Ukraïna. Kulʹturna spadŝina, nacìonalʹna svìdomìstʹ, derzavnìstʹ, Dec 31, 2022
Схарактеризовано поширення на руських землях мілітарних середньовічних практик, подібних до попул... more Схарактеризовано поширення на руських землях мілітарних середньовічних практик, подібних до популярних у тогочасній Європі турнірних змагань. За мету поставлено розкрити суть та особливості «игри» як військової розваги руської еліти на основі опрацювання літописної спадщини. Тож унаслідок дослідження повідомлень Київського, Володимирського, Никонівського літописців встановлено, що «играми» позначали цілком конкретні військові забави, які, враховуючи контекст повідомлень, можна ототожнити з європейськими рицарськими турнірами. Проведено паралелі з терміном hastiludium, що буквально перекладається як «гра зі списами». Уперше дані про подібні змагання зафіксовано в літописному повідомленні 1150 р., коли угорські воїни в Києві демонстрували свою майстерність, чим дивували місцеве населення. Встановлено, що в галицько-волинській частині Іпатіївського літописного зведення «игри» декілька разів згадані як елітні розваги, зокрема у статтях за 1230 р. і 1252 р. Водночас обґрунтовано версію, що 1245 р. князь Ростислав Михайлович провів рицарський поєдинок під стінами Ярослава і травмувався, що стало для нього поганим знаменням. В історіографії подібні сутички прийнято називати терміном joust. Унаслідок порівняння літописних сюжетів встановлено, що на руських землях воїни також брали участь в «играх» верхи на конях (що вказує на елітарність цієї розваги), демонстрували свої вміння та вишкіл, використовували різну зброю, що призводило до отримання травм і навіть загибелі під час таких військових змагань. Відтак висунуто припущення про тотожність літописних «ігор» та середньовічного європейського hastiludium, що вказує на поширення рицарських розваг на землях передовсім Галицького князівства та Волині, принаймні на обізнаність місцевих книжників із цим явищем і введенням відповідних уривків до літописних викладів подій.
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Papers by Illia Parshyn
found in old Ukrainian and Russian chronicles. This term has already been the subject of analysis in the specialized dictionaries or medieval vocabularies. Although its origin or content has never been clarified in detail.
The authors attempted to make sense of this term by analyzing the Old Ukrainian written sources, which repeatedly use the outlined concept. First of all, the chronicles noted that for the first time the «фаръ» appeared in the story of 1150 when Hungarian knights made «tournament» in Kyiv. Although the next chronicles related to «фаръ» closely linked to the Hungarian factor, the paper rejects the thesis of the interpretation of the «фаръ» as purely Hungarian horses.
The article also analyzes the different spelling of the term «фаръ» in various sources of the 12th–early 16th centuries («faris», «farizh», «farzh» etc.). As stated, the term «фаревникъ» is a unique derivative word which means a rider on a skilled and expensive horse (mentioned in the Hypatian Codex of 1230). At the same time, the paper explores the use and definition of this concept in Western European chronicles. In particular, in the «Gesta Hungarorum» (by the anonymous notary of King Bela III) and «History of the Franks who captured Jerusalem» (by Raymond d’Agiles) we found some mentions about the object of our research.
That made it possible to compare the interpretation of this term in the old Ukrainian and Latin monuments. Also, special attention is paid to Byzantine sources, because in Old Ukrainian tradition some military aspects were associated with Greek plots. The authors attempted to single out the main characteristics of the «фаръ», and substantiate their semantic separation from ordinary horses in the chronicles and books of the 12th – early 16th centuries.
Key words: Antonio Bonfini, Romanovych’s state, Hungarian kingdom, Lviv, Rus’.
Scientific journal: Kniazha Doba: istorija i kultura. Lviv, 2014. Vol. 8. (in Ukrainian)
Topic: Did apostolic legates visit Halych-Volhinian State in the early XIV century?
This article deals with the problem of the short information of the authors of XV century (Polish chronicler Jan Dlugosz and Belgian medieval historian Cornelius of Zandvliet) about the arrival of the diplomatic mission of Pope Clement V to the King of Rus’ Yuri L’vovych in the early XIV century. It was found that these messages are erroneous . However, instead of “Rus’” in the pages of the chronicles authors mentioned “Raska”, the medieval Serbian state, whose ruler Stefan Uros II had diplomatic contacts with Rome. So, the historicity of the political relations of Pope Clement V and the rulers of Rus’ is questioned. The actual display of this process is currently not detected in the historical sources.
Malnutrition and illnesses always accompanied a man of the medieval epoch. Some experts even suggested that the powerful pandemics put an end to, in fact, the Middle Ages era, because a new society, which originated in the wreckage of the feudal “organism”, had already modern features.
The main idea of the article is to analyze the outbreaks of natural disasters (famine and epidemics) in Halych-Volhynian state during the 13–14th centuries. It was found that, in general, historical sources reported little information about social crisis caused by the lack of food or deadly diseases. The problem, it should be noted, is almost not reflected in Ukrainian historiography. The only highly specialized research on this issue is belonging to Ivan Krypiakevych, who distinguished the largest floods in Halych land in the old and early modern times. So, the testimonies of narrative sights (first of all, the Polish and Prussian medieval chronicles) about the appearance of locusts in ancient Ukrainian lands must be investigated.
As it was established, for the first time from a famishment Rus’ (Halych-Volhynian principality) suffered in 1219–1220 years. This information is known from local sources and “Chronicle” of Helvetian writer Cono. The crop failures periodically repeated in 1257, 1279 and, perhaps, 1315 years. The excerpt about the hunger in 1257 (from “Rocznik Krasińskich”) is very important, because it has no analogues in the chronicles of Rus’. But this Polish text captures original information on the medieval history. So, the mention of the unknown annalistic about the famine that struck Bohemia, Hungary, Rus’, Poland and other lands in 1257 may also belong to true historical facts. The famine of 1279 is noted in Ipatiivskyi codex. A short report about the starvation of 1315 got into Prussian Chronicles. The horrible hunger that has shaken Europe was connected, apparently, with difficult climate changes. On the basis of laconic remembrance it is difficult to establish which lands were devastated by a disaster. Perhaps, the Prussian chroniclers wrote about Novgorod or Polots’k. At the same time, a famine in 1315 could strike Halych and Volhinian lands. This problem is still unexplored.
The plague caused great damage to Rus’ during 1285–1286 years. Polish chronicler Jan Długosz thought, that Tatars cased the disease. They poisoned the water in Rus’, so locals died by using it. His version looks wrong. However, the force of plant or animal poison was clearly not enough to make flowing or standing water unsuitable for use. At the same time, the spread of a dangerous sickness could be a direct consequence of the difficult situation of the Galician-Volhynian state. The territory of principality became a battleground between Mongolian rulers. So, the disease that struck Rus’ and the surrounding land could have been caused by the fall of a corpse poison (rotting and decaying of dead bodies) into rivers or lakes, which indeed can make the reservoir a cell of infectious danger. Significant military destruction and losses in humans have contributed this process. After that, all news about the pestilence have been absent until the middle of the 14th century, when not only the territory of Halych and Volhyn principalities, but the whole medieval Europe were struck by the devastating pandemic of “the Black Death”. It is interesting, but the scale of the disaster was not great. We know about “the Black Death” only from the short note of the rewriter of Volhynian Psalter. So, the results of this investigation are important for the next research of the social history of medieval Ukrainian lands.
Key words: Halych-Volhynian state, famine, epidemic, society, Romanovych’s dynasty
ім. І. Крип’якевича НАН України та Інституту народознавства НАН України. – Львів, 2014. – 20 c.
Books by Illia Parshyn
часів середньовіччя.
CONTENTS
Yuliia BORZUN. Free love, asceticism and marriage in the era of the
High Middle Ages through the eyes of a woman: on the material of
Eloise's letters to Abelar
Ostap LAGOYDA. Social changes in England in the XIII century: from
Magna Carta to the creation of Parliament (1215–1265)
Lidiya MAZURCHAK. “Dušan's Code” as the source of the Serbian
Medieval law
Anna RUDNICHUK. Internal conflicts in German cities XIV–XV c. and
their consequences
Dmytro DYMYDYUK. The reasons of the military reforms of Marwan II
(744–750)
Sylwia MARSZALEK. Austrhálfa и Austrvegr ‒ Rus’ as an element of the
eastern part of the world of the medieval Scandinavians
Diana BUHAI. Historical portrait of Ragnar Lodbok: Source criticism
study
Mykola KOZAK. The last battle of Sviatoslav I Igorevich
Christian SKRYPKARU. Military campaigns of the Bulgarian king
Samuel on the territory of the Western Balkans in 997–
1014
Olga BABIY. The Byzantine-Pechenegs wars 1053–1072 in perception
John Skylitzes and Michael Attaleiates
Solomiya KOZAK. From the confrontation to the union: actual issues of
Rus` and Czech relations in the context of the war for the legacy of
Babenbergs (1246–1278)
Dmytro UDALOV. The genesis of the records on the fall of
Constantinople in 1453 in the narrative sources of Grand Duchy of
Moscow (second half of the XV – beginning of the XVI cc.)
Mykhaylo GAUKHMAN. The project of Arabic dates’ collection on Rus’
history by Volf Beilis and Viktor Kriukov: history of project, models of
researches and actuality for contemporary
NEWS OF MILITARY HISTORY
INFORMATION ABOUT THE AUTHORS
found in old Ukrainian and Russian chronicles. This term has already been the subject of analysis in the specialized dictionaries or medieval vocabularies. Although its origin or content has never been clarified in detail.
The authors attempted to make sense of this term by analyzing the Old Ukrainian written sources, which repeatedly use the outlined concept. First of all, the chronicles noted that for the first time the «фаръ» appeared in the story of 1150 when Hungarian knights made «tournament» in Kyiv. Although the next chronicles related to «фаръ» closely linked to the Hungarian factor, the paper rejects the thesis of the interpretation of the «фаръ» as purely Hungarian horses.
The article also analyzes the different spelling of the term «фаръ» in various sources of the 12th–early 16th centuries («faris», «farizh», «farzh» etc.). As stated, the term «фаревникъ» is a unique derivative word which means a rider on a skilled and expensive horse (mentioned in the Hypatian Codex of 1230). At the same time, the paper explores the use and definition of this concept in Western European chronicles. In particular, in the «Gesta Hungarorum» (by the anonymous notary of King Bela III) and «History of the Franks who captured Jerusalem» (by Raymond d’Agiles) we found some mentions about the object of our research.
That made it possible to compare the interpretation of this term in the old Ukrainian and Latin monuments. Also, special attention is paid to Byzantine sources, because in Old Ukrainian tradition some military aspects were associated with Greek plots. The authors attempted to single out the main characteristics of the «фаръ», and substantiate their semantic separation from ordinary horses in the chronicles and books of the 12th – early 16th centuries.
Key words: Antonio Bonfini, Romanovych’s state, Hungarian kingdom, Lviv, Rus’.
Scientific journal: Kniazha Doba: istorija i kultura. Lviv, 2014. Vol. 8. (in Ukrainian)
Topic: Did apostolic legates visit Halych-Volhinian State in the early XIV century?
This article deals with the problem of the short information of the authors of XV century (Polish chronicler Jan Dlugosz and Belgian medieval historian Cornelius of Zandvliet) about the arrival of the diplomatic mission of Pope Clement V to the King of Rus’ Yuri L’vovych in the early XIV century. It was found that these messages are erroneous . However, instead of “Rus’” in the pages of the chronicles authors mentioned “Raska”, the medieval Serbian state, whose ruler Stefan Uros II had diplomatic contacts with Rome. So, the historicity of the political relations of Pope Clement V and the rulers of Rus’ is questioned. The actual display of this process is currently not detected in the historical sources.
Malnutrition and illnesses always accompanied a man of the medieval epoch. Some experts even suggested that the powerful pandemics put an end to, in fact, the Middle Ages era, because a new society, which originated in the wreckage of the feudal “organism”, had already modern features.
The main idea of the article is to analyze the outbreaks of natural disasters (famine and epidemics) in Halych-Volhynian state during the 13–14th centuries. It was found that, in general, historical sources reported little information about social crisis caused by the lack of food or deadly diseases. The problem, it should be noted, is almost not reflected in Ukrainian historiography. The only highly specialized research on this issue is belonging to Ivan Krypiakevych, who distinguished the largest floods in Halych land in the old and early modern times. So, the testimonies of narrative sights (first of all, the Polish and Prussian medieval chronicles) about the appearance of locusts in ancient Ukrainian lands must be investigated.
As it was established, for the first time from a famishment Rus’ (Halych-Volhynian principality) suffered in 1219–1220 years. This information is known from local sources and “Chronicle” of Helvetian writer Cono. The crop failures periodically repeated in 1257, 1279 and, perhaps, 1315 years. The excerpt about the hunger in 1257 (from “Rocznik Krasińskich”) is very important, because it has no analogues in the chronicles of Rus’. But this Polish text captures original information on the medieval history. So, the mention of the unknown annalistic about the famine that struck Bohemia, Hungary, Rus’, Poland and other lands in 1257 may also belong to true historical facts. The famine of 1279 is noted in Ipatiivskyi codex. A short report about the starvation of 1315 got into Prussian Chronicles. The horrible hunger that has shaken Europe was connected, apparently, with difficult climate changes. On the basis of laconic remembrance it is difficult to establish which lands were devastated by a disaster. Perhaps, the Prussian chroniclers wrote about Novgorod or Polots’k. At the same time, a famine in 1315 could strike Halych and Volhinian lands. This problem is still unexplored.
The plague caused great damage to Rus’ during 1285–1286 years. Polish chronicler Jan Długosz thought, that Tatars cased the disease. They poisoned the water in Rus’, so locals died by using it. His version looks wrong. However, the force of plant or animal poison was clearly not enough to make flowing or standing water unsuitable for use. At the same time, the spread of a dangerous sickness could be a direct consequence of the difficult situation of the Galician-Volhynian state. The territory of principality became a battleground between Mongolian rulers. So, the disease that struck Rus’ and the surrounding land could have been caused by the fall of a corpse poison (rotting and decaying of dead bodies) into rivers or lakes, which indeed can make the reservoir a cell of infectious danger. Significant military destruction and losses in humans have contributed this process. After that, all news about the pestilence have been absent until the middle of the 14th century, when not only the territory of Halych and Volhyn principalities, but the whole medieval Europe were struck by the devastating pandemic of “the Black Death”. It is interesting, but the scale of the disaster was not great. We know about “the Black Death” only from the short note of the rewriter of Volhynian Psalter. So, the results of this investigation are important for the next research of the social history of medieval Ukrainian lands.
Key words: Halych-Volhynian state, famine, epidemic, society, Romanovych’s dynasty
ім. І. Крип’якевича НАН України та Інституту народознавства НАН України. – Львів, 2014. – 20 c.
часів середньовіччя.
CONTENTS
Yuliia BORZUN. Free love, asceticism and marriage in the era of the
High Middle Ages through the eyes of a woman: on the material of
Eloise's letters to Abelar
Ostap LAGOYDA. Social changes in England in the XIII century: from
Magna Carta to the creation of Parliament (1215–1265)
Lidiya MAZURCHAK. “Dušan's Code” as the source of the Serbian
Medieval law
Anna RUDNICHUK. Internal conflicts in German cities XIV–XV c. and
their consequences
Dmytro DYMYDYUK. The reasons of the military reforms of Marwan II
(744–750)
Sylwia MARSZALEK. Austrhálfa и Austrvegr ‒ Rus’ as an element of the
eastern part of the world of the medieval Scandinavians
Diana BUHAI. Historical portrait of Ragnar Lodbok: Source criticism
study
Mykola KOZAK. The last battle of Sviatoslav I Igorevich
Christian SKRYPKARU. Military campaigns of the Bulgarian king
Samuel on the territory of the Western Balkans in 997–
1014
Olga BABIY. The Byzantine-Pechenegs wars 1053–1072 in perception
John Skylitzes and Michael Attaleiates
Solomiya KOZAK. From the confrontation to the union: actual issues of
Rus` and Czech relations in the context of the war for the legacy of
Babenbergs (1246–1278)
Dmytro UDALOV. The genesis of the records on the fall of
Constantinople in 1453 in the narrative sources of Grand Duchy of
Moscow (second half of the XV – beginning of the XVI cc.)
Mykhaylo GAUKHMAN. The project of Arabic dates’ collection on Rus’
history by Volf Beilis and Viktor Kriukov: history of project, models of
researches and actuality for contemporary
NEWS OF MILITARY HISTORY
INFORMATION ABOUT THE AUTHORS