Centre for Global Studies

This paper traces the evolution as well as key elements, and provides examples of implementation of participatory development and community-based conservation, two concepts that resemble distant cousins in the intersecting worlds of development assistance and environmental conservation. The paper examines the connections between the concepts, the implications of participatory development for community-based conservation, and the reasons for the differences in their conceptualization and implementation. The paper is based on a review of the literature in both fields and on the authors' research and experience with participatory development and community-based conservation. Several keys to understanding the disconnection between the concepts emerge; intellectual and pragmatic origins of and impetus for the concepts, the expertise and interests of their promoters, and the differing emphasis on participation as means versus end. Results may inform our understandings of why many participatory approaches to conservation have failed to achieve meaningful participation in practice.

This paper briefly surveys the membership of the Canadian Consortium of University Programs in International Development Studies (ccupids) to establish a perspective on the variety of institutional and intellectual contexts within which international development is studied in Canada. The paper then examines some of the institutional and intellectual challenges that currently influence the directions of debate in the field of International Development Studies (ids), such as challenges of location, progression, field, linkage, internationalization, globalization, and identity.L'article décrit brièvement un sondage mené auprès des membres du Canadian Consortium of University Programmes in International Development Studies (ccupids) afin de donner un aperçu des divers contextes institutionnels et intellectuels dans lesquels se déroule l'étude du développement international au Canada. Il examine ensuite quelques défis institutionnels et intellectuels qui influencent actuellement l'orientation des débats dans ce domaine d'études, par exemple: sa place dans la structure universitaire, l'avancement du corps professoral et la progression des études, le travail sur le terrain, l'établissement de liens, l'internationalisation, la mondialisation et l'identité.

This paper estimates income inequality in the People's Republic of China at the national, regional, and provincial levels using extrapolated unit-level household income data covering urban and rural populations of 23 provinces during 1990-2004. The estimates indicate that income inequality increased significantly during the last two decades, but the extent of the increases was lower than reported in most sources by about 20 percent when regional differences in cost of living are adjusted. The major sources of the increases in inequality were found to be within urban inequality and between urban and rural inequality, with their contribution increasing, respectively, from 15.7 and 12.0 percent in 1990, to 34.0 and 30.4 percent in 2004. The betweenregion and between-province inequality only accounted for 3.8 and 11.2 percent, respectively, in 2004.

This survey paper examines various information insufficiencies in biodiversity conservation and their impact of regulatory choices. We surveyed the literature in the field and identified four major types of informational insufficiencies in making efficient biodiversity conservation decisions: 1) biological uncertainty 2) natural uncertainty 3) individual information, and 4) monitoring problem. The consequences of these four types of information insufficiencies on the choice of regulatory tools are explored. We discuss in this context three types of regulatory tools: land takings, environmental fees/charges, and contracts. The efficiency of each type of regulatory tools is shown dependent on the specific informational constraints that the regulatory faces.

Development of flip-chip-on-glass (FCOG) assembly technology using anisotropic conductive adhesive/film (ACA/ACF) is currently underway to achieve fine pitch interconnections between driver IC and flat panel display. Conductive adhesives are characterized by fine-pitch capability and more environment compatibility. Anisotropic conductive adhesive/film (ACA/ACF) is composed of an adhesive resin and conductive particles, such as metallic or metal-coated polymer particles. In contrast to a solder type flip chip interconnection, the electric current passing through conductive particles becomes the dominant conduction paths. The interconnection between the particles and the conductive surfaces is constructed by the elastic/plastic deformation of conductive particles with contact pressure, which is maintained by tensile stress in the adhesive. Although loss of electric contact can occur when the adhesive expands or swells in the Z-axis direction, delamination and cracking can occur in the adhesive layer while the tensile stress is excessive. In addition to performing processing simulations as well as reliability modeling, this research investigates the contact force that is developed and relaxed within the interconnection during the process sequence by using nonlinear finite element simulations. Environmental effects, such as high temperature and thermal loading, are also discussed. Moreover, a parametric study is performed for process design. To improve performance and reliability, variables such as ACF materials, proper processing conditions are discussed as well. Furthermore, this study presents a novel method called equivalent spring method, capable of significantly reducing the analysis CPU time and make process modeling and contact analysis of the 3D ACA/ACF process possible.

We present the development of five fuzzy multiattribute decision-making methods. These methods are based on the analytic hierarchy process (original and ideal mode), the weighted-sum model, the weighted-product model, and the TOPSlS method. Moreover, these methods are examined in terms of two evaluative criteria. Computational results on test problems suggest that although all the methods are inaccurate, some of them seem to be more accurate than the others. The proposed evaluation methodology can easily be used in evaluating more fuzzy multiattribute decision making methods.

The bar, the barrier or wooden rail that marks off the space of the judges’ bench in courts of law, demarcates space so that the administration of justice acquires visibility; however, the manner in which the bar props up legal discourse in the period by inscribing linearity upon a space has not been explored. As one of law’s formal components, the bar works persuasively to enhance law’s exclusivity as a discipline and practice; yet, its operation within space is multi-faceted. Architectural theory has focused on form, and early discussions of lines or lineaments privilege a visual perspective over a broader ontological engagement with built environments. In this study of the workings of the material bar, I aim to move beyond a mere geometrical analysis of the bar’s placement in the early modern Inns of Court and drama to demonstrate how the production of legal space depends upon material and conceptual constructs that are not merely abstract or remote from the body. The bar, as I w...

This paper situates Richard Fung's auto-ethnographic video Sea in the Blood within the context of the personal illness narrative as a mode of political resistance which emerged alongside the movements of feminist health activism and global HIV/AIDS activism. I argue that as a critical illness narrative, which reads the experiences of transnational travel and migration in and through a narrative of illness, race, and sexuality, Sea in the Blood disrupts the genres of both the personal illness narrative and the imperial travel narrative while resisting the assimilative pull of what Charles L. Briggs calls the “political economy of communicability.“ Specifically, I argue that Fung resists cultural and political absorption using three primary strategies: the symbolics of blood, the juxtaposition of illness and travel narratives, and the tactics of misalignment, or the self-conscious use of contradictory narratives and competing modes of representation. Through these strategies, Sea in the Blood is installed as a form of revolutionary activism which comments on the historical pathologization of foreign bodies, and exposes the ways in which the medicalization of race underwrites the medicalized history of sexuality. Accordingly, Sea in the Blood inaugurates what might be thought of as a politics of incommunicability through the sensuous and metaphorical re/circulation of foreign bodies.

This essay intervenes in a debate that took place between French intellectuals Georges Didi-Huberman and Elisabeth Pagnoux and Gerard Wajcman following the inclusion of four photographs from Auschwitz in a Paris exhibition in 2001. Extending the famous controversy between Claude Lanzmann and Jean-Luc Godard on the unrepresentability of the Shoah, the debate centers on the role of the photographic image in remembering the Shoah. Departing from discourses of the unrepresentable, this paper reframes the iconoclastic impulse of Didi-Huberman’s critics, in which the four photographs appear as “symptoms of psychic resistance,” as a mode of enclosure that reflects the intersecting logics of capitalism and psychoanalysis. Drawing on Tony C. Brown’s discussion of Marx’s two models of presentation, I demonstrate that the photographs operate as metaphors of enclosure that function allegorically to expose contradictions between opposing modes and spaces of representation in the time of globalization. Ultimately, I argue that both the fetishization and the prohibition of the four photographs are structural effects of competing logics in which the enclosure of images is read as a symptom of psychic resistance.

This article considers the role of retreat in the time of global capital through an exploration of some of the major themes arising during the Banff residency, The Retreat: A position of dOCUMENTA(13), held in August 2012. These themes include the retreats of mastery, subjectivity, the protagonist, historical time, and the return of totality in response to the so-called crisis of capitalism.

During his visit to Hiroshima on May 27, 2016, the first ever to be made by a sitting U.S. president, Barack Obama claimed that " the memory of the morning of August 6, 1945, must never fade. " 1 Not only did he seek to preserve the memory of the dropping of the first atomic bomb beyond the last voices of the hibakusha, he framed this call for preservation in moral terms: " The scientific revolution that led to the splitting of an atom requires a moral revolution as well. " If his explicit claim is that the role of science in human atrocity can be mitigated by a renewed moral framework, the implicit message is that the practice of commemoration provides a symbolic ground for this renewed morality. Accordingly, the president's discourse of moral revolution not only affirms the largely apolitical, ahistorical nature of global memory culture, which tends to translate historical forms of exploitation into universal narratives of suffering, but it also obscures the slow violence of nuclear energy regimes by reducing nuclearity to the moment of explosion. In seeking to preserve the memory of atrocity, the moral revolutionary, however unwittingly, preserves the colonial logic of nuclear energy regimes by transforming the material exploitations of energy production into the universal grammar of commemoration. Against the idealism of the moral revolutionary, I want to recuperate the material dimensions of cultural memory and suggest that it might serve a different purpose in the context of postcolonial capital: to elucidate the materiality of an energy unconscious embedded in memory media. 2 Postcolonial capitalism here signifies the ways in which immaterial forms of accumulation and material forms of labour intersect in the colonial landscapes of global memory culture. My utilization of the term is meant to reflect the complex ways in which enclosures of knowledge and labor reinforce one another while contributing to new forms of accumulation through the aestheticization of colonial capital's material remains. 3 In my elaboration of the atomic unconscious of postcolonial capital, I adapt Michael Niblett's question regarding the mapping of energy regimes in relation to cultural media. Suggesting that patterns