Metabolismo de Drogas 4ta Clase
Metabolismo de Drogas 4ta Clase
Metabolismo de Drogas 4ta Clase
(METABOLISMO) DE FARMACOS
A 40-year-old woman presents herself to the emergency department of
her local hospital somewhat disoriented, complaining of midsternal
chest pain, abdominal pain, shaking, and vomiting for 2 days. She
admits to having taken a “handful” of Lorcet (hydrocodone/
acetaminophen, an opioid/ nonopioid analgesic combination), Soma
(carisoprodol, a centrally acting muscle relaxant), and Cymbalta
(duloxetine HCl, an antidepressant/ antifibromyalgia agent) 2 days
earlier. On physical examination, the sclera of her eyes shows yellow
discoloration. Laboratory analyses of blood drawn within an hour of her
admission reveal abnormal liver function as indicated by the increased
indices: alkaline phosphatase 302 (41– 133)*, alanine aminotransferase
(ALT) 351 (7– 56)*, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 1,045 (0– 35)*,
bilirubin 3.33 mg/ dL (0.1– 1.2)*, and prothrombin time of 19.8 seconds
(11– 15)*. In addition, plasma bicarbonate is reduced, and she has ~
45% reduced glomerular filtration rate from the normal value at her age,
elevated serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, markedly reduced
blood glucose of 35 mg/ dL, and a plasma APAP concentration of 75
mcg/ mL (10– 20)*. Her serum titer is significantly positive for hepatitis C
virus (HCV). Given these data, how would you proceed with the
management of this case? .
Katzung, Bertram; Trevor, Anthony (2014-12-22). Basic and Clinical Pharmacology 13 E (Kindle Locations 2492-2501). McGraw-Hill Education. Kindle Edition
Xenobioticos
• Sustancia absorbida por los pulmones, la piel o
ingeridas de manera no intensional como
compuesto presente en alimentos y bebidas o
intensionalmente como farmacos o en forma
recreacional.
• Exposición a xenobioticos del medio ambiente
de manera accidental o inevitable
• Xenobioticos inocuos vs dañinos
• Metabolismo de xenobioticos y de comp
endogenos (hormonas esteoridales, vit D y
comp afines, colesterol y sales biliares)
CASE STUDY
A 40-year-old woman presents herself to the emergency department of her local
hospital somewhat disoriented, complaining of midsternal chest pain, abdominal
pain, shaking, and vomiting for 2 days. She admits to having taken a “handful” of
Lorcet (hydrocodone/ acetaminophen, an opioid/ nonopioid analgesic
combination), Soma (carisoprodol, a centrally acting muscle relaxant), and
Cymbalta (duloxetine HCl, an antidepressant/ antifibromyalgia agent) 2 days
earlier. On physical examination, the sclera of her eyes shows yellow
discoloration. Laboratory analyses of blood drawn within an hour of her
admission reveal abnormal liver function as indicated by the increased indices:
alkaline phosphatase 302 (41– 133)*, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 351 (7–
56)*, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 1,045 (0– 35)*, bilirubin 3.33 mg/ dL
(0.1– 1.2)*, and prothrombin time of 19.8 seconds (11– 15)*. In addition, plasma
bicarbonate is reduced, and she has ~ 45% reduced glomerular filtration rate
from the normal value at her age, elevated serum creatinine and blood urea
nitrogen, markedly reduced blood glucose of 35 mg/ dL, and a plasma APAP
concentration of 75 mcg/ mL (10– 20)*. Her serum titer is significantly positive for
hepatitis C virus (HCV). Given these data, how would you proceed with the
management of this case?
Katzung, Bertram; Trevor, Anthony (2014-12-22). Basic and Clinical Pharmacology 13 E (Kindle
Locations 2497-2501). McGraw-Hill Education. Kindle Edition.
ABS0RCIÓN METABOLISMO ELIMINACIÓN
FASE I FASE II
FARMACO Conjugado
Metabolito
con actividad Conjugado
modificada
FARMACO
Metabolito
inactivo Conjugado
FARMACO
LIPOFÍLICO HIDROFÍLICO
Farmaco Inactivo
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c é cualitativa o Actividad Agente
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EJEMPLOS DE FÁRMACOS Y PRO-DROGAS Y
SUS RESPECTIVOS METABOLITOS ACTIVOS
INDUCTORES INHIBIDORES
Etanol Cimetidina
Omeprazol Eritromicina
Fenobarbital Jugo de Toronja
Rifampicina Ketoconazol
Tabaquismo Quinidina
Reacciones sintéticas o de Conjugación
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19 genes codifican las proteinas UGT (UDP-glucoroniltransferasa
Factores que afecta el metabolismo de fármacos
• Diferencias individuales
• Factores genéticos
• Factores medioambientales y dieta
• Edad y sexo
• Interacciones metabólicas fármaco-
fármaco
• Enfermedades
Glucurónido de Acetaminoféna Acetaminofém Sulfato
ACETAMINOFÉN
Citocromo P-450