Aim: This study aimed to report medicinal plants that are likely to be used in the control of sal... more Aim: This study aimed to report medicinal plants that are likely to be used in the control of salmonellosis. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Southern Benin. Semi-structured questionnaires were administered to 150 farmers and 100 traditional therapists in seven high municipalities. This step helped to collect plants that are used in the treatment of animal salmonellosis and typhoid fever in human. Results: The results revealed a low level of use of medicinal plants among breeders who prefer antibiotics such as oxytetracycline (53.55%), tylosine + sulfadimerazine (15.30%), and alphaceryl (19.13%). However, plants such as Moringa oleifera (leaves), Carica papaya (leaves and seeds), and Vernonia amygdalina (leaves) were mostly used by some farmers. From traditional therapists, 57 plant species of 32 families were identified as typhoid fever cures; among which Leguminosae, Asteraceae, and Euphorbiaceae were predominant. Persea americana (22.72%), V. amygdalina (7.57%), and Corchorus olitorius (7.57%) were the most cited by traditherapists for the treatment of typhoid fever in human. Conclusion: This study provides a database for further studies on the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of Benin plant species on Salmonella spp. These evaluations will guarantee the availability of new therapeutic solutions for populations.
Diarrheal and infectious diseases are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Wi... more Diarrheal and infectious diseases are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. With the emergence of multidrug resistant bacteria, the treatment of these diseases is problematic. This situation stresses the need to search for alternative antibacterial sources notably medicinal plants. The present study aimed to assess the antibacterial activity of three leafy vegetables commonly used to treat diarrheal diseases. Therefore, aqueous and hydro-ethanolic extracts of the leaves of Crateva adansonii, Vernonia amygdalina and Sesamum radiatum were prepared and tested against 12 clinical isolates and 4 reference strains. The antibacterial activities were measured using a microdilution method to determine the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration, Minimal Bactericidal Concentration and the antibiotic power. Susceptibility tests of the extracts were carried out using well diffusion method. The hydro-ethanolic extracts of the leaves of S. radiatum and C. adansonii and the aqueous extract of S. radiatum had an effective antibacterial effect on the clinical and reference strains isolates. This was supported by Minimal Inhibitory Concentration values ranging between 0.3125 and 5 mg/ml, Minimal Bactericidal Concentration between 0.3125 and 10 mg/ml, a bactericidal power on S. aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas mirabilis A 24974 (reference strains); Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholera and Salmonella Typhi (clinical isolates). For the active extracts, the inhibition zone diameters were significantly different (p<0.05) and greater than 9 mm. Extracts of the leaves of S. radiatum showed the best antibacterial effects on the clinical and reference strains isolates, although reference strains and most of the clinical isolates still more sensitive to antibiotics.
The aim of this study was to determine whether tuberculosis (TB) treatment normalizes the lipid p... more The aim of this study was to determine whether tuberculosis (TB) treatment normalizes the lipid profile strongly affected by pulmonary TB. Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) were determined in 83 patients with pulmonary TB before and after treatment, and compared to results obtained from 100 control subjects without TB. Before treatment, levels of TC (p<0.005), HDL-C (p<0.005) and LDL-C (p<0.005) were significantly lower in pulmonary TB patients than normal subjects. Unlike TC and LDL-C, HDL-C decrease was correlated (r = 0.96, p<0.05) with smear positivity extent (SPE). At the end of TB treatment, which lasted six months, TC (p<0.01) and HDL-C (p<0.005) levels were significantly increased than before treatment while LDL-C stayed relatively unchanged. The treatment significantly reduced the atherogenic indices TC/HDL-C (p<0.001), LDL-C/HDL-C (p<0.001) and log (TG/HDL-C) (p<0.001) levels. Our results show that tuberculosis treatment increases TC levels and normalizes HDL while reducing atherogenic indices to below levels of controls.
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the a... more This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues.
Les trompes utérines jouent un rôle très important dans la reproduction humaine. Elles peuvent êt... more Les trompes utérines jouent un rôle très important dans la reproduction humaine. Elles peuvent être facilement atteintes par diverses pathologies dont l'obstruction tubaire. La présente étude a permis de déterminer le taux d'obstructions tubaires dues aux infections et de relever les bactéries en cause à Cotonou. Pour ce faire, 111 femmes venues pour hystérosalpingographie (HSG) ont été soumises aussi à des prélèvements sanguins et cervicaux (bilans microbiologiques). Au total, 51,3% de femmes souffrent d'obstructions tubaires. La majorité d'entre elles (89,4%) a un âge compris entre 25 et 39 ans. Les germes banaux, les mycoplasmes et Chlamydia trachomatis ont été isolés dans respectivement 28,1%, 38,6% et 36,8% des cas. Les différents germes étudiés se retrouvent aussi bien chez les sujets souffrant d'obstructions tubaires que chez celles qui n'en souffrent pas. Les infections dues aux germes banaux, aux mycoplasmes et à C. trachomatis pourraient engendrer une obstruction tubaire, d'où l'intérêt d'un traitement correct de ces infections afin d'éviter qu'elles ne deviennent chroniques.
Traditional leafy vegetables are these plants whose leaves or aerial parts have been integrated i... more Traditional leafy vegetables are these plants whose leaves or aerial parts have been integrated in a community's culture for use as food over a long span of time. These vegetables are highly recommended due to their relatively high nutritional value compared to the introduced varieties, and are also important in food security. They are also used as medicines. This study aims to assess the potential cytotoxicity of S. macrocarpon, a vegetable highly used in Africa. After hatching shrimp larvae for 48 hours, they were brought into contact with aqueous dilutions of the leaves as well as fruit for 24 hours. The variation in larval mortality as a function of concentration has been translated by a curve and semi-lethal concentrations were determined. In addition, the values of the half-lethal concentration (LC50 = 1.33 mg / ml for leaves and 1.51 mg / ml for fruit) were all greater than 0.1 mg / ml, the upper limit of toxicity. It follows then that the leaves and fruits were not toxic on shrimp larvae for the range of explored concentrations. These parts of vegetable can therefore be used both in traditional medicine and nutrition without immediate or medium-term major risks. A., Odhiambo R.A. and Oketch-Rabah H., Medicinal plants used by Luo mothers and children in Bondo District, Kenya, J. Ethnopharma, 83, 39-54 (2002) 5. Assogba-Komlan F. and Anihouvi P., Pratiques culturales et teneur en éléments anti nutritionnels (nitrates et pesticides) du Solanum macrocarpum au sud du Bénin, AFJAND, 7(4), 01 -21 (2007) 6. Dougnon T.V., Edorh P.A., Bankolé H.S., Dougnon T.J., Montcho S.A., Hounkpatin A., Gouissi M., Sossou B., Boko M. and Creppy E.E., Evaluation of the toxicological quality of the leaves of Solanum macrocarpum L. cultivated with the chicken's droppings and water of marsh at
The micronutrient deficiencies are a form of malnutrition detrimental to the success of antiretro... more The micronutrient deficiencies are a form of malnutrition detrimental to the success of antiretroviral therapy. In order to assess the frequency of deficiencies in some trace elements among People Living with HIV (PLHIV) in Cotonou and their correlation with the degree of immunosuppression, a cross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2012. 93 patients aged of 37.56 years were interviewed and subjected to laboratory analysis. Chi 2 test allowed the statistical comparison of frequencies at significance level of 5%. The results showed 31.87% of low zinc content, 26.37% of hypo plasma copper and 46.43% deficit in serum iron. Zinc deficiency has been accompanied in 65.55% of cases of copper deficiency. Unlike iron, zinc and copper deficiency have not varied by gender. HIV positive with a CD4 count ≤ 200 cells / μL (group G4) are significantly affected by zinc deficiency (p = 0.008) and copper (p = 0.043) compared to those with CD4> 200 cells / uL (G3). Indeed, 51.85% of low zinc content in G4 against 23.44% in G3 was noted while 40.74% in plasma copper (G4) was noted against 20.31% in G3. But these correlations proved with a threshold of 200 CD4/μL were not observed when considering the reference of 350 CD4/μL. For iron, the differences observed between G4 (53.84%) and G3 (41.37%), and between G2 (51.11%) and G1 (38.46%) were not statistically significant (p = 0.245 and 0.289 respectively). These results suggest that it is imperative to improve the nutritional status of PLHIV including food supplements rich in trace elements.
Bleeding is the leading cause of early death and a post-traumatic major cause of maternal mortali... more Bleeding is the leading cause of early death and a post-traumatic major cause of maternal mortality worldwide. Although 80% of African people have used herbs to treat wounds, very little information is available about plants species with hemostatic properties. This study aims to contribute to a better knowledge of plants used for their hemostatic properties in southern Benin. Study Design: Ethnobotanical and survey study. 66 traditional healers in Southern Benin using the method by Semi Structured Interview (SSI). Results: We surveyed 55 species of medicinal plants belonging to 28 families. The most used species were: Musa sapientum L., Jatropha multifida L., Rauvolfia vomitoria Afzel., Annona muricata L., Macrosphyra longistyla DC. And Newbouldia leavis P. Beauv. The use of these plants is more common in postpartum hemorrhages (45.8%), scarification (22%), circumcision (13%) and snake bites (7%). Preparations administered orally (56.8%) or locally (43.2%) are most often in the form of various extraction products (latex sap or juice (31.9%), aqueous decoction (22.7%), aqueous maceration (17.6%) or powder (13.5%). The plant parts most frequently used are: leaves (38.2%), bark (23.6%), roots (12.7%) and latex (11.9%). Conclusion: The extracts of these plants could therefore be an attractive option given the urgency posed by hemorrhages.
Gomphrena celosioides is a plant used in traditional medicine for treating liver diseases. Tetrac... more Gomphrena celosioides is a plant used in traditional medicine for treating liver diseases. Tetrachloride Carbon (CCl 4 ) was used to induce liver toxicity on rats. This hepatotoxicity caused a significant rise in liver enzymes, bilirubin and liver cell damage. The different treatments with aqueous extract of Gomphrena celosioides (EAG) at a dose of 500 mg / kg of body weight (BW) and silymarin (SIL) recognized for its hepatotoxic properties at a dose of 300 mg / kg BW decreased levels of these parameters and repaired liver damage. Preventive treatment of animals with EAG and SIL have decreased the rate of serum transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin with a yield of 65.06% for EAG and 78.34% for SIL about alanine amino transferase (ALT). Curative treatment of animals with EAG and SIL have a yield of 56.35% to 70.45% against the EAG to SIL about the ALT. Hepatoprotective activity of EAG is more protective than curative and is comparable to SIL's activity. Possible mechanisms for this activity may be due to the action of antioxidants in flavonoids, present in the EAG.
Annona senegalensis (Leaves), Newbouldia laevis (Leaves), Cassytha filiformis (aerial part), Ciss... more Annona senegalensis (Leaves), Newbouldia laevis (Leaves), Cassytha filiformis (aerial part), Cissampelos mucronata (aerial part) are four species of medicinal plants commonly sold by herbalists in South Benin for treatment of bleeding.
Jatropha multifida L. is a plant widely used in traditional medicine in Benin including some vood... more Jatropha multifida L. is a plant widely used in traditional medicine in Benin including some voodoo ritual practices, to stop bleeding. In this study, we investigated in vitro haemostatic properties of the sap of J. multifida L. Morphological observations and determination of some biochemical and hematological parameters were performed on whole blood, plasma and serum before and after addition of sap. Results obtained showed sap contains tannins, flavonoids, saponins, leucoanthocyanes, mucilage and reducing compounds. When added to plasma or serum, proteins precipitated sap and led to (<1 s) their constitution network very quickly. On whole blood, the addition of sap led to an instantiated coagulation. Microscopic observations have revealed that cells have reached (<1 s) the protein network formed which led to the formation of a cell aggregate. Apart from fibrinogen, which was significantly reduced, other coagulation factors are not modified by sap. The sap has a proven hemostatic property and its mechanism of action is different from the cascade reaction of coagulation.
A pilot site at Glo, the market-gardening sites of Houeyiho, Fidjrosse and Agongbomey were includ... more A pilot site at Glo, the market-gardening sites of Houeyiho, Fidjrosse and Agongbomey were included in this study. Lead was required in the environment of culture of vegetable. With regard to the lead content in the droppings used for the amendment of the sites, the averages obtained in mg/kg are as follows: Glo (3.618 ± 0. 051); Houeyiho (0. 887 ± 0.017); Fidjrosse (1.921±0.079); Agongbomey (0. 696 ± 0. 048) (p< 0.05). Ground of Houeyiho (46.320 ± 0. 651) is more contaminated by lead in mg/kg than the other sites: Glo (5.189 ± 0.058); Fidjrosse (2. 544 ± 0.158), Agongbomey (12.154 ± 0. 529) (p< 0.05). Water of watering of the sites of study are slightly contaminated by lead in mg/l: Glo (0.017±0.002); Houeyiho (0.025±0.004); Fidjrosse (0.038±0.002), Agongbomey (0.024±0). All this is not without consequences on the contamination of the leaves of Solanum macrocarpum. Indeed, those of the pilot site of Glo are contaminated by lead with a value of 0.936 ± 0. 070 mg/kg compared to those of the sites of Agongbomey (0. 416 ± 0. 050 mg/kg) (p< 0.05); Houeyiho (1.178 ± 0. 250 mg/kg); Fidjrosse (1. 195 ± 0. 050 mg/kg).
This study has evaluated microbiological and toxicological qualities of water of watering in Coto... more This study has evaluated microbiological and toxicological qualities of water of watering in Cotonou. A pilot site at Glo-Djigbé, the market-gardening sites of Houeyiho, Fidjrosse and Agongbomey were included in the work. The salmonellas, Escherichia coli and cadmium were required in water of watering. On the whole, eight water samples of water were analyzed. Water of watering of the pilot site of Glo-Djigbé is not contaminated by Escherichia coli compared to those used at the sites of Houeyiho; Fidjrosse; Agongbomey. Cadmium is absent from all the samples. The study has showed that waters of watering used in urban agriculture in Cotonou are not good and could contaminate the culture, what could induce some diseases with populations.
The lake city of Ganvié is facing environmental problems. Indeed, the deposition of all kinds of ... more The lake city of Ganvié is facing environmental problems. Indeed, the deposition of all kinds of domestic and solid wastes, the fraudulent traffic of leaded gasoline through pirogues, the runoff waters from Cotonou city, and the effluents from Ouémé River are source of heavy metals contamination of the ecosystem. These toxic metals constitute a risk for this aquatic ecosystem through the chronic effects they are known to cause. The aim of this study is to assess the level of contamination of this ecosystem by heavy metals (lead and cadmium). Therefore, samples of water, sediment, and fish were collected and mineralized before their heavy metals (lead, cadmium) content were analysed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Thermo Orion assisted by Solar S2 software) at the laboratory of Management, Valorisation and Treatment of wastes, Lomé University (Togo). The results revealed high concentrations in lead and cadmium above the safety norms in most of the samples. The different values expressed in mg/kg (fish, sediments) or mg/L for water) are: 0.56 and 0.03 (water), 54.04 and 0.74 (sediment), 26.85 and 2.01 (fish) for lead and cadmium, respectively. These results have shown the pollution of Ganvié aquatic ecosystem by lead and cadmium.
Aim: This study aimed to report medicinal plants that are likely to be used in the control of sal... more Aim: This study aimed to report medicinal plants that are likely to be used in the control of salmonellosis. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Southern Benin. Semi-structured questionnaires were administered to 150 farmers and 100 traditional therapists in seven high municipalities. This step helped to collect plants that are used in the treatment of animal salmonellosis and typhoid fever in human. Results: The results revealed a low level of use of medicinal plants among breeders who prefer antibiotics such as oxytetracycline (53.55%), tylosine + sulfadimerazine (15.30%), and alphaceryl (19.13%). However, plants such as Moringa oleifera (leaves), Carica papaya (leaves and seeds), and Vernonia amygdalina (leaves) were mostly used by some farmers. From traditional therapists, 57 plant species of 32 families were identified as typhoid fever cures; among which Leguminosae, Asteraceae, and Euphorbiaceae were predominant. Persea americana (22.72%), V. amygdalina (7.57%), and Corchorus olitorius (7.57%) were the most cited by traditherapists for the treatment of typhoid fever in human. Conclusion: This study provides a database for further studies on the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of Benin plant species on Salmonella spp. These evaluations will guarantee the availability of new therapeutic solutions for populations.
Diarrheal and infectious diseases are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Wi... more Diarrheal and infectious diseases are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. With the emergence of multidrug resistant bacteria, the treatment of these diseases is problematic. This situation stresses the need to search for alternative antibacterial sources notably medicinal plants. The present study aimed to assess the antibacterial activity of three leafy vegetables commonly used to treat diarrheal diseases. Therefore, aqueous and hydro-ethanolic extracts of the leaves of Crateva adansonii, Vernonia amygdalina and Sesamum radiatum were prepared and tested against 12 clinical isolates and 4 reference strains. The antibacterial activities were measured using a microdilution method to determine the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration, Minimal Bactericidal Concentration and the antibiotic power. Susceptibility tests of the extracts were carried out using well diffusion method. The hydro-ethanolic extracts of the leaves of S. radiatum and C. adansonii and the aqueous extract of S. radiatum had an effective antibacterial effect on the clinical and reference strains isolates. This was supported by Minimal Inhibitory Concentration values ranging between 0.3125 and 5 mg/ml, Minimal Bactericidal Concentration between 0.3125 and 10 mg/ml, a bactericidal power on S. aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas mirabilis A 24974 (reference strains); Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholera and Salmonella Typhi (clinical isolates). For the active extracts, the inhibition zone diameters were significantly different (p<0.05) and greater than 9 mm. Extracts of the leaves of S. radiatum showed the best antibacterial effects on the clinical and reference strains isolates, although reference strains and most of the clinical isolates still more sensitive to antibiotics.
The aim of this study was to determine whether tuberculosis (TB) treatment normalizes the lipid p... more The aim of this study was to determine whether tuberculosis (TB) treatment normalizes the lipid profile strongly affected by pulmonary TB. Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) were determined in 83 patients with pulmonary TB before and after treatment, and compared to results obtained from 100 control subjects without TB. Before treatment, levels of TC (p<0.005), HDL-C (p<0.005) and LDL-C (p<0.005) were significantly lower in pulmonary TB patients than normal subjects. Unlike TC and LDL-C, HDL-C decrease was correlated (r = 0.96, p<0.05) with smear positivity extent (SPE). At the end of TB treatment, which lasted six months, TC (p<0.01) and HDL-C (p<0.005) levels were significantly increased than before treatment while LDL-C stayed relatively unchanged. The treatment significantly reduced the atherogenic indices TC/HDL-C (p<0.001), LDL-C/HDL-C (p<0.001) and log (TG/HDL-C) (p<0.001) levels. Our results show that tuberculosis treatment increases TC levels and normalizes HDL while reducing atherogenic indices to below levels of controls.
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the a... more This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues.
Les trompes utérines jouent un rôle très important dans la reproduction humaine. Elles peuvent êt... more Les trompes utérines jouent un rôle très important dans la reproduction humaine. Elles peuvent être facilement atteintes par diverses pathologies dont l'obstruction tubaire. La présente étude a permis de déterminer le taux d'obstructions tubaires dues aux infections et de relever les bactéries en cause à Cotonou. Pour ce faire, 111 femmes venues pour hystérosalpingographie (HSG) ont été soumises aussi à des prélèvements sanguins et cervicaux (bilans microbiologiques). Au total, 51,3% de femmes souffrent d'obstructions tubaires. La majorité d'entre elles (89,4%) a un âge compris entre 25 et 39 ans. Les germes banaux, les mycoplasmes et Chlamydia trachomatis ont été isolés dans respectivement 28,1%, 38,6% et 36,8% des cas. Les différents germes étudiés se retrouvent aussi bien chez les sujets souffrant d'obstructions tubaires que chez celles qui n'en souffrent pas. Les infections dues aux germes banaux, aux mycoplasmes et à C. trachomatis pourraient engendrer une obstruction tubaire, d'où l'intérêt d'un traitement correct de ces infections afin d'éviter qu'elles ne deviennent chroniques.
Traditional leafy vegetables are these plants whose leaves or aerial parts have been integrated i... more Traditional leafy vegetables are these plants whose leaves or aerial parts have been integrated in a community's culture for use as food over a long span of time. These vegetables are highly recommended due to their relatively high nutritional value compared to the introduced varieties, and are also important in food security. They are also used as medicines. This study aims to assess the potential cytotoxicity of S. macrocarpon, a vegetable highly used in Africa. After hatching shrimp larvae for 48 hours, they were brought into contact with aqueous dilutions of the leaves as well as fruit for 24 hours. The variation in larval mortality as a function of concentration has been translated by a curve and semi-lethal concentrations were determined. In addition, the values of the half-lethal concentration (LC50 = 1.33 mg / ml for leaves and 1.51 mg / ml for fruit) were all greater than 0.1 mg / ml, the upper limit of toxicity. It follows then that the leaves and fruits were not toxic on shrimp larvae for the range of explored concentrations. These parts of vegetable can therefore be used both in traditional medicine and nutrition without immediate or medium-term major risks. A., Odhiambo R.A. and Oketch-Rabah H., Medicinal plants used by Luo mothers and children in Bondo District, Kenya, J. Ethnopharma, 83, 39-54 (2002) 5. Assogba-Komlan F. and Anihouvi P., Pratiques culturales et teneur en éléments anti nutritionnels (nitrates et pesticides) du Solanum macrocarpum au sud du Bénin, AFJAND, 7(4), 01 -21 (2007) 6. Dougnon T.V., Edorh P.A., Bankolé H.S., Dougnon T.J., Montcho S.A., Hounkpatin A., Gouissi M., Sossou B., Boko M. and Creppy E.E., Evaluation of the toxicological quality of the leaves of Solanum macrocarpum L. cultivated with the chicken's droppings and water of marsh at
The micronutrient deficiencies are a form of malnutrition detrimental to the success of antiretro... more The micronutrient deficiencies are a form of malnutrition detrimental to the success of antiretroviral therapy. In order to assess the frequency of deficiencies in some trace elements among People Living with HIV (PLHIV) in Cotonou and their correlation with the degree of immunosuppression, a cross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2012. 93 patients aged of 37.56 years were interviewed and subjected to laboratory analysis. Chi 2 test allowed the statistical comparison of frequencies at significance level of 5%. The results showed 31.87% of low zinc content, 26.37% of hypo plasma copper and 46.43% deficit in serum iron. Zinc deficiency has been accompanied in 65.55% of cases of copper deficiency. Unlike iron, zinc and copper deficiency have not varied by gender. HIV positive with a CD4 count ≤ 200 cells / μL (group G4) are significantly affected by zinc deficiency (p = 0.008) and copper (p = 0.043) compared to those with CD4> 200 cells / uL (G3). Indeed, 51.85% of low zinc content in G4 against 23.44% in G3 was noted while 40.74% in plasma copper (G4) was noted against 20.31% in G3. But these correlations proved with a threshold of 200 CD4/μL were not observed when considering the reference of 350 CD4/μL. For iron, the differences observed between G4 (53.84%) and G3 (41.37%), and between G2 (51.11%) and G1 (38.46%) were not statistically significant (p = 0.245 and 0.289 respectively). These results suggest that it is imperative to improve the nutritional status of PLHIV including food supplements rich in trace elements.
Bleeding is the leading cause of early death and a post-traumatic major cause of maternal mortali... more Bleeding is the leading cause of early death and a post-traumatic major cause of maternal mortality worldwide. Although 80% of African people have used herbs to treat wounds, very little information is available about plants species with hemostatic properties. This study aims to contribute to a better knowledge of plants used for their hemostatic properties in southern Benin. Study Design: Ethnobotanical and survey study. 66 traditional healers in Southern Benin using the method by Semi Structured Interview (SSI). Results: We surveyed 55 species of medicinal plants belonging to 28 families. The most used species were: Musa sapientum L., Jatropha multifida L., Rauvolfia vomitoria Afzel., Annona muricata L., Macrosphyra longistyla DC. And Newbouldia leavis P. Beauv. The use of these plants is more common in postpartum hemorrhages (45.8%), scarification (22%), circumcision (13%) and snake bites (7%). Preparations administered orally (56.8%) or locally (43.2%) are most often in the form of various extraction products (latex sap or juice (31.9%), aqueous decoction (22.7%), aqueous maceration (17.6%) or powder (13.5%). The plant parts most frequently used are: leaves (38.2%), bark (23.6%), roots (12.7%) and latex (11.9%). Conclusion: The extracts of these plants could therefore be an attractive option given the urgency posed by hemorrhages.
Gomphrena celosioides is a plant used in traditional medicine for treating liver diseases. Tetrac... more Gomphrena celosioides is a plant used in traditional medicine for treating liver diseases. Tetrachloride Carbon (CCl 4 ) was used to induce liver toxicity on rats. This hepatotoxicity caused a significant rise in liver enzymes, bilirubin and liver cell damage. The different treatments with aqueous extract of Gomphrena celosioides (EAG) at a dose of 500 mg / kg of body weight (BW) and silymarin (SIL) recognized for its hepatotoxic properties at a dose of 300 mg / kg BW decreased levels of these parameters and repaired liver damage. Preventive treatment of animals with EAG and SIL have decreased the rate of serum transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin with a yield of 65.06% for EAG and 78.34% for SIL about alanine amino transferase (ALT). Curative treatment of animals with EAG and SIL have a yield of 56.35% to 70.45% against the EAG to SIL about the ALT. Hepatoprotective activity of EAG is more protective than curative and is comparable to SIL's activity. Possible mechanisms for this activity may be due to the action of antioxidants in flavonoids, present in the EAG.
Annona senegalensis (Leaves), Newbouldia laevis (Leaves), Cassytha filiformis (aerial part), Ciss... more Annona senegalensis (Leaves), Newbouldia laevis (Leaves), Cassytha filiformis (aerial part), Cissampelos mucronata (aerial part) are four species of medicinal plants commonly sold by herbalists in South Benin for treatment of bleeding.
Jatropha multifida L. is a plant widely used in traditional medicine in Benin including some vood... more Jatropha multifida L. is a plant widely used in traditional medicine in Benin including some voodoo ritual practices, to stop bleeding. In this study, we investigated in vitro haemostatic properties of the sap of J. multifida L. Morphological observations and determination of some biochemical and hematological parameters were performed on whole blood, plasma and serum before and after addition of sap. Results obtained showed sap contains tannins, flavonoids, saponins, leucoanthocyanes, mucilage and reducing compounds. When added to plasma or serum, proteins precipitated sap and led to (<1 s) their constitution network very quickly. On whole blood, the addition of sap led to an instantiated coagulation. Microscopic observations have revealed that cells have reached (<1 s) the protein network formed which led to the formation of a cell aggregate. Apart from fibrinogen, which was significantly reduced, other coagulation factors are not modified by sap. The sap has a proven hemostatic property and its mechanism of action is different from the cascade reaction of coagulation.
A pilot site at Glo, the market-gardening sites of Houeyiho, Fidjrosse and Agongbomey were includ... more A pilot site at Glo, the market-gardening sites of Houeyiho, Fidjrosse and Agongbomey were included in this study. Lead was required in the environment of culture of vegetable. With regard to the lead content in the droppings used for the amendment of the sites, the averages obtained in mg/kg are as follows: Glo (3.618 ± 0. 051); Houeyiho (0. 887 ± 0.017); Fidjrosse (1.921±0.079); Agongbomey (0. 696 ± 0. 048) (p< 0.05). Ground of Houeyiho (46.320 ± 0. 651) is more contaminated by lead in mg/kg than the other sites: Glo (5.189 ± 0.058); Fidjrosse (2. 544 ± 0.158), Agongbomey (12.154 ± 0. 529) (p< 0.05). Water of watering of the sites of study are slightly contaminated by lead in mg/l: Glo (0.017±0.002); Houeyiho (0.025±0.004); Fidjrosse (0.038±0.002), Agongbomey (0.024±0). All this is not without consequences on the contamination of the leaves of Solanum macrocarpum. Indeed, those of the pilot site of Glo are contaminated by lead with a value of 0.936 ± 0. 070 mg/kg compared to those of the sites of Agongbomey (0. 416 ± 0. 050 mg/kg) (p< 0.05); Houeyiho (1.178 ± 0. 250 mg/kg); Fidjrosse (1. 195 ± 0. 050 mg/kg).
This study has evaluated microbiological and toxicological qualities of water of watering in Coto... more This study has evaluated microbiological and toxicological qualities of water of watering in Cotonou. A pilot site at Glo-Djigbé, the market-gardening sites of Houeyiho, Fidjrosse and Agongbomey were included in the work. The salmonellas, Escherichia coli and cadmium were required in water of watering. On the whole, eight water samples of water were analyzed. Water of watering of the pilot site of Glo-Djigbé is not contaminated by Escherichia coli compared to those used at the sites of Houeyiho; Fidjrosse; Agongbomey. Cadmium is absent from all the samples. The study has showed that waters of watering used in urban agriculture in Cotonou are not good and could contaminate the culture, what could induce some diseases with populations.
The lake city of Ganvié is facing environmental problems. Indeed, the deposition of all kinds of ... more The lake city of Ganvié is facing environmental problems. Indeed, the deposition of all kinds of domestic and solid wastes, the fraudulent traffic of leaded gasoline through pirogues, the runoff waters from Cotonou city, and the effluents from Ouémé River are source of heavy metals contamination of the ecosystem. These toxic metals constitute a risk for this aquatic ecosystem through the chronic effects they are known to cause. The aim of this study is to assess the level of contamination of this ecosystem by heavy metals (lead and cadmium). Therefore, samples of water, sediment, and fish were collected and mineralized before their heavy metals (lead, cadmium) content were analysed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Thermo Orion assisted by Solar S2 software) at the laboratory of Management, Valorisation and Treatment of wastes, Lomé University (Togo). The results revealed high concentrations in lead and cadmium above the safety norms in most of the samples. The different values expressed in mg/kg (fish, sediments) or mg/L for water) are: 0.56 and 0.03 (water), 54.04 and 0.74 (sediment), 26.85 and 2.01 (fish) for lead and cadmium, respectively. These results have shown the pollution of Ganvié aquatic ecosystem by lead and cadmium.
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