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Ricardo Ventura Santos

Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Faculty Member

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Anthropology, Faculty Member

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I am an anthropologist affiliated with the National School of Public Health/ Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation/ Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, in Rio de Janeiro Brazil. I also hold a faculty position at the Department of Anthropology of the National Museum, also in Rio de Janeiro.

I am particularly interested in the following research topics: health, race and ethnicity; history of anthropology and science studies, with a focus on human biological variability studies; health and demography of indigenous peoples.

I graduated in Biological Sciences at the University of Brasília (1987) and received a Master's and PhD in Anthropology from Indiana University, Bloomington, USA (1990 and 1991, respectively). In recent years, I have been a visiting scholar at the Department of Anthropology of the University of Massachusetts/ Amherst and at the MIT/ STS Program (1998-1999), and at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Berlin (2012 and 2013).

A complete list of my publications is available at the Brazilian CV Lattes database (including links to free access publications): http://lattes.cnpq.br/1272957108821414
Address: Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

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Papers - History and Anthropology of Science/ STS by Ricardo Ventura Santos

Applying a southern solvent: an interview with Warwick Anderson (História Ciência Saúde - Manguinhos 2016)

"Why Did They Die?" Biomedical Narratives of Epidemics and Mortality among Amazonian Indigenous Populations in Sociohistorical and Anthropological Contexts

Current Anthropology, 2020

In the second half of the twentieth century, Indigenous populations from different parts of the w... more In the second half of the twentieth century, Indigenous populations from different parts of the world were identified as key subjects in a wide range of investigations into patterns of human biological variation. Focusing on Amazonia, a prominent region for such research, this paper explores some of the complex relationships between biomedicine, anthropological knowledge, political regimes, and Indigenous rights. We focus on the roles of Francis L. Black (Yale University) and James V. Neel (University of Michigan), leading American scientists working in lowland South America from the 1970s to the 1990s, in knowledge production and scientific disputes at the intersection of human biology and susceptibility to infectious diseases, as well as the use of specific biomedical technologies (e.g., vaccines). During the Cold War, arguments concerning genetically determined susceptibility to infectious diseases and the role of biomedicine in health care for Indigenous populations became highly disputed, as scientists were concerned about how scientific knowledge could be used in the implementation of public policies. We argue that analysis of unpublished debates about the political implications of the trajectory of bio-medical research about Amazonian Indigenous peoples helps to broaden and complexify the global history of human biological diversity research in the post-World War II period.

Problematizing miscegenation: the fact/fiction of race in contemporary Brazil

by Elena Calvo-Gonzalez and Ricardo Ventura Santos

Journal of Anthropological Sciences, 2018

'Polynesians' in the Brazilian Hinterland? Sociohistorical Perspectives on Skulls, Genomics, Identity, and Nationhood

by Ricardo Ventura Santos and Bronwen Douglas

History of the Human Sciences, 2020

In 1876, Brazilian physical anthropologists Lacerda and Peixoto published findings of detailed an... more In 1876, Brazilian physical anthropologists Lacerda and Peixoto published findings of detailed anatomical and osteometric investigation of the new human skull collection of Rio de Janeiro's Museu Nacional. They not only argued that the Indigenous 'Botocudo' in Brazil might be autochthonous to the New World, but also that they shared analogic proximity to other geographically very distant human groups-the New Caledonians and Australians-equally attributed limited cranial capacity and resultant inferior intellect. Described by Blumenbach and Morton, 'Botocudo' skulls were highly valued scientific specimens in 19th-century physical anthropology. A recent genomic study has again related 'the Botocudo' to Indigenous populations from the other side of the world by identifying 'Polynesian ancestry' in two of fourteen Botocudo skulls held in the Museu Nacional. This article places the production of scientific knowledge in multidisciplinary , multi-regional historical perspectives. We contextualize modern narratives in the biological sciences relating 'Botocudo' skulls and other cranial material from lowland South America to Polynesia, Melanesia, and Australia. With disturbing irony, such studies often unthinkingly reinscribe essentialized historic racial categories such as 'the Botocudos', 'the Polynesians', and 'the Australo-Melanesians'. We conclude that the fertile alliance of intersecting sciences which is revolutionizing understandings

'Polynesians' in Brazilian Hinterland? Sociohistorical Perspectives on Skulls, Genomics, Identity, and Nationhood

by Ricardo Ventura Santos and Bronwen Douglas

History of the Human Sciences, 2019

Luso tropicalism and Its Discontents Int20190514 128558 dk5bi

Problematizing miscegenation: the fact/fiction of race in contemporary Brazil - Calvo-Gonzalez & Santos - JAR - 2019.pdf

by Elena Calvo-Gonzalez and Ricardo Ventura Santos

Journal of Anthropological Research, 2019

Hello invitation How Collections End CSP 2018

Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 2018

"Hello + invitation" : 'How Collections End' " - the fire at the Brazilian National Museum and sh... more

“An Unusual and Fast Disappearing Opportunity”: Infectious Disease, Indigenous Populations, and New Biomedical Knowledge in Amazonia, 1960–1970

by Rosanna Dent and Ricardo Ventura Santos

Perspectives in Science, 2017

In the twentieth century, biomedical researchers believed the study of Indigenous Amazonians coul... more In the twentieth century, biomedical researchers believed the study of Indigenous Amazonians could inform global histories of human biological diversity. This paper examines the similarities and differences of two approaches to this mid-century biomedical research, comparing the work of virologist and epidemiologist Francis Black with human geneticists James V. Neel and Francisco Salzano. While both groups were interested in Indigenous populations as representatives of the past, their perspectives on epidemics diverged. For Black, outbreaks of infectious diseases were central to his methodological and theoretical interests; for Neel and Salzano, epidemics could potentially compromise the epistemological value of their data.

Varieties of the Primitive: Human Biological Diversity Studies in Cold War Brazil (1962–1970) (American Anthropologist, 2014)

by Ricardo Ventura Santos and Vanderlei Sebastião de Souza

In recent years, anthropologists, science scholars, and historians of science have shown growing ... more In recent years, anthropologists, science scholars, and historians of science have shown growing interest in the history of research in physical anthropology in the post-World War II period, although most of the studies concentrate on North America and Europe. Here we focus on the history of human biological diversity research in South America in the 1960s. We carry out a comparative analysis of the research programs coordinated by two influential North American researchers (the geneticists Newton Morton and James Neel) in Brazil. We analyze the genesis of the two projects in light of the scientific and sociopolitical alignments of the period, and we find that the research was strongly tied to the context of the Cold War. We also address the scientific perspectives and choice of study populations (Indians and mestiç os), as well as how the researchers attempted to construct far-reaching scientific models pertinent to the human species as a whole based on the concept of "primitiveness." We argue that the research programs that Morton and Neel initiated in the 1960s are basic to the understanding of the history of physical anthropology not only in Brazil but also on a global scale in the decades following World War II. [history of physical-biological anthropology, human population diversity, population genetics, science studies, Newton Morton, James Neel, Brazil]

The emergence of human population genetics and narratives about the formation of the Brazilian nation (1950–1960) (Studies in the History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 2014)

by Ricardo Ventura Santos and Vanderlei Sebastião de Souza

Studies in the History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 47:97-107, 2014., Sep 1, 2014

This paper discusses the emergence of human population genetics in Brazil in the decades followin... more This paper discusses the emergence of human population genetics in Brazil in the decades following World War II, and pays particular attention to narratives about the formation of the Brazilian nation. We analyze the institutionalization of this branch of genetics in the 1950s and 1960s, and look at research on the characteristics of the population of Brazil, which made use of new explanatory models of evolutionary dynamics. These developments were greatly influenced by the activities of the Rockefeller Foundation and by the presence of North American geneticists in Brazil, especially Theodosius Dobzhansky. One of the main points of this paper is to show that explanations of Brazilian human genetic diversity constructed in the mid-twentieth century closely followed interpretations that had been produced since the end of the nineteenth century, in which notions of 'racial mixing' played a central role. Even as population genetics was conditioned by nationalist concerns that had long marked Brazilian history, we argue that its emergence and institutionalization was closely associated with global, post-World War II socio-political contexts, especially with regards to modernization projects and growing scientific internationalization.

Indigenous Peoples, Postcolonial Contexts and Genomic Research in the Late 20th CenturyA View from Amazonia (1960—2000) (Critique of Anthropology 2002)

Critique of Anthropology, 2002

Ⅲ

Race, Genomics, Identities and Politics in Contemporary Brazil (Critique of Anthropology, 2004)

Critique of Anthropology, 2004

Ⅲ

Guardian Angel on a Nation’s Path: Contexts and Trajectories of Physical Anthropology in Brazil in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries (Current Anthropology, 2012)

JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, a... more JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected].

Genomic research, publics and experts in Latin America: nation, race and body

by Peter Wade and Ricardo Ventura Santos

Social Studies of Science, 2015

The articles in this issue highlight contributions that studies of Latin America can make to wide... more The articles in this issue highlight contributions that studies of Latin America can make to wider debates about the effects of genomic science on public ideas about race and nation. We argue that current ideas about the power of genomics to transfigure and transform existing ways of thinking about human diversity are often overstated. If a range of social contexts are examined, the effects are uneven. Our data show that genomic knowledge can unsettle and reinforce ideas of nation and race; it can be both banal and highly politicized. In this introduction, we outline concepts of genetic knowledge in society; theories of genetics, nation and race; approaches to public understandings of science; and the Latin American contexts of transnational ideas of nation and race.

Negotiating imagined genetic communities: Unity and diversity in Brazilian science and society (American Anthropologist, 2014)

by Michael Kent and Ricardo Ventura Santos

American Anthropologist

In this article, we explore the ways in which genetic research reconfigures historically rooted d... more In this article, we explore the ways in which genetic research reconfigures historically rooted debates on race and national identity by analyzing the intense debates that have taken place in the past decade in Brazil around the genetic profile of the nation's population. Such debates have not only featured a significant variety of interpretations by different geneticists but also involved the media, policy makers, and social movements. Here we focus in particular on the ways in which genetic knowledge and the arguments it makes possible have reproduced, contested, or transformed pre existing narratives about race and national identity in Brazil. A central underlying tension in these debates is that between unity and diversity-between views that consider the Brazilian population as a single unit that cannot be differentiated except at the individual level and alternative interpretations that emphasize the multiplicity of its populations in terms of race, region, and genetic ancestry. [genetics, imagined communities, Brazil, identity politics] RESUMEN En este artículo, exploramos las formas en que la investigación genética reconfigura los debates históricamente arraigados sobre la raza y la identidad nacional, mediante el análisis de los intensos debates que han tenido lugar en laúltima década en Brasil alrededor del perfil genético de la población del país. Estos debates no sólo han contado con la importante variedad de diferentes interpretaciones por los genetistas, sino también han involucrado los medios de comunicación, los políticos y los movimientos sociales. Aquí nos centramos en particular sobre las formas en que el conocimiento genético, y los argumentos queél facilita, han reproducido, impugnado, o transformado narrativas preexistentes acerca de la raza y la identidad nacional en Brasil. La tensión central que subyace en estos debates es la entre la unidad y la diversidad-entre abordajes que consideran la población brasileña como una sola unidad que no puede ser diferenciada, excepto al nivel individual, y las interpretaciones alternas que hacen hincapié en la multiplicidad de sus poblaciones en términos de raza, región, y ascendencia genética. [genética, comunidades imaginadas, Brasil, políticas de la identidad] I n 2007, BBC Brazil arranged for genetic ancestry tests for nine black celebrities that participated in its "Afro-Brazilian roots" project, with the objective of raising awareness among the Brazilian population of its partial African origins. The results, however, caused a major controversy. Attention focused on sambista Neguinho da Beija-Flor, who

Building the genomic nation: ‘Homo Brasilis’ and the ‘Genoma Mexicano’ in comparative cultural perspective

by Peter Wade, Vivette García Deister, Ricardo Ventura Santos, and Ernesto Schwartz-Marin

This article explores the relationship between genetic research, nationalism and the construction... more This article explores the relationship between genetic research, nationalism and the construction of collective social identities in Latin America. It makes a comparative analysis of two research projects – the ‘Genoma Mexicano’ and the ‘Homo Brasilis’ – both of which sought to establish national and genetic profiles. Both have reproduced and strengthened the idea of their respective nations of focus, incorporating biological elements into debates on social identities. Also, both have placed the unifying figure of the mestizo/mestiço at the heart of national identity constructions, and in so doing have displaced alternative identity categories, such as those based on race. However, having been developed in different national contexts, these projects have had distinct scientific and social trajectories: in Mexico, the genomic mestizo is mobilized mainly in relation to health, while in Brazil the key arena is that of race. We show the importance of the nation as a frame for mobilizing genetic data in public policy debates, and demonstrate how race comes in and out of focus in different Latin American national contexts of genomic research, while never completely disappearing.

Color, race, and genomic ancestry in Brazil: Dialogues between anthropology and genetics (Current Anthropology, 2009)

In the contemporary world, "race" narratives are so multifaceted that at times, different views o... more In the contemporary world, "race" narratives are so multifaceted that at times, different views of the concept appear mutually incompatible. In recent decades biologists, especially geneticists, have repeatedly stated that the notion of race does not apply to the human species. On the other hand, social scientists claim that race is highly significant in cultural, historical, and socioeconomic terms because it molds everyday social relations and because it is a powerful motivator for social and political movements based on race differences. In this paper we present the results of an interdisciplinary research project incorporating approaches from genetics and anthropology. Our objective is to explore the interface between information about biology/genetics and perceptions about color/ race in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We argue that the data and interpretation of our research resonate far beyond the local level, stimulating discussion about methodological, theoretical, and political issues of wider national and international relevance. Topics addressed include the complex terminology of color/race classification in Brazil, perceptions about ancestry in the context of ideologies of Brazilian national identity, and the relationship between genetic information about the Brazilian population and a sociopolitical agenda that turns on questions of race and racism.

Pharmacogenomics, human genetic diversity and the incorporation and rejection of color/race in Brazil (Biosocieties, 2015)

by Glaucia O Silva and Ricardo Ventura Santos

Public funding for research on the action of drugs in countries like the United States requires t... more Public funding for research on the action of drugs in countries like the United States requires that racial classification of research subjects should be considered when defining the composition of the samples as well as in data analysis, sometimes resulting in interpretations that Whites and Blacks differ in their pharmacogenetic profiles. In Brazil, pharmacogenomic results have led to very different interpretations when compared with those obtained in the United States. This is explained as deriving from the genomic heterogeneity of the Brazilian population. This article argues that in the evolving field of pharmacogenomics research in Brazil there is simultaneously both an incorporation and rejection of the US informed race-genes paradigm. We suggest that this must be understood in relation to continuities with national and transnational history of genetic research in Brazil, a differently situated politics of Brazilian public health and the ongoing valorization of miscegenation or race mixture by Brazilian geneticists as a resource for transnational genetic research. Our data derive from anthropological investigation conducted in INCA (Brazilian National Cancer Institute), in Rio de Janeiro, with a focus on the drug warfarin. The criticism of Brazilian scientists regarding the uses of racial categorization includes a revision of mathematical algorithms for drug dosage widely used in clinical procedures around the world. Our analysis reveals how the incorporation of ideas of racial purity and admixture, as it relates to the efficacy of drugs, touches on issues related to the possibility of application of pharmaceutical technologies on a global scale.

Das moscas aos humanos: A genética e a questão da 'mistura racial' no Brasil (Ciência Hoje 2015)

by Vanderlei Sebastião de Souza and Ricardo Ventura Santos

Applying a southern solvent: an interview with Warwick Anderson (História Ciência Saúde - Manguinhos 2016)

"Why Did They Die?" Biomedical Narratives of Epidemics and Mortality among Amazonian Indigenous Populations in Sociohistorical and Anthropological Contexts

Current Anthropology, 2020

In the second half of the twentieth century, Indigenous populations from different parts of the w... more In the second half of the twentieth century, Indigenous populations from different parts of the world were identified as key subjects in a wide range of investigations into patterns of human biological variation. Focusing on Amazonia, a prominent region for such research, this paper explores some of the complex relationships between biomedicine, anthropological knowledge, political regimes, and Indigenous rights. We focus on the roles of Francis L. Black (Yale University) and James V. Neel (University of Michigan), leading American scientists working in lowland South America from the 1970s to the 1990s, in knowledge production and scientific disputes at the intersection of human biology and susceptibility to infectious diseases, as well as the use of specific biomedical technologies (e.g., vaccines). During the Cold War, arguments concerning genetically determined susceptibility to infectious diseases and the role of biomedicine in health care for Indigenous populations became highly disputed, as scientists were concerned about how scientific knowledge could be used in the implementation of public policies. We argue that analysis of unpublished debates about the political implications of the trajectory of bio-medical research about Amazonian Indigenous peoples helps to broaden and complexify the global history of human biological diversity research in the post-World War II period.

Problematizing miscegenation: the fact/fiction of race in contemporary Brazil

by Elena Calvo-Gonzalez and Ricardo Ventura Santos

Journal of Anthropological Sciences, 2018

'Polynesians' in the Brazilian Hinterland? Sociohistorical Perspectives on Skulls, Genomics, Identity, and Nationhood

by Ricardo Ventura Santos and Bronwen Douglas

History of the Human Sciences, 2020

In 1876, Brazilian physical anthropologists Lacerda and Peixoto published findings of detailed an... more In 1876, Brazilian physical anthropologists Lacerda and Peixoto published findings of detailed anatomical and osteometric investigation of the new human skull collection of Rio de Janeiro's Museu Nacional. They not only argued that the Indigenous 'Botocudo' in Brazil might be autochthonous to the New World, but also that they shared analogic proximity to other geographically very distant human groups-the New Caledonians and Australians-equally attributed limited cranial capacity and resultant inferior intellect. Described by Blumenbach and Morton, 'Botocudo' skulls were highly valued scientific specimens in 19th-century physical anthropology. A recent genomic study has again related 'the Botocudo' to Indigenous populations from the other side of the world by identifying 'Polynesian ancestry' in two of fourteen Botocudo skulls held in the Museu Nacional. This article places the production of scientific knowledge in multidisciplinary , multi-regional historical perspectives. We contextualize modern narratives in the biological sciences relating 'Botocudo' skulls and other cranial material from lowland South America to Polynesia, Melanesia, and Australia. With disturbing irony, such studies often unthinkingly reinscribe essentialized historic racial categories such as 'the Botocudos', 'the Polynesians', and 'the Australo-Melanesians'. We conclude that the fertile alliance of intersecting sciences which is revolutionizing understandings

'Polynesians' in Brazilian Hinterland? Sociohistorical Perspectives on Skulls, Genomics, Identity, and Nationhood

by Ricardo Ventura Santos and Bronwen Douglas

History of the Human Sciences, 2019

Luso tropicalism and Its Discontents Int20190514 128558 dk5bi

Problematizing miscegenation: the fact/fiction of race in contemporary Brazil - Calvo-Gonzalez & Santos - JAR - 2019.pdf

by Elena Calvo-Gonzalez and Ricardo Ventura Santos

Journal of Anthropological Research, 2019

Hello invitation How Collections End CSP 2018

Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 2018

"Hello + invitation" : 'How Collections End' " - the fire at the Brazilian National Museum and sh... more

“An Unusual and Fast Disappearing Opportunity”: Infectious Disease, Indigenous Populations, and New Biomedical Knowledge in Amazonia, 1960–1970

by Rosanna Dent and Ricardo Ventura Santos

Perspectives in Science, 2017

In the twentieth century, biomedical researchers believed the study of Indigenous Amazonians coul... more In the twentieth century, biomedical researchers believed the study of Indigenous Amazonians could inform global histories of human biological diversity. This paper examines the similarities and differences of two approaches to this mid-century biomedical research, comparing the work of virologist and epidemiologist Francis Black with human geneticists James V. Neel and Francisco Salzano. While both groups were interested in Indigenous populations as representatives of the past, their perspectives on epidemics diverged. For Black, outbreaks of infectious diseases were central to his methodological and theoretical interests; for Neel and Salzano, epidemics could potentially compromise the epistemological value of their data.

Varieties of the Primitive: Human Biological Diversity Studies in Cold War Brazil (1962–1970) (American Anthropologist, 2014)

by Ricardo Ventura Santos and Vanderlei Sebastião de Souza

In recent years, anthropologists, science scholars, and historians of science have shown growing ... more In recent years, anthropologists, science scholars, and historians of science have shown growing interest in the history of research in physical anthropology in the post-World War II period, although most of the studies concentrate on North America and Europe. Here we focus on the history of human biological diversity research in South America in the 1960s. We carry out a comparative analysis of the research programs coordinated by two influential North American researchers (the geneticists Newton Morton and James Neel) in Brazil. We analyze the genesis of the two projects in light of the scientific and sociopolitical alignments of the period, and we find that the research was strongly tied to the context of the Cold War. We also address the scientific perspectives and choice of study populations (Indians and mestiç os), as well as how the researchers attempted to construct far-reaching scientific models pertinent to the human species as a whole based on the concept of "primitiveness." We argue that the research programs that Morton and Neel initiated in the 1960s are basic to the understanding of the history of physical anthropology not only in Brazil but also on a global scale in the decades following World War II. [history of physical-biological anthropology, human population diversity, population genetics, science studies, Newton Morton, James Neel, Brazil]

The emergence of human population genetics and narratives about the formation of the Brazilian nation (1950–1960) (Studies in the History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 2014)

by Ricardo Ventura Santos and Vanderlei Sebastião de Souza

Studies in the History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 47:97-107, 2014., Sep 1, 2014

This paper discusses the emergence of human population genetics in Brazil in the decades followin... more This paper discusses the emergence of human population genetics in Brazil in the decades following World War II, and pays particular attention to narratives about the formation of the Brazilian nation. We analyze the institutionalization of this branch of genetics in the 1950s and 1960s, and look at research on the characteristics of the population of Brazil, which made use of new explanatory models of evolutionary dynamics. These developments were greatly influenced by the activities of the Rockefeller Foundation and by the presence of North American geneticists in Brazil, especially Theodosius Dobzhansky. One of the main points of this paper is to show that explanations of Brazilian human genetic diversity constructed in the mid-twentieth century closely followed interpretations that had been produced since the end of the nineteenth century, in which notions of 'racial mixing' played a central role. Even as population genetics was conditioned by nationalist concerns that had long marked Brazilian history, we argue that its emergence and institutionalization was closely associated with global, post-World War II socio-political contexts, especially with regards to modernization projects and growing scientific internationalization.

Indigenous Peoples, Postcolonial Contexts and Genomic Research in the Late 20th CenturyA View from Amazonia (1960—2000) (Critique of Anthropology 2002)

Critique of Anthropology, 2002

Ⅲ

Race, Genomics, Identities and Politics in Contemporary Brazil (Critique of Anthropology, 2004)

Critique of Anthropology, 2004

Ⅲ

Guardian Angel on a Nation’s Path: Contexts and Trajectories of Physical Anthropology in Brazil in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries (Current Anthropology, 2012)

JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, a... more JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected].

Genomic research, publics and experts in Latin America: nation, race and body

by Peter Wade and Ricardo Ventura Santos

Social Studies of Science, 2015

The articles in this issue highlight contributions that studies of Latin America can make to wide... more The articles in this issue highlight contributions that studies of Latin America can make to wider debates about the effects of genomic science on public ideas about race and nation. We argue that current ideas about the power of genomics to transfigure and transform existing ways of thinking about human diversity are often overstated. If a range of social contexts are examined, the effects are uneven. Our data show that genomic knowledge can unsettle and reinforce ideas of nation and race; it can be both banal and highly politicized. In this introduction, we outline concepts of genetic knowledge in society; theories of genetics, nation and race; approaches to public understandings of science; and the Latin American contexts of transnational ideas of nation and race.

Negotiating imagined genetic communities: Unity and diversity in Brazilian science and society (American Anthropologist, 2014)

by Michael Kent and Ricardo Ventura Santos

American Anthropologist

In this article, we explore the ways in which genetic research reconfigures historically rooted d... more In this article, we explore the ways in which genetic research reconfigures historically rooted debates on race and national identity by analyzing the intense debates that have taken place in the past decade in Brazil around the genetic profile of the nation's population. Such debates have not only featured a significant variety of interpretations by different geneticists but also involved the media, policy makers, and social movements. Here we focus in particular on the ways in which genetic knowledge and the arguments it makes possible have reproduced, contested, or transformed pre existing narratives about race and national identity in Brazil. A central underlying tension in these debates is that between unity and diversity-between views that consider the Brazilian population as a single unit that cannot be differentiated except at the individual level and alternative interpretations that emphasize the multiplicity of its populations in terms of race, region, and genetic ancestry. [genetics, imagined communities, Brazil, identity politics] RESUMEN En este artículo, exploramos las formas en que la investigación genética reconfigura los debates históricamente arraigados sobre la raza y la identidad nacional, mediante el análisis de los intensos debates que han tenido lugar en laúltima década en Brasil alrededor del perfil genético de la población del país. Estos debates no sólo han contado con la importante variedad de diferentes interpretaciones por los genetistas, sino también han involucrado los medios de comunicación, los políticos y los movimientos sociales. Aquí nos centramos en particular sobre las formas en que el conocimiento genético, y los argumentos queél facilita, han reproducido, impugnado, o transformado narrativas preexistentes acerca de la raza y la identidad nacional en Brasil. La tensión central que subyace en estos debates es la entre la unidad y la diversidad-entre abordajes que consideran la población brasileña como una sola unidad que no puede ser diferenciada, excepto al nivel individual, y las interpretaciones alternas que hacen hincapié en la multiplicidad de sus poblaciones en términos de raza, región, y ascendencia genética. [genética, comunidades imaginadas, Brasil, políticas de la identidad] I n 2007, BBC Brazil arranged for genetic ancestry tests for nine black celebrities that participated in its "Afro-Brazilian roots" project, with the objective of raising awareness among the Brazilian population of its partial African origins. The results, however, caused a major controversy. Attention focused on sambista Neguinho da Beija-Flor, who

Building the genomic nation: ‘Homo Brasilis’ and the ‘Genoma Mexicano’ in comparative cultural perspective

by Peter Wade, Vivette García Deister, Ricardo Ventura Santos, and Ernesto Schwartz-Marin

This article explores the relationship between genetic research, nationalism and the construction... more This article explores the relationship between genetic research, nationalism and the construction of collective social identities in Latin America. It makes a comparative analysis of two research projects – the ‘Genoma Mexicano’ and the ‘Homo Brasilis’ – both of which sought to establish national and genetic profiles. Both have reproduced and strengthened the idea of their respective nations of focus, incorporating biological elements into debates on social identities. Also, both have placed the unifying figure of the mestizo/mestiço at the heart of national identity constructions, and in so doing have displaced alternative identity categories, such as those based on race. However, having been developed in different national contexts, these projects have had distinct scientific and social trajectories: in Mexico, the genomic mestizo is mobilized mainly in relation to health, while in Brazil the key arena is that of race. We show the importance of the nation as a frame for mobilizing genetic data in public policy debates, and demonstrate how race comes in and out of focus in different Latin American national contexts of genomic research, while never completely disappearing.

Color, race, and genomic ancestry in Brazil: Dialogues between anthropology and genetics (Current Anthropology, 2009)

In the contemporary world, "race" narratives are so multifaceted that at times, different views o... more In the contemporary world, "race" narratives are so multifaceted that at times, different views of the concept appear mutually incompatible. In recent decades biologists, especially geneticists, have repeatedly stated that the notion of race does not apply to the human species. On the other hand, social scientists claim that race is highly significant in cultural, historical, and socioeconomic terms because it molds everyday social relations and because it is a powerful motivator for social and political movements based on race differences. In this paper we present the results of an interdisciplinary research project incorporating approaches from genetics and anthropology. Our objective is to explore the interface between information about biology/genetics and perceptions about color/ race in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We argue that the data and interpretation of our research resonate far beyond the local level, stimulating discussion about methodological, theoretical, and political issues of wider national and international relevance. Topics addressed include the complex terminology of color/race classification in Brazil, perceptions about ancestry in the context of ideologies of Brazilian national identity, and the relationship between genetic information about the Brazilian population and a sociopolitical agenda that turns on questions of race and racism.

Pharmacogenomics, human genetic diversity and the incorporation and rejection of color/race in Brazil (Biosocieties, 2015)

by Glaucia O Silva and Ricardo Ventura Santos

Public funding for research on the action of drugs in countries like the United States requires t... more Public funding for research on the action of drugs in countries like the United States requires that racial classification of research subjects should be considered when defining the composition of the samples as well as in data analysis, sometimes resulting in interpretations that Whites and Blacks differ in their pharmacogenetic profiles. In Brazil, pharmacogenomic results have led to very different interpretations when compared with those obtained in the United States. This is explained as deriving from the genomic heterogeneity of the Brazilian population. This article argues that in the evolving field of pharmacogenomics research in Brazil there is simultaneously both an incorporation and rejection of the US informed race-genes paradigm. We suggest that this must be understood in relation to continuities with national and transnational history of genetic research in Brazil, a differently situated politics of Brazilian public health and the ongoing valorization of miscegenation or race mixture by Brazilian geneticists as a resource for transnational genetic research. Our data derive from anthropological investigation conducted in INCA (Brazilian National Cancer Institute), in Rio de Janeiro, with a focus on the drug warfarin. The criticism of Brazilian scientists regarding the uses of racial categorization includes a revision of mathematical algorithms for drug dosage widely used in clinical procedures around the world. Our analysis reveals how the incorporation of ideas of racial purity and admixture, as it relates to the efficacy of drugs, touches on issues related to the possibility of application of pharmaceutical technologies on a global scale.

Das moscas aos humanos: A genética e a questão da 'mistura racial' no Brasil (Ciência Hoje 2015)

by Vanderlei Sebastião de Souza and Ricardo Ventura Santos

˝Brazil shall never go without us": Indigenous peoples in the 2022 Brazilian Census/ “Nunca mais o Brasil sem nós”: povos indígenasno Censo Demográfico 2022

Cadernos de Saúde Pública , 2024

Vaccine coverage and effectiveness Covid 19 Indigenous People Brazil - BMC Public Health -2023

BMC Public Health, 2023

Background Indigenous people have historically suffered devastating impacts from epidemics and co... more Background Indigenous people have historically suffered devastating impacts from epidemics and continue to have lower access to healthcare and be especially vulnerable to respiratory infections. We estimated the coverage and effectiveness of Covid-19 vaccines against laboratory-confirmed Covid-19 cases among indigenous people in Brazil. Methods We linked nationwide Covid-19 vaccination data with flu-like surveillance records and studied a cohort of vaccinated indigenous people aged ≥ 5 years between 18th January 2021 and 1st March 2022. We considered individuals unexposed from the date they received the first dose of vaccine until the 13th day of vaccination, partially vaccinated from the 14th day after the first dose until the 13th day after receiving the second dose, and fully vaccinated onwards. We estimated the Covid-19 vaccination coverage and used Poisson regression to calculate the relative risks (RR) and vaccine effectiveness (VE) of CoronaVac, ChAdOx1, and BNT162b2 against Covid-19 laboratoryconfirmed cases incidence, mortality, hospitalisation, and hospital-progression to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) or death. VE was estimated as (1-RR)*100, comparing unexposed to partially or fully vaccinated. Results By 1st March 2022, 48.7% (35.0-62.3) of eligible indigenous people vs. 74.8% (57.9-91.8) overall Brazilians had been fully vaccinated for Covid-19. Among fully vaccinated indigenous people, we found a lower risk of symptomatic cases (RR: 0.47, 95%CI: 0.40-0.56) and mortality (RR: 0.47, 95%CI: 0.14-1.56) after the 14th day of the second dose. VE for the three Covid-19 vaccines combined was 53% (95%CI:44-60%) for symptomatic cases, 53% (95%CI:-56-86%) for mortality and 41% (95%CI:-35-75%) for hospitalisation. In our sample, we found that vaccination did not reduce Covid-19 related hospitalisation. However, among hospitalised patients, we found a lower risk of progression to ICU (RR: 0.14,

Cor ou Raça: Indígena? Contextos e recepções da inclusão de uma categoria no Censo Demográfico 1991, Brasil - Revista Confins - 2023

Revista Confins, 2023

Paper in portuguese. Title in English is the following: Color or Race: Indigenous? Contexts and R... more

Couleur ou race : Indigène » ? Contextes et réceptions de l’introduction d’une catégorie dans le recensement national brésilien de 1991 - Brésil(s) - 2023

Brésil(s), 2023

Quantifying the Indigenous Population in Brazil in the Late Twentieth Century --2023

Recent decades have witnessed a major increase in demographic data uptake on Indigenous populatio... more Recent decades have witnessed a major increase in demographic data uptake on Indigenous populations in official statistics of Latin American countries. Perhaps the most striking modification in the racial categories utilized in Brazilian national censuses in recent decades was the inclusion of the Indigenous category in the 1991 census. We situate the inclusion of Indigenous peoples in the Brazilian national census in the second half of the twentieth century as part of a broader historical, social, and political process. From our perspective, this is complemented by considering initiatives related to the quantification of Indigenous peoples led by non-governmental organizations that took place in the 1970s and 1980s, preceding the inclusion of the Indigenous category in official statistics in the 1990s. Furthermore, we explore the centrality of issues related to visibility and forms of legibility of Indigenous peoples' sociocultural configurations, as well as how they were represented through demographic quantification.

Editorial - Saude.Povos.Indigenas.Brasil / Health Indigenous Peoples Brazil - Cadernos de Saúde Pública - 2023

Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 2023

Health of Indigenous Peoples in Brazil

Health of Indigenous Peoples in Brazil, 2022

Victims of epidemics, slavery, genocide, and countless other episodes of violence during the colo... more Victims of epidemics, slavery, genocide, and countless other episodes of violence during the colonial enterprise in Brazil, which continues decades into the 21st century in some regions, Indigenous peoples face health inequities resulting from a five-century history of social marginalization and vulnerability. Since the late 1990s, the health and well-being of Indigenous peoples in the country have benefited from progressive legislation that values sociocultural diversity within a public primary healthcare subsystem attending to Indigenous peoples living in federal Indigenous lands. However, these transcultural ideals remain elusive in practice. The Indigenous Healthcare Subsystem continues to suffer from numerous systemic problems, including low quality of local services, lack of health professional training for work in intercultural contexts, and unpreparedness for attending to health emergencies involving Indigenous peoples living in voluntary isolation. Being Indigenous in Brazil in the 2020s implies greater chances of higher infant mortality, lower life expectancy, suffering from undernutrition and anemia during childhood, living with a high burden of infectious and parasitic diseases, being exposed to a swift process of nutritional transition, and experiencing a surge in chronic violence. Community case studies have shown the importance of close patient follow-up over long periods of time, the heavy burden of disease due to nutrition transition since the mid-1980s, the relevance of international reference curves for evaluating Indigenous child undernutrition, and failures of primary healthcare provided to Indigenous populations. Improvements in national health information systems in Brazil beginning in the early 2000s have shown external causes, perinatal diseases, infectious and parasitic diseases, and respiratory diseases to be the leading causes of death among the country's Indigenous population.

Caldas_Santos_Cardoso - Iniquidades etnicoraciais na mortalidade infantil Brasil_2022

by Ricardo Ventura Santos and Andrey Moreira Cardoso

Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 2022

Trata-se de estudo descritivo que teve como objetivo discutir as repercussões da mudança na metod... more Trata-se de estudo descritivo que teve como objetivo discutir as repercussões da mudança na metodologia de coleta da variável cor/raça no Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINASC) sobre as taxas de mortalidade infantil (TMI) segundo cor/raça no Brasil. Foram analisadas as variações anuais nas frequências de nascidos vivos e óbitos infantis por cor/raça entre 2009 e 2017. As TMI por cor/raça foram estimadas segundo três estratégias: (1) método direto; (2) fixando-se, em todos os anos, as proporções de nascidos vivos por cor/ raça observadas em 2009; e (3) fixando-se, em todos os anos, as proporções de óbitos por cor/raça observadas em 2009. As estratégias visaram explorar o efeito isolado das variações nas proporções de nascidos vivos ou de óbitos por cor/raça sobre as estimativas de TMI antes e após a mudança da variável cor/raça no SINASC. De 2011 para 2012 (ano de mudança da variável cor/ raça no SINASC), verificou-se súbito incremento das Declarações de Nascidos Vivos (DNV) de cor/raça preta, parda e indígena, acompanhado de redução de DNV de cor/raça branca, sem variações correspondentes nos óbitos. O incremento do denominador da TMI das categorias de cor/raça socialmente mais vulnerabilizadas resultou na atenuação das TMI de pretos e indígenas, no incremento da TMI de brancos e, consequentemente, na redução artificial das iniquidades na mortalidade infantil por cor/raça. A mudança da variável cor/ raça no SINASC interrompeu a série histórica de nascidos vivos por cor/raça, afetando os indicadores que potencialmente dependem desses dados para seu cálculo, como a TMI. Argumenta-se que as TMI por cor/raça antes e após a mudança no SINASC são indicadores distintos e não comparáveis.

Should there be recommendations race in health publications An emphatic yes Santos Bastos Kaingang Batista 2022

Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 2022

Cabem recomendações para usos de “raça” nas publicações em saúde? Um enfático “sim”, inclusive pelas implicações para as práticas antirracistas - CSP 2022

Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto (Open Access) sob a licença Creative Commons Attribut... more

Indigenous migration patterns in Brazil based on the 2010 national demographic census: analysis and critical reflection

by Ricardo Ventura Santos and Carlos E . A . Coimbra, Jr

SN - Social Sciences, 2021

Research in several Latin American countries points to violence, loss of traditional territories,... more Research in several Latin American countries points to violence, loss of traditional territories, and seeking education, health, and wage labor as key variables in triggering rural-urban migration among Indigenous people. This study presents an analysis of the migration patterns of Indigenous people in Brazil, compared to nonindigenous people, based on data from the most recent national census, conducted in 2010. Migration characteristics related to lifetime migration and recent migration were investigated by means of descriptive and multivariable logistic regression analyses. The findings pointed to complex mobility scenarios according to migrants' Indigenous status and geographical regions of origin and destination. Indigenous people living in urban areas presented high levels of mobility (approximately 50% lived in different municipalities from those where they were born), which were more pronounced than those of non-Indigenous people. Indigenous people living in rural areas presented the lowest levels of migration (approximately 90% residing in their municipality of birth). Statistical modeling confirmed the patterns observed in descriptive analysis, highlighting the marked mobility of Indigenous subjects in urban areas. We emphasize the limitations of using census data for characterizing Indigenous mobility profiles, although no other nationally representative data are available. The finding that the Indigenous population living in urban areas presents rates of migration higher than their non-Indigenous counterparts is particularly important for the planning and implementation of a broad range of public policies aimed at ethnic minorities in the country, including health, education, and housing initiatives.

Pandemia de Covid-19 e os povos indígenas no Brasil: cenários sociopolíticos e epidemiológicos

Health reform and Indigenous health policy in Brazil: contexts, actors and discourses

by Ana Lucia Pontes and Ricardo Ventura Santos

Health Policy and Planning , 2020

Given the challenges related to reducing socio-economic and health inequalities, building specifi... more Given the challenges related to reducing socio-economic and health inequalities, building specific health system approaches for Indigenous peoples is critical. In Brazil, following constitutional reforms that led to the universalization of health care in the late 1980s, a specific health subsystem was created for Indigenous peoples in 1999. In this paper, we use a historical perspective to contextualize the creation of the Indigenous Health Subsystem in Brazil. This study is based on data from interviews with Indigenous and non-Indigenous subjects and document-based analysis. In the 1980s, during the post-dictatorship period in Brazil, the emergence of Indigenous movements in the country and the support for pro-Indigenous organizations helped establish a political agenda that emphasized a broad range of issues, including the right to a specific health policy. Indigenous leaders established alliances with participants of the Brazilian health reform movement, which resulted in broad debates about the specificities of Indigenous peoples, and the need for a specific health subsystem. We highlight three main points in our analysis: (1) the centrality of a holistic health perspective; (2) the emphasis on social participation; (3) the need for the reorganization of health care. These points proved to be convergent with the development of the Brazilian health reform and were expressed in documents of the Indigenist Missionary Council (CIMI) and the Union of Indigenous Nations (UNI). They were also consolidated in the final report of the First National Conference on the Protection of Indigenous Health in 1986, becoming the cornerstone of the national Indigenous health policy declared in 1999. Our analysis reveals that Indigenous people and pro-Indigenous groups were key players in the development of the Indigenous Health Subsystem in Brazil.

Ancestralidade genética indígena como fator de risco para tuberculose? Perspectivas críticas e implicações em políticas públicas na saúde indígena

Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 2020

Amerindian genetic ancestry as a risk factor for tuberculosis? Critical perspectives and implications for public policies in indigenous peoples’s health

Cadernos de Saude Publica, 2020

A "total social fact": COVID-19 and indigenous peoples in Brazil

by Ricardo Ventura Santos and Ana Lucia Pontes

Cadernos de Saude Publica, 2020

Pontes et al. Saude Indígena Saude em Debate - 2019

by Ana Lucia Pontes, Ricardo Ventura Santos, and Carolina A . G . BRITO

Avaliação da atenção pré-natal ofertada às mulheres indígenas no Brasil: achados do Primeiro Inquérito Nacional de Saúde e Nutrição dos Povos Indígenas. [Assessment of prenatal care for indigenous women in Brazil: findings from the First National Survey of Indigenous People’s Health and Nutrition].

by Carlos E . A . Coimbra, Jr, Ricardo Ventura Santos, and James R Welch

Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 2019

Este estudo avalia a atenção pré-natal de mulheres indígenas com idades entre 14-49 anos, com fil... more Este estudo avalia a atenção pré-natal de mulheres indígenas com idades entre 14-49 anos, com filhos menores de 60 meses no Brasil. O Primeiro Inquérito Nacional de Saúde e Nutrição dos Povos Indígenas avaliou 3.967 mulheres que atendiam a tais requisitos, sendo 41,3% da Região Norte; 21,2% do Centro-oeste; 22,2% do Nordeste; e 15% do Sul/Sudeste. O pré-natal foi ofertado a 3.437 (86,6%) delas. A Região Norte registrou a maior proporção de mulheres que não fizeram pré-natal. A cobertura alcançada foi de 90,4%, mas somente cerca de 30% iniciaram o pré-natal no 1 o trimestre e apenas 60% das elegíveis foram vacinadas contra difteria e tétano. Somente 16% das gestantes indígenas realizaram 7 ou mais consultas de pré-natal. Ter acesso a pelo me-nos um cuidado clínico-obstétrico foi observado em cerca de 97% dos registros, exceto exame de mamas (63%). Foi baixa a solicitação de exames (glicemia 53,6%, urina 53%, hemograma 56,9%, citologia oncótica 12,9%, teste de sífilis 57,6%, sorologia para HIV 44,2%, hepatite B 53,6%, rubéola 21,4% e toxoplas-mose 32,6%) e prescrição de sulfato ferroso (44,1%). No conjunto, a proporção de solicitações de exames laboratoriais preconizados não ultrapassou 53%. Os percentuais de realização das ações do pré-natal das indígenas são mais bai-xos que os encontrados para mulheres não indígenas no conjunto do território nacional, e até mesmo para as residentes em regiões de elevada vulnerabilidade social e baixa cobertura assistencial como a Amazônia Legal e o Nordeste. Os resultados reafirmam a persistência de desigualdades étnico-raciais que comprometem a saúde e o bem-estar de mães indígenas.

Indigenous children and adolescent mortality inequity in Brazil: What can we learn from the 2010 National Demographic Census

by Carlos E . A . Coimbra, Jr, Ricardo Ventura Santos, and James R Welch

SSM - Population Health, 2020

Indigenous peoples worldwide are highly disadvantaged compared to national baseline populations. ... more Indigenous peoples worldwide are highly disadvantaged compared to national baseline populations. Given historical challenges to accessing relevant data for Brazil, the present study innovates by using 2010 Brazilian National Demographic Census data to estimate mortality curves in Indigenous children and adolescents <20 years. The non-parametric smoothing approach TOPALS (tool for projecting age-specific rates using linear splines) was employed. Analyses included stratifications by sex, rural or urban residence, and geopolitical region. The mortality of children and adolescents classified as Indigenous was higher for all analyzed strata. Mortality of Indigenous and non-Indigenous individuals in rural areas was higher than those in urban areas in almost all strata analyzed. Mortality levels in the Indigenous segment exceed those of children and adolescents classified as non-Indigenous in all four geopolitical regions, with few exceptions. This is the first study to compare mortality curves of children and adolescents in Brazil according to social variables based on national census data. More Indigenous children and adolescents die than their non-Indigenous counterparts, including those classified as black or brown, in both rural and urban residential settings. Indigenous children and adolescents are consistently at the most disadvantaged end of a marked gradient of ethnic-racial inequality in Brazil, independently of sex, age, and geopolitical region.

Raupp et al - Saneamento basico e desigualdades de cor raca criancas menores 5 anos - CSP 2019

Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 2019

Coletânea "Vozes Indígenas na Saúde - Trajetórias, Memórias e Protagonismos (Ana Lucia Pontes, Vanessa Hacon, Eloy Terena & Ricardo Ventura Santos, Orgs.) - Piseagrama & Editora Fiocruz, 2022

Coletânea "Vozes Indígenas na Saúde - Trajetórias, Memórias e Protagonismos (Ana Lucia Pontes, Vanessa Hacon, Eloy Terena & Ricardo Ventura Santos, Orgs.) - Piseagrama & Editora Fiocruz, 2022, 2022

“A Gente Precisa Lutar de Todas as Formas”: Povos Indígenas e o Enfrentamento da Covid-19 no Brasil - Coletânea organizada por Daniela Alarcon, Ana Lúcia Pontes, Felipe Sotto Maior Cruz & Ricardo Ventura Santos, São Paulo: Hucitec Editora & Rio de Janeiro: ABRASCO, 2022

“A Gente Precisa Lutar de Todas as Formas”: Povos indígenas e o Enfrentamento da Covid-19 no Brasil - São Paulo, Hucitec & Rio de Janeiro, ABRASCO, 2022

Politicas Antes da Politica de Saúde Indígena - Brasil (Ana Lucia Pontes, Felipe Machado & Ricardo Ventura Santos, Orgs.). Editora Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, 2021.

Politicas Antes da Politica de Saúde Indígena - Brasil (Ana Lucia Pontes, Felipe Machado & Ricardo Ventura Santos, Orgs.). Editora Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, 2021., 2021

709-no-supremo-povos-indigenas-e-o-direitode-existir/>. Acesso em: 9 fev. 2021. Referências

Entre Antropologia e Demografia - Povos Indígenas no Brasil, Editora Fiocruz, 2019

Entre Antropologia e Demografia - Povos Indígenas no Brasil, 2019

Há quase quatro décadas atrás, em 1982, realizou-se uma sessão sobre demografia dos povos indígen... more Há quase quatro décadas atrás, em 1982, realizou-se uma sessão sobre demografia dos povos indígenas no 3º Encontro Nacional da Associação Brasileira de Estudos Populacionais (Abep), em Vitória (ES). Foi nesse evento, organizado pela antropóloga Lux Vidal, da Universidade de São Paulo, que, pela primeira vez, se debateu o tema da demografia indígena de maneira explícita e ampla em um evento da Abep, a principal associação acadêmica que congrega interessados no estudo de populações no Brasil. Intitulada "Demografia dos grupos étnicos minoritários: índios", a sessão contou com quatro apresentadores: o antropólogo Leonardo Fígoli, da Universidade de Brasília, com o trabalho "Migração indígena a Manaus"; o antropólogo Jorge Oswaldo Romano, com a comunicação "Etnicidad y proletarizacion"; o geneticista Francisco M. Salzano, da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, com o texto "Fertilidade, mortalidade, migração e miscigenação em 14 tribos indígenas da América do Sul", e a própria Vidal, cuja contribuição teve o mesmo título da sessão. Em sua apresentação, Vidal justificou a organização da sessão: Estudar a evolução demográfica dos índios brasileiros esbarra imediatamente com várias dificuldades, a da precariedade e irregularidade dos censos, a falta absoluta de estatísticas vitais contínuas e geralmente, o pouco interesse científico manifestado com relação aos dados demográficos como capazes de auxiliar a compreensão de outros aspectos, como a organização política, a adaptação ao meio ambiente, as migrações e guerras, a visão do mundo, assim como as reações ao processo aculturativo. A reconstituição da história demográfica de cada grupo específico é extremamente difícil e desigual no seu valor, onde foi realizada, e na maioria dos casos é inexistente. (Vidal, 1982a: 405

Mestizo Genomics - Race, Mixture, Nation, and Science in Latin America - Duke University Press - 2014.pdf

by Peter Wade, Ricardo Ventura Santos, and Eduardo Restrepo

The Xavante in Transition: Health, Ecology, and Bioanthropology in Central Brazil

by Carlos E . A . Coimbra, Jr, Nancy M Flowers, and Ricardo Ventura Santos

Santos & Coimbra eds - Saude dos Povos Indigenas Editora Fiocruz 1994

Genomic Research, Publics and Experts in Latin America: Nation, Race and Body

by Peter Wade and Ricardo Ventura Santos

The articles in this issue highlight contributions that studies of Latin America can make to wide... more The articles in this issue highlight contributions that studies of Latin America can make to wider debates about the effects of genomic science on public ideas about race and nation. We argue that current ideas about the power of genomics to transfigure and transform existing ways of thinking about human diversity are often overstated. If a range of social contexts are examined, the effects are uneven. Our data show that genomic knowledge can unsettle and reinforce ideas of nation and race; it can be both banal and highly politicized. In this introduction, we outline concepts of genetic knowledge in society; theories of genetics, nation and race; approaches to public understandings of science; and the Latin American contexts of transnational ideas of nation and race.

Textos - Saúde, alimentação e nutrição indígena no Brasil - EAD

Na Primeira Margem do Rio: Território e Ecologia do Povo Xavante de Wedezé (Rio de Janeiro: Museu do Índio/FUNAI, 2013)

by Ricardo Ventura Santos, James R Welch, Nancy M Flowers, and Carlos E . A . Coimbra, Jr

Identidades Emergentes, Genética e Saúde: Perspectivas Antropológicas (Garamond & Editora Fiocruz, 2012)

Racial Identities, Genetic Ancestry, and Health in South America: Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, and Uruguay (Palgrave MacMillan 2011)

Raça como Questão: História, Ciência e Identidades no Brasil (Editora Fiocruz, 2010)

Demografia dos Povos Indígenas no Brasil (Editora Fiocruz & ABEP, 2005)

Inventário Analítico do Arquivo de Antropologia Física do Museu Nacional (Museu Nacional, 2006)

Revisão e normalização: Irene Ernest Dias (textos de Apresentação e Introdução) e intelectuais re... more

Epidemiologia e Saúde dos Povos Indígenas no Brasil (Editora Fiocruz & Abrasco, 2003)

The Xavante in Transition: Health, Ecology and Bioanthropology in Central Brazil (University of Michigan Press, 2002)

Bate Papo na Saude/ Canal Saúde/ Fiocruz - Impactos Sociais da Pandemia - Covid19 e Povos Indigenas - 14 junho 2021

Canal Saúde - Entrevista - Livro 'Entre Antropologia e Demografia Povos Indígenas no Brasil' Editora Fiocruz,

Canal Saúde 'Entre Antropologia e Demografia Povos Indígenas no Brasil' Editora Fiocruz, 2019

Museu Nacional: ruínas precoces, fiapos de esperança

Canal Brasil - Programa TV - Conhecendo o Museu Nacional - 2012.pdf

Race, health, and discrimination: historical and contemporary perspectives from Brazil and the United States

This Supplement of CSP is the result of an interdisciplinary international conference Race, Healt... more This Supplement of CSP is the result of an interdisciplinary international conference Race, Health, and Discrimination: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives, held in Rio de Ja-neiro, Brazil, in August 2015. The Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) and the University of Michigan collaborated to bring together approximately 40 scholars from Brazil and the United States to examine the status of current research and knowledge around race, health, and discrimination. This conference was one facet of a larger collaboration between Fiocruz and the University of Michigan that encompasses research areas in health, human rights, maternal and infant care, epidemiology and the history of medicine and public health. From the outset, we envisioned this as an interdisciplinary gathering – a type of academic meeting that is all too uncommon in academia. With this goal in mind, we brought together epidemiologists, historians, clinical researchers, anthropologists, geneticists, and sociologists to present diverse approaches to studying race/color, racism, and racial formation in relation to health and disease. The three co-organizers recognized the importance of race/color – as categories and lived experience – in studies of health and society around the world, and increasingly in Brazil. We also recognized that foregrounding race/color in Brazil can often require swimming upstream, given both the influences of longstanding conceptions of " racial democracy " , and the challenges associated with classifying race in a country where racial and ethnic survey categories vary regionally and over time. Despite this fluidity, ethnic and racial inequalities in health have been documented and reveal that black, indigenous and brown people face undisputable health inequalities. The disciplinary backgrounds of the three co-organizers – Dóra Chor, Alexandra Min-na Stern, and Ricardo Ventura Santos – exemplifies our interest in interdisciplinary cross-fertilization. Chor, an epidemiologist, has been at the forefront of a new wave of epide-miologic and public health research that demonstrates empirically the existence and profound implications of racial health inequalities in Brazil. Stern, a historian, has focused on changes and continuities in racial regimes and stereotypes in relation to health and illness in Latin America and the United States. Santos, an anthropologist, has written extensively on the complex relationship between racial/ ethnic identities, health and technoscience in Brazil. In addition to topics of race and health, the three editors have worked purposefully

Cemitério dos Pretos Novos (Ciência Hoje, 2012)

Entrevista com Ricardo Ventura Santos sobre povos indígenas nos censos demográficos, ENSP/TV, 2014

Programa sobre livro "Raça, Ciência e Sociedade" - Canal Saúde/ Fiocruz - Entrevista com Ricardo Ventura Santos, 2009

Programa sobre livro "Identidades Emergentes, Genética e Saúde: Perspectivas Antropológicas" - Canal Saúde/ Fiocruz - Entrevista com Ricardo Ventura Santos, 2012

Sangue, bioética e populações indígenas

by Carlos E . A . Coimbra, Jr and Ricardo Ventura Santos

Empresa comercializa culturas de celulas dos índios Karitiana e Suruí, de Rondônia...

Resenha bibliográfica/ book review - "Indigenous Peoples and Demography: The Complex Relation between Identity and Statistics", edited by Axellson & Skold, 2011) (Revista Bras. Estudos População, 2013).

AXELSSON, P.; SKÖLD, P. (Orgs.). Indigenous peoples and demography: the complex relation between ... more

VIII Seminário de Demografia dos Povos Indígenas, Rio de Janeiro, Agosto 26-28, 2015

Seminário Raça, Discriminação e Saúde - Rio de Janeiro - Agosto 12-14, 2015

The association between chronic non-communicable diseases, race and genetic factors in Brazil: di... more

Programa sobre livro "Arquivo de Antropologia Física do Museu Nacional" - Canal Saúde/ Fiocruz - Entrevista com Claudia Rodrigues Carvalho e Ricardo Ventura Santos, 2016

Inventário Analítico do Arquivo de Antropologia Física do Museu Nacional - Programa Ciência e Le... more

Programa sobre livro "Raça como Questão: História, Ciência e Identidades no Brasil" - Canal Saúde/ Fiocruz - Entrevista com Marcos Chor Maio e Ricardo Ventura Santos, 2011

Ricardo Ventura Santos - Promoção Prof. Titular - Memorial - 31 outubro 2016.pdf

Memorial para Promoção para Professor Titular no Departamento de Antropologia, Museu Nacional, Un... more

Luso-tropicalism and Its Discontents [Introduction by Warwick Anderson, Ricardo Roque and Ricardo Ventura Santos]

by Ricardo Roque and Ricardo Ventura Santos

Luso-tropicalism and Its Discontents: The Making and Unmaking of Racial Exceptionalism, Oxford: Berghahn, 2019

Modern perceptions of race across much of the Global South are indebted to the Brazilian social s... more Modern perceptions of race across much of the Global South are indebted to the Brazilian social scientist Gilberto Freyre, who in works such as The Masters and the Slaves claimed that Portuguese colonialism produced exceptionally benign and tolerant race relations. This volume radically reinterprets Freyre’s Luso-tropicalist arguments and critically engages with the historical complexity of racial concepts and practices in the Portuguese-speaking world. Encompassing Brazil as well as Portuguese-speaking societies in Africa, Asia, and even Portugal itself, it places an interdisciplinary group of scholars in conversation to challenge the conventional understanding of twentieth-century racialization, proffering new insights into such controversial topics as human plasticity, racial amalgamation, and the tropes and proxies of whiteness.

De la degeneración al punto de encuentro: visiones históricas de la raza, el mestizaje y la diversidad biológica de la población brasileña

by Ricardo Ventura Santos and Verlan V Gaspar Neto

Genómica Mestiza: Raza, Nación y Ciencia en Latinoamérica, 2017

En este capítulo, los autores analizan la trayectoria de los estudios en los campos de la antropo... more En este capítulo, los autores analizan la trayectoria de los estudios en los campos de la antropología física y la genética de poblaciones sobre raza, mestizaje y diversidad biológica humana en Brasil desde finales del siglo XIX hasta la actualidad. El argumento es que, aunque ha habido profundas transformaciones teóricas y metodológicas en los últimos 150 años desde el punto de vista del pensamiento científico, la cuestión del mestizaje ha sido un punto clave en el estudio de la diversidad biológica de la población brasileña.

Cenários e tendências da saúde e da epidemiologia dos povos indígenas no Brasil

by Carlos E . A . Coimbra, Jr and Ricardo Ventura Santos

Santos - Prefacio "Lagoa Santa: História das Pesquisas Arqueológicas e Paleontológicas" - editado por Da-Gloria, Neves & Hubbe (2016)

A Half-Century Portrait: Health Transition in the Xavante Indians from Central Brazil. In: E.S. Brondízio and E.F. Moran (eds.), Human-Environment Interactions: Current and Future Directions. Human-Environment Interactions Series vol. 1. Dordrecht: Springer Science, 2013; pp. 29-52.

by Carlos E . A . Coimbra, Jr and Ricardo Ventura Santos

This chapter discusses some of the most recent studies that have been conducted among the indigen... more This chapter discusses some of the most recent studies that have been conducted among the indigenous Xavante people in Central Brazil by members of the research group Health, Epidemiology and Anthropology of Indigenous Peoples, coordinated by Ricardo Ventura Santos and Carlos E. A. Coimbra Jr., from the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro. Members of this research group first studied the Xavante in 1990 and have since published on such diverse topics such as nutrition, subsistence, demography, epidemiology of infectious and parasitic diseases, and social organization. Recently, the group has focused on the relationship between health profiles and emergent forms of socioeconomic differentiation internal to specific Xavante communities. Additionally, they have begun publishing the results of longitudinal studies that document phenomena that had not yet been evident in cross-sectional approaches. In this chapter, they illustrate these new directions with examples of recent research on dental health, demography, and nutrition transition. These examples demonstrate the interrelatedness of health and various ecological, political, economic, and sociocultural transformations of different temporal scales.

Alimentação e nutrição dos povos indígenas no Brasil. In: Epidemiologia Nutricional (G. Kac, R. Sichieri, D.P. Gigante, organizadores). Rio de Janeiro: Editora Fiocruz e Atheneu, 2007; pp. 503-517.

by Carlos E . A . Coimbra, Jr and Ricardo Ventura Santos

Indigenous peoples, bioanthropological research, and ethics in Brazil: Issues in participation and consent (book chapter, Taylor and Francis, 2006)

"The Nature of Difference: Science, Society and Human Biology", George Ellison and Alan H. Goodman, eds., London: Taylor and Francis, 2006, 2006

From degeneration to meeting point: historical views on race, mixture, and the biological diversity of the Brazilian population (In: Mestizo Genomics, Duke University Press, 2014)

Mestizo Genomics: Race Mixture, Nation, and Science in Latin America (edited by Peter Wade, Carlos Lopez-Beltran, Eduardo Restrepo and Ricardo Ventura Santos, Duke University Press), 2014

Políticas públicas de saúde para os povos indígenas

Arquivo de Antropologia Física do Museu Nacional: fontes para a história da eugenia no Brasil (In: Marcus Granato. (Org.). Mast: 30 anos de parceria. 1ed.Rio de Janeito: Museu de Astronomia e Ciências Afins (MAST), 2016, v. 14, p. 49-64)

by Vanderlei Sebastião de Souza, Ricardo Ventura Santos, Ozana Hannesch, and Claudia Carvalho

A partir de meados dos anos 1980, os estudos sobre eugenia tornaram-se bastante recorrentes na hi... more A partir de meados dos anos 1980, os estudos sobre eugenia tornaram-se bastante recorrentes na historiografia internacional. Vista até então como pseudociência, um conhecimento baseado numa visão tendenciosa e não objetiva, parte dos historiadores entendia que a história da eugenia pouco tinha a nos dizer sobre a sociedade, política e ciência das primeiras décadas do século XX. Sob tal ponto de vista, os divulgadores da eugenia nada mais eram do que um grupo de intelectuais e políticos reacionários e racistas, fortemente ligados ao nazi-fascismo e ao arianismo (ADAMS, 1990, p.220). Entretanto, ao retomar os estudos sobre os significados das ideias eugênicas, a historiografia tem demonstrado que a eugenia não foi uma obra alheia à nova ordem racional da civilização; ao contrário, foi um "produto legítimo do espírito moderno, daquela ânsia de auxiliar e apressar o progresso da humanidade rumo à perfeição que foi por toda parte a mais eminente marca da era moderna" (BAUMAN, 1999, p.33).

Da morfologia às moléculas, de raça à população: trajetórias conceituais em antropologia física no século XX (book chapter, Editora Fiocruz, 1996)

Raça, Ciência e Sociedade (Marcos Chor Maio & Ricardo Ventura Santos, eds), Rio de Janeiro: Editora Fiocruz, 1996

On the (un)natural natural history of the Tupi-Monde Indians (book chapter, University of Michigan Press, 1998)

Chapter in the book "Building a New Biocultural Synthesis: Political-Economic Perspectives on Human Biology,", edited by Alan Goodman and Thomas Leatherman, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1998., 1998

Introdução - 5o. Edição de "Rondonia", de Edgard Roquette-Pinto (book chapter, Editora Fiocruz, 2005)

"Rondonia: Antropologia-Etnografia", por Edgard Roquette-Pinto, 5a. edição, Rio de Janeiro: Editora Fiocruz, 2005

A Half-Century Portrait: Health Transition in the Xavante Indians from Central Brazil

by James R Welch and Ricardo Ventura Santos

Human-Environment Interactions, 2012

This chapter discusses some of the most recent studies that have been conducted among the indigen... more This chapter discusses some of the most recent studies that have been conducted among the indigenous Xavante people in Central Brazil by members of the research group Health, Epidemiology and Anthropology of Indigenous Peoples, coordinated by Ricardo Ventura Santos and Carlos E. A. Coimbra Jr., from the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro. Members of this research group first studied the Xavante in 1990 and have since published on such diverse topics such as nutrition, subsistence, demography, epidemiology of infectious and parasitic diseases, and social organization. Recently, the group has focused on the relationship between health profiles and emergent forms of socioeconomic differentiation internal to specific Xavante communities. Additionally, they have begun publishing the results of longitudinal studies that document phenomena that had not yet been evident in cross-sectional approaches. In this chapter, they illustrate these new directions with examples of recent research on dental health, demography, and nutrition transition. These examples demonstrate the interrelatedness of health and various ecological, political, economic, and sociocultural transformations of different temporal scales.

Saúde indígena em Rondônia na década de 90. In: C.A. Ricardo (ed.), Povos Indígenas no Brasil: 1996/2000, pp. 591-593. São Paulo: Instituto Socioambiental, 2000. [ISBN 85-994-09-6]

by Carlos E . A . Coimbra, Jr and Ricardo Ventura Santos

Sistema em transição: a saúde indígena. In: C.A. Ricardo & F. Ricardo (eds.), Povos Indígenas no Brasil 2001-2005, pp. 141-144. São Paulo: Instituto Socioambiental, 2006. [ISBN 85-85994-40-1]

by Carlos E . A . Coimbra, Jr and Ricardo Ventura Santos

Introdução à Rondonia de Edgard Roquette-Pinto. In: Edgard Roquette-Pinto (eds.), Rondonia: Anthropologia - Ethnografia, 7a. edição, por Edgard Roquette- Pinto, pp. 25-39. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Fiocruz e Academia Brasileira de Letras, 2005. [ISBN 85-7541-070-9]

by Carlos E . A . Coimbra, Jr and Ricardo Ventura Santos

Genómica mestiza. Raza, nación y ciencia en Latinoamérica

by Peter Wade and Ricardo Ventura Santos

Live - Agora Abrasco 20 anos do GT de Saude dos Povos Indigenas Abrasco 03 dezembro 2020

Agora Associacao Brasileira de Saude Coletiva - 20 anos do Grupo de Tabalho de Saude dos Povos Indigenas no Brasil - 03 dezembro 2020, 2020

Coloquios Fiocruz 2018 Ricardo Ventura Santos Saude dos Povos Indigenas

Nota Técnica de 17 de agosto de 2020 em resposta à intimação 2636/2020: manifestação ao Supremo Tribunal Federal do Grupo de Consultores do GT de Saúde Indígena da Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva e Fundação Oswaldo Cruz referente a medida cautelar na arguição de descumprimento de preceito...

Políticas públicas em saúde para os povos indígenas

Vigilância alimentar e nutricional para a saúde Indígena

Parturição em Mulheres Indígenas e Não Indígenas do Brasil: o número de filhos relatados depende de quem responde às perguntas do censo nacional?

Entre Demografia e Antropologia: povos indígenas no Brasil

Em razão das trajetórias históricas distintas, das variadas formas de classificação e da falta de... more Em razão das trajetórias históricas distintas, das variadas formas de classificação e da falta de dados estatísticos confiáveis, estimar o tamanho das populações indígenas ao redor do mundo se impõe como uma tarefa de considerável complexidade (Axelsson & Sköld, 2011; Paho, 2006; UN, 2009). Em meio ao reconhecimento dessa complexidade, observa-se uma preocupação crescente com os dados de natureza demográfica e de saúde desses grupos étnicos específicos, os quais tendem a apresentar piores condições de vida do que as sociedades nacionais que compartilham do mesmo território. Com o objetivo de descrever as condições de vida e avaliar a magnitude das desigualdades em suas dimensões demográficas e de saúde, agências internacionais têm encorajado países das mais variadas regiões do planeta a incluir questões voltadas para as condições sociodemográficas dos povos indígenas em suas pesquisas censitárias de abrangência nacional (Paho, 2006; UN, 2009). Estima-se que há mais de 400 diferentes grupos indígenas na América Latina e no Caribe, com uma população total de cerca de 50 milhões de indivíduos (McSweeney & Arps,

Health of Indigenous Peoples in Brazil: Inequities and the Uneven Trajectory of Public Policies

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Global Public Health

Victims of epidemics, slavery, genocide, and countless other episodes of violence during the colo... more Victims of epidemics, slavery, genocide, and countless other episodes of violence during the colonial enterprise in Brazil, which continues decades into the 21st century in some regions, Indigenous peoples face health inequities resulting from a five-century history of social marginalization and vulnerability. Since the late 1990s, the health and well-being of Indigenous peoples in the country have benefited from progressive legislation that values sociocultural diversity within a public primary healthcare subsystem attending to Indigenous peoples living in federal Indigenous lands. However, these transcultural ideals remain elusive in practice. The Indigenous Healthcare Subsystem continues to suffer from numerous systemic problems, including low quality of local services, lack of health professional training for work in intercultural contexts, and unpreparedness for attending to health emergencies involving Indigenous peoples living in voluntary isolation. Being Indigenous in Brazi...

Hipertensão arterial em mulheres indígenas no Brasil: resultados do inquérito nacional de saúde e nutrição dos povos indígenas

ABRASCO, 2018

Processo saúde–doença

Vigilância alimentar e nutricional para a saúde Indígena, 2007

All the contents of this work, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons... more All the contents of this work, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Todo o conteúdo deste trabalho, exceto quando houver ressalva, é publicado sob a licença Creative Commons Atribição 4.0. Todo el contenido de esta obra, excepto donde se indique lo contrario, está bajo licencia de la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimento 4.0.

Birth weight of indigenous children in Brazil: results of the First National Survey of Indigenous People’s Health and Nutrition

Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 2021

Birth weight is an important predictor of perinatal, infant, and preschool-age children morbimort... more Birth weight is an important predictor of perinatal, infant, and preschool-age children morbimortality. However, information about indigenous children’s birth weight is still scarce. This study aimed to analyze the birth weight of indigenous children based on data from the First National Survey of Indigenous People’s Health and Nutrition, Brazil (2008-2009). This is the first study to address indigenous children’s birth weight based on a nationwide representative sample. Mean birth weights and the respective standard deviations were calculated according to geopolitical region, sex, type of birth, and birthplace. The chi-square test was used to analyze differences in proportions, and Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests in means, considering sample design and data normality. We found no records on birth weight in the researched documents for 26.7% of the 6,128 sampled children. The mean birth weight for the 3,994 children included in the analyses was 3,201g (standard deviation - S...

O Brasil seis meses após a declaração da Covid-19 como pandemia global

Diplomacia da saúde e Covid-19: reflexões a meio caminho, 2020

All the contents of this work, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons... more All the contents of this work, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Todo o conteúdo deste trabalho, exceto quando houver ressalva, é publicado sob a licença Creative Commons Atribição 4.0. Todo el contenido de esta obra, excepto donde se indique lo contrario, está bajo licencia de la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimento 4.0.

Risco de espalhamento da COVID-19 em populações indígenas: considerações preliminares sobre vulnerabilidade geográfica e sociodemográfica

Esse relatorio analisa o potencial de exposicao de populacoes indigenas a COVID-19 conforme ocorr... more Esse relatorio analisa o potencial de exposicao de populacoes indigenas a COVID-19 conforme ocorre a disseminacao do SARS-CoV-2 pelo territorio brasileiro. Integrando diversas bases de dados, busca-se identificar quais sao os segmentos da populacao indigena que apresentam maior vulnerabilidade segundo diferentes recortes populacionais, representados por indigenas residentes em municipios e zonas urbanas e rurais, em municipios abrangidos por Distritos Sanitarios Especiais Indigenas (DSEIs) e em Terras Indigenas (TIs) oficialmente reconhecidas. As analises baseiam-se na exposicao geografica da populacao indigena em municipios classificados segundo niveis de probabilidade de epidemia, estimada para a populacao municipal, com base em metodologia previamente reportada. Adicionalmente, foram descritos fatores socioeconomicos e demograficos potencialmente relacionados a vulnerabilidade a ocorrencia de COVID-19 na populacao residente em TIs. Por ser o primeiro relatorio de uma serie que bu...

Covid-19 no Brasil: cenários epidemiológicos e vigilância em saúde

Apresentar um diagnóstico e constituir uma memória sobre a evolução da pandemia no Brasil, a part... more Apresentar um diagnóstico e constituir uma memória sobre a evolução da pandemia no Brasil, a partir de registros e análises de dados, sistemas de monitoramento e vigilância em saúde. É com esse intuito que o Observatório Covid-19 Fiocruz e a Editora Fiocruz publicam, em coedição, mais um e-book gratuito. Em três partes, que englobam um total de 25 capítulos, o título agrega os muitos desafios da comunidade científica brasileira - especialmente das equipes técnicas da Fiocruz - para a avaliação de cenários epidemiológicos diante da chegada do vírus Sars-CoV-2 ao país. Em um contexto que inclui dados reportados nos sistemas de vigilância epidemiológica, uso de modelos matemáticos e estatísticos, painéis de acompanhamento dos dados e sistemas de informação em saúde, o volume detalha os esforços e contribuições para a formulação de estratégias de mitigação e supressão da transmissão da doença. Este é o terceiro livro da série "Informação para Ação na Covid-19", que tem como ob...

7 - Vulnerabilidade das populações indígenas à pandemia de Covid- 19 no Brasil e os desafios para o seu monitoramento

Covid-19 no Brasil: cenários epidemiológicos e vigilância em saúde, 2021

All the contents of this work, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons... more All the contents of this work, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Todo o conteúdo deste trabalho, exceto quando houver ressalva, é publicado sob a licença Creative Commons Atribição 4.0. Todo el contenido de esta obra, excepto donde se indique lo contrario, está bajo licencia de la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimento 4.0. Parte I-Cenários 7. Vulnerabilidade das populações indígenas à pandemia de Covid-19 no Brasil e os desafios para o seu monitoramento

Demografia, epidemias e organização social: os Xavánte de Pimentel Barbosa (Etéñitépa), Mato Grosso

Demografia dos povos indígenas no Brasil, 2005

All the contents of this work, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons... more All the contents of this work, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported. Todo o conteúdo deste trabalho, exceto quando houver ressalva, é publicado sob a licença Creative Commons Atribuição-Uso Não Comercial-Partilha nos Mesmos Termos 3.0 Não adaptada. Todo el contenido de esta obra, excepto donde se indique lo contrario, está bajo licencia de la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 3.0 Unported.

Indigenous migration patterns in Brazil based on the 2010 national demographic census: analysis and critical reflection

SN Social Sciences, 2021

Research in several Latin American countries points to violence, loss of traditional territories,... more Research in several Latin American countries points to violence, loss of traditional territories, and seeking education, health, and wage labor as key variables in triggering rural–urban migration among Indigenous people. This study presents an analysis of the migration patterns of Indigenous people in Brazil, compared to non-indigenous people, based on data from the most recent national census, conducted in 2010. Migration characteristics related to lifetime migration and recent migration were investigated by means of descriptive and multivariable logistic regression analyses. The findings pointed to complex mobility scenarios according to migrants’ Indigenous status and geographical regions of origin and destination. Indigenous people living in urban areas presented high levels of mobility (approximately 50% lived in different municipalities from those where they were born), which were more pronounced than those of non-Indigenous people. Indigenous people living in rural areas pre...

Ancestralidade genética indígena como fator de risco para tuberculose? Perspectivas críticas e implicações em políticas públicas na saúde indígena

Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 2020

Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto (Open Access) sob a licença Creative Commons Attribut... more

Um “fato social total”: COVID-19 e povos indígenas no Brasil

Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 2020

Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto (Open Access) sob a licença Creative Commons Attribut... more

Socioeconomic determinants of excess weight and obesity among Indigenous women: findings from the First National Survey of Indigenous People’s Health and Nutrition in Brazil

Public Health Nutrition, 2020

Objective:This article assesses the nutritional status of Indigenous women from 14 to 49 years of... more Objective:This article assesses the nutritional status of Indigenous women from 14 to 49 years of age in Brazil.Design:Sample size was calculated for each region considering a prevalence of 50 % for all disease outcomes, a relative error of 5 % and a CI of 95 %. In the initial data analysis, the prevalence of excess weight and obesity was calculated according to independent variables. Multivariate multilevel hierarchical analyses were conducted based on a theoretical model of two ranked blocks.Setting:The 2010 Indigenous population in Brazil was 896 000, with approximately 300 Indigenous ethnic groups, making Brazil one of the most ethnically diverse countries in the Americas and the world.Participants:Of the total target sample of 6722 women evaluated by the National Survey, thirty did not participate, 939 were not eligible for analyses due to pregnancy or unknown pregnancy status, and thirty-nine were excluded due to missing anthropometric data.Results:The evaluation of nutritiona...

The Xavante Longitudinal Health Study in Brazil: Objectives, design, and key results

American Journal of Human Biology, 2019

ObjectiveThe Xavante Longitudinal Health Study was developed to permit granular tracking of conte... more ObjectiveThe Xavante Longitudinal Health Study was developed to permit granular tracking of contemporary health challenges faced by indigenous communities in Brazil, taking into consideration ongoing historical processes that may be associated with increases in child undernutrition, adult obesity, and cardiovascular disease risks.MethodsThis was an open‐cohort study with six semiannual data collection waves from 2009 to 2012. The study was undertaken in two Xavante villages, Pimentel Barbosa and Etênhiritipá, State of Mato Grosso, Central Brazil. No sampling technique was used. Data collection placed emphasis on growth and nutrition of children under five and nutrition status, blood pressure, and blood glucose levels of adolescents and adults.ResultsBaseline data collection began in July/August 2009 with a population census (656 individuals). Between the first and final waves, the study population increased by 17%. At baseline, stunting and wasting was elevated for most age groups &...

Avaliação da atenção pré-natal ofertada às mulheres indígenas no Brasil: achados do Primeiro Inquérito Nacional de Saúde e Nutrição dos Povos Indígenas

Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 2019

Resumo: Este estudo avalia a atenção pré-natal de mulheres indígenas com idades entre 14-49 anos,... more Resumo: Este estudo avalia a atenção pré-natal de mulheres indígenas com idades entre 14-49 anos, com filhos menores de 60 meses no Brasil. O Primeiro Inquérito Nacional de Saúde e Nutrição dos Povos Indígenas avaliou 3.967 mulheres que atendiam a tais requisitos, sendo 41,3% da Região Norte; 21,2% do Centro-oeste; 22,2% do Nordeste; e 15% do Sul/Sudeste. O pré-natal foi ofertado a 3.437 (86,6%) delas. A Região Norte registrou a maior proporção de mulheres que não fizeram pré-natal. A cobertura alcançada foi de 90,4%, mas somente cerca de 30% iniciaram o pré-natal no 1º trimestre e apenas 60% das elegíveis foram vacinadas contra difteria e tétano. Somente 16% das gestantes indígenas realizaram 7 ou mais consultas de pré-natal. Ter acesso a pelo menos um cuidado clínico-obstétrico foi observado em cerca de 97% dos registros, exceto exame de mamas (63%). Foi baixa a solicitação de exames (glicemia 53,6%, urina 53%, hemograma 56,9%, citologia oncótica 12,9%, teste de sífilis 57,6%, sor...

Building the genomic nation: ‘Homo Brasilis’ and the ‘Genoma Mexicano’ in comparative cultural perspective

Social Studies of Science, 2015

This article explores the relationship between genetic research, nationalism and the construction... more This article explores the relationship between genetic research, nationalism and the construction of collective social identities in Latin America. It makes a comparative analysis of two research projects – the ‘Genoma Mexicano’ and the ‘Homo Brasilis’ – both of which sought to establish national and genetic profiles. Both have reproduced and strengthened the idea of their respective nations of focus, incorporating biological elements into debates on social identities. Also, both have placed the unifying figure of the mestizo/ mestiço at the heart of national identity constructions, and in so doing have displaced alternative identity categories, such as those based on race. However, having been developed in different national contexts, these projects have had distinct scientific and social trajectories: in Mexico, the genomic mestizo is mobilized mainly in relation to health, while in Brazil the key arena is that of race. We show the importance of the nation as a frame for mobilizin...

Demography, Territory, and Identity of Indigenous Peoples in Brazil: The Xavante Indians and the 2000 Brazilian National Census

Human Organization, 2009

Brazilian census data show a remarkable increase in the population self-reporting as "indige... more Brazilian census data show a remarkable increase in the population self-reporting as "indigenous" between 1991 and 2000 but do not readily enable that increase to be analyzed in terms of the nearly 200 specific indigenous societies or ethnicities that exist in Brazil. In this article, we investigate some instances and implications of how the 2000 Brazilian National Census employed categories conceived for the national population to register one specific people—the Xavante of Mato Grosso, Central Brazil—with their own inherent social arrangements and morphologies. We do so by comparing census data corresponding to Xavante Indigenous Reserves with an independently collected set of demographic data for the same year. Although we found census data to adequately represent basic characteristics of the Xavante population (population size and age and sex distributions), we also found they reclassified and transformed Xavante households and thereby denatured Xavante sociality of it...