Clinical Psychology

The purpose of the study was to investigate the socio economic problems of 3rd gender. Convenience sampling method was used to select the required respondents in the District Peshawar. The sample size of our research was 50 respondents that were affected eunuchs. The results of the study revealed that Most of the respondents were illiterate, because they were culturally deprived and having low monthly income. Furthermore, Majority of the respondents was having the problem of social interactions and that the attitude of the society was harshly towards them, similarly they also have the problem of unemployment.

The current study intended to find out the role of resilience on perceived public stigma and burden among primary caregivers of the psychiatric patients. The current study highlighted the psychological health of caregivers. A cross sectional study was conducted in region of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan. A total of 250 caregivers participated in the study, whom 125 were male and 125 were female caregivers, age range was 25-60 years (M=31.61, SD=5.93). The data was collected from public and private hospitals.  Three scales were used for data collection. The resilience was measured through Urdu translated resilience scale, public stigma was assessed by using Urdu version of perceived public stigma, and Burden was measured through interview.  The result showed that resilience was negatively associated with burden and perceived public stigma (p< 0.01). Further, the multiple regression showed that resilience acted as moderator between public stigma and burden (? = -1.02, p< .0...

Background: Drug addiction is widely regarded as a pathological condition that involves the continued abuse of drugs in the development of drug-seeking behavior and a decrease in the ability to respond to naturally rewarding stimuli. Objective: To determine the frequency of relapse after opioid detoxification in drug addict patients. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was performed in psychiatry department of Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, PIMS, Islamabad, from October 2017 to April 2018. All adult patients who were using cannabis for at least 1 year, irrespective of gender ages between 18 to 60 years were included in the study. For drug use characteristics about preferred choice of drugs and injection-related risk behaviors were noted and analyzed. All findings were entered in a structured Proforma. Data was entered in SPSS version 21 and analyzed. Effects modifiers like age, gender, marital status, types of drugs, etc., were controlled by stratification. Post s...

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social deficits, communicative difficulties and repetitive behaviors, with evidence of cognitive dysfunction. Approximately 1% of the world’s population or 67 million are affected by autism. ASD is an emerging public health issue globally which is associated with a huge burden on the family, community and the nation. Objective: To determine the socio-demographic characteristics and related factors affecting children with ASD to help the government and relevant organizations to take necessary steps to reduce burden of the families. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from July 2015 to June 2016 among 154 children with ASD. Data were collected by face-to-face interview with semi-structured questionnaire following systematic random sampling technique. Results: Majority (73.4%) of the children were male and mean (±SD) age was 6.66±2.97 years. Most (88.8%) of the c...

Objective: Close relationships play an essential role in physical and psychological well-being. Yet, the mechanisms through which relationship factors may enable individuals to maintain overall health have not been widely explored. Aim of the present research is to examine the moderating role of attachment between emotion regulation and quality of sleep among university students. Method: The cross sectional and co relational research design was used to find out the moderating effect of attachment between emotion regulation and quality of life. G power software was used to compute sample size, and a total of 250 participants between the ages of 18 and 25 were chosen using the convenient sampling procedure. The information was gathered from two universities in Pakistan, one in Islamabad and the other in Rawalpindi. Participants' data was collected using the Demographic sheet, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA). The data was examined with SPSS version 25, and the degree of relationship was determined using the multiple regression tests. Results: The results of the current study suggest that Parents and Peer attachment have significant negative association with quality of sleep. Secondly, the significant positively associated with emotion reappraisal and negatively associated with emotional suppression among youth was found. Thirdly, the findings also demonstrated that significant association exists between emotional regulation and sleep quality. Conclusion: The current study concluded that the attachment plays a significant role in emotion regulation and sleep quality.

Background: Neuro-feedback treatment is a modern equipment therapeutic technique that uses a tool to provide information on the brain's function to help people change their brain function. Neuro-feedback therapy helps to enhance behavioral or cognitive mechanisms associated with brain function. Review question/objective: The goal of this study is to look at the effectiveness of neurofeedback therapy for people with autism spectrum disorders in a systematic way. The specific objectives are to identify how much the neurofeedback therapy showed the supporting evidence with autism spectrum disorders. The question in the review study is as follows: What is the efficacy of neurofeedback therapy in the treatment of autism spectrum disorders in infants, adolescents and adults. Methods: This review paper has included different study designed with and without control groups. The studies populations included different aged children, adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorders the different sampling techniques were used. They received the sessions of neurofeedback treatment. Children were tested before and after neuro-feedback training and contrasted with the use of a cognitive evaluation method examination. Conclusion: In the improvement of autism spectrum disorders, neuro-feedback therapy is effective.

The current study examines that how parents influence on secondary school student's subject selection and academic performance in different districts of Khyber Pukhtunkhawa, Pakistan. The cross sectional and correlational research design was use on a target population of 600 Secondary schools students. A simple random sampling procedure was used to select the sample size of 520 students. G Power software was used to choose the sample size. The "Parental Influence on Subject Selection and Student Academic Performance Questionnaire," which was given to students, was used to collect data. For each variable Section, the reliability index was 0.78, 0.82, 0.79, and 0.73. The analysis of the data was done using mean and standard deviation for research questions and Pearson Moment Correlation Coefficient and regression analysis for hypotheses testing. The study's findings revealed that there is no substantial association between parental subject selection influence and students' academic achievement, and that parental subject selection influence does not predict secondary school students' academic success.

The drug-dependent individuals face greater pressure of stigma among family and friends, work and life stresses, social integration, physical and mental dependency, loss of self-identity, nancial di culties, and lack of institutional assistance as compare to other groups. The negative feedback processing model of addiction indicates that the primary motive for sustaining addictive habits is to recover from negative feelings triggered by the negative external environment. Psychiatric illnesses such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder, substance misuse or dependence, or a combination of these diseases are signi cantly increased by exposure to t r a u m a t i c ex p e r i e n c e s , p a r t i c u l a r l y c h i l d h o o d maltreatment [1, 2, 3, 4]. Longitudinal studies show that these psychiatric illnesses can last for years (up to 40 years in one research) following trauma exposure and are less likely to respond to therapy [5-7]. One of the most prevalent psychosocial repercussions of childhood abuse is

The human body and mind need sleep tortes in physical and psychological well-being. Subjective sleep quality is de ned as people's perception of the depth of their sleep. It means just how well-relaxed one feels while waking, and their overall comfort with sleep [1]. Youth is a transitional phase in which physical, emotional, and social transformations are observed. Developmental studies have speculated; important life growth activity is the establishment of a close relationship with signi cant others [2,3]. Over the past recent years, the theory of attachment has been used as an important paradigm for interpreting different trends in psychological health. Analysis has found that the type of early attachment can affect human health habits and behavioral strategies in later life. In Pakistan, the population of young people (18-25 years of age) was estimated at around a 27million in 2000 and is predicted to rise, reaching 44.6 million in 2020 [4].

Sleep is a natural phenomenon and is vital for health Objective: To investigate the effect of
attachment with significant others one motion regulation and quality of sleep among youth was
to find out the impact of attachment with parents and peers on emotional regulation and sleep
quality. Methods: The cross-sectional co-relational design was used to find out the relation
between variables and the impact of one variable in the current study. The sample size was
calculated by G power, a total number of 250 participants with an age range of 18 to 25-year-old
were selected by using the convenient sampling technique. The data was collected from two
universities located in Islamabad and Rawalpindi Pakistan. Demographic Performa, Emotion
Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Inventory of Parent
and Peer Attachment (IPPA) were used to gather data from participants. The data was analyzed
using SPSS version 25, in which the Pearson's product-moment co relational test was applied to
check the degree of association. Results: The results of the current study suggest that Parents
and Peer attachment have a significant negative association with quality of sleep. Secondly, the
significant positively associated with emotion reappraisal and negatively associated with
emotional suppression among youth was found. Thirdly, the findings also demonstrated that a
significant association exists between emotional regulation and sleep quality. Conclusion: The
current study concluded that attachment plays a significant role in emotion regulation and
sleep quality.

This research study was conducted to know the after effects of Army Public School Terrorist on first responders in District Peshawar. Two types of first responder participated in the rescue and recovery process. First the trained emergency rescue service workers and 2 nd the untrained bystanders. This is a comparative study in which the responses of both types of first responders on impact of event scale are compared. A sample of 40 graduate participants, age ranges from 25-40 was taken, they were all males. Twenty of them were trained rescuers of operational category from Emergency Rescue Service for rescue 1122 Peshawar and the remaining twenty were those bystanders who participated and helped the rescue agencies during rescue and recovery process. The results supported the hypothesis of the study and a little differently was found. Results of the study were significant on 0.01 levels. Mild range of pot-traumatic stress disorder on Impact of Event Scale was found. From the literature and the results of the study it was concluded that the trained emergency rescue workers will be less affected as compare to untrained local community personals. The results may be generalized by studying other agencies working in emergency situations.

The current study was conducted to find out the level of depression and self-esteem among the preoperative and postoperative. Level of self-esteem and depression among post operative (mastectomy and lumpectomy) were also investigated. Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted at Institute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine (IRNUM) at the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Peshawar. 120 sample of breast cancer were selected. 60 were preoperative and 60 were postoperative breast cancer patients. Their age ranges from 26 years to 55 years. Purposive sampling technique was used in the study. Urdu version of self-esteem scale (1999) and Depression scales were used (1992). SPSS 21 version was used for data analysis. Results: It was hypothesized in the study that there is a significant negative correlation between self-esteem and depression in preoperative and postoperative Breast Cancer. The results also shows the negative correlation amongst self-esteem and depression in lumpectomy and mastectomy Breast Cancer patients. Conclusion: it was concluded that there is no significant difference between the degree of depression and self-esteem in preoperative, postoperative, mastectomy and lumpectomy patients.

Objective: To assess the risk factors associated with tonsillitis.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at Mardan Medical Complex and District Headquarter Hospital,
Mardan, Pakistan, from January to June 2018, and comprised tonsillitis patients. Data was collected using a
questionnaire which included different risk factors like age 1-10 years, gender, residential area, dietary habit etc.
Data was analysed using SPSS 20.
Results: Of the325 subjects, 200(61.54%), were clinically diagnosed with tonsillitis; 138(69%) being males. Age,
unhygienic living condition, balanced diet, stressful environment and the use of sore/spicy foods were identified as
significantly associated factors (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Age, unhygienic living condition, balanced diet, stressful environment and the use of sore/spicy food
were found to have a strong association with tonsillitis.

The current study was conducted to find out the level of depression and self- esteem among the preoperative and postoperative. Level of self-esteem and depression among post operative (mastectomy and lumpectomy) were also investigated. Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted at Institute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine (IRNUM) at the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Peshawar. 120 sample of breast cancer were selected. 60 were preoperative and 60 were postoperative breast cancer patients. Their age ranges from 26 years to 55 years. Purposive sampling technique was used in the study. Urdu version of self-esteem scale (1999) and Depression scales were used (1992). SPSS 21 version was used for data analysis. Results: It was hypothesized in the study that there is a significant negative correlation between self-esteem and depression in preoperative and postoperative Breast Cancer. The results also shows the negative correlation amongst self–esteem and depression in lumpectomy...

Dr. Qaiser Suleman1, Dr. Makhdoom Ali Syed2, Dr. Sadaf Zamir Ahmed3, Alam Zeb Khattak4, Dr. Razia Noreen5, Muhammad Saif Ullah Qureshi4, 1Principal, Elementary & Secondary Education Department Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. 2Department of Education, University of Kotli, Kotli, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan. 3Department of Humanities, Education, & Psychology, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 4Department of Psychology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 5Principal, Government Girls Higher Secondary School Bhedian Pattoki, Kasur, Pakistan.