Publications by Joren Selleslaghs
Research Handbook on EU Energy Law and Policy
Research Handbooks in European Law series
Edited b... more Research Handbook on EU Energy Law and Policy
Research Handbooks in European Law series
Edited by Rafael Leal-Arcas, Professor of European and International Economic Law, Jean Monnet Chaired Professor of EU International Economic Law and Director of Research, Queen Mary University of London, UK and Jan Wouters, Full Professor of International Law and International Organizations, Jean Monnet Chair ad personam EU and Global Governance, and Director, Leuven Centre for Global Governance Studies and Institute for International Law, KU Leuven, Belgium
This authoritative Research Handbook presents, for the first time, a comprehensive overview of the most important research and latest trends in EU energy law and policy. It offers high-quality original contributions that provide state-of-the-art research in this rapidly evolving area, situated in the broader context of international economic law and governance.
The European Union (EU) has adopted a very generous region-to-region approach towards Latin Ameri... more The European Union (EU) has adopted a very generous region-to-region approach towards Latin America in recent decades. However, although the EU adopted the same interregional strategy across different policy areas, the quality of interregional interaction (and success) vary significantly. A telling example is the EU's interregional approach to sign a far-reaching region-to-region association agreement with Latin America: instead of having one overarching EU-LAC agreement, the EU had to negotiate agreements with sub-regions in Latin America, and eventually only successfully concluded an Association Agreement with the Central American region (SICA) as negotiations with MERCOSUR have only recently been re-launched after a deadlock of six years and negotiations with the Andean region failed permanently, leading the EU to conclude bilateral association agreements with several Andean states instead. Another interesting case of EU-driven interregionalism is the case of EU-Latin America science diplomacy. In this policy area, it seems that the EU's interregional approach has been particularly successful, as both regions continuously call for the creation and strengthening of a "Common Area for Higher Education, Research and Technology" and various high-level working groups and action plans have been established to achieve this end. Yet, in contrast to the considerable scholarly attention for understanding the success/failure of EU-driven economic interregionalism, a critical assessment of EU-Latin America interregional cooperation in the field of science, higher education and innovation has not been produced to date. This paper aims to fill this notable academic (and policy-making) gap by providing a thorough overview of (1) the EU's drivers behind this particular foreign policy action and the chosen interregional approach; (2) the applied policy instruments and actions of this specific case of EU-Latin American interregional relations; and (3) achieved impact of this specific case of EU-Latin American interregional relations.
Due to various institutional adaptations over time, the European Union (EU) has gradually obtaine... more Due to various institutional adaptations over time, the European Union (EU) has gradually obtained stronger means to coordinate the – often – divergent preferences of its member states in foreign policy and to act with one voice. But how can we assess this cohesiveness, ‘effectiveness’ or performance of the EU as a global actor, in empirical terms? This chapter focuses on one area in which EU outcome and consequently, performance, can be highly relevant: coordination of EU activities in the framework of UN peacekeeping activities and operations. More specifically, this chapter aims to offer a ‘snapshot’ of EU member state homogeneity and coordination in a number of peacekeeping resolutions as agreed upon at the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) and United Nations Security Council (UNSC). By exploring UNGA roll call votes of EU member states on peacekeeping missions and a study of the preference alignment of selected cases of peacekeeping resolutions voted on in the UNSC, this chapter shows that coordination between the different EU member states has strongly increased over time, partially in parallel with increased intra-EU coordination in foreign policy.
Science diplomacy is a recently emerging term in both an EU context and at a broader internationa... more Science diplomacy is a recently emerging term in both an EU context and at a broader international level. By using diplomacy or foreign policy tools to establish stronger cooperation and interaction in the area of research, innovation and higher education, states and regions aim to strengthen their own research, higher education and innovation capacities. Europe, and in particular the European Union (EU), has a high level of scientific excellence and higher education, and has mobilised its scientific potential as a primary mean of action within its external policies like no other region has done before. Science diplomacy is also a well-established idea and objective within EU-Latin America relations and cooperation mechanisms. With continuous calls to establish a sustainable and structural scientific cooperation and a " Common Research and Higher Education Area " , up to the highest level, leaders of both regions have sought further collaboration in this area. Surprisingly, in contrast to the considerable political and bureaucratic attention of both regions for this area of cooperation, a critical assessment of EU-Latin America interregional cooperation in the field of research, innovation and higher education has not been produced to date. This paper aims to fill this notable academic gap by providing a thorough overview of (1) the EU's drivers behind this particular foreign policy action (2) the applied policy instruments and (3) achieved impact of this specific case of EU-Latin American interregional relations.
The European Union (EU) has adopted a very generous region-to-region approach towards Latin Ameri... more The European Union (EU) has adopted a very generous region-to-region approach towards Latin America in recent decades. However, although the EU adopted the same interregional strategy across different policy areas, the quality of interregional interaction (and success) vary significantly. A telling example is the EU's interregional approach to sign a far-reaching region-to-region association agreement with Latin America: instead of having one overarching EU-LAC agreement, the EU had to negotiate agreements with sub-regions in Latin America, and eventually only successfully concluded an Association Agreement with the Central American region (SICA) as negotiations with MERCOSUR have only recently been re-launched after a deadlock of six years and negotiations with the Andean region failed permanently leading the EU to conclude bilateral association agreements with several Andean states instead. Another interesting case of EU driven interregionalism is the case of EU-Latin America science diplomacy. In this policy area, it seems that the EU's interregional approach has been particularly successful, as both regions continuously call for the creation and strengthening of a "Common Area for Higher Education, Research and Technology" and various high-level working groups and action plans have been established to achieve this end. Yet, in contrast to the considerable scholarly attention for understanding the success/failure of EU-driven economic interregionalism, a critical assessment of EU-Latin America interregional cooperation in the field of science, higher education and innovation has not been produced to date. This paper aims to fill this notable academic (and policy-making) gap by providing a thorough overview of (1) the EU's drivers behind this particular foreign policy action and the chosen interregional approach (2) the applied policy instruments and actions of this specific case of EU-Latin American interregional relations.
Affairs at Leiden University, is a refereed publication and manuscripts go through a blind review... more Affairs at Leiden University, is a refereed publication and manuscripts go through a blind review process. The focus of SGA is on a wide array of security topics and issues, providing a platform for the analysis of key issues within security and global affairs. In doing so, SGA aims to generate new ideas and improve the management of safety and security. These include, but are not limited to, items pertaining to the terrorism and counterterrorism, cybersecurity and cybercrime, political violence, innovative practices, policy development and implementation, evaluative research and the (global) players engaged in these enterprises. Taking a multidisciplinary approach, SGA seeks to facilitate the exchange of knowledge and good practice. SGA publishes original articles that utilize a broad range of methodologies and international perspectives when examining pressing issues in safety and security across the globe.
The European Union (EU) has adopted a very generous interregional approach towards Latin America ... more The European Union (EU) has adopted a very generous interregional approach towards Latin America over the past decades. In fact, EU foreign policy towards Latin America is almost exclusively focused on purely region-to-region interaction and active support to the various (sub-)regional integration efforts. Latin America is seen as the part of the world where the EU's interregional agenda should bear the most fruit, since it shares the same values as the EU (democracy, human rights, nuclear non-proliferation and multilateralism) and has a strong willingness to counter-balance its close ties with the US. However, even though the EU adopted the same interregional strategy across different policy areas, the level of interregional interaction (and success) vary significantly. This paper argues that in the area of non-traditional security governance the EU's interregional approach to Latin America has been successful in achieving its own-set goals, but that it has not had a considerable impact on the situation on the ground.
The European Union (EU) adopted a generous interregional approach towards Latin America over the ... more The European Union (EU) adopted a generous interregional approach towards Latin America over the last decades. In fact, EU foreign policy towards Latin America is almost exclusively focused on purely region-to-region interaction and active support to the various (sub-)regional integration efforts. Latin America is seen as the part of the world where the EU’s interregional agenda should bear the most fruit, since it shares the same values as the EU (democracy, human rights, nuclear non-proliferation and multilateralism) and has a strong will to counter its strong ties with the US. However, even though the EU adopted the same interregional strategy across different policy areas, the level of interregional interaction (and success) vary significantly. This paper argues that in the area of non-traditional security governance, the EU’s Latin American’s interregional approach has been successful in achieving its own-set goals, however, it has not been able to enable a considerable impact on the situation on the ground.
Journal of Security and Global Affairs, Special issue 1, December 2016
Joren Selleslaghs (Improved Multilateral Action through the Revitalisation of EU-Latin America Re... more Joren Selleslaghs (Improved Multilateral Action through the Revitalisation of EU-Latin America Relations) shifts the emphasis towards Latin America, highlighting the importance of the region for the EU’s multilateral action. Describing EU relations with the region as being largely unexploited, he asserts that an intensified and broader cooperation with Latin American countries could result in more support for the EU’s multilateral agenda from the region. A revitalised EU-Latin America relationship, he argues, should rest on four main pillars: (i) The pursuit of mutual benefits in development policy, (ii) An increased focus on research and development matters, (iii) An enhanced cooperation in crisis management operations and, (iv) The strengthening of the inter-regional dimension of the relationship.
Many scholars have analyzed the role of the European Union (EU) in its southern neighborhood by l... more Many scholars have analyzed the role of the European Union (EU) in its southern neighborhood by looking at the EU’s policy documents and strategies. As such, it is often argued that the EU is at best a useful partner in democratic reform and at
worst an unsuccessful ‘normative power’. However, very few studies have analyzed the EU’s role from the recipients’ point of view: the southern neighboring countries themselves. This paper adopts an ‘outside-in approach’ and explores what the
southern neighborhood countries believe the EU should be or do. On the basis of a
set of 15 interviews with diplomats from the region and an analysis of 50 newspaper articles from the region on the EU’s relations with its southern neighborhood, this paper seeks to reveal the EU’s real ’added value’ for its southern Mediterranean
partners. To what extent does the EU’s own perceived role in its southern neighborhood match the role conception of those countries? Based on the three case studies of Algeria, Jordan and Egypt, the paper finds that there is a clear divergence in role conceptions between the EU and its southern partners. While the EU sees itself as a ‘force for good’ and promoter of norms and democracy in the southern Mediterranean region, the three countries primarily believe that the EU
perceives itself foremost as a provider of security and stability in the region, while they primarily expect it to act as a reliable partner for economic cooperation.
This working paper discusses the Central American regional Integration system (SICA) that tries t... more This working paper discusses the Central American regional Integration system (SICA) that tries to unite all Central American states into one economic and political union. SICA is one of the more advanced regional integration systems in world, and yet the academic literature on regional integration and regionalism tends to ignore it The first attempts to integrate Central America date back to the immediate aftermath of the independence from Spain in the beginning of the 19th century and they have been evolving ever since. Arguments of a shared history, culture and language, combating shared problems as well as the benefits of economies of scale and the added value of a single Central American voice in international diplomatic forums pushed the governments of the more than 50 million Central Americans citizens closer and closer together. But due to various limitations to the actual (institutional) framework, we can still not speak of a true 'regionalization' of the Central American Isthmus. These issues and more will be dealt with in this working paper. 4 | P a g e
The European Union (EU)-Central American interregional relationship has often been referred to as... more The European Union (EU)-Central American interregional relationship has often been referred to as "one of the most successful examples of EU relations with any sub-region in the world" (former Commissioner for External Relations Christopher Patten, 2003). In summer 2013, the EU and Central America agreed on an Association Agreement, which was the first of its kind concluded between regions. The EU has now also established a region-to-region delegation in Managua, Nicaragua. This paper analyses the EU's interests in pursuing such relations and argues that it mostly does so in order to promote liberal internationalism. Data was acquired through a literature review andprimarily -a large number of interviews conducted in Europe as well as Central America.
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Publications by Joren Selleslaghs
Research Handbooks in European Law series
Edited by Rafael Leal-Arcas, Professor of European and International Economic Law, Jean Monnet Chaired Professor of EU International Economic Law and Director of Research, Queen Mary University of London, UK and Jan Wouters, Full Professor of International Law and International Organizations, Jean Monnet Chair ad personam EU and Global Governance, and Director, Leuven Centre for Global Governance Studies and Institute for International Law, KU Leuven, Belgium
This authoritative Research Handbook presents, for the first time, a comprehensive overview of the most important research and latest trends in EU energy law and policy. It offers high-quality original contributions that provide state-of-the-art research in this rapidly evolving area, situated in the broader context of international economic law and governance.
worst an unsuccessful ‘normative power’. However, very few studies have analyzed the EU’s role from the recipients’ point of view: the southern neighboring countries themselves. This paper adopts an ‘outside-in approach’ and explores what the
southern neighborhood countries believe the EU should be or do. On the basis of a
set of 15 interviews with diplomats from the region and an analysis of 50 newspaper articles from the region on the EU’s relations with its southern neighborhood, this paper seeks to reveal the EU’s real ’added value’ for its southern Mediterranean
partners. To what extent does the EU’s own perceived role in its southern neighborhood match the role conception of those countries? Based on the three case studies of Algeria, Jordan and Egypt, the paper finds that there is a clear divergence in role conceptions between the EU and its southern partners. While the EU sees itself as a ‘force for good’ and promoter of norms and democracy in the southern Mediterranean region, the three countries primarily believe that the EU
perceives itself foremost as a provider of security and stability in the region, while they primarily expect it to act as a reliable partner for economic cooperation.
Research Handbooks in European Law series
Edited by Rafael Leal-Arcas, Professor of European and International Economic Law, Jean Monnet Chaired Professor of EU International Economic Law and Director of Research, Queen Mary University of London, UK and Jan Wouters, Full Professor of International Law and International Organizations, Jean Monnet Chair ad personam EU and Global Governance, and Director, Leuven Centre for Global Governance Studies and Institute for International Law, KU Leuven, Belgium
This authoritative Research Handbook presents, for the first time, a comprehensive overview of the most important research and latest trends in EU energy law and policy. It offers high-quality original contributions that provide state-of-the-art research in this rapidly evolving area, situated in the broader context of international economic law and governance.
worst an unsuccessful ‘normative power’. However, very few studies have analyzed the EU’s role from the recipients’ point of view: the southern neighboring countries themselves. This paper adopts an ‘outside-in approach’ and explores what the
southern neighborhood countries believe the EU should be or do. On the basis of a
set of 15 interviews with diplomats from the region and an analysis of 50 newspaper articles from the region on the EU’s relations with its southern neighborhood, this paper seeks to reveal the EU’s real ’added value’ for its southern Mediterranean
partners. To what extent does the EU’s own perceived role in its southern neighborhood match the role conception of those countries? Based on the three case studies of Algeria, Jordan and Egypt, the paper finds that there is a clear divergence in role conceptions between the EU and its southern partners. While the EU sees itself as a ‘force for good’ and promoter of norms and democracy in the southern Mediterranean region, the three countries primarily believe that the EU
perceives itself foremost as a provider of security and stability in the region, while they primarily expect it to act as a reliable partner for economic cooperation.
(sub-)regional integration efforts. Latin America is seen as the part of the world where the EU’s interregional agenda should bear the most fruit, since it shares the same values as the EU (democracy, human rights, nuclear non-proliferation and multilateralism) and has a strong will to counter its strong ties with the US. However, even though the EU adopted the same interregional strategy across different policy areas, the level of interregional interaction (and success) vary significantly. This paper argues that in the area of non-traditional security governance, the EU’s Latin American’s interregional approach has been successful in
achieving its own-set goals, however it hasn’t been able to enable a considerable impact on the situation on the ground.