in the troubled waters of IPV. Methodologically, it relied on oral interviews that were conducted among 30 women, 10 pastors, and 12 community leaders in Kilifi County. Overall, the research article argues that faith, in the larger realm of religion, is not only used to normalize IPV, but also utilized as a coping tool by victims. This further fuels a vice that is rooted in Judeo-African patriarchal ideals. Yet it has also established that some women adopted alternative strategies, outside the religious realm, so as to cope with the harsh reality surrounding them. The latter lost faith in religious approaches, and eventually adopted non-religious strategies in their endeavo...
that promote IPV against women. The article established that cultural beliefs and patriarchal pra... more that promote IPV against women. The article established that cultural beliefs and patriarchal practices promote IPV against women. Some pastors and wife abusers interpret some Bible verses to justify spousal abuse; however, if the problem of IPV is to be prevented, the church, the government, and other stakeholders involved in a war against IPV on women must embrace new strategies that are free from cultural and patriarchal beliefs and practices.
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 2022
There is vast literature on African spirituality under African traditional religion, but not much... more There is vast literature on African spirituality under African traditional religion, but not much on African spirituality as a concept within the context of Kenya, whereas in the area of food sovereignty, most of the literature is on global food sovereignty and not much on food sovereignty in Kenya. On the other hand, there are studies done on food security in Kenya but with little mention of its relationship with food sovereignty. The spirituality practiced by small holder farmers is not outside of their culture which in turn governs its application to the community's food systems and their practices towards their own food sovereignty. A smallholders farmers spirituality is also not separate from their ethnic identity and how their ethnic identity influences their farming practices which are able to sustain the community. Both women and men are integral in the embodiment and practice of African spirituality in the continent, as well as in Kenya. Together, they make up the smallholder system and play an important role in developing their families and consequently their community by involving themselves in socioeconomic activities alongside the spiritual ones in a quest for liberation from hunger and oppression. This paper highlights some of the studies that have been done in Africa in these aspects and tries to fit it in the smallholder farm household along the staple food crop value chain in western Kenya.
The authors aim to answer the research question: 'What do you miss most about online educatio... more The authors aim to answer the research question: 'What do you miss most about online education?'. The rationale for the research is that this form of education is likely to continue to be used. Referring to the quality strategy, the authors concentrate on the meaning of words used in responses to the above-mentioned open question, which was part of the research on the 'Socio-technological aspects of academic education during the pandemic – from an international perspective'. The tool used was an electronic questionnaire, which was completed by 796 respondents from Poland, including 678 students and 118 academic teachers, as well as 41 students from Kenya. The questionnaire consisted of 31 closed and 6 open questions. The responses of Polish students and academic teachers, as well as Kenyan students, indicate the following categories: 'contact', 'organisation' and 'technical dimension'. It forms an image of a specifically understood craft, work...
The monograph "Urban Visuality, Mobility, Information and Technology of Images" focuses... more The monograph "Urban Visuality, Mobility, Information and Technology of Images" focuses on contemporary problems of the architectural and urbanist environment from the point of view of social environmental psychology and theory. Authors of the subsequent chapter come from various countries (Poland, Czech Republic, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy and Kenya) and together they present multiple evidences for the need of transcultural visual literacy in symbolic interactions in the urban sphere. The multidimensional presentation of urban visual and technological environment found in the book is certainly a valuable scientific publication within social and cultural sciences, inspiring the readers sensibility for the quality of visual solutions in architectural spaces for deep research in contemporary urban visual culture.
This article is set out to explicate the changing understanding of the Eucharist among the Kikuyu... more This article is set out to explicate the changing understanding of the Eucharist among the Kikuyu communicants in the diocese of Thika since its introduction by the Anglican missionaries. The concept of Athomi, literally rendered as “leaners”, ascribed communicants the attributes of continuing Christian learners full of spiritual expectation in the holy communion sacrament. These days however, that “unique thing” is absent as the service is invaded by “the wrong people” with “mud”. The article is informed by qualitative data collected among the members and clerics of Thika Diocese in the Anglican Church of Kenya (ACK). It argues that the changing perception of the Eucharist by communicants of Thika diocese is largely influenced by Kikuyu’s incarnation of the meal elements, the manner in which the meal is administered, the preparation of the communicants and the teachings on the subject by clerics. Informed by the incarnation theory, the article further argues that there is a need fo...
Imagine a male celibate priest trying to talk about sex and AIDS to a church congregation whose m... more Imagine a male celibate priest trying to talk about sex and AIDS to a church congregation whose majority is women! It is naturally embarrassing and challenging. This is the situation that most Catholic lay, religious, and the hierarchy had to deal with in South Africa during the 1990s.The article is an attempt to use archival and oral history materials collected between 2007 and 2010 to analyse how the Catholic Church spoke about HIV and AIDS and how that discourse influenced South African society during the 1990s. Here I argue that although the church's statements on AIDS, condoms, sex and sexuality during this period were openly defensive, often ambivalent, and characteristically passive, it was what the church said and how it said it that created controversies, more than anything else. "Vetel my waar ek 'n kondoom kan kry!" Katolieke VIGS diskoerse in Suid-Afrika tydens die 1990s Verbeel jou dat 'n selibate priester probeer praat oor seks en VIGS en die gehoor is 'n gemeente waarvan die lede grootliks vroue is! Dit is uiteraard uitdagend en vernederend. Dit is die situasie wat die meeste Katolieke leke, gelowiges en die hierargie mee moes omgaan in Suid-Afrika in die 1990s. Hierde artikel poog om argivale en orale bronne, versamel tussen 2007 en 2010, te gebruik om te analiseer hoe die Katolieke Kerk oor HIV en VIGS gepraat het en hoe hierdie diskoerse die Suid-Afrikaanse gemeenskap tydens die tydperk beinvloed het. Ek argumenteer dat hoewel die kerk se uitsprake oor VIGS, kondome, seks en seksualiteit tydens die periode passief, openlik verdedigend en soms teenstrydig was, was dit wat die kerk gese het hoe dit gese is wat meer as enige iets anders wat kontroversies geskep het.
The alliance between faith and health in responding to a looming AIDS crisis in South Africa was ... more The alliance between faith and health in responding to a looming AIDS crisis in South Africa was exemplified in the collaborative work of two Catholic clerics and three nurses. Whereas their work was often eclipsed by the struggle for independence, Archbishop Denis Hurley and Father Ted Rogers envisioned a looming AIDS catastrophe and started warning, training and supporting societies with relevant strategies to minimise its impact as early as 1984. This article analyses their response to the AIDS crisis as witnessed by these nurses and two other contemporary clerics. Archival materials such as the Southern Cross magazine, plenary minutes of the South African Catholic Bishops Conference (SACBC), and correspondence letters shed more light on their difficult operating context.
The book contains the partial effects of the research realized within the project 'Technologi... more The book contains the partial effects of the research realized within the project 'Technologies of Imaging in Communication, Art and Social Sciences' (TICASS). It presents the material gathered and analysed referring to visual messages in urban public spaces in Kenya, on the case study of the Kilifi county, on the coast of the Indian Ocean. These investigations and analyses, based on Paul Martin Lester model of visual communication analysis, are important because all contemporary societies in Europe, Africa and the rest of the world have at stake solving the problems of communication in their urban public spaces saturated with images which may be diversely (accurately, incorrectly, falsely) read by individuals in the city whether by residents, tourists, visitors, or researchers. The urban text has a polyphonic character in its diversity of contents and forms, but also is full of contradictions, and sometimes absurdities, paradoxes, and palimpsest, what requires specific comp...
The alliance between faith and health in responding to a looming AIDS crisis in South Africa was ... more The alliance between faith and health in responding to a looming AIDS crisis in South Africa was exemplified in the collaborative work of two Catholic clerics and three nurses. Whereas their work was often eclipsed by the struggle for independence, Archbishop Denis Hurley and Father Ted Rogers envisioned a looming AIDS catastrophe and started warning, training and supporting societies with relevant strategies to minimise its impact as early as 1984. This article analyses their response to the AIDS crisis as witnessed by these nurses and two other contemporary clerics. Archival materials such as the Southern Cross magazine, plenary minutes of the South African Catholic Bishops Conference (SACBC), and correspondence letters shed more light on their difficult operating context.
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