Saponinas Como Fungicidas
Saponinas Como Fungicidas
Saponinas Como Fungicidas
Currently there is a growing demand for fruits and vegetables free of chemical residues or
that do not exceed the maximum limits allowed. In citrus, Penicillium digitatum is considered
one of the pathogens that causes significant losses in packing sheds. Its control is based on
the treatment with fungicides, with the possibility of generating resistant strains and high
levels of residues. The search for alternatives that allow controlling the pathogen and do not
present risks to human health is of great importance. There are precedents that saponins
obtained from different plant species can be used as biocontrollers of phytopathogenic fungi,
where quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) would not be the exception. The objective of the work
was to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of saponins present in quinoa bran in the in vitro
control of P. digitatum in oranges in Jujuy, Argentina. For the development of the work was
prepared Papa Glucosado Agar supplemented with saponin solution obtained from 10%
quinoa bran (T1); Imazalil 0.1% (T2) and without additives (T). To obtain the saponin
solution, quinoa bran provided by INTA Hornillos (Jujuy) was used, 20 grams of bran were
weighed in 100 ml of sterile distilled water, stirring 30 min; subsequently it was filtered and
centrifuged for 5 min at 2,200 rpm to eliminate residues.To verify the presence of saponins,
the foam test was performed. Disks of P. digitatum colonies were planted in the center of the
Petri dishes. For each treatment, 3 repetitions of 5 boxes each were made. They were
incubated at 25 ° C for 7 days, after which the diameter of the colony was measured. The
mean diameters on the seventh day were 0.3 - 2 and 2.91 cm for T2, T1 and T respectively,
evidencing a significant difference in the treatments (Tukey α = 0.05), where the saponin
solution inhibited 31% of the colony, which verifies the antifungal effect. The use of the
solution of saponins obtained from quinoa bran can be considered as an alternative to the
chemical treatments used in the process line against the use of purified extract thereof. It is
necessary to continue verifying such effectiveness, adjusting concentration of use and its
activity in vivo.
2.- OBJETIVOS
Figura 2.-Izquierda: Colonia P. digitatum in vitro anverso; derecha: Colonia P. digitatum in vitro reverso.
4.1.2.-Descripción Microscópica.
La observación mediante microscopio óptico permitió diferenciar las estructuras típicas de
P. digitatum, formadas por conidióforos biverticilados, largos, cilíndricos, ramificados de
forma simétrica y asimétrica, siguiendo de estructuras llamadas fiálides de 3- 5 por estructura,
con apariencia de pincel de forma cilíndrica con base ensanchada y estrechamiento en el
extremo apical, las cuales originan una gran cadena de conidios en masa elipsoidales y
globosos (Figura 3).
Conidio
Fiálide
Conidióforo
Tabla 1. Varianza
N R² R² Aj CV
Variable
Crec Col 45 0,97 0,96 13,60
Penicillium
Crecimiento de P. digitatum
3,5
2,5
Diámetro (cm)
2 Testigo
T1
1,5
T2
1
0,5
0
DIA 2 DIA 3 DIA 4 DIA 5 DIA 6 DIA 7
Figura 5. Curvas de crecimiento de P. digitum in vitro, evaluando diámetro (cm) para los distintos
tratamientos a través del tiempo (dïa).
Figura 6.- Comparación de crecimiento de colonias de P. digitatum al séptimo día, en condiciones in vitro
de izq. a der.: Testigo; Solución de saponinas 10%; Imazalil 0,1%.
5.-DISCUSIÓN
6.- CONCLUSIÓN