Papers by Zeynep Tarçın Turgay
Uluslararası hakemli tasarım mimarlık dergisi, Dec 1, 2017
Öz: Amaç: Bu çalışma mekansal niteliklerin mekanların yere bağlılık bağlamında hatırlanması üzeri... more Öz: Amaç: Bu çalışma mekansal niteliklerin mekanların yere bağlılık bağlamında hatırlanması üzerindeki etkisini araştırmak amacıyla 77 adet 23-75 yaş arası İstanbul Erkek Lisesi mezunu ile yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Katılımcılar ile bireysel görüşmeler yapılarak duyuşsal ve sosyal bağlılık üzerinden hatırladıkları yerler sorulmuş; eğitim binasının mekansal bileşenlerinin işlevsel, imgesel kategorileri tanımlanmış, sentaktik erişilebilirlik ve görülebilirlik değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Mekanların duyuşsal/sosyal bağlılık üzerinden hatırlanma sayıları ile sentaktik değerleri arasındaki ilişki korelasyon testleri, işlevsel ve imgesel kategorilerin duyuşsal/sosyal bağlılık üzerinden hatırlanma sayılarının dağılımı çapraz tablolar ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Sosyal bağlılık bağlamında hatırlanma ile sentaktik erişilebilirlik/görülebilirlik değerleri arasında anlamlı ve pozitif yönlü ilişki görülmüştür (p < 0.05). Duyuşsal bağlılık bağlamında hatırlanma ile sentaktik erişilebilirlik/ görülebilirlik değerleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki görülememiştir (p > 0.05). Duyuşsal bağlılık bağlamında odak noktaları kategorisindeki dolaşım mekanları (%26) ve destek mekanları (%13) ile bölgeler kategorisindeki derslikler (%14); sosyal bağlılık bağlamında bölgeler kategorisindeki derslikler (%22) ve açık mekanlar (%21) ile odak noktaları kategorisindeki açık mekanlar (%16) ve destek mekanları (%14) hatırlanmıştır. Sonuç: İşlevsel nitelikler mekanların sosyal karakterini, deneyimlenme şeklini, mimari bileşenlerinin fiziksel özelliklerini ve bunlara bağımlı olan imgesel/sentaktik niteliklerini tanımlamaları nedeniyle hatırlanmayı en çok etkileyen faktörler olmuştur. Mekanın öne çıkan görsel/biçimsel özelliklerince tanımlanan imgesel niteliklerin duyuşsal bağlılık, mekanın geometrisi ve konfigürasyonu üzerinden tanımlanan sentaktik niteliklerin ise sosyal bağlılık üzerinde etkili oldukları görülmüştür. Çalışmanın sonuçları bağlamında yer-insan ilişkilerinin farklı boyutlarının farklı mekansal nitelikler ile ilişkilenmesi ve sentaktik niteliklerin bu kapsamda değerlendirilebilmesi önemli bulgulardır. Bu bulgular ayrıca yer-insan ilişkilerinin diğer bileşenlerini farklı yöntemler ile irdeleyen araştırmaların gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır.
Iconarp International J. of Architecture and Planning
While we humans exist in space through our bodies, we experience it via all our senses and build ... more While we humans exist in space through our bodies, we experience it via all our senses and build up an integrated knowledge of the world in our memories. However, children’s conception of the world differs from adults due to their developmental stages. This study aims to examine human-space interaction with a new approach to reveal the effects of sensory stimuli on children's perception and memory of space. The case study was conducted in a theme park that offers various sensory stimuli with particularly designed spaces and activities. For the behavioral data, the spatial preferences of the participants (33 children, age 10) were recorded during the tour, and for the memory data participants were asked to draw pictures (cognitive maps) afterwards. The data sets were redefined by the main sensory stimuli offered by the spatial units (spatial data), and the number of stimulus experiences and the number of stimulus recalls were analyzed comparatively. Contrary to popular belief, th...
ICONARPInternational Journal of Architecture and Planning, 2022
While we humans exist in space through our bodies, we experience it via all our senses and build ... more While we humans exist in space through our bodies, we experience it via all our senses and build up an integrated knowledge of the world in our memories. However, children’s conception of the world differs from adults due to their developmental stages. This study aims to examine human-space interaction with a new approach to reveal the effects of sensory stimuli on children's perception and memory of space. The case study was conducted in a theme park that offers various sensory stimuli with particularly designed spaces and activities. For the behavioral data, the spatial preferences of the participants (33 children, age 10) were recorded during the tour, and for the memory data participants were asked to draw pictures (cognitive maps) afterwards. The data sets were redefined by the main sensory stimuli offered by the spatial units (spatial data), and the number of stimulus experiences and the number of stimulus recalls were analyzed comparatively. Contrary to popular belief, the results show that (1) all of the senses take part in perception depending on the existing stimuli in the space, vision does not have any precedence; (2) the functioning of the senses during an experience changes depending on how much stimulus they are exposed to and how much the body participates in the perception process; (3) kinesthetic stimuli come to the fore as the best stored stimuli in memory, whereas the taste stimuli remain in the background as the least remembered ones. The case study group was limited, the subjective aspects of perception, and the age and gender differences that may exist are ignored. With the inclusion of age and gender factors precisely, this methodology could reveal promising alternatives for design methods and guide the production of all types of architectural spaces, including the children's spaces. This study proposes an original perspective that regards both the physical and social components of the space as the source of perception; and it attempts to make up for a deficiency by regarding the children who are mostly neglected in other studies, yet are active users of the space.
Öz: Amaç: Bu çalışma mekansal niteliklerin mekanların yere bağlılık bağlamında hatırlanması üzeri... more Öz: Amaç: Bu çalışma mekansal niteliklerin mekanların yere bağlılık bağlamında hatırlanması üzerindeki etkisini araştırmak amacıyla 77 adet 23-75 yaş arası İstanbul Erkek Lisesi mezunu ile yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Katılımcılar ile bireysel görüşmeler yapılarak duyuşsal ve sosyal bağlılık üzerinden hatırladıkları yerler sorulmuş; eğitim binasının mekansal bileşenlerinin işlevsel, imgesel kategorileri tanımlanmış, sentaktik erişilebilirlik ve görülebilirlik değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Mekanların duyuşsal/sosyal bağlılık üzerinden hatırlanma sayıları ile sentaktik değerleri arasındaki ilişki korelasyon testleri, işlevsel ve imgesel kategorilerin duyuşsal/sosyal bağlılık üzerinden hatırlanma sayılarının dağılımı çapraz tablolar ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Sosyal bağlılık bağlamında hatırlanma ile sentaktik erişilebilirlik/görülebilirlik değerleri arasında anlamlı ve pozitif yönlü ilişki görülmüştür (p < 0.05). Duyuşsal bağlılık bağlamında hatırlanma ile sentaktik erişilebilirlik/ görülebilirlik değerleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki görülememiştir (p > 0.05). Duyuşsal bağlılık bağlamında odak noktaları kategorisindeki dolaşım mekanları (%26) ve destek mekanları (%13) ile bölgeler kategorisindeki derslikler (%14); sosyal bağlılık bağlamında bölgeler kategorisindeki derslikler (%22) ve açık mekanlar (%21) ile odak noktaları kategorisindeki açık mekanlar (%16) ve destek mekanları (%14) hatırlanmıştır. Sonuç: İşlevsel nitelikler mekanların sosyal karakterini, deneyimlenme şeklini, mimari bileşenlerinin fiziksel özelliklerini ve bunlara bağımlı olan imgesel/sentaktik niteliklerini tanımlamaları nedeniyle hatırlanmayı en çok etkileyen faktörler olmuştur. Mekanın öne çıkan görsel/biçimsel özelliklerince tanımlanan imgesel niteliklerin duyuşsal bağlılık, mekanın geometrisi ve konfigürasyonu üzerinden tanımlanan sentaktik niteliklerin ise sosyal bağlılık üzerinde etkili oldukları görülmüştür. Çalışmanın sonuçları bağlamında yer-insan ilişkilerinin farklı boyutlarının farklı mekansal nitelikler ile ilişkilenmesi ve sentaktik niteliklerin bu kapsamda değerlendirilebilmesi önemli bulgulardır. Bu bulgular ayrıca yer-insan ilişkilerinin diğer bileşenlerini farklı yöntemler ile irdeleyen araştırmaların gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır.
Throughout the human experience, various memory systems code the environmental context with selec... more Throughout the human experience, various memory systems code the environmental context with selective processes and transfer these coded information to the long term memory. Long term spatial memory relates merely to the spatial information; and is studied through such concepts as schema, schemata, mental map or cognitive map in various disciplines. Many theories indicate that cognitive maps are the representations of real space ensuring the individual a total understanding of his/her environment. They are not reciprocal to real space and they constantly develop a multidimensional structure over topological relations where every point is connected to the other points like a net. Moreover, autobiographical memory researches revealed that recalling performance of an individual is dependent on the factors of age, life period and the elapsed time after the recalled experience. On the basis of these facts, two basic questions are asked: (1) if age and/or time are significant factors over...
A/Z : ITU journal of Faculty of Architecture
The settlements of Istanbul started with a colony in 7th century BC, continued with becoming a "W... more The settlements of Istanbul started with a colony in 7th century BC, continued with becoming a "World city" in the 4th century BC and still go on by being a global metropolis. During the 20th century; the outwards of the urban space were structured by the addition of new big scaled layers over privatized public lands or gecekondu areas rapidly. In the same time, the inner old settlement areas were structured by the slow articulation of fragmental layers over each other in long time periods. This multi-component/straticulate urban structure of the city, which allows and inspires various researches, is handled by the term "palimpsest" in some contemporary studies. Kocamustafapasa Neighborhood of Fatih County reflects the city's palimpsest character by enclosing the old urban processes' spatial and socio-cultural traces and functions as a temporal cross section for the citizens. In this study, Istanbul's palimpsest character's reflection over the urban space is scrutinized through a 25 years serving shop in Kocamustafapaşa: Neco Cornet Ice Cream. In the first section, Kocamustafapasa's history and current state is presented. In the second section; the development of ice cream sector in Turkey is assessed. In the third and fourth sections; the data obtained from the case study is presented and the sectorial position of the case study subject is evaluated. In conclusion, the findings about the structural qualities of the small scaled urban retail shops, Istanbul's palimpsest character are presented and potential contribution of similar researches to urban studies is emphasized.
IJARR, 2018
The notion of "being" is known as one of the initial problems of philosophy. Depending on its str... more The notion of "being" is known as one of the initial problems of philosophy. Depending on its structure and existence, the architectural object has a convenient position to be reviewed in this context. From Plato to present, the question of existence has changed its focus from the universe to the individual, and the attempt to define the answers continues in a dynamic way. Architecture can carry existential concerns within itself as an object produced by a subject in the current philosophical system in which the acquisition of knowledge evolved from mental processes to bodily processes in the period between Kant and Merlau-Ponty. From this point of view, it is possible to talk about the concept of body in philosophical foundation as existentially as well as the body of architectural structure. This paper searches the possibility to make an existential reading through the reviewing of architectural products. The basis of the study is the assumption that the architect's design decisions and the architectural object itself can create an existential posture and this phenomenon can resist in time with the awareness of the architect. In this regard, this paper attempts to discuss the selected works of Carlo Scarpa as an architectural discourse through phenomenological approaches. INTRODUCTION Philosophy and architecture have been in a strong relationship since the beginning of searching the meanings of self and the universe. Due to its natural structure, the architectural act is fed physically and conceptually from all other fields of knowledge and art. In this manner philosophical discourses are continuous tools for the forms of expression in architectural production. With the help of philosophical texts, the conceptual and intellectual approaches can be taken from the process of comprehension and interpretation of the architectural work by the state of the architect at the stage of production and the position of the experienced individual against the space or structure.
A| Z ITU Journal of the Faculty of Architecture, 2018
The settlements of Istanbul started with a colony in 7th century BC, continued with becoming a " ... more The settlements of Istanbul started with a colony in 7th century BC, continued with becoming a " World city " in the 4th century BC and still go on by being a global metropolis. During the 20th century; the outwards of the urban space were structured by the addition of new big scaled layers over privatized public lands or gecekondu areas rapidly. In the same time, the inner old settlement areas were structured by the slow articulation of fragmental layers over each other in long time periods. This multi-component/straticulate urban structure of the city, which allows and inspires various researches, is handled by the term " palimpsest " in some contemporary studies. Kocamustafapasa Neighborhood of Fatih County reflects the city's palimpsest character by enclosing the old urban processes' spatial and socio-cultural traces and functions as a temporal cross section for the citizens. In this study, Istanbul's palimpsest character's reflection over the urban space is scrutinized through a 25 years serving shop in Kocamustafapaşa: Neco Cornet Ice Cream. In the first section, Kocamustafapasa's history and current state is presented. In the second section; the development of ice cream sector in Turkey is assessed. In the third and fourth sections; the data obtained from the case study is presented and the sectorial position of the case study subject is evaluated. In conclusion , the findings about the structural qualities of the small scaled urban retail shops, Istanbul's palimpsest character are presented and potential contribution of similar researches to urban studies is emphasized.
ULUSLARARASI HAKEMLİ TASARIM VE MİMARLIK DERGİSİ, 2017
ÖZET / ABSTACT
Öz: Amaç: Bu çalışma mekansal niteliklerin mekanların yere bağlılık bağlamında hat... more ÖZET / ABSTACT
Öz: Amaç: Bu çalışma mekansal niteliklerin mekanların yere bağlılık bağlamında hatırlanması üzerindeki etkisini araştırmak amacıyla 77 adet 23-75 yaş arası İstanbul Erkek Lisesi mezunu ile yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Katılımcılar ile bireysel görüşmeler yapılarak duyuşsal ve sosyal bağlılık üzerinden hatırladıkları yerler sorulmuş; eğitim binası-nın mekansal bileşenlerinin işlevsel, imgesel kategorileri tanımlanmış, sentaktik erişilebilirlik ve görülebilirlik değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Me-kanların duyuşsal/sosyal bağlılık üzerinden hatırlanma sayıları ile sen-taktik değerleri arasındaki ilişki korelasyon testleri, işlevsel ve imgesel kategorilerin duyuşsal/sosyal bağlılık üzerinden hatırlanma sayılarının dağılımı çapraz tablolar ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Sosyal bağlı-lık bağlamında hatırlanma ile sentaktik erişilebilirlik/görülebilirlik de-ğerleri arasında anlamlı ve pozitif yönlü ilişki görülmüştür (p < 0.05). Duyuşsal bağlılık bağlamında hatırlanma ile sentaktik erişilebilirlik/ görülebilirlik değerleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki görülememiştir (p > 0.05). Duyuşsal bağlılık bağlamında odak noktaları kategorisindeki dolaşım mekanları (%26) ve destek mekanları (%13) ile bölgeler kategorisindeki derslikler (%14); sosyal bağlılık bağlamında bölgeler kategorisindeki derslikler (%22) ve açık mekanlar (%21) ile odak nok-taları kategorisindeki açık mekanlar (%16) ve destek mekanları (%14) hatırlanmıştır. Sonuç: İşlevsel nitelikler mekanların sosyal karakterini, deneyimlenme şeklini, mimari bileşenlerinin fiziksel özelliklerini ve bunlara bağımlı olan imgesel/sentaktik niteliklerini tanımlamaları ne-deniyle hatırlanmayı en çok etkileyen faktörler olmuştur. Mekanın öne çıkan görsel/biçimsel özelliklerince tanımlanan imgesel niteliklerin duyuşsal bağlılık, mekanın geometrisi ve konfigürasyonu üzerinden tanımlanan sentaktik niteliklerin ise sosyal bağlılık üzerinde etkili oldukları görülmüştür. Çalışmanın sonuçları bağlamında yer-insan ilişkilerinin farklı boyutlarının farklı mekansal nitelikler ile ilişki-lenmesi ve sentaktik niteliklerin bu kapsamda değerlendirilebilmesi önemli bulgulardır. Bu bulgular ayrıca yer-insan ilişkilerinin diğer bileşenlerini farklı yöntemler ile irdeleyen araştırmaların gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır.
/// Abstract:Aim: This study analyses effects of spatial characteristics on recalling a space through place attachment and conducted with 77 İstanbul High School graduates. Method: Participants were asked to write places they recalled through their affective and social attachments ; and the recalled school building was analyzed according to imageability categories, functional categories and syntactic measures. Relations of recalling through affective/social attachment with (1) syntactic characteristics were searched through correlation tests, and with (2) functional/imageability characteristics were searched through categories' recall counts and crosstabs. Results: Syntactic values and social recalling have positive significant correlation (p < 0.05); and syntactic values and affective recalling did not show any correlation (p > 0.05). Through affective attachment, circulation and service spaces in nodes (%26, %13) and classrooms in districts (%14); through social attachment, classrooms and open spaces in districts (%22, %21) and open spaces and service spaces (%16, %14) in nodes are recalled. Conclusion: Functional characteristics are regarded as the strongest factor on recalling depending on their preliminary effects over syntactic and imageability characteristics of spaces. Imageability characteristics defined by visual/morphological properties of spaces were effective on affective attachment; and syntactic characteristics defined by morphology and configuration of spaces were effective on social attachment. The findings present that different types of spatial characteristics were related to different dimensions of human-place relations and syntactic characteristics can be evaluated in this context. These findings also indicate the requisite of further studies searching the other components of human-place relations with different methods.
PROCEEDINGS 11th INTERNATIONAL SPACE SYNTAX SYMPOSIUM / 3. ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL COGNITION, 2017
Throughout the human experience, various memory systems code the environmental context with selec... more Throughout the human experience, various memory systems code the environmental context with selective processes and transfer these coded information to the long term memory. Long term spatial memory relates merely to the spatial information; and is studied through such concepts as schema, schemata, mental map or cognitive map in various disciplines. Many theories indicate that cognitive maps are the representations of real space ensuring the individual a total understanding of his/her environment. They are not reciprocal to real space and they constantly develop a multidimensional structure over topological relations where every point is connected to the other points like a net. Moreover, autobiographical memory researches revealed that recalling performance of an individual is dependent on the factors of age, life period and the elapsed time after the recalled experience. On the basis of these facts, two basic questions are asked: (1) if age and/or time are significant factors over the ongoing restructuring of the cognitive maps, and (2) how can we investigate and reveal the effect of these factors analytically? In this paper, the time factor on the structuring of cognitive maps is investigated through the participant's age and the spatial configuration of the represented space. Inspired from Kim and Penn's (2004) study, a methodology is designed over the spatial syntax analysis of the cognitive maps. The research group is composed of 52 male graduated students of a prominent secondary school, whom belong to three age ranges (23-39, 40-65 and 65-75) that regard to the three adulthood life periods. In order to collect the cognitive data, every participant is asked to draw a sketch of the ground floor of his school building in two Proceedings of the 11 th Space Syntax Symposium Z Tarcin Turgay & A Unlu How do Cognitive Maps Change in Time? Searching the Effect of Time on Cognitive Maps through Spatial Configuration and Long Term Memory Theories 2 successive sessions. Each cognitive map is analysed through its convex map (1) to define the number of recalled spatial units in each session, and (2) to calculate the syntactic values of depth, mean depth and syntactic step. The correlations show strong negative relations between the age and syntactic values, and between the age and contents of spatial units. These results approve the memory theories and show that age and time are significant factors over the restructuring of cognitive maps. In addition to that, this study presents that space syntax analyses are adaptive tools for spatial memory and autobiographical memory researches, most particularly for the one's that focuses on the time factor.
ICONARCH III, 2017
The notion examining the interaction between the individual and the physical setting is the conce... more The notion examining the interaction between the individual and the physical setting is the concept of perception, which is evaluated by Hall (1966) as the main competence that living organisms possess for survival. In this manner, perceptual product can be defined as the result of perceptual processes through which the stimuli from the environment are converted into cognitive data by the receptor cells of sense organs-mainly the eye. According to Pallasmaa (2005), the eye became the centre of the perceptual world through the invention of perspectival representation, which turned into a symbolic form both describing and conditioning perception. Also, such concepts as Merleau-Ponty's (2005) bodily experience, a classification of perceptual modalities, have been partly replaced by more holistic approaches, considering the experience as the most essential factor of the physical setting which is defined as the collection of cognitive data of individuals formed by various information processing circumstances (Downs and Stea, 2011). Cognitive mapping is the process of a mental representation which people acquire, code, store, recall and decode information about the relative location and attributes of the physical setting (Downs and Stea 2011). This imaged information includes impressions about structure or appearance of a place, its relative location, its use and its values. On the other hand, a specific place's structure, value and relative relations can be analysed in a more analytical way. Space syntax is a method for describing and analysing the relationships between spaces and a set of techniques for the representation, quantification, and interpretation of spatial relations in buildings and settlements. Contributing to this debate, this paper explores the cognitive data generated by sighted people in a non-visual bodily experience, as they are guided through " Dialogue in the Dark " , a thematic environment consisting of completely dark rooms equipped with scent, sound, wind and tactile simulations of a specific urban setting and syntactic relations of that space. In this regard, a two-step methodology is applied: the first step comprises cognitive data from the cognitive maps drawn by participants just after their experience, while the second one comprises existing spatial data revealed by syntactic analyses. Finally, the correlation between the cognitive frequencies of the experienced nodes in each cognitive map and the syntactic values of the setting are statistically analysed. 2 Statistical outcomes show that without vision, no correlation is found between the syntactic values and the frequency of spaces but, auditive and tactile characteristics of the spaces are significantly correlated with the frequencies of the spaces. In conclusion, the results show that spatial cognition without vision is mainly dependent on bodily experience of the self which is stimulated mostly by auditive and tactile senses, and also that the effect of the syntactic characteristics of the space derived from visual parameters loosens the ties with the notion of spatial cognition.
Mimarlık, 2017
The settlements of Istanbul started with a colony in 7th century BC, continued with becoming a “W... more The settlements of Istanbul started with a colony in 7th century BC, continued with becoming a “World city” in the 4th century BC and still go on by being a global metropolis. During the 20th century; the outwards of the urban space were structured by the addition of new big scaled layers over privatized public lands or gecekondu areas rapidly. In the same time, the inner old settlement areas were structured by the slow articulation of fragmental layers over each other in long time periods. This multi-component/straticulate urban structure of the city, which allows and inspires various researches, is handled by the term “palimpsest” in some contemporary studies. Kocamustafapasa Neighborhood of Fatih County reflects the city’s palimpsest character by enclosing the old urban processes’ spatial and socio-cultural traces and functions as a temporal cross section for the citizens.
In this study, Istanbul’s palimpsest character’s reflection over the urban space is scrutinized through a 25 years serving shop in Kocamustafapaşa: Neco Cornet Ice Cream.
In the first section, Kocamustafapasa’s history and current state is presented. In the second section; the development of ice cream sector in Turkey is assessed. In the third and fourth sections; the data obtained from the case study is presented and the sectorial position of the case study subject is evaluated. In conclusion, the findings about the structural qualities of the small scaled urban retail shops, Istanbul’s palimpsest character are presented and potential contribution of similar researches to urban studies is emphasized.
PROCEEDINGS 10th INTERNATIONAL SPACE SYNTAX SYMPOSIUM, 2015
The experience of the world that begins with the perception of the environment by human senses is... more The experience of the world that begins with the perception of the environment by human senses is followed by organized patterns of thoughts. This perceptual information is converted as memories which reach to the storage within a cognitive schema. Beginning from infancy, depending on the age and the stage of cognitive development, every individual continuously builds up a unique cognitive storage.
According to Piaget (1955), children, in the context of this constructive information approach, are not different from adults; they build schemata following their perceptual and cognitional processes. Their cognitive development helps them to cope with environmental stimuli and to behave in a more intellectual manner after the age of seven; which was defined as the last two stages of cognitive development. Because of the fact that cognitive development increases their capability of learning and recalling their environment, especially in the latter stages of their development it is expected from them to reflect more information in their cognitive maps.
Depending on this theoretical background within the scope of environment and behaviour theories, this article investigates how a thematic spatial layout for children influences their spatial cognitive schemata. An indoor theme park that presents temporal experience of a city life in a child scale is selected as the case study environment for this research. The layout of the theme park emphasized by
a city centre surrounded by children sized buildings functioned with various job professions, vehicles, landmarks and related equipment, which presents little participants mimicking adult activities like performing jobs, earning money, shopping or entertaining. This thematic world raises some questions
such as follows: How much do children remember the components of the environment? Are there any spatial components that are not remembered by any of the children? Does remembrance play role according to the syntactic values of spaces or the functions of spaces? How do children perceive this scaled environment and how much can they transfer it to their schemata?
The methodology is composed of three phases; first one is focused on behavioural data recorded by the parents tracking their children’s behaviour through the visit, second one is focused on cognitive maps created by each child as individual drawings, and third one is focused on existing spatial data which is revealed by syntactic analyses of the theme park to reach significant evaluations in terms of
integration, isovist perimeter and isovist area values.
Both the behavioural maps and cognitive maps of children are analysed and compared with the given spatial syntactic data to attain some significant results to generate an efficient debate on examining how such an environment can be associated with cognitive maps and behaviour of children. Thus, the research is projected to find out correlations between children’s behaviour, memory and syntactic values of a specific physical environment.
The settlements of Istanbul started with a colony in 7th century BC, continued with becoming a “W... more The settlements of Istanbul started with a colony in 7th century BC, continued with becoming a “World city” in the 4th century BC and still go on by being a global metropolis. During this period, the outwards of the urban space were structured by the addition of new big scaled layers over privatized public lands or gecekondu areas rapidly. In the same time, the inner old settlement areas were structured by the slow articulation of fragmental layers over each other in long time periods. This multi-component/straticulate structure of the city, which allows and inspires various researches is handled by the term “palimpsest” in some contemporary studies. Palimpsest refers to the existence of multiple and intermingled layers together in the context of a written paper, which is also true for the urban space.
Although this process seems like an uninterrupted renewing, Istanbul’s historical city settlements partially maintained their social, cultural, physical and economical qualities and managed to transfer the traces of their history to the present. Kocamustafapasa Neighborhood of Fatih County is one of these settlements that has got the chance to be a scene for many urban transformation movements and had gained a unique, clear and certain characteristic. Today the neighborhood encloses the old urban processes’ spatial and socio-cultural traces on the one hand, and functioning as a temporal cross section for the citizens with its long term serving consumption spaces are on the other. As a result, Kocamustafapasa appears to be a convenient urban place for a critical study about Istanbul’s palimpsest character.
Under the light of these reviews, the aim of this study is to present Istanbul’s multi-component/straticulate structure’s reflection over the small size urban consumption/service spaces. A twenty five year old ice cream shop in Kocamustafapasa was selected for the case study considering the scope of the long term serving retailer shops.
In the first section, Kocamustafapasa’s history and current state is presented over literature research and observational data. In the second section; the development of ice cream sector in Turkey is assessed over its relationships with Turkey’s economical and urban processes. In the third section; the data obtained from the case study is presented through five subtitles. In the fourth section, the sectorial position of the case study subject is evaluated according to its products, marketing, servicing forms and customer relations. In the last section, the findings about the structural qualities of the small scaled urban retail shops, Istanbul’s palimpsest character and their reciprocal relationship are presented.
As a secondary result, how and why these types of researches –focusing on small scaled urban public/semipublic spaces– may contribute to the contemporary urban studies is indicated.
Conference Presentations by Zeynep Tarçın Turgay
3 th International Congress of Multidisciplinary Social Sciences (ICMUSS2021), 2021
Spaces are environments experienced and interacted by all senses while living in. In this process... more Spaces are environments experienced and interacted by all senses while living in. In this process, the conceptualization of environmental character is a complex multi-sensory fusion of innumerable factors which are integrally grasped at once as an overall atmosphere, feeling or mood (Pallasma, 2014). On the other hand, cognitive development of children continues to be influenced and shaped by environmental characteristics; and this differentiates their spatial perception, experience, memory, and thus their conceptualization from adults. This study investigates the effects of sensory stimuli on children's spatial behavior and memory. In the case study, spatial preferences of 33 children in a theme park tour are recorded (behavioral data) and they were asked to draw a picture (memory data) afterwards. The data sets were redefined via sensory stimuli that are primarily offered by theme park spaces and compared over histograms. The findings showed that among the stimuli offered by the spaces, the primary senses -visual, auditory- are more effective than other senses on the participants' experience and recall of spaces. The overall results reveal that the effects of sensory stimuli on behavior and memory differ in the context of child space relationships; and that further studies based on perception and memory are required.
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Papers by Zeynep Tarçın Turgay
Öz: Amaç: Bu çalışma mekansal niteliklerin mekanların yere bağlılık bağlamında hatırlanması üzerindeki etkisini araştırmak amacıyla 77 adet 23-75 yaş arası İstanbul Erkek Lisesi mezunu ile yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Katılımcılar ile bireysel görüşmeler yapılarak duyuşsal ve sosyal bağlılık üzerinden hatırladıkları yerler sorulmuş; eğitim binası-nın mekansal bileşenlerinin işlevsel, imgesel kategorileri tanımlanmış, sentaktik erişilebilirlik ve görülebilirlik değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Me-kanların duyuşsal/sosyal bağlılık üzerinden hatırlanma sayıları ile sen-taktik değerleri arasındaki ilişki korelasyon testleri, işlevsel ve imgesel kategorilerin duyuşsal/sosyal bağlılık üzerinden hatırlanma sayılarının dağılımı çapraz tablolar ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Sosyal bağlı-lık bağlamında hatırlanma ile sentaktik erişilebilirlik/görülebilirlik de-ğerleri arasında anlamlı ve pozitif yönlü ilişki görülmüştür (p < 0.05). Duyuşsal bağlılık bağlamında hatırlanma ile sentaktik erişilebilirlik/ görülebilirlik değerleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki görülememiştir (p > 0.05). Duyuşsal bağlılık bağlamında odak noktaları kategorisindeki dolaşım mekanları (%26) ve destek mekanları (%13) ile bölgeler kategorisindeki derslikler (%14); sosyal bağlılık bağlamında bölgeler kategorisindeki derslikler (%22) ve açık mekanlar (%21) ile odak nok-taları kategorisindeki açık mekanlar (%16) ve destek mekanları (%14) hatırlanmıştır. Sonuç: İşlevsel nitelikler mekanların sosyal karakterini, deneyimlenme şeklini, mimari bileşenlerinin fiziksel özelliklerini ve bunlara bağımlı olan imgesel/sentaktik niteliklerini tanımlamaları ne-deniyle hatırlanmayı en çok etkileyen faktörler olmuştur. Mekanın öne çıkan görsel/biçimsel özelliklerince tanımlanan imgesel niteliklerin duyuşsal bağlılık, mekanın geometrisi ve konfigürasyonu üzerinden tanımlanan sentaktik niteliklerin ise sosyal bağlılık üzerinde etkili oldukları görülmüştür. Çalışmanın sonuçları bağlamında yer-insan ilişkilerinin farklı boyutlarının farklı mekansal nitelikler ile ilişki-lenmesi ve sentaktik niteliklerin bu kapsamda değerlendirilebilmesi önemli bulgulardır. Bu bulgular ayrıca yer-insan ilişkilerinin diğer bileşenlerini farklı yöntemler ile irdeleyen araştırmaların gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır.
/// Abstract:Aim: This study analyses effects of spatial characteristics on recalling a space through place attachment and conducted with 77 İstanbul High School graduates. Method: Participants were asked to write places they recalled through their affective and social attachments ; and the recalled school building was analyzed according to imageability categories, functional categories and syntactic measures. Relations of recalling through affective/social attachment with (1) syntactic characteristics were searched through correlation tests, and with (2) functional/imageability characteristics were searched through categories' recall counts and crosstabs. Results: Syntactic values and social recalling have positive significant correlation (p < 0.05); and syntactic values and affective recalling did not show any correlation (p > 0.05). Through affective attachment, circulation and service spaces in nodes (%26, %13) and classrooms in districts (%14); through social attachment, classrooms and open spaces in districts (%22, %21) and open spaces and service spaces (%16, %14) in nodes are recalled. Conclusion: Functional characteristics are regarded as the strongest factor on recalling depending on their preliminary effects over syntactic and imageability characteristics of spaces. Imageability characteristics defined by visual/morphological properties of spaces were effective on affective attachment; and syntactic characteristics defined by morphology and configuration of spaces were effective on social attachment. The findings present that different types of spatial characteristics were related to different dimensions of human-place relations and syntactic characteristics can be evaluated in this context. These findings also indicate the requisite of further studies searching the other components of human-place relations with different methods.
In this study, Istanbul’s palimpsest character’s reflection over the urban space is scrutinized through a 25 years serving shop in Kocamustafapaşa: Neco Cornet Ice Cream.
In the first section, Kocamustafapasa’s history and current state is presented. In the second section; the development of ice cream sector in Turkey is assessed. In the third and fourth sections; the data obtained from the case study is presented and the sectorial position of the case study subject is evaluated. In conclusion, the findings about the structural qualities of the small scaled urban retail shops, Istanbul’s palimpsest character are presented and potential contribution of similar researches to urban studies is emphasized.
According to Piaget (1955), children, in the context of this constructive information approach, are not different from adults; they build schemata following their perceptual and cognitional processes. Their cognitive development helps them to cope with environmental stimuli and to behave in a more intellectual manner after the age of seven; which was defined as the last two stages of cognitive development. Because of the fact that cognitive development increases their capability of learning and recalling their environment, especially in the latter stages of their development it is expected from them to reflect more information in their cognitive maps.
Depending on this theoretical background within the scope of environment and behaviour theories, this article investigates how a thematic spatial layout for children influences their spatial cognitive schemata. An indoor theme park that presents temporal experience of a city life in a child scale is selected as the case study environment for this research. The layout of the theme park emphasized by
a city centre surrounded by children sized buildings functioned with various job professions, vehicles, landmarks and related equipment, which presents little participants mimicking adult activities like performing jobs, earning money, shopping or entertaining. This thematic world raises some questions
such as follows: How much do children remember the components of the environment? Are there any spatial components that are not remembered by any of the children? Does remembrance play role according to the syntactic values of spaces or the functions of spaces? How do children perceive this scaled environment and how much can they transfer it to their schemata?
The methodology is composed of three phases; first one is focused on behavioural data recorded by the parents tracking their children’s behaviour through the visit, second one is focused on cognitive maps created by each child as individual drawings, and third one is focused on existing spatial data which is revealed by syntactic analyses of the theme park to reach significant evaluations in terms of
integration, isovist perimeter and isovist area values.
Both the behavioural maps and cognitive maps of children are analysed and compared with the given spatial syntactic data to attain some significant results to generate an efficient debate on examining how such an environment can be associated with cognitive maps and behaviour of children. Thus, the research is projected to find out correlations between children’s behaviour, memory and syntactic values of a specific physical environment.
Although this process seems like an uninterrupted renewing, Istanbul’s historical city settlements partially maintained their social, cultural, physical and economical qualities and managed to transfer the traces of their history to the present. Kocamustafapasa Neighborhood of Fatih County is one of these settlements that has got the chance to be a scene for many urban transformation movements and had gained a unique, clear and certain characteristic. Today the neighborhood encloses the old urban processes’ spatial and socio-cultural traces on the one hand, and functioning as a temporal cross section for the citizens with its long term serving consumption spaces are on the other. As a result, Kocamustafapasa appears to be a convenient urban place for a critical study about Istanbul’s palimpsest character.
Under the light of these reviews, the aim of this study is to present Istanbul’s multi-component/straticulate structure’s reflection over the small size urban consumption/service spaces. A twenty five year old ice cream shop in Kocamustafapasa was selected for the case study considering the scope of the long term serving retailer shops.
In the first section, Kocamustafapasa’s history and current state is presented over literature research and observational data. In the second section; the development of ice cream sector in Turkey is assessed over its relationships with Turkey’s economical and urban processes. In the third section; the data obtained from the case study is presented through five subtitles. In the fourth section, the sectorial position of the case study subject is evaluated according to its products, marketing, servicing forms and customer relations. In the last section, the findings about the structural qualities of the small scaled urban retail shops, Istanbul’s palimpsest character and their reciprocal relationship are presented.
As a secondary result, how and why these types of researches –focusing on small scaled urban public/semipublic spaces– may contribute to the contemporary urban studies is indicated.
Conference Presentations by Zeynep Tarçın Turgay
Öz: Amaç: Bu çalışma mekansal niteliklerin mekanların yere bağlılık bağlamında hatırlanması üzerindeki etkisini araştırmak amacıyla 77 adet 23-75 yaş arası İstanbul Erkek Lisesi mezunu ile yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Katılımcılar ile bireysel görüşmeler yapılarak duyuşsal ve sosyal bağlılık üzerinden hatırladıkları yerler sorulmuş; eğitim binası-nın mekansal bileşenlerinin işlevsel, imgesel kategorileri tanımlanmış, sentaktik erişilebilirlik ve görülebilirlik değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Me-kanların duyuşsal/sosyal bağlılık üzerinden hatırlanma sayıları ile sen-taktik değerleri arasındaki ilişki korelasyon testleri, işlevsel ve imgesel kategorilerin duyuşsal/sosyal bağlılık üzerinden hatırlanma sayılarının dağılımı çapraz tablolar ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Sosyal bağlı-lık bağlamında hatırlanma ile sentaktik erişilebilirlik/görülebilirlik de-ğerleri arasında anlamlı ve pozitif yönlü ilişki görülmüştür (p < 0.05). Duyuşsal bağlılık bağlamında hatırlanma ile sentaktik erişilebilirlik/ görülebilirlik değerleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki görülememiştir (p > 0.05). Duyuşsal bağlılık bağlamında odak noktaları kategorisindeki dolaşım mekanları (%26) ve destek mekanları (%13) ile bölgeler kategorisindeki derslikler (%14); sosyal bağlılık bağlamında bölgeler kategorisindeki derslikler (%22) ve açık mekanlar (%21) ile odak nok-taları kategorisindeki açık mekanlar (%16) ve destek mekanları (%14) hatırlanmıştır. Sonuç: İşlevsel nitelikler mekanların sosyal karakterini, deneyimlenme şeklini, mimari bileşenlerinin fiziksel özelliklerini ve bunlara bağımlı olan imgesel/sentaktik niteliklerini tanımlamaları ne-deniyle hatırlanmayı en çok etkileyen faktörler olmuştur. Mekanın öne çıkan görsel/biçimsel özelliklerince tanımlanan imgesel niteliklerin duyuşsal bağlılık, mekanın geometrisi ve konfigürasyonu üzerinden tanımlanan sentaktik niteliklerin ise sosyal bağlılık üzerinde etkili oldukları görülmüştür. Çalışmanın sonuçları bağlamında yer-insan ilişkilerinin farklı boyutlarının farklı mekansal nitelikler ile ilişki-lenmesi ve sentaktik niteliklerin bu kapsamda değerlendirilebilmesi önemli bulgulardır. Bu bulgular ayrıca yer-insan ilişkilerinin diğer bileşenlerini farklı yöntemler ile irdeleyen araştırmaların gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır.
/// Abstract:Aim: This study analyses effects of spatial characteristics on recalling a space through place attachment and conducted with 77 İstanbul High School graduates. Method: Participants were asked to write places they recalled through their affective and social attachments ; and the recalled school building was analyzed according to imageability categories, functional categories and syntactic measures. Relations of recalling through affective/social attachment with (1) syntactic characteristics were searched through correlation tests, and with (2) functional/imageability characteristics were searched through categories' recall counts and crosstabs. Results: Syntactic values and social recalling have positive significant correlation (p < 0.05); and syntactic values and affective recalling did not show any correlation (p > 0.05). Through affective attachment, circulation and service spaces in nodes (%26, %13) and classrooms in districts (%14); through social attachment, classrooms and open spaces in districts (%22, %21) and open spaces and service spaces (%16, %14) in nodes are recalled. Conclusion: Functional characteristics are regarded as the strongest factor on recalling depending on their preliminary effects over syntactic and imageability characteristics of spaces. Imageability characteristics defined by visual/morphological properties of spaces were effective on affective attachment; and syntactic characteristics defined by morphology and configuration of spaces were effective on social attachment. The findings present that different types of spatial characteristics were related to different dimensions of human-place relations and syntactic characteristics can be evaluated in this context. These findings also indicate the requisite of further studies searching the other components of human-place relations with different methods.
In this study, Istanbul’s palimpsest character’s reflection over the urban space is scrutinized through a 25 years serving shop in Kocamustafapaşa: Neco Cornet Ice Cream.
In the first section, Kocamustafapasa’s history and current state is presented. In the second section; the development of ice cream sector in Turkey is assessed. In the third and fourth sections; the data obtained from the case study is presented and the sectorial position of the case study subject is evaluated. In conclusion, the findings about the structural qualities of the small scaled urban retail shops, Istanbul’s palimpsest character are presented and potential contribution of similar researches to urban studies is emphasized.
According to Piaget (1955), children, in the context of this constructive information approach, are not different from adults; they build schemata following their perceptual and cognitional processes. Their cognitive development helps them to cope with environmental stimuli and to behave in a more intellectual manner after the age of seven; which was defined as the last two stages of cognitive development. Because of the fact that cognitive development increases their capability of learning and recalling their environment, especially in the latter stages of their development it is expected from them to reflect more information in their cognitive maps.
Depending on this theoretical background within the scope of environment and behaviour theories, this article investigates how a thematic spatial layout for children influences their spatial cognitive schemata. An indoor theme park that presents temporal experience of a city life in a child scale is selected as the case study environment for this research. The layout of the theme park emphasized by
a city centre surrounded by children sized buildings functioned with various job professions, vehicles, landmarks and related equipment, which presents little participants mimicking adult activities like performing jobs, earning money, shopping or entertaining. This thematic world raises some questions
such as follows: How much do children remember the components of the environment? Are there any spatial components that are not remembered by any of the children? Does remembrance play role according to the syntactic values of spaces or the functions of spaces? How do children perceive this scaled environment and how much can they transfer it to their schemata?
The methodology is composed of three phases; first one is focused on behavioural data recorded by the parents tracking their children’s behaviour through the visit, second one is focused on cognitive maps created by each child as individual drawings, and third one is focused on existing spatial data which is revealed by syntactic analyses of the theme park to reach significant evaluations in terms of
integration, isovist perimeter and isovist area values.
Both the behavioural maps and cognitive maps of children are analysed and compared with the given spatial syntactic data to attain some significant results to generate an efficient debate on examining how such an environment can be associated with cognitive maps and behaviour of children. Thus, the research is projected to find out correlations between children’s behaviour, memory and syntactic values of a specific physical environment.
Although this process seems like an uninterrupted renewing, Istanbul’s historical city settlements partially maintained their social, cultural, physical and economical qualities and managed to transfer the traces of their history to the present. Kocamustafapasa Neighborhood of Fatih County is one of these settlements that has got the chance to be a scene for many urban transformation movements and had gained a unique, clear and certain characteristic. Today the neighborhood encloses the old urban processes’ spatial and socio-cultural traces on the one hand, and functioning as a temporal cross section for the citizens with its long term serving consumption spaces are on the other. As a result, Kocamustafapasa appears to be a convenient urban place for a critical study about Istanbul’s palimpsest character.
Under the light of these reviews, the aim of this study is to present Istanbul’s multi-component/straticulate structure’s reflection over the small size urban consumption/service spaces. A twenty five year old ice cream shop in Kocamustafapasa was selected for the case study considering the scope of the long term serving retailer shops.
In the first section, Kocamustafapasa’s history and current state is presented over literature research and observational data. In the second section; the development of ice cream sector in Turkey is assessed over its relationships with Turkey’s economical and urban processes. In the third section; the data obtained from the case study is presented through five subtitles. In the fourth section, the sectorial position of the case study subject is evaluated according to its products, marketing, servicing forms and customer relations. In the last section, the findings about the structural qualities of the small scaled urban retail shops, Istanbul’s palimpsest character and their reciprocal relationship are presented.
As a secondary result, how and why these types of researches –focusing on small scaled urban public/semipublic spaces– may contribute to the contemporary urban studies is indicated.