Faculty of Arts and Humanities

Vocabulary learning and teaching is a hard task for English as Additional/ Second/ Foreign Language (EAL/ ESL/ EFL) Learners and teachers respectively. With the advancements in technology, language pedagogy has also adopted new trends. It is one of the recent trends in vocabulary learning and teaching within language pedagogy. The current study aims at investigating the effectiveness of vocabulary learning through a modern digital technique namely Corpus-Driven learning. For this purpose, a one Million (1M) (1,000,000) words English Vocabulary Corpus (EVC) was extracted from books (20%), magazines (20%), transcript of TV shows (20%), transcript of Movies (20%) and transcript of TV drama serials and shows (20%). All the data was chosen from five (5) native English Language speaking countries including America, Canada, England, Australia and New Zealand. This English Vocabulary Corpus (EVC) was taught for three (3) slots of one (1) credit hour to 100 final year students of BS English Language. A questionnaire was distributed among 100 students of BS English Language between 20-25 years old through online Google Forms after teaching them EVC. The survey questionnaire was according to the demand for research and vocabulary items from the GRE syllabus were taken for teaching. 5-Point Likert Scale was used to collect the responses for 13 close-ended questionnaires in five options including Strongly Agree, Agree, Neutral, Disagree and Strongly Disagree. The results indicated that the English Vocabulary Corps (EVC) was liked by the students to be taught at institutions for teaching vocabulary. EVC produced effective results on cognition as it helped in the better understanding of meanings, particular contexts and multiple contexts of the words. Students were most likely to use EVC in academia for learning vocabulary. EVC is better than the traditional methods of learning vocabulary as it is creative and easy to understand.

As success is based on time management and university students face difficulty to manage their time effectively in order to keep balance in their social and academic life. The students either spend all their time in the use of social media or in academics which in return affects their health. We are living in the digital world of the 21st century where apps are being used widely and they can help the students to utilize their time in the best possible way. Productivity apps help to enhance the efficiency of an individual's work by assisting one to schedule one's work. There are also trends in these apps in which their achievements are shown by a graph and hence the rise in the graph gives them a sense of pleasure and accomplishment since monitoring is the key aspect of success. This survey based study through questionnaires has been conducted in order to evaluate the effects of productivity apps on students' capabilities. A quantitative and experimental study has been conducted. Twenty five students from the National University of Modern Languages have been selected with purposive sampling technique in this research. Findings of the case study reveal that sixty five percent of the students accomplish their set targets according to their schedule. This study is beneficial for students and others.

Vocabulary learning and teaching is a hard task for English as Additional/ Second/ Foreign Language (EAL/ ESL/ EFL) Learners and teachers respectively. With the advancements in technology, language pedagogy has also adopted new trends. It is one of the recent trends in vocabulary learning and teaching within language pedagogy. The current study aims at investigating the effectiveness of vocabulary learning through a modern digital technique namely Corpus-Driven learning. For this purpose, a one Million (1M) (1,000,000) words English Vocabulary Corpus (EVC) was extracted from books (20%), magazines (20%), transcript of TV shows (20%), transcript of Movies (20%) and transcript of TV drama serials and shows (20%). All the data was chosen from five (5) native English Language speaking countries including America, Canada, England, Australia and New Zealand. This English Vocabulary Corpus (EVC) was taught for three (3) slots of one (1) credit hour to 100 final year students of BS English Language. A questionnaire was distributed among 100 students of BS English Language between 20-25 years old through online Google Forms after teaching them EVC. The survey questionnaire was according to the demand for research and vocabulary items from the GRE syllabus were taken for teaching. 5-Point Likert Scale was used to collect the responses for 13 close-ended questionnaires in five options including Strongly Agree, Agree, Neutral, Disagree and Strongly Disagree. The results indicated that the English Vocabulary Corps (EVC) was liked by the students to be taught at institutions for teaching vocabulary. EVC produced effective results on cognition as it helped in the better understanding of meanings, particular contexts and multiple contexts of the words. Students were most likely to use EVC in academia for learning vocabulary. EVC is better than the traditional methods of learning vocabulary as it is creative and easy to understand.

The corona virus (COVID-2019) increases hastily in the entire globe, reckoning an outbreak of ruthless transmittable pneumonia 1 the incessant broaden of the contagion, is probable to impinge on the students' psychological health. 2 In illumination of the eruption of COVID-19 in Pakistan, the investigator feels the same heaviness amongst learners in the premises of academia. The data was collected through a team of M. Phil students that were studying in SS&PE department of Gomal University. The data collected from all those students, participated in competitive sports activities. The data were analyzed by applying (frequency, percentage, mean, non-parametric chi-square test and t-test as statistical tools with help of SPSS software version, 25. The result of the study shows that the university's students 56.04% were well aware of COVID-19. 50.1% of total university students were of the opinion to adopt the proper precautionary measures. The study observed that University's students 42.72% were psychologically depressed regarding the COVID-19 outbreak in Pakistan. The University's students were well aware of COVID-19, the students were psychologically depressed regarding the COVID-19 outbreak in Pakistan, and urban students were more psychologically affected by the COVID-19 outbreak than the rural students. It was also concluded that male and female and athletes, non-athletes were having the same psychological effect. However, the population was of the opinion that their response will be positive with special reference to adopt precautionary measures.

The current qualitative study endeavoured to investigate the multi-layered meaning of billboard advertisements by elaboration, exploration and elucidation of intended meanings and cultural norms demonstrated in billboard advertisements. For this purpose, the content of eight (8) billboard advertisements was thematically analyzed utilizing Fairclough's 3-Dimensional Model: Description interpretation and explanation. The obtained results showed that these billboards had underlying meanings in terms of gender objectification, female portrayal, and social stereotypes as prominent themes. Furthermore, all the selected advertisements were based on a fine designed semiotic study to motivate the users.

Language learners face problems in the use of vocabulary within appropriate contexts because of unsatisfying learning material. This deters language learners from learning due to uninteresting learning material. This difficulty in language learning cannot generate productive results and students lose motivation in language learning. Movie Corpus built by Mark Davies (2019) is a creative Big Data Science digital tool which can be used for motivating learners. This innovation in technology provides assistance to language learners by the creative use of digital tools called as Digital Humanities. A mixed method was applied in the experimental analysis of 50 final year university students. The creative utilization of Movie Corpus provided productive results. These productive motivations lead language learners towards creative learning which forms basis of emotional intelligence. An examination of Daniel Goleman’s components of emotional intelligence were examined for creative learning of vocabulary. Goleman’s pattern of emotional intelligence forecast five elements of learning: Self Awareness, Self Regulation, Motivation, Empathy and Social Skills. These elements of emotional intelligence initiated a productive response in language learners because of the creative use of Movie Corpus. The findings revealed that the creative use of Movie Corpus produced productive results in the study of vocabulary within accurate contexts because it instigated motivation and learning patterns of emotional intelligence.

History has witnessed the exploitation of working class at the hands of ruling class since the very beginning of mankind. This exploitation has always led the poor to the state of false consciousness. Karl Marx has pointed out this social injustice in his theory. This research is an attempt to find Marxist elements of exploitation and false consciousness in the short story The Old Man by Attia Hosain, which is written in the context of subcontinent. Current study has incorporated the textual method of analysis through the lens of the proposition of Karl Marx about the behaviour of the bourgeoisie towards the proletariat. The study is qualitative in nature where descriptive method of textual analysis is utilized to look for and examine the instances of exploitation and false consciousness. The major finding of research depicts that the upper class has always exploited the poor and the poor who have false consciousness bear all inhumane behaviour without any resistance. Thus, it is the view that exploitation and false consciousness pose difficulties and hardships for the poor class.

Under the shadow of the inescapable fact that learning L2 (Second or Foreign Language) especially English in this global village is mandatory for academia in developing countries, thereupon, Pakistan faces akin conditions where learners are exposed to Urdu as National Language and English as Academic and Official Language besides L1 (First Language, Mother Tongue, Primary Language or Native Language). Within this confused sequential multilingualism, few achieve native-like accuracy or fluency or both, while others fall a prey to influence of L1 in L2. The current study extends to explore the different types of interferences Pakistani Urdu (L1) speakers face while learning English as Second Language (ESL) (L2). A random sample of thirty students of first semester BS (Hons.) program students with Urdu as L1 from eleven Pakistani universities were interviewed online and were examined utilizing qualitative approach for the investigation of syntactic interferences which were theoretically evaluated employing the Contrastive Analysis technique proposed by Ellis (1985). Findings unfolded four types of syntactic errors owing to interferences of L1 (Urdu) in the usage of L2 (English): Articles, prepositions, subject-verb agreement and direct implications of Urdu (L1) words which were posing hurdles for Urdu as L1 speakers of Pakistan in learning ESL as L2.

The Justice and Development Party in Turkey have broken the traditional legacy of Mustafa Kamal Ataturk. It has brought tremendous reforms in different sectors like education, social status of women, economic, religious, and political and foreign policy. It has tried to give due status to military's role in politics. It has also redefined the role of religion in politics to address governance issues. These governance reforms are a model for the leadership in Pakistan.

Vocabulary learning and teaching is a hard task for English as Additional/ Second/ Foreign Language (EAL/ ESL/ EFL) Learners and teachers respectively. With the advancements in technology, language pedagogy has also adopted new trends. It is one of the recent trends in vocabulary learning and teaching within language pedagogy. The current study aims at investigating the effectiveness of vocabulary learning through a modern digital technique namely Corpus-Driven learning. For this purpose, a one Million (1M) (1,000,000) words English Vocabulary Corpus (EVC) was extracted from books (20%), magazines (20%), transcript of TV shows (20%), transcript of Movies (20%) and transcript of TV drama serials and shows (20%). All the data was chosen from five (5) native English Language speaking countries including America, Canada, England, Australia and New Zealand. This English Vocabulary Corpus (EVC) was taught for three (3) slots of one (1) credit hour to 100 final year students of BS English Language. A questionnaire was distributed among 100 students of BS English Language between 20-25 years old through online Google Forms after teaching them EVC. The survey questionnaire was according to the demand for research and vocabulary items from the GRE syllabus were taken for teaching. 5-Point Likert Scale was used to collect the responses for 13 close-ended questionnaires in five options including Strongly Agree, Agree, Neutral, Disagree and Strongly Disagree. The results indicated that the English Vocabulary Corps (EVC) was liked by the students to be taught at institutions for teaching vocabulary. EVC produced effective results on cognition as it helped in the better understanding of meanings, particular contexts and multiple contexts of the words. Students were most likely to use EVC in academia for learning vocabulary. EVC is better than the traditional methods of learning vocabulary as it is creative and easy to understand.

An outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic in December 2019 (COVID-19) offered momentous challenges to traditional instructional methodologies paving way for emerging online teaching methodologies. This situation altered the learning technique transformations, from the desk to desktop computers, in 188 countries including Pakistan. Different online teaching platforms like Zoom, Microsoft Teams, WhatsApp, Google Classroom, Google Hangouts, Gmail, Skype, Imo and EduPage have assisted students in the continuation of learning in the current pandemic. Contemporary research aims to investigate whether the online form of distance learning techniques are effective. The flexible learning model is taken up by Pakistani institutes for distance learning using digital technologies and dropping the barriers of classrooms. Digital technology innovated the learning process by connecting technology, instructional methods, content and pedagogy is known as TPACK Model. The learner-centred constructivism approach of involving both teachers and students in the learning process is concerned with the flexible learning method. The object in Pakistan is to make students self-sufficient by the use of flexible pedagogy of the TPACK model and open learning. A mixed method approach incorporating qualitative and quantitative method was applied in online survey research of 100 students of various universities of Pakistan and results were collected. The students and teachers were more interested in virtual learning, but not as an alternative for traditional classroom practice. The results revealed that the goals associated with online classrooms could not be attained properly because of barriers like unstable internet, inadequate control over students and lack of knowledge of technology and that digital learning would be useful and applicable if the shortcomings associated with it were removed.
Keywords: COVID-19  pandemic,  emerging  teaching  methodologies, online teaching, flexible learning, TPACK model, traditional classrooms

Characters depict real life sketch of human beings living in a particular society, so thematic analysis of characters reveals society through the canvas of literature. Thematic and character analysis are prominent hurdles in the study of the genre of drama, particularly in the study of Shakespearean plays. Computational learning has made this analysis easy and understandable for the students of literature. The aim of the current research was to make learning interesting, creative, effective and productive through knowledge discovery of Shakespearean themes and characters by the use of Voyant Tools. The manifestation of Shakespearean themes and characters is obtained in the form of textual links, statistical information and visuals data by the use of Voyant Tools. The preloaded corpus of Shakespearean dramas was opened on the Voyant Tools, and the famous themes and characters of Shakespeare were revealed with their respective frequencies. A mixed method of knowledge Discovery Theory (KDD) by Rakesh Agarwal was applied in survey research of fifty last year university students of English literature, and the results proved beneficial. The students were more interested in the study of Shakespearean themes and characters by the use of computational Voyant Tools. The results showed that this technique of English Language Teaching (ELT) was useful and applicable because students found this method of learning interesting, creative, effective and productive.

Vocabulary learning and teaching is a hard task for English as Additional/ Second/ Foreign Language (EAL/ ESL/ EFL) Learners and teachers respectively. With the advancements in technology, language pedagogy has also adopted new trends. It is one of the recent trends in vocabulary learning and teaching within language pedagogy. The current study aims at investigating the effectiveness of vocabulary learning through a modern digital technique namely Corpus-Driven learning. For this purpose, a one Million (1M) (1,000,000) words English Vocabulary Corpus (EVC) was extracted from books (20%), magazines (20%), transcript of TV shows (20%), transcript of Movies (20%) and transcript of TV drama serials and shows (20%). All the data was chosen from five (5) native English Language speaking countries including America, Canada, England, Australia and New Zealand. This English Vocabulary Corpus (EVC) was taught for three (3) slots of one (1) credit hour to 100 final year students of BS English Language. A questionnaire was distributed among 100 students of BS English Language between 20-25 years old through online Google Forms after teaching them EVC. The survey questionnaire was according to the demand for research and vocabulary items from the GRE syllabus were taken for teaching. 5-Point Likert Scale was used to collect the responses for 13 close-ended questionnaires in five options including Strongly Agree, Agree, Neutral, Disagree and Strongly Disagree. The results indicated that the English Vocabulary Corps (EVC) was liked by the students to be taught at institutions for teaching vocabulary. EVC produced effective results on cognition as it helped in the better understanding of meanings, particular contexts and multiple contexts of the words. Students were most likely to use EVC in academia for learning vocabulary. EVC is better than the traditional methods of learning vocabulary as it is creative and easy to understand.

Honour killing is a practised social custom that is investigated in the current study utilizing basic descriptive mixed-method analysis. Fairclough’s Three Dimensional Model of Critical Media Discourse Analysis (CMDA) was applied in a newspaper article from The Dawn newspaper to reveal its hidden motifs. Findings revealed that the Vocabulary, grammar, cohesion and text structure of the article align with the left-wing ideology of Pakistan.

The corona virus (COVID-2019) increases hastily in the entire globe, reckoning an outbreak of ruthless transmittable pneumonia 1 the incessant broaden of the contagion, is probable to impinge on the students' psychological health. 2 In illumination of the eruption of COVID-19 in Pakistan, the investigator feels the same heaviness amongst learners in the premises of academia. The data was collected through a team of M. Phil students that were studying in SS&PE department of Gomal University. The data collected from all those students, participated in competitive sports activities. The data were analyzed by applying (frequency, percentage, mean, non-parametric chi-square test and t-test as statistical tools with help of SPSS software version, 25. The result of the study shows that the university's students 56.04% were well aware of COVID-19. 50.1% of total university students were of the opinion to adopt the proper precautionary measures. The study observed that University's students 42.72% were psychologically depressed regarding the COVID-19 outbreak in Pakistan. The University's students were well aware of COVID-19, the students were psychologically depressed regarding the COVID-19 outbreak in Pakistan, and urban students were more psychologically affected by the COVID-19 outbreak than the rural students. It was also concluded that male and female and athletes, non-athletes were having the same psychological effect. However, the population was of the opinion that their response will be positive with special reference to adopt precautionary measures.

The current study endeavours to accomplish the objectives to explain the multi-layered meaning of billboard advertisements. Inclusively, the objective of the current study was to focus on elaboration, exploration and elucidation of the advertiser's intended meaning, cultural devaluation and objectification of gender. Advertisement techniques like the linguistic message, brand name and colour were also symbolically interpreted for gender roles and societal degradation. The present study reinforced the consumers' views that advertisements were mostly a consequence of cultural standards and adherent to dominant societal conducts. All six (6) billboard advertisements selected through convenient sampling endured objectives in the data analysis chapter where the descriptive qualitative study was carried out under the framework of Fairclough's 3-Dimensional Model (1993, 2007, 2013): Description, Interpretation and Explanation. The objectives lead to a contribution to prevailing knowledge in many aspects like academic, cultural, psychological and social change at a global level.