Posters by Monia Barbieri
Papers by Monia Barbieri
Le quistioni nostre paletnologiche più importanti. Atti del Convegno di Studi in onore di Maria Bernabò Brea, pp. 229-239, 2019
Il lavoro intende presentare i primi risultati dello scavo condotto nella Terramara di Pragatto (... more Il lavoro intende presentare i primi risultati dello scavo condotto nella Terramara di Pragatto (BO) e illustrare il progetto di ricerca ad esso collegato. L’area oggetto d’indagine corrisponde ad una fascia ampia circa 7.000 mq coincidente con la porzione meridionale dell’abitato terramaricolo. Contestualmente all’inizio degli scavi si è costituito un gruppo di lavoro che ha inteso affrontare sin da subito le problematiche inerenti i dati geoarcheologici, archeobotanici (macroresti e microresti vegetali) e archeozoologici, nonché le prospettive di analisi delle tracce d’uso e dei residui su metalli, oggetti in materia dura animale, macro-lithic tools. La costituzione di tale gruppo è stata finalizzata non solo allo studio in laboratorio, ma anche all’affiancamento degli archeologi durante le indagini sul campo. Pertanto, oltre a definire a monte protocolli di azione per il corretto prelevamento dei campioni e il trattamento degli stessi e dei reperti mobili, nel corso degli scavi sono stati effettuati interventi mirati a fronte delle concrete esigenze emerse durante il progredire delle scoperte.
EXCAVATIONS AT THE TERRAMARA OF PRAGATTO (BOLOGNA, ITALY): FROM THE FIRST DATA TO THE RESEARCH PROJECT. The work aims to present the first results of the excavation conducted at the Terramara of Pragatto and illustrate the related research project. The area under investigation encompassed a wide strip of about 7,000 square meters corresponding to the southern portion of the settlement. The explorations, conducted by the Archeosistemi AR/S Cooperative, began in May 2016 and are currently being finalized. Excavation reached the settlements limits toward both east and west. In the western area, the archaeological stratigraphy resulted progressively decreasing and the presence of a natural slope suggested the existence, already in the Bronze Age, of a watercourse coinciding with the present-day Rio Carpineta. A more complex and articulated system of perimetric delimitation was instead defined in the eastern side, which included a moat, the edges of the embankments colluvium, and traces of a palisade and wooden gabions towards the inhabited area. Both structures, the palisade and the gabions, present a gap in correspondence with what could be interpreted as one of the accesses to the village and, although preserved only at the basal level, they appear strictly comparable with those discovered by Pigorini at Castione Marchesi. For what concerns the stratigraphy of the settlement, the materials collected on the surface after that agricultural works have removed the upper levels of the archaeological deposit, date the last occupation to the recent phases of the Bronze Age. The underneath deposit is fully preserved starting from levels dating to the Middle Bronze Age 3 \early Late Bronze Age and it has two distinct phases of well-characterized and regularly spaced heaped dumps. The basal level revealed the existence of a first settlement phase which, in the explored area, seems having included no dwellings, while long palisades delimitating empty areas, as well as holes and stumps, have instead been found. In parallel with the beginning of the excavations, a team was set up to address the research questions related to the geoarchaeological, palaeobotanical, palynological, and zooarchaeological data, as well as to explore potential analyses of metals, objects in animal hard tissues, and macro-lithic tools. The constitution of this team aimed not only at conducting laboratory analyses but also at supporting archaeologists during field investigations. Therefore, in addition to defining proactive protocols for the correct sampling and treatment of artifacts and samples, targeted interventions have been carried out during excavations in response of specific needs emerged during the progress of exploration.
Ocnus 29, 2021
In this study, we analyse and discuss some aspects of the production technology, function, and ci... more In this study, we analyse and discuss some aspects of the production technology, function, and circulation of the metal pins dated to the Middle and Recent Bronze Age (c. 1700/1650-1150 BC) in the territory comprised between western Emilia, Romagna, Verona lowlands and Lombardy plains. The remarkable number of pins (more than 1600), found in settlements and cemeteries since the 19th century, have been collected in a database, which allowed us to draw the distribution maps of 68 types. Through various experiments we investigated in detail the production process and identified which phases required more advanced knowledge/skills. Thanks to this approach, we were able to distinguish three degrees of complexity in the manufacturing process of pins, and to connect typological variability to technology. We therefore observed that some territorial districts, such as Verona lowlands, are characterized by a more significant presence of complex productions. By examining some of the 68 types, selected among those best documented and with a distribution that does not appear random, we advanced hypothesis on the areas of production and use of certain models, thus linking the aspects of technology to those of custom and mobility at the regional level.
Quaderni del Paleofestival, Volume I, Atti Primo incontro studio di archeologia sperimentale, La Spezia, Museo Archeologico del Castello di San Giorgio, 22 maggio 2016, 2017
I Pilastri della Terramara. Alle radici di economia, società e ambiente nel territorio di Bondeno, Volume 2 – Prima e Dopo lo Scavo, pp. 283-294. Treviso: Edizioni Antilia., 2021
Sino ad ora, dagli scavi della Terramara di Pilastri sono emerse nove punte di freccia in materia... more Sino ad ora, dagli scavi della Terramara di Pilastri sono emerse nove punte di freccia in materia dura animale (palco di cervo e osso): due erano state rinvenute nei saggi effettuati nel 1989 e sette nuove punte durante le ricerche condotte tra il 2013 e il 2018. Le caratteristiche formali e tecniche delle punte proiettili, piuttosto varie, sono considerate alla luce di due diverse possibili funzioni (caccia e guerra) come dell'evoluzione cronologica generale dei tipi. Il tipo più frequente, a testa piramidale con distinzione netta col peduncolo risulta essere la forma predominante in area padana per tutto il BM; le punte a tre e quattro alette sono forme tipiche del BM pieno e finale, mentre quelle a due alette, presenti a Pilastri con due esemplari, possono essere datate tipologicamente tra il BM2 all'inizio del BR. Il numero ridotto dei reperti trovati a Pilastri non consente di attribuire la perdita dei proiettili a uno specifico momento di vita del sito, sebbene essi compaiono in orizzonti relativamente tardi della sequenza insediativa.
The excavations at Pilastri, so far, unearthed nine arrow-heads made of hard animal materials (bone and deer antler) in various conditions. Two were found in the previous campaigns of 1989, and seven between 2013 and 2018. The author presents a complete catalogue. The chronological assignment to BM-early BR is confirmed. These arrow heads are well known in the contemporary terramare, and the length of the point, from 2,8 to 4,1 cm, also conform to their standards. The chapter describes these finds in terms of a relatively varied formal typology: the section of the point may be quadrangular - the so-called pyramidal heads-, round or triangular, or they may have two, three or four lateral fins, which made more difficult the extraction of the weapon from the wound. It is believed that these different types might have fulfilled different hunting or combat functions, but the evidence, so far, is scanty and does not support particular inferences. The evidence of unfinished points suggests that similar arrow-heads were manufactured on site.
Studi di Preistoria e Protostoria 3, 2018
In questo studio sono state prese in esame 39 forme di fusione in pietra conservate presso il Mus... more In questo studio sono state prese in esame 39 forme di fusione in pietra conservate presso il Museo Civico Archeologico Etnologico di Modena e provenienti da sei terramare del territorio provinciale, datate al Bronzo medio e Bronzo recente (metà XVII-metà XII sec. a.C.). Scopo di questo studio era individuare i tipi di roccia utilizzati dagli artigiani delle terramare e le possibili fonti di approvvigionamento della materia prima. È stato inoltre analizzato l'impiego dei diversi litotipi in relazione alle classi di oggetti che dovevano essere ottenute con le diverse forme di fusione.
In this study, 39 stone moulds preserved at the Civic Archaeological and Ethnological Museum of Modena (Northern Italy) and coming from six terramare of the provincial territory, dated to the Middle Bronze Age and the Late Bronze Age (mid 17th-mid 12th century BC) were examined. The purpose of this study was to identify the types of rock used by the craftsmen of the terramare and the possible sources of supply of the raw material. The use of the different lithotypes was also analyzed in relation to the classes of objects that had to be obtained with the different moulds.
Studi di Preistoria e Protostoria 3, 2018
This paper is an updated report on Bronze Age sites in the Panaro Valley (Modena, Emilia Romagna)... more This paper is an updated report on Bronze Age sites in the Panaro Valley (Modena, Emilia Romagna). Up to 2006 only 11 Bronze Age sites were known; thanks to a new survey project the number of sites now amounts to 17. New findings are mostly to be referred to the Middle and Late Bronze Age, which also represent the apex of the Terramare culture in the Po Valley. The area under investigation reveals a widespread distribution of settlements located in strategic positions for the control of the territory.
Preistoria e Protostoria in Etruria. Armarsi per comunicare con gli uomini e con gli Dei. Atti del XIII Incontro di Studi, Valentano, Pitigliano, Manciano settembre 2016, Edizioni del Centro Studi di Preistoria e Archeologia, Milano, 2018
In questo contributo si propone una classificazione tipo-cronologica delle punte di freccia in ma... more In questo contributo si propone una classificazione tipo-cronologica delle punte di freccia in materia dura animale provenienti dall’area palafitticolo-terramaricola, basata sulla catalogazione di 354 punte di freccia provenienti da 57 siti distribuiti tra Trentino, Lombardia orientale, Veneto centro-occidentale ed Emilia. Si propone inoltre un’ipotesi di interpretazione funzionale legata alle caratteristiche morfometriche dei manufatti, individuando a partire dalla fase centrale del Bronzo Medio, in area terramaricola, lo sviluppo di punte con alette che mirano ad impedire l’estrazione della freccia dal soggetto colpito, caratteristica da mettere probabilmente in relazione all’uso in guerra. Il fatto che in area padana le frecce non entrino a far parte del corredo funebre del guerriero non è da mettere in relazione alla loro perdita di importanza in ambito bellico rispetto alla fasi precedenti, bensì ad un ruolo non legato alla rappresentazione del rango del gruppo guerriero dominante all’interno del villaggio.
proceeding of the International Conference “Craft and People. Agent of skilled labour”, British Museum, London, November 1-2, 2012.
Experiencing visible and invisible metal casting techniques in the Bronze Age Italy, in Proceeding of the OpenArch Meeting Working with stones in European Pre- and Protohistory in theory and in practice", Albersdorf, 23-27 september 2013.
What we know about bronze age metalworking basically relies on finished artifacts and on stone, c... more What we know about bronze age metalworking basically relies on finished artifacts and on stone, clay or bronze implements involved in the process of manufacturing (tuyères, crucibles, moulds, hammers, chisels, etc.).
Moreover, evidences of structures for casting are extremely poor, at least in Italy, likely because of a lack of extensive excavations and the difficulty to clearly distinguish them from other kinds of firing structures, in absence of metalworking residuals.
The reconstruction of the whole technology of production therefore requires a strong effort of making and testing hypothesis, referring not only on autoptic observations on archaeological finds, but also on archaeometrical analysis and study of landscape, in order to identify possible sources of supply of raw materials.
In this work our aim is to deepen some aspects concerning archaeologically “visible” (stone mould production and casting), and “invisible” techniques (sword production) of metalworking in bronze age Italy, focussing on terramare area.
7th UK Experimental Archaeology Conference. January 10-11, 2013, published on EXARC online Journal, 2014 (1), 2014
This paper represents a part of a bigger project called “Smiths in Bronze Age Europe” carried out... more This paper represents a part of a bigger project called “Smiths in Bronze Age Europe” carried out by the Museo Civico Archeologico Etnologico di Modena within the frame of the OpenArch project, supported by the EU. Focus of the research is the Bronze Age technology, with particular regard to the Terramare culture which developed in southern Po Plain (Northern Italy) during the Middle-Recent Bronze Age (ca 1650-1150 BC). Major goal of the investigation is the reconstruction of the Bronze Age craftman’s knowledge, through the archaeological evidences concerning metallurgy (casting structures, crucibles, tuyères, moulds, working tools, slags, semifinished products and artifacts, etc.). The presentation will focus on casting processes related to different kinds of moulds involved in the production of different objects, especially axes and swords. Archaeological record seems to show a relative abundance of stone moulds for axes, while stone moulds for swords are quite rare. Consequently, it is possible to presume that stone moulds were used for relatively simple, small and functional objects while other techniques should have been employed for more complex and/or bigger objects, such as swords, which were also connected to the symbolic sphere. Through experimental archaeology the authors have tried to reproduce different casting techniques to verify their impact on the smiths work and to understand some specific aspects of the bronze age metallurgy.
BARBIERI M., LUGLI S. 2014, I ciottoli-segnacolo, in A. Cardarelli (a cura di), La necropoli della terramara di Casinalbo, Grandi Contesti e Problemi della Protostoria Italiana, 15, Firenze., 2014
A large number of stone moulds, dating to Middle and Late Bronze Age (approximately 1650-1150 BC)... more A large number of stone moulds, dating to Middle and Late Bronze Age (approximately 1650-1150 BC) has been found in Terramare sites since the 19th century. They were made to produce a wide range of bronze objects, such as ornaments, weapons and tools. Empirical observations of castingexperiments revealed that different types of stone do not give the same response to the heat of molten metal. This was the starting point for research that involved a team of geologists, archaeologists and craftsmen and had two principal aims: to identify the types of stone used by Terramare artisans and the possible supplying areas, and to reproduce one axe mould with the same stone chosen in the past to test its characteristics and verify the level of knowledge and skills required in this kind of production.
Lo studio petrografico di 39 forme di fusione in pietra provenienti dalle terramare del territori... more Lo studio petrografico di 39 forme di fusione in pietra provenienti dalle terramare del territorio modenese (Gorzano, Montale, Casinalbo, S. Ambrogio, Redù, Gaggio) e 57 forme di fusione e frammenti di roccia provenienti da insediamenti terramaricoli del territorio reggiano (Servirola, Torlonia, Monte Venera, Torretta), datati tra il Bronzo Medio e l'inizio del Bronzo Finale (XVI-XII sec. a.C.), ha consentito di identificare i litotipi utilizzati per la loro realizzazione: biocalcareniti, calcareniti, arenarie calcaree, arenarie di flysch. L'analisi geologica ha permesso inoltre di verificare la presenza di possibili fonti di approvvigionamento a pochi chilometri dai siti presi in esame più prossimi agli Appennini.
Conference Presentations by Monia Barbieri
12th Experimental Archaeology Conference, Exeter, March 29 - April 1, 2021, 2021
The Terramara Park of Montale was founded in 2004 starting from the excavations conducted between... more The Terramara Park of Montale was founded in 2004 starting from the excavations conducted between 1996 and 2001 and from the comparison with European models, which was adapted to the territorial reality of the site, a partially urbanized area, and to the estimate, which later turned out to be realistic, of a large turnout of visitors.
The identification of Bronze Age dwellings during the excavations provided substantial information for the life-size philological reconstruction of two houses, made using mainly attested materials and carrying out some work with tools faithfully reproduced from original models.
The methodology followed for the reconstructions however necessarily had to adapt to criteria determined by safety, accessibility and economic sustainability, which in some cases limited the application of a strictly philological criterion in the design and building of structures. In this sense, over time it has been necessary to carry out a series of maintenance interventions that found a compromise between philological aspect, economic sustainability and guarantee of enduring.
To favor a systematic and targeted approach to maintaining safety conditions of the structures, we proceeded to their constant monitoring and improvement with the methods of technique and technology of wood construction.
With this paper, we therefore intend to present an example of management of structures made with potentially perishable material, partly built experimentally but mainly for educational and dissemination, through interventions aimed at maintaining them over time respecting a certain conformity with ancient buildings and without altering the evocative impact for the public.
Uploads
Posters by Monia Barbieri
Papers by Monia Barbieri
EXCAVATIONS AT THE TERRAMARA OF PRAGATTO (BOLOGNA, ITALY): FROM THE FIRST DATA TO THE RESEARCH PROJECT. The work aims to present the first results of the excavation conducted at the Terramara of Pragatto and illustrate the related research project. The area under investigation encompassed a wide strip of about 7,000 square meters corresponding to the southern portion of the settlement. The explorations, conducted by the Archeosistemi AR/S Cooperative, began in May 2016 and are currently being finalized. Excavation reached the settlements limits toward both east and west. In the western area, the archaeological stratigraphy resulted progressively decreasing and the presence of a natural slope suggested the existence, already in the Bronze Age, of a watercourse coinciding with the present-day Rio Carpineta. A more complex and articulated system of perimetric delimitation was instead defined in the eastern side, which included a moat, the edges of the embankments colluvium, and traces of a palisade and wooden gabions towards the inhabited area. Both structures, the palisade and the gabions, present a gap in correspondence with what could be interpreted as one of the accesses to the village and, although preserved only at the basal level, they appear strictly comparable with those discovered by Pigorini at Castione Marchesi. For what concerns the stratigraphy of the settlement, the materials collected on the surface after that agricultural works have removed the upper levels of the archaeological deposit, date the last occupation to the recent phases of the Bronze Age. The underneath deposit is fully preserved starting from levels dating to the Middle Bronze Age 3 \early Late Bronze Age and it has two distinct phases of well-characterized and regularly spaced heaped dumps. The basal level revealed the existence of a first settlement phase which, in the explored area, seems having included no dwellings, while long palisades delimitating empty areas, as well as holes and stumps, have instead been found. In parallel with the beginning of the excavations, a team was set up to address the research questions related to the geoarchaeological, palaeobotanical, palynological, and zooarchaeological data, as well as to explore potential analyses of metals, objects in animal hard tissues, and macro-lithic tools. The constitution of this team aimed not only at conducting laboratory analyses but also at supporting archaeologists during field investigations. Therefore, in addition to defining proactive protocols for the correct sampling and treatment of artifacts and samples, targeted interventions have been carried out during excavations in response of specific needs emerged during the progress of exploration.
The excavations at Pilastri, so far, unearthed nine arrow-heads made of hard animal materials (bone and deer antler) in various conditions. Two were found in the previous campaigns of 1989, and seven between 2013 and 2018. The author presents a complete catalogue. The chronological assignment to BM-early BR is confirmed. These arrow heads are well known in the contemporary terramare, and the length of the point, from 2,8 to 4,1 cm, also conform to their standards. The chapter describes these finds in terms of a relatively varied formal typology: the section of the point may be quadrangular - the so-called pyramidal heads-, round or triangular, or they may have two, three or four lateral fins, which made more difficult the extraction of the weapon from the wound. It is believed that these different types might have fulfilled different hunting or combat functions, but the evidence, so far, is scanty and does not support particular inferences. The evidence of unfinished points suggests that similar arrow-heads were manufactured on site.
In this study, 39 stone moulds preserved at the Civic Archaeological and Ethnological Museum of Modena (Northern Italy) and coming from six terramare of the provincial territory, dated to the Middle Bronze Age and the Late Bronze Age (mid 17th-mid 12th century BC) were examined. The purpose of this study was to identify the types of rock used by the craftsmen of the terramare and the possible sources of supply of the raw material. The use of the different lithotypes was also analyzed in relation to the classes of objects that had to be obtained with the different moulds.
Moreover, evidences of structures for casting are extremely poor, at least in Italy, likely because of a lack of extensive excavations and the difficulty to clearly distinguish them from other kinds of firing structures, in absence of metalworking residuals.
The reconstruction of the whole technology of production therefore requires a strong effort of making and testing hypothesis, referring not only on autoptic observations on archaeological finds, but also on archaeometrical analysis and study of landscape, in order to identify possible sources of supply of raw materials.
In this work our aim is to deepen some aspects concerning archaeologically “visible” (stone mould production and casting), and “invisible” techniques (sword production) of metalworking in bronze age Italy, focussing on terramare area.
Conference Presentations by Monia Barbieri
The identification of Bronze Age dwellings during the excavations provided substantial information for the life-size philological reconstruction of two houses, made using mainly attested materials and carrying out some work with tools faithfully reproduced from original models.
The methodology followed for the reconstructions however necessarily had to adapt to criteria determined by safety, accessibility and economic sustainability, which in some cases limited the application of a strictly philological criterion in the design and building of structures. In this sense, over time it has been necessary to carry out a series of maintenance interventions that found a compromise between philological aspect, economic sustainability and guarantee of enduring.
To favor a systematic and targeted approach to maintaining safety conditions of the structures, we proceeded to their constant monitoring and improvement with the methods of technique and technology of wood construction.
With this paper, we therefore intend to present an example of management of structures made with potentially perishable material, partly built experimentally but mainly for educational and dissemination, through interventions aimed at maintaining them over time respecting a certain conformity with ancient buildings and without altering the evocative impact for the public.
EXCAVATIONS AT THE TERRAMARA OF PRAGATTO (BOLOGNA, ITALY): FROM THE FIRST DATA TO THE RESEARCH PROJECT. The work aims to present the first results of the excavation conducted at the Terramara of Pragatto and illustrate the related research project. The area under investigation encompassed a wide strip of about 7,000 square meters corresponding to the southern portion of the settlement. The explorations, conducted by the Archeosistemi AR/S Cooperative, began in May 2016 and are currently being finalized. Excavation reached the settlements limits toward both east and west. In the western area, the archaeological stratigraphy resulted progressively decreasing and the presence of a natural slope suggested the existence, already in the Bronze Age, of a watercourse coinciding with the present-day Rio Carpineta. A more complex and articulated system of perimetric delimitation was instead defined in the eastern side, which included a moat, the edges of the embankments colluvium, and traces of a palisade and wooden gabions towards the inhabited area. Both structures, the palisade and the gabions, present a gap in correspondence with what could be interpreted as one of the accesses to the village and, although preserved only at the basal level, they appear strictly comparable with those discovered by Pigorini at Castione Marchesi. For what concerns the stratigraphy of the settlement, the materials collected on the surface after that agricultural works have removed the upper levels of the archaeological deposit, date the last occupation to the recent phases of the Bronze Age. The underneath deposit is fully preserved starting from levels dating to the Middle Bronze Age 3 \early Late Bronze Age and it has two distinct phases of well-characterized and regularly spaced heaped dumps. The basal level revealed the existence of a first settlement phase which, in the explored area, seems having included no dwellings, while long palisades delimitating empty areas, as well as holes and stumps, have instead been found. In parallel with the beginning of the excavations, a team was set up to address the research questions related to the geoarchaeological, palaeobotanical, palynological, and zooarchaeological data, as well as to explore potential analyses of metals, objects in animal hard tissues, and macro-lithic tools. The constitution of this team aimed not only at conducting laboratory analyses but also at supporting archaeologists during field investigations. Therefore, in addition to defining proactive protocols for the correct sampling and treatment of artifacts and samples, targeted interventions have been carried out during excavations in response of specific needs emerged during the progress of exploration.
The excavations at Pilastri, so far, unearthed nine arrow-heads made of hard animal materials (bone and deer antler) in various conditions. Two were found in the previous campaigns of 1989, and seven between 2013 and 2018. The author presents a complete catalogue. The chronological assignment to BM-early BR is confirmed. These arrow heads are well known in the contemporary terramare, and the length of the point, from 2,8 to 4,1 cm, also conform to their standards. The chapter describes these finds in terms of a relatively varied formal typology: the section of the point may be quadrangular - the so-called pyramidal heads-, round or triangular, or they may have two, three or four lateral fins, which made more difficult the extraction of the weapon from the wound. It is believed that these different types might have fulfilled different hunting or combat functions, but the evidence, so far, is scanty and does not support particular inferences. The evidence of unfinished points suggests that similar arrow-heads were manufactured on site.
In this study, 39 stone moulds preserved at the Civic Archaeological and Ethnological Museum of Modena (Northern Italy) and coming from six terramare of the provincial territory, dated to the Middle Bronze Age and the Late Bronze Age (mid 17th-mid 12th century BC) were examined. The purpose of this study was to identify the types of rock used by the craftsmen of the terramare and the possible sources of supply of the raw material. The use of the different lithotypes was also analyzed in relation to the classes of objects that had to be obtained with the different moulds.
Moreover, evidences of structures for casting are extremely poor, at least in Italy, likely because of a lack of extensive excavations and the difficulty to clearly distinguish them from other kinds of firing structures, in absence of metalworking residuals.
The reconstruction of the whole technology of production therefore requires a strong effort of making and testing hypothesis, referring not only on autoptic observations on archaeological finds, but also on archaeometrical analysis and study of landscape, in order to identify possible sources of supply of raw materials.
In this work our aim is to deepen some aspects concerning archaeologically “visible” (stone mould production and casting), and “invisible” techniques (sword production) of metalworking in bronze age Italy, focussing on terramare area.
The identification of Bronze Age dwellings during the excavations provided substantial information for the life-size philological reconstruction of two houses, made using mainly attested materials and carrying out some work with tools faithfully reproduced from original models.
The methodology followed for the reconstructions however necessarily had to adapt to criteria determined by safety, accessibility and economic sustainability, which in some cases limited the application of a strictly philological criterion in the design and building of structures. In this sense, over time it has been necessary to carry out a series of maintenance interventions that found a compromise between philological aspect, economic sustainability and guarantee of enduring.
To favor a systematic and targeted approach to maintaining safety conditions of the structures, we proceeded to their constant monitoring and improvement with the methods of technique and technology of wood construction.
With this paper, we therefore intend to present an example of management of structures made with potentially perishable material, partly built experimentally but mainly for educational and dissemination, through interventions aimed at maintaining them over time respecting a certain conformity with ancient buildings and without altering the evocative impact for the public.