ES Inglês - Aula 2
ES Inglês - Aula 2
ES Inglês - Aula 2
Singular e Plural
Observe no quadro abaixo o singular (ao lado esquerdo) e o plural (ao
lado direito) dos Pronomes Pessoais sujeito e objeto:
Uso do it:
It é o pronome pessoal que nós usamos ao invés de she/her ou he/him
quando nos referimos a coisas antes que a pessoas, no singular. Compare
os seguintes exemplos:
You have a great mom. She is nice and a hard worker. You should take
care of her.
Você tem uma grande mãe. Ela é ótima e trabalhadora. Você deveria
cuidar dela.
Brenda is still a close friend. I haven't seen her for three years now, but
she emails me every week. I miss her.
Brenda é ainda uma amiga íntima. Eu não a tenho visto por três anos até
agora, mas ela me manda e-mails toda semana. Tenho saudades dela.
It's just awful. It's the weekend again and it's been raining since early
morning.
É simplesmente horrível. É fim de semana de novo e tem chovido desde
manhã cedo.
It was 31 degrees on New York yesterday. Don't you wish you were still
there?
Estava 31 graus em Nova York ontem. Você não gostaria de ainda está
lá?
Hi, Bob. How's it going? ~ All's well, thanks. How is it with you?
Oi, Bob. Como está passando? ~ Tudo bem, obrigado. Como está para
você?
Have we invited Paul and Gary for Saturday? ~ No. But I spoke to them
last week. They're not around at the weekend.
Você convidou Paul e Gary para o Sábado? ~ Não. Mas falei com eles
semana passada. Eles não estão aqui no fim de semana.
Por exemplo:
John and I are going there.
João e eu estamos indo lá.
Booster Vocabulary
3. Após preposições
They wait for us.
Eles esperam por nós.
I want you live close to me.
4. Após exclamações
He won the visa to U.S.A. Lucky him!
Ele ganhou o visto para os EE.UU.A. Sorte dele!
The construction company employed them!
A companhia de construção os empregou!
I ± my mine (meu,minha)
You ± your yours (seu,sua)
He - his his (dele)
She ± her hers (dela)
It ± its its (dele,dela/neutro)
We ± our ours (nosso)
you - your yours (vosso,vossa)
They - their theirs (deles,delas)
Don't miss English courses on this site. This is a site that everyone
should see.
Não perca os cursos de Inglês neste site. Este é um site que todos
deveriam ver.
She decided to travel to Europe alone, and this upset her husband.
Ela decidiu viajar para a Europa sozinha, e isto chateou o marido
dela.
'RQ¶WIRUJHWthat!
Não esqueça disso!
2 - Advérbios
The car was washed yesterday. (When the car was washed? ~
yesterday)
O carro foi lavado ontem. (Quando o carro foi lavado? ~ ontem)
The car is very old. (How old is the car? ~ very ) ± modificou o
adjetivo old.
O carro é muito velho. ( Quão velho é o carro? ~ muito )
The rain watered the garden very well. (How well does the rain
water the garden? ~ very well ) ± modificou o advérbio de modo
well.
A chuva molhou o jardim muito bem. ( Quão bem a chuva molhou o
jardim? ~ muito bem )
The car was badly washed. ( How was the car washed? ~ badly). ±
modificou o particípio washed.
O carro foi lavado pessimamente. (Como o carro foi lavado? ~
pessimamente)
Oração completa
Os advérbios no início da frase modificam o sentido geral da mesma:
Certainly, you can borrow my car on Saturday.
Certamente, você pode pegar emprestado meu carro no Sábado.
There was a power failure earlier today and the trains are all
running late now.
Houve uma falha de energia mais cedo hoje e os trens estão todos
atrasados agora.
Booster Vocabulary
fierce ± feroz, ameaçador water ± aguar, molhar, irrigar
wield ± exercer domínio sobre borrow ± obter emprestado
overcome ± vencer, superar below ± abaixo, debaixo. sob
Where did you arrange to meet him? ~ I arranged to meet him outside
the bank.
Onde a frase em negrito é uma locução adverbial de lugar, pois
UHVSRQGHjSHUJXQWD³RQGH"´
Onde você marcou para encontrá-lo? ~ Eu marquei para encontrá-lo fora
do banco.
When I arrived home I went to see Joan although it was very late.
Quando eu cheguei em casa fui ver Joana apesar de que era muito tarde.
Whereas in the 70s and 80s most men worked until they were 60
or 65, nowadays most retire when they are in their fifties.
Enquanto que nos anos 70 e 80 a maioria dos homens trabalhava até a
idade de 60 ou 65, hoje em dia a maioria se aposenta aos cinquenta
anos.
Booster Vocabulary
arrange ± combinar, planejar although ± apesar de, embora
manager ± gerente, administrador in order to ± a fim de
harsh ± cruel, severo as though ± como se
3 ± Presente Contínuo
Affirmative (Afirmativa)
Exceções:
,VQ¶WP\SHWUDEELWVOHHSLQJRXWRIKRPH"
Não está o meu coelho de estimação dormindo fora de casa?
$UHQ¶WZHSOD\LQJDPRQJIULHQGV"
Não estamos nós jogando entre amigos?
Booster Vocabulary
among entre, no meio de
change mudar, converter, trocar, alterar
employ empregar,usar, ocupação
fix consertar, ajustar, resolver
hundred cem, uma centena
run over atropelar
Heather Stewart
Monetary stimulus is not the answer, says the Bank for International
Settlements in Basle, after share prices plunge
Central banks have done as much as they safely can to rebuild the world
economy, and the onus is now on politicians to create the conditions for a
stronger recovery, according to the Bank for International Settlements,
the central bankers' club.
Stock and bond prices plunged across the world last week after Ben
Bernanke, chairman of the Federal Reserve, announced that he planned
to begin "tapering" quantitative easing by the end of the year.
Fonte: http://www.guardian.co.uk/global/2013/jun/23/kickstarting-
growth-threaten-stability-central-bank
Translation
Monetary stimulus is not the answer, says the Bank for International
Settlements in Basle, after share prices plunge
Central banks have done as much as they safely can to rebuild the world
economy, and the onus is now on politicians to create the conditions for a
stronger recovery, according to the Bank for International Settlements,
the central bankers' club.
Os bancos centrais têm feito o máximo que podem com segurança para a
reconstrução da economia mundial, e cabe agora aos políticos criar as
condições para uma recuperação mais forte, segundo o Banco de
Compensações Internacionais, o clube dos banqueiros centrais.
Stock and bond prices plunged across the world last week after Ben
Bernanke, chairman of the Federal Reserve, announced that he planned
to begin "tapering" quantitative easing by the end of the year.
Fonte: http://www.guardian.co.uk/global/2013/jun/23/kickstarting-
growth-threaten-stability-central-bank
Booster Vocabulary
Federal Reserve Banco Central
GDP ± Gross Domestic Product PIB ± Produto Interno Bruto
jeopardise prejudicar, pôr em perigo
plunge despencar, imergir, cair
quantitative easing flexibilização ou afrouxamento
quantitativo
settlement Compensação, estabelecimento
share ações
By Pat Lencioni
What should leaders do? Be more open to new ideas from employees?
Probably not. Better yet, they should stop overhyping innovation to the
masses and come to the realization that only a limited number of people
in any company really needs to be innovative.
As heretical as that may seem to those who want to believe that
³LQQRYDWLRQ LV HYHU\RQH¶V EXVLQHVV´ consider that even the most
innovative and creative organizations need far more people to be dutiful,
Comentários:
21 7KH DXWKRU¶V LQWHQWLRQ LQ WKLV WH[W LV WR warn organizations that 21st
century employees should abandon creatonomy at work
21 A intenção do autor no texto é alertar as organizações que os
funcionários do século 21 devem abandonar creatonomy no trabalho.
30 7KHDXWKRUGHIHQGVµFUHDWRQRP\¶DWZRUNEHFDXVH
30 2DXWRUGHIHQGH³creatonomy´QRWUDEDOKRSRUTXH
GABARITO: ERRADA
22 7KH IUDJPHQW ³«WR WHDFK HYHU\RQH KRZ WR WKLQN RXWVLGH WKH ER[´
(lines 15-16) suggests that company leaders are showing their employees
how to look further and see things from unconventional perspectives
GABARITO: CERTA
What should leaders do? Be more open to new ideas from employees?
Probably not. Better yet, they should stop overhyping innovation to the
masses and come to the realization that only a limited number of people
in any company really needs to be innovative.
GABARITO: CERTA
GABARITO: CERTA
Booster Vocabulary
avoid evitar
become tornar-se, vir a ser
procedure procedimento
sales staff equipe de vendas
Até mesmo uma empresa de alta tecnologia não quer ou precisa de seu
departamento financeiro ou de equipe de vendas para ser
verdadeiramente inovadora.
GABARITO: ERRADA
Questão 2
In terms of reference,
Em termos de referência,
26. ³LW´ OLQH UHIHUV WR ³SUREOHP´ (line 11) = ³LVWR´ OLQKD
refere-VHD³«SUREOHPD´(linha 13)
The problem LVQ¶W VR PXFK WKDW ZH¶UH RYHUVWDWLQJ WKH LPSRUWDQFH RI
LQQRYDWLRQLW¶s more about what so many leaders are doing with it.
The problem LVQ¶W VR PXFK WKDW ZH¶UH RYHUVWDWLQJ WKH LPSRUWDQFH RI
LQQRYDWLRQ LW¶V PRUH DERXW ZKDW VR PDQ\ OHDGHUV DUH GRLQJ ZLWK the
problem.
GABARITO: ERRADA
7KH SUREOHP LVQ¶W VR PXFK WKDW ZH¶UH RYHUVWDWLQJ WKH LPSRUWDQFH RI
LQQRYDWLRQLW¶VPRUHDERXWZKDWVRPDQ\leaders are doing with it. Too
many of them are exhorting all of their employees to be more
innovative, providing classes and workshops designed to teach everyone
how to think outside the box.
7KH SUREOHP LVQ¶W VR PXFK WKDW ZH¶UH RYHUVWDWLQJ WKH LPSortance of
LQQRYDWLRQLW¶VPRUHDERXWZKDWVRPDQ\leaders are doing with it. Too
many of them are exhorting all of their employees to be more
innovative, providing classes and workshops designed to teach everyone
how to think outside the box.
GABARITO: ERRADA
28. ³LW´ OLQH UHIHUV WR ³VXUSULVH´ (line 28) = ³LVWR´ OLQKD
refere-VHD³«VXUSUHVD«´(linha 28)
Então, não é nenhuma surpresa quando os líderes são tão criticados por
pregar inovação sem realmente valorizá-la.
Então, não é nenhuma surpresa quando os líderes são tão criticados por
pregar inovação sem realmente valorizar a surpresa.
GABARITO: ERRADA
What should leaders do? Be more open to new ideas from employees?
Probably not. Better yet, they should stop overhyping innovation to the
masses and come to the realization that only a limited number of people
in any company really needs to be innovative.
What should leaders do? Be more open to new ideas from employees?
Probably not. Better yet, the leaders should stop overhyping innovation
to the masses and come to the realization that only a limited number of
people in any company really needs to be innovative.
GABARITO: CERTA
Observe como o texto ficou sem nexo, mostrando claramente que o that
não refere-se a innovation mas sim ao sujeito da frase já citado
GABARITO: ERRADA
31 7KH TXHVWLRQ ³:KDW VKRXOG OHDGHUV GHPDQG RI WKHLU people, if not
LQQRYDWLRQ"´ (lines 56-57) implies that leaders should expect their
subordinates to develop skills other than innovation
What should leaders demand of their people, if not innovation? How about
a combination of interpersonal creativity and autonomy?
O que os líderes devem exigir de seus povos, se não a inovação? O que
dizer de uma combinação de criatividade interpessoal e autonomia?
GABARITO: CERTA
Os dois vocábulos são advérbios porém não são sinônimos e portanto não
podem substituir um ao outro sem que cause alteração na compreensão
textual.
GABARITO: ERRADA
GABARITO: CERTA
GABARITO: CERTA
Translation
By Pat Lencioni
7KH SUREOHP LVQ¶W VR PXFK WKDW ZH¶UH Rverstating the importance of
LQQRYDWLRQ LW¶V PRUH DERXW ZKDW VR many leaders are doing with it. Too
many of them are exhorting all of their employees to be more innovative,
providing classes and workshops designed to teach everyone how to think
outside the box.
Eles também estão fazendo o seu melhor para incluir a inovação em uma
lista de valores fundamentais, adornando a palavra em relatórios anuais e
cartazes no corredor, esperando que isso irá inspirar as pessoas a gerar
novas ideias que vão revolucionar as perspectivas financeiras e
estratégicas de longo prazo da empresa.
For all the talk about innovation, most executives GRQ¶W UHDOO\ OLNH WKH
prospect of their people generating new ways to do things, hoping instead
WKDW WKH\¶OO VLPSO\ GR ZKDW WKH\¶UH EHLQJ DVNHG WR GR LQ WKH PRVW
enthusiastic, professional way possible. So it is no surprise when leaders
get pounded for preaching innovation without really valuing it.
What should leaders do? Be more open to new ideas from employees?
Probably not. Better yet, they should stop overhyping innovation to the
masses and come to the realization that only a limited number of people
in any company really needs to be innovative.
Como herético que isso possa parecer para aqueles que querem acreditar
que "a inovação é um assunto de todos", consideram que mesmo as
organizações mais inovadoras e criativas precisam muito de pessoas que
serão obedientes, entusiastas, e consistentes em seu trabalho do que
inovadoras ou criativas.
And the most creative restaurant requires the work of a single chef to
design a fabulous menu, and dozens of cooks and waitresses and waiters
and dishwashers who will do their jobs with commitment, consistency,
and dutifulness. If the cooks innovate, consistency is gone and customers
FDQ¶WUHO\RQ ZKDWWKH\¶UHJRLQJWRJHW(YHQDKLJK-tech company GRHVQ¶W
want or need its finance department or sales staff to be truly innovative.
What should leaders demand of their people, if not innovation? How about
a combination of interpersonal FUHDWLYLW\DQGDXWRQRP\"³&UHDWRQRP\´,
realize that sounds like a protein drink for bodybuilders; however, what it
means is that we need our employees to take complete responsibility to
do their jobs and satisfy customers in the most effective and charismatic
way possible, but within the bounds of sound business principles. For
7KHUHIRUH LI \RX¶UH D OHDGHU WKH QH[W WLPH \RX think about giving a
speech or sending out an e-mail calling for your people to innovate,
consider being more specific about what you really want from them. And
if you really believHWKDW\RXURUJDQL]DWLRQLVQ¶W innovative enough, focus
your efforts first on the people at the top.
http://www.businessweek.com/innovate/content/aug2010/
Comentários:
Based on the text above, judge the following items.
Baseado no texto acima, julgue os itens seguintes.
GABARITO: ERRADA
GABARITO: CERTA
GABARITO: CERTA
GABARITO: CERTA
25 The conceptual model and the previously defined post conditions are
likely to present incorrect data.
25 O modelo conceitual e as pós condições previamente definidas são
susceptíveis de apresentar dados incorretos.
GABARITO: CERTA
GABARITO: ERRADA
27 The iterative development cannot cope with new analysis and design.
27 O desenvolvimento iterativo não pode lidar com a nova análise e
projeto.
GABARITO: ERRADA
GABARITO: CERTA
Translation
Welcome to Oxford
Comentários:
Based on the text above, it can be inferred that
Com base no texto acima, pode-se inferir que
GABARITO: CERTA
22 NULA
Nor does Oxford flaunt its treasures; behind department stores lurk grand
Palladian doorways or half-hidden crannies of medieval architecture.
Antônimos:
GABARITO: ERRADA
O texto diz que a universidade de Oxford é famosa; porém não diz que
ela é a mais famosa do mundo (most = adjetivo superlativo de
superioridade).
GABARITO: ERRADA
GABARITO: CERTA
(YHQ2[IRUG¶VIDPRXV8QLYHUVLW\LVVSUHDGDPLGVWDtangle of 35 different
colleges and halls in various parts of the city centre, side by side with
shops and offices.
Até mesmo a famosa Universidade de Oxford se espalha em meio a um
emaranhado de 35 faculdades diferentes e salões em várias partes do
centro da cidade, ao lado de lojas e escritórios.
tangle = emaranhado
line= linha, reta, fila, fileira
GABARITO: ERRADA
GABARITO: CERTA
For the visitor this presents a challenge ² there is no single building that
dominates Oxford, no famous fortress or huge cathedral that will give you
a short-cut view of the city.
Para o visitante isto apresenta um desafio - não há um único edifício que
domina Oxford, nenhuma fortaleza famosa ou catedral enorme que vai
lhe dar uma visão de atalho da cidade.
GABARITO: ERRADA
Fonte: http://www.cespe.unb.br/
Translation
Welcome to Oxford
Bem vindo(a) a Oxford
For the visitor this presents a challenge ² there is no single building that
dominates Oxford, no famous fortress or huge cathedral that will give you
a short-cut view of the city.
Nor does Oxford flaunt its treasures; behind department stores lurk grand
Palladian doorways or half-hidden crannies of medieval architecture. The
entrance to a college may be tucked down a narrow alleyway, and even
then it is unlikely to be signposted.
H. Cory. Advanced writing with English in use: CAE.
Oxford University Press, 1999, p. 135 (adapted).
Technology Legislation
25
better chance of passing with strong Democratic backing this
year, but it figures to be a hard-fought battle. Digital copyright
28 issues could also come to the fore in Congress. With the
changes brought about by the last election, it will be an
interesting year for entrepreneurs to keep an eye on the
31 goings-on in Washington.
Internet: <www.microsoft.com>.
Comentários:
Judge the following items according to the text above.
Julgue os itens seguintes de acordo com o texto acima.
evitar.
Laws that lay out more stringent requirements for retaining and
protecting employee and customer data could be protecting on the
horizon.
Observe que o significado do verbo frasal no texto nada tem a ver com o
sugerido no enunciado. Portanto se trocássemos um pelo outro o texto
sofreria severa alteração na sua interpretação.
GABARITO: ERRADA
Booster Vocabulary
fine bem, multa, penalidade
issue questão, assunto
pop up aparecer de repente
get hit
complying looking at laws
like Sarbanes-Oxley to get an idea of where new tech laws could be
heading.
"As empresas precisam ter isso em seu radar. Você não quer ser atingido
com uma multa porque você não está cumprindo. " Ela sugere olhar
para leis como a Sarbanes-Oxley para ter uma ideia de onde novas leis de
tecnologia poderiam dirigir.
GABARITO: CERTA
Fonte:
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/entrepreneur.html#ixzz20
mvIc696
GABARITO: CERTA
GABARITO: CERTA
Net neutrality is likely to be a hot issue again after stalling in the Senate
last year.
GABARITO: ERRADA
Translation
³%XVLQHVVHV QHHG WR KDYH WKDW RQ WKHLU UDGDU <RX GRQ¶W ZDQW WR get hit
ZLWK D ILQH EHFDXVH \RX¶UH QRW FRPSO\LQJ´ 6KH suggests looking at laws
like Sarbanes-Oxley to get an idea of where new tech laws could be
heading.
"As empresas precisam ter isso em seu radar. Você não quer ser atingido
com uma multa porque você não está cumprindo. " Ela sugere olhar para
Net neutrality is likely to be a hot issue again after stalling in the Senate
last year. Net neutrality proponents want regulations to prevent network
providers from prioritizing F H U W D L Q , Q WH U Q H W W UD I I L F ‡ 1 H
issue for small E X V L Q HV V H V · V D\ V : H V W H U K H L P
Vocabulários:
Sinônimos (Synonyms)
By Pat Lencioni
What should leaders do? Be more open to new ideas from employees?
Probably not. Better yet, they should stop overhyping innovation to the
masses and come to the realization that only a limited number of people
in any company really needs to be innovative.
As heretical as that may seem to those who want to believe that
³LQQRYDWLRQ LV HYHU\RQH¶V EXVLQHVV´ consider that even the most
innovative and creative organizations need far more people to be dutiful,
40 enthusiastic, and consistent in their work than innovative or
creative.
Think about a movie set. For every writer or director or actor on the
payroll, there are hordes of people who have to be technically proficient,
45 consistent, patient, and disciplined in their responsibilities. If they
innovate, the project turns to chaos.
And the most creative restaurant requires the work of a single chef to
design a fabulous menu, and dozens of cooks and waitresses and waiters
50 and dishwashers who will do their jobs with commitment, consistency,
and dutifulness. If the cooks innovate, consistency is gone and customers
FDQ¶WUHO\RQ ZKDWWKH\¶UHJRLQJWRJHW(YHQDKLJK-tech company GRHVQ¶W
55 want or need its finance department or sales staff to be truly
innovative.
What should leaders demand of their people, if not innovation? How
about a combination of interpersonal creativity and autonomy?
³&UHDWRQRP\´,UHDOL]HWKDW sounds like a protein drink for bodybuilders;
60 however, what it means is that we need our employees to take
complete responsibility to do their jobs and satisfy customers in the most
effective and charismatic way possible, but within the bounds of sound
65 business SULQFLSOHV )RU WKRVH ZKR VD\ ³:HOO WKDW¶V ZKDW ZH mean
22 7KH IUDJPHQW ³«WR WHDFK HYHU\RQH KRZ WR WKLQN RXWVLGH WKH ER[´
(lines 15-16) suggests that company leaders are showing their employees
how to look further and see things from unconventional perspectives
Questão 2
In terms of reference,
26. ³LW´OLQHUHIHUVWR³SUREOHP´(line 11)
Texto 3:
1 Interaction diagrams may be created with the
motivation of fulfilling the post-conditions of the
contracts, which have the function of organizing and
4 isolating the information in a workable format, and of
encouraging investigative work during the analysis
phase of a software system development process rather
7 than the design phase. However, it is essential to
recognize that the previously defined post-conditions
are merely an initial best guess or estimate of what must
10 be achieved. They may not be accurate. This is also true
of the conceptual model ² it is a starting point that will
contain errors and omissions. Treat contracts as a
13 starting point for determining what must be done, but do
not be bound by them. It is very likely that some
existing post-conditions will not be necessary, and that
22 nula
92 In the text, the verb to comply LQ µ<RX GRQ¶W ZDQW WR JHW KLW with a
ILQH EHFDXVH \RX¶UH QRW FRPSO\LQJ¶ l.11-12), means to act in
accordance with.
GABARITO:
TEXTO 2: 21-errada; 22-certa; 23-certa; 24-certa; 25-errada; 26-
errada; 27-errada; 28-errada; 29-certa; 30-errada; 31-certa; 32-
errada; 33-certa; 34-certa;
Ena Smith
[email protected]
https://www.facebook.com/ena.smith.79