Books by Carlos E . A . Coimbra, Jr
Cadernos de Saúde Pública , 2022
Como fruto de um ethos colaborativo entre pesquisadores de diferentes gerações, destaca-se a ampl... more Como fruto de um ethos colaborativo entre pesquisadores de diferentes gerações, destaca-se a ampla e diversificada literatura acadêmica produzida sobre o povo indígena Xavante. Porém, a grande maioria desses trabalhos está publicada em línguas que não o português, inclusive vários de autoria de pesquisadores brasileiros. Poucos são os trabalhos publicados originalmente em outras línguas que foram disponibilizados em português. Essa coletânea inclui uma seleção de textos sobre os Xavante, originalmente publicados em inglês de autoria de antropólogos e historiadores. Essa seleção vem preencher lacunas na literatura, existentes entre algumas monografias que consideramos clássicas e outros importantes artigos e capítulos já traduzidos para o português. Espera-se que o presente volume facilite, em particular, os estudantes Xavante, cada vez mais interessados em ler e conhecer o que a academia tem escrito sobre sua cultura e sociedade, muitas vezes publicado de maneira dispersa em revistas cientificas especializadas e de difícil acesso. Também deseja-se que esta coletânea estimule a pesquisa por parte de estudantes brasileiros em geral por conter, em um só volume, uma diversificada seleção de textos que abrange temas e aspectos da sociedade Xavante. Contudo, é importante enfatizar que este livro não se sustenta sozinho, ou seja, apenas complementa um conjunto de textos monográficos produzidos em épocas diferentes e com distintas abordagens, e que já estão disponíveis em português.
Papers by Carlos E . A . Coimbra, Jr
American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 1991
Land Use Policy, 2019
Indigenous and traditional peoples worldwide ignite vegetation to promote resource availability, ... more Indigenous and traditional peoples worldwide ignite vegetation to promote resource availability, diversity, and resilience. Their burning traditions are indispensable for sustenance, territorial management, and cultural expression. In some countries, Indigenous peoples are key partners in developing fire policies and interventions. The Brazilian federal government has recently undertaken pilot fire management projects with Indigenous participation, receiving praise for promising early results along with cautious criticism for inadequately incorporating local communities and perspectives. The Xavante ethnic group is well known for burning cerrado vegetation during large group hunts associated with ceremonial events. Despite growing academic and policy attention to Xavante burning practices, they continue to be leveraged for cultural shaming in the public sphere. In this article, we examine interconnections between human rights and fire ecologies, management, and restoration based on the case of two Xavante Indigenous reserves in Central Brazil. Whereas the Pimentel Barbosa reserve shows evidence of reforestation in conjunction with periodic hunting with fire, Marãiwatsédé has suffered a series of highly destructive uncontrolled fires since its recent Indigenous reoccupation after decades of management by commercial ranchers. These contrasting fire profiles are largely attributable to divergent histories of land appropriation and use, suggesting that effective fire control efforts should begin with territorial sovereignty and incorporate Indigenous and traditional communities as equal conservation partners. Grant, 2018). The ecological and policy value of Indigenous burning practices in
Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 2012
Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (ENSP/Fiocruz) has honored us with the invitation to occupy this joint po... more Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (ENSP/Fiocruz) has honored us with the invitation to occupy this joint position. First, we wish to express our heartfelt recognition for the work of Carlos Coimbra Jr., whose legacy will be difficult to surpass. Importantly, we have received a well-tuned executive staff, a group of dedicated Associate Editors, and unequivocal support from the Director of ENSP. When the former Editor-in-Chief of CSP stepped down after 20 years, a new phase began for the journal. We are three women, scientists, researchers working in the field of Public Health, with diverse academic backgrounds and personalities. Claudia Travassos, a specialist in health services research, has accompanied the journal for some 20 years. Marilia Sá Carvalho, an epidemiologist, works with various aspects of statistical modeling. Cláudia Medina Coeli, a professor at the Institute of Studies in Public Health at the Federal University in Rio de Janeiro (IESC/UFRJ), and also an epidemiologist, focuses principally on the use of secondary data in health research and evaluation. This format establishes the participation by a researcher from outside the Fiocruz faculty as one of the Editors-in-Chief and strengthens CSP as a channel for disseminating Brazilian and international scientific output in Public Health, without an exclusively in-house institutional approach. Over the course of the last 25 years, CSP has established itself as an important vehicle for publishing scientific production in Public Health. Our challenge is to ensure the continuity of this successful editorial project, promoting changes that further dynamize the journal's relationship with the field. Our first change has been to expand the body of Associate Editors in order to deal with the growing number of article submissions and the diversity of themes. Other changes, currently under discussion, include the introduction of new journal sections and editorial technologies to enhance interaction with and among researchers and especially with society at large. We have spent the last month learning how to be editors and honing our approaches. We do not intend to become three separate Editors-in-Chief, each focusing on a specific theme or set of themes, but rather editors of CSP as a whole, embracing Public Health's rich diversity. The excellent work by the Associate Editors guarantees the appropriate treatment of each theme's specificity, no matter how complex and at times thorny some reviews and assessments may be. Meanwhile, the editorial process receives support through critical and detailed assessment by numerous consultants who collaborate on a daily basis to make the journal possible. We currently receive some 35 new manuscripts a week and publish 15 to 20 articles per month. Such statistics illustrate the intensity of the field's scientific output and the painstaking editorial work involved in publishing a monthly science journal in Brazil. The authors are the main actors in the history of CSP. Our project is to consolidate Cadernos de Saúde Pública as a vehicle for expressing the dynamics of Public Health, and we are grateful for having been entrusted with this task.
Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 2014
A configuração atual da saúde dos povos indígenas no Brasil resulta de complexa trajetória histór... more A configuração atual da saúde dos povos indígenas no Brasil resulta de complexa trajetória histórica, responsável por grandes atrasos para os indígenas em relação aos avanços sociais verificados no país ao longo das últimas décadas, particularmente nos campos da saúde, educação, habitação e saneamento. O principal foco dessa contribuição é rever sinteticamente uma seleção dos principais resultados do I Inquérito Nacional de Saúde e Nutrição Indígena, realizado entre 2008-2009, e que visitou 113 aldeias em todo o país, tendo entrevistado 6.692 mulheres e 6.128 crianças. Dentre os resultados, é dado destaque às deficientes condições de saneamento verificadas nas aldeias, à elevada prevalência de desnutrição crônica, anemia, diarreia e infecções respiratórias agudas na criança, e à emergência de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis na mulher. O cenário delineado a partir do Inquérito impõe urgente revisão crítica da política de saúde indígena, com vistas a melhor atender às necessidades...
Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil , 2023
Objectives: to characterize the nutritional status of indigenous children underfive years of age ... more Objectives: to characterize the nutritional status of indigenous children underfive years of age living in rural communities in the Upper Solimões River region, inhabited by seven ethnic groups, based on data of december 2013. Methods: weight and height data extracted from SISVAN-I (Indigenous Food and Nutritional Surveillance System) forms filled in 2013 for 7,520 children (86.0% of the estimated children in this age group). The indices height-forage (H/A), weight-forage (W/A), weight-for-height(W/H), and body mass index-forage (BMI/A) were calculated. Growth reference curves proposed by the World Health Organization were used to calculate z-scores. Results: the height-forage (H/A) index presented the lowest mean z-score values, reaching −1.95 among children between 36 and 60 months. Mean z-score values for the weight-forage (W/A) index also remained below zero. Mean z-score values for the indices weight-for-height (W/H) and body mass index-forage (BMI/A) remained slightly above zero, reaching a maximum value of 0.5. Of all children, 45.7% presented low H/A, 9.6% presented low W/A, 4.5% presented low W/H, and 10.7% presented overweight based on BMI/A. Conclusion: our analysis show that in 2013 poor nutritional status persisted as an important health issue among these rural indigenous children.
Victims of epidemics, slavery, genocide, and countless other episodes of violence during the colo... more Victims of epidemics, slavery, genocide, and countless other episodes of violence during the colonial enterprise in Brazil, which continues decades into the 21st century in some regions, Indigenous peoples face health inequities resulting from a five-century history of social marginalization and vulnerability. Since the late 1990s, the health and well-being of Indigenous peoples in the country have benefited from progressive legislation that values sociocultural diversity within a public primary healthcare subsystem attending to Indigenous peoples living in federal Indigenous lands. However, these transcultural ideals remain elusive in practice. The Indigenous Healthcare Subsystem continues to suffer from numerous systemic problems, including low quality of local services, lack of health professional training for work in intercultural contexts, and unpreparedness for attending to health emergencies involving Indigenous peoples living in voluntary isolation. Being Indigenous in Brazil in the 2020s implies greater chances of higher infant mortality, lower life expectancy, suffering from undernutrition and anemia during childhood, living with a high burden of infectious and parasitic diseases, being exposed to a swift process of nutritional transition, and experiencing a surge in chronic violence. Community case studies have shown the importance of close patient follow-up over long periods of time, the heavy burden of disease due to nutrition transition since the mid-1980s, the relevance of international reference curves for evaluating Indigenous child undernutrition, and failures of primary healthcare provided to Indigenous populations. Improvements in national health information systems in Brazil beginning in the early 2000s have shown external causes, perinatal diseases, infectious and parasitic diseases, and respiratory diseases to be the leading causes of death among the country's Indigenous population.
SN Social Sciences, 2021
Research in several Latin American countries points to violence, loss of traditional territories,... more Research in several Latin American countries points to violence, loss of traditional territories, and seeking education, health, and wage labor as key variables in triggering rural-urban migration among Indigenous people. This study presents an analysis of the migration patterns of Indigenous people in Brazil, compared to nonindigenous people, based on data from the most recent national census, conducted in 2010. Migration characteristics related to lifetime migration and recent migration were investigated by means of descriptive and multivariable logistic regression analyses. The findings pointed to complex mobility scenarios according to migrants' Indigenous status and geographical regions of origin and destination. Indigenous people living in urban areas presented high levels of mobility (approximately 50% lived in different municipalities from those where they were born), which were more pronounced than those of non-Indigenous people. Indigenous people living in rural areas presented the lowest levels of migration (approximately 90% residing in their municipality of birth). Statistical modeling confirmed the patterns observed in descriptive analysis, highlighting the marked mobility of Indigenous subjects in urban areas. We emphasize the limitations of using census data for characterizing Indigenous mobility profiles, although no other nationally representative data are available. The finding that the Indigenous population living in urban areas presents rates of migration higher than their non-Indigenous counterparts is particularly important for the planning and implementation of a broad range of public policies aimed at ethnic minorities in the country, including health, education, and housing initiatives.
Demografia dos povos indígenas no Brasil, 2005
All the contents of this work, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons... more All the contents of this work, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported. Todo o conteúdo deste trabalho, exceto quando houver ressalva, é publicado sob a licença Creative Commons Atribuição-Uso Não Comercial-Partilha nos Mesmos Termos 3.0 Não adaptada. Todo el contenido de esta obra, excepto donde se indique lo contrario, está bajo licencia de la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 3.0 Unported.
Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 2004
Ao longo das últimas décadas, foram notórias a expansão e a consolidação da pós-graduação em Saúd... more Ao longo das últimas décadas, foram notórias a expansão e a consolidação da pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva no país. Tal expansão foi seguida do surgimento de novos grupos e linhas de pesquisa, muitos dos quais voltados para o equacionamento dos muitos desafios impostos pela saúde pública no âmbito regional. Sabe-se que, a depender de um conjunto de fatores (tema da pesquisa, abordagens metodológicas, inserção institucional do grupo de pesquisa), um determinado pesquisador poderá ter menor ou maior facilidade para publicação de seus trabalhos em revistas internacionais de maior prestígio. Em face ao tênue equilíbrio entre interesse "global" e interesse "regional" em ciência, torna-se premente o aprofundamento da discussão sobre a avaliação da produção científica na grande área da saúde e, em especial, na Saúde Coletiva. Afinal, quem define nossas agendas de pesquisa? Um estudo recente publicado no Canadian Medical Association Journal por Rochon e colaboradores (v. 170, p. 1673, 2004) analisou artigos publicados em seis conceituadas revistas. Além do próprio CMAJ, foram incluídos os periódicos Ann Intern Med, BMJ, JAMA, Lancet e N Engl J Med. A escolha desses periódicos deu-se a partir do reconhecimento da influência que publicações desse porte podem exercer na determinação de agendas de pesquisa internacionais e, por conseguinte, de linhas de financiamento, dentre outras prioridades. Especificamente, o estudo analisou a relação entre a "carga global de doença" e doenças pesquisadas em um total de 286 ensaios controlados. Os autores concluíram que muitas doenças de importância na determinação da "carga global" nos países em desenvolvimento estão sub-representadas. Apenas 1/3 dos estudos sobre HIV/AIDS foi realizado em países fora do eixo América do Norte-Europa Ocidental. Importantes endemias de forte presença no perfil de morbi-mortalidade em inúmeros países, foram objeto de pouquíssimas investigações. O estudo canadense não emerge como um caso isolado. Soma-se à literatura crítica que, reiteradamente, aponta para um distanciamento entre as agendas que predominam na assim chamada "ciência de ponta" e as demandas do dia-a-dia da saúde pública mundial, em especial no que diz respeito aos países do terceiro mundo. Tal orientação faz-se refletir nas políticas editoriais que prevalecem nas grandes revistas produzidas no mundo anglo-saxão. Nesse contexto, as revistas editadas nos países em desenvolvimento assumem uma posição estratégica na veiculação da produção científica gerada nessa região, em concatenação com as linhas e prioridades de pesquisa ali estabelecidas. Países como o Brasil exercem grande influência nesse processo, não só por sua expressiva produção científica, mas também por ser responsável pelo maior número de revistas na área da saúde editadas na América Latina. É importante que as agências, universidades e institutos de pesquisa brasileiros que têm implementado mecanismos de avaliação da produção científica apóiem as revistas nacionais. Nesse campo, todo cuidado é pouco. Como tive a oportunidade de destacar recentemente, com o objetivo de qualificar as revistas científicas e, por extensão, os artigos nelas publicados, tem sido adotado e rapidamente disseminado no Brasil um indicador bibliométrico até pouco tempo atrás pouquíssimo conhecido no país-o fator de impacto. Mesmo que esse fator seja sensível para avaliar revistas em determinadas áreas do conhecimento, pairam muitas dúvidas acerca de sua propriedade à saúde coletiva. Trata-se de uma discussão densa, mas é questionável que a qualidade da produção editorial nessa área possa ser aferida por meio de um parâmetro tão simplificado. A publicação científica é parte intrínseca do processo de produção do conhecimento científico e da inovação. O fortalecimento das revistas científicas nacionais é uma condição sine qua non para o contínuo avanço da base de ciência e tecnologia no Brasil. É imprescindível não somente a alocação de recursos, como também de exercícios criativos de como proceder a avaliação da produção científica, indo além da absorção e replicação de critérios que, como já bem estabelecido, não são generalizáveis para todas as áreas do conhecimento.
Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 1993
Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 2012
I begin this editorial with a confession: I was surprised when I realized that this year I would ... more I begin this editorial with a confession: I was surprised when I realized that this year I would be completing twenty years as lead editor of Cadernos de Saúde Pública (CSP). The time for change has arrived. Although these two decades have certainly been a time of intense work, they were also a time when I learned a great deal about Public Health research in Brazil. Additionally, I enjoyed the enormous privilege of interacting with remarkable individuals from different institutions, as well as accompanying important developments in the field. Along this journey, several key milestones in particular influenced me and will never be erased from my memory. For example, the various reformulations of the journal's editorial project, such as the layout of the cover and interior, typography, production, and distribution, were important in making the journal appealing to a wider readership. Also significant for me was indexing CSP in MEDLINE/PubMed and Web of Science during a time when the principal science indexes were reluctant to incorporate titles from the so-called developing world. One development that marked my first decade leading CSP was the creation of the SciELO electronic library which, at the time, was in the vanguard of still incipient debates in Brazil about open access to scientific information. Yet, interest in the project was not limited to theory-SciELO effectively become the library of reference for Brazilian science journals and changed our culture regarding science editing. While writing this editorial, I visited the statistics section of SciELO and discovered that CSP continues to be the journal with the most accessed articles in the entire library, totaling 21,211,774 accesses since we joined the system in 1998. This represents an average of 1.5 million article accesses per year, a mind-boggling figure if we consider the pre-SciELO era, when the only available means for an interested reader to access our articles was through print copies. The journal's increased visibility had direct implications for the number of articles published per volume. In 1985, the year CSP was founded, a total of 25 articles were published. During the journal's first decade, the average number of articles per volume increased to 40. Today, CSP is publishing about 250 articles per year, selected from approximately 1,400 new submissions annually. Such demand led the journal to adjust its periodicity from trimestral to monthly. With this change, CSP was consolidated as the Latin American Public Health journal with the largest yearly production of articles. Quality, originality, and innovation are the underlying principles that guide the editorial policy at CSP, ensured by a group of Associate Editors comprised of prolific and renowned researchers in their respective areas. As a result of this work by our team, encountered on the pages of CSP are influential articles that attest the important advances that occurred in the various fields of Public Health thinking and research during recent decades, in particular in Brazil. As could not fail to be, CSP is a collective achievement, involving the collective effort of authors, reviewers, editors, readers, and the editorial staff that works tirelessly on all stages of production, from receiving new submissions to posting print copies. Indispensable was the support of the Office of the Director of the National School of Public Health and the funding agencies, especially CNPq and FAPERJ. For all this, I leave the editorship of CSP with a feeling of great satisfaction. I am certain that in the hands of the new editorial trio comprised of Marilia Sá Carvalho, Claudia Travassos, and Claudia Medina Coeli, CSP will continue perform its important mission of innovative and expert dissemination of scientific literature in public health.
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Books by Carlos E . A . Coimbra, Jr
Papers by Carlos E . A . Coimbra, Jr
region is one of the key causes
of respiratory hospitalisations of
indigenous people, states a recent
study conducted by Brazil’s Instituto
Socioambiental (ISA). This year,
the fires, along with the spread of
COVID-19, might mean further
distress to the indigenous population
who live in the region [...].
O professor Carlos Coimbra, Coordenador do GT Saúde Indígena da Abrasco, foi entrevistado nesta quarta-feira, 13 de agosto, pela afiliada da Rádio CBN, em Belém. Em pauta, a Mesa Redonda ‘Populações negligenciadas’ do 9º Congresso Brasileiro de Epidemiologia da Abrasco, o EpiVix, que será realizado em Vitória, no mês que vem.
Ao jornalista Cleiton César, Coimbra destacou a Saúde da população indígena e da população quilombola, ‘O Brasil, que tem uma população indígena muito diversificada, teve tardiamente uma efetiva política pública diferenciada para esta população. O desafio é muito grande, o agravante é que nós ainda não conhecemos bem as especificidades dos indígenas, temos políticas, mas precisamos de mais ousadias nessas políticas, avalia Coimbra [...].
ligada ao desenvolvimento das investigações sobre as grandes endemias
infecto-para s i t á ri a s. Fre d e rico Adolfo Simões Barbosa é um imp
o rtante personagem na construção deste campo do saber no país. Te ndo
iniciado suas atividades de pesquisa na década de 40, foi um dos prim
e i ros a conduzir estudos epidemiológicos de longa duração no Bra s i l ,
seu nome estando estreitamente associado à consolidação da epidemiologia como campo de inve s t i g a ç ã o, tanto na academia como nos serviços de saúde pública.
Os municípios abrangidos por esse inquérito foram Porto Velho, Ariquemes e Ji-Paraná. As amostras de fezes foram coletadas entre escolares da rede pública de ensino, na faixa etária de 6 a 15 anos, tendo sido dada preferência pelos estabelecimentos localizados perto dos locais onde foram detectados criadouros de planorbídeos, de acordo com levantamento malacológico realizado anteriormente1. O método empregado foi o de sedimentação de Lutz, tendo sido o material previamente fixado em formol 10%.
Os resultados desse inquérito, de um total de 617 exames realizados, não revelaram casos autóctones de esquistossomose. Apesar disso, ainda é prematuro afirmar que a parasitose não possa vir a estabelecer na região. O impacto de diferentes atividades humanas tem sido apontado como que favorecendo o surgimento de focos da esquistossomose na Amazônia1,3. Desse modo, estudos posteriores fazem-se necessários para acompanhar o possível estabelecimento da esquistossomose em Rondônia.
[The susceptibility of Bimphalaria glabrata and Biomphalaria tenagophila, collected in the Federal District of Brazil, to infection by Schistosoma mansoni is here studied. The author also relates the geographical distribution of the snails' habitats and their living conditions to the source of the autochthonous cases known in the Federal District.]
Methods
Descriptive analysis of hospital morbidity records due to paracoccidioidomycosis covering the period January 1998 to December 2006. Hospital records were obtained from the Hospital Information System of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SIH /SUS ).
Results
There were 6732 hospitalisations (82% male) due to paracoccidioidomycosis in the period, representing 4.3 per 1.0 million inhabitants. Admissions due to this mycosis were recorded in 27% of the 5560 Brazilian municipalities, covering 35% of the country. Ten municipalities concentrated 52% of all admissions. The temporal distribution of admissions for paracoccidioidomycosis showed a slight increase. The geographical analysis showed two distinct patterns of the disease: (i) traditional areas of southern and south‐eastern regions, covering 60% of admissions, and (ii) a second pattern in northern Brazil revealed a transverse band of higher concentration with about 27% of admissions, particularly along the southern border of the Amazon region.
Conclusion
This first nationwide analysis of hospitalisation due to paracoccidioidomycosis in Brazil shows that it is the most prevalent systemic mycosis in Brazil. Despite its importance, there are major deficits in its proper registry, diagnostics and treatment. The particular epidemiological and medical challenges of paracoccidioidomycosis will not be met while the disease continues to be perceived as an isolated infectious entity restricted to a few faraway regions of the globe.