Repblica Bolivariana de Venezuela.

Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Educacin.

U. E. N. Leopoldo Aguerrevere.
Grado: 4to Cs A.
Ctedra: Ingls.






Reported Speech.






Profesora: Alumna:
Carmen Gonzales Oriana Ramrez.
Caracas, 11 de Febrero del 2013.
Reposted Speech.
1. Qu es el Reported Speech?
El Reported speech o Estilo indirecto es una estructura que usamos cuando reportamos
o hacemos mencin sobre algo que alguien ha dicho previamente. Se utiliza para
comunicar lo que alguien dijo, piensa o cree, pero sin usar las palabras exactas.
2. Cambios.
Para transformar una oracin de estilo directo a indirecto debemos de realizar una serie
de cambios.
a. Cambios en la puntuacin: La coma que separa la oracin introductoria de la
otra y las comillas de la oracin en estilo directo desaparecen. Es decir, en el
estilo directo repetimos lo que la persona dijo mediante comillas y utilizamos
una frase introductoria (l dijo, l pregunt) y lo separamos mediante una
coma y en el estilo indirecto, relatamos lo que la persona dijo pero no con las
mismas palabras:
Estilo directo: Estilo indirecto:
- "I have lost my umbrella", he said. - He said that he had lost his
umbrella.
b. Cambios en los tiempos verbales: - Si el verbo de la oracin introductoria va
en presente simple, presente perfecto o futuro, entonces no se produce ningn
cambio en los tiempos verbales de la oracin subordinada. Ejemplo:
Paul says, "I'm trying to get a taxi". Paul says that he is trying to get a taxi.
Pero generalmente la oracin introductoria tiene un verbo en pasado. Entonces los
verbos de la oracin subordinada deben cambiar a su tiempo correspondiente de
pasado (backshift) segn el siguiente cuadro:
CUADRO DE CAMBIOS EN LOS TIEMPOS VERBALES
ESTILO DIRECTO ESTILO INDIRECTO
Simple present: "I never eat meat," Simple past: He explained that
he explained. he never ate meat.
Present Continuous: "I'm waiting
for Ann," he said.
Past Continuous: He said that
he was waiting for Ann.
Simple Past: "Obama won the
elections in the USA", he said.
Past Perfect: He said that
Obama had won the elections
in the USA.
Past Continuous: "They were
working hard", he said.
Past Perfect Continuous: He
said that he had been working
hard.
Present Perfect: "I have found a
flat", he said.
Past Perfect: He said that he
had found a flat.
Present Perfect Continuous: He
said, "I've been waiting for ages."
Past Perfect Continuous: He
said that he had been waiting
for ages.
Future "Will": "I'll be in Paris on
Monday", he said.
Conditional "Would": He said
that he would be in Paris on
Monday.
Future "be going to": "They are
going to buy a house", he said.
Future "was / were going to":
He said that they were going
to buy a house.
Modals "can": "We can go to the
festival", he said.
Modals "could": He said that
they could go to the festival.
Modals "may": "I may go to the
concert", he said.
Modals "might": He said that
he might go to the concert.
Modals "must": " You must stop Modals "had to": She said
here", she said. that I had to stop there.

Hay tiempos verbales que no cambian al pasar de estilo directo a indirecto: past perfect
simple and continuous, algunos modales: would, could, might, ought, should, used to...
c. Cambios en los pronombres y determinantes: Los pronombres personales
(sujeto y objeto), reflexivos, posesivos y los determinantes posesivos
normalmente cambian de 1 y 2 persona a 3 persona excepto cuando el
hablante est relatando sus propias palabras. Ejemplo:
He said, "I've forgotten the combination of my safe". He said that he had
forgotten the combination of his safe.
Los determinantes o pronombres demostrativos tambin cambian: THIS pasa
a THAT y THESE pasa a THOSE. Ejemplo:
"We will discuss this tomorrow", he said. He said that they would
discuss that the next day.
d. Cambios en adverbios y expresiones de lugar y tiempo: Los adverbios y
expresiones adverbiales de lugar y tiempo cambian de la siguiente forma:
CUADRO DE CAMBIOS EN ADVERBIOS DE LUGAR Y TIEMPO
ESTILO DIRECTO ESTILO INDIRECTO
Today That day
Yesterday The day before
The day before yesterday Two days before
Last week / year The previous week / year
A / two week / yearago A / twoweek / year before
Tomorrow The next /following day
The day after tomorrow In two days' time
Next week /year The following week / year
Here There
Now Then
3. Tipos de oraciones.
a. Enunciativas: Una oracin enunciativa (afirmativa o negativa) se convierte de
estilo directo a indirecto de la siguiente manera:
Se quitan las comillas y la coma de separacin entre la frase introductoria y la
subordinada.
Se une la oracin introductoria (que puede ir al principio o al final de la frase)
con la subordinada (la que va entre comillas) por medio de la conjuncin
THAT. En ocasiones THAT se puede omitir.
Se realizan los cambios oportunos en la oracin subordinada (cambios en los
tiempos verbales, cambios en pronombres y determinantes y cambios en las
expresiones adverbiales. Ejemplo:
We did our English exercises yesterday", he said. He said that they had done their
English exercises the day before.
Los verbos que pueden introducir oraciones enunciativas son: say (decir), tell + objeto
(decir, contar), inform + objeto (informar), comment (comentar), assure + objeto
(asegurar), remark (comentar, observar), mention (mencionar),admit (admitir), promise
(prometer), claim (reclamar, afirmar), explain (explicar), insist (insistir).
b. Interrogativas:
WH- Questions (Interrogativas con pronombre o partcula
interrogativa): Una oracin interrogativa que comienza con partcula
interrogativa pasa de estilo directo a indirecto de la siguiente manera:
- Se quita la interrogacin y la coma de separacin y se une la oracin
introductora y la subordinada por medio de la misma partcula interrogativa.
- El orden de los sintagmas de la frase interrogativa cambian como si fuera
una enunciativa: Partcula + sujeto + verbo + CD/CI + CC.
- Realizamos los cambios necesarios en los tiempos verbales, pronombres y
expresiones adverbiales. Ejemplo:
"Where are you going tomorrow morning?", he asked. He asked where I was going
the following day morning.
Yes/no questions (Interrogativas que no tienen pronombre o partcula
interrogativa): Una oracin interrogativa que no comienza con partcula
interrogativa pasa de estilo directo a indirecto de la siguiente manera:
- Se quita la interrogacin y la coma de separacin.
- Se une la oracin introductora y la subordinada por medio de la
conjuncin IF o WHETHER.
- El orden de los sintagmas de la frase interrogativa cambian como si fuera
una enunciativa: Partcula + sujeto + verbo + CD/CI + CC.
- Realizamos los cambios necesarios en los tiempos verbales, pronombres y
expresiones adverbiales Ejemplo:
"Did you phone him yesterday?", he asked. He asked if I had phoned him the day
before.
- Los verbos que pueden introducir oraciones interrogativas son: ask
(preguntar) + objeto, want to know (querer saber), enquire (preguntar),
wonder (preguntarse)
c. Ordenes, consejos y peticiones: Cuando queremos pasar una orden, un consejo
o una peticin a estilo indirecto lo hacemos de la siguiente manera:
Unimos la frase introductora con la subordinada por medio de TO +
INFINITIVO (del verbo que tengamos) si es afirmativa, o, NOT TO +
INFINITIVO si es negativa.
Hacemos los cambios necesarios en los pronombres, determinantes y
expresiones adverbiales.
Elegimos un verbo introductor adecuado:
- Ordenes: command (ordenar) + objeto, order (ordenar) + objeto , tell
(decir) + objeto Ejemplo:
"Stop talking now", he said. He commanded me to stop talking then. "Don't touch
it!", he told. He told him not to touch it.
- Consejos: advise (aconsejar) + objeto, warn (avisar) + objeto, encourage
(animar) + objeto
"If I were you, I'd stop smoking", I said. I advised him to stop smoking to post some
letters for him.
- Peticiones: ask (pedir) + objeto, beg (pedir) + objeto, invite (invitar) +
objeto, implore (implorar) + objeto, urge (rogar) + objeto
"You might post some letters for me", said my boss. My boss asked me to post some
letters for him.
d. Sugerencias: Cuando queremos pasar una sugerencia a estilo indirecto seguimos
estos pasos:
Utilizamos el verbo introductor SUGGEST seguido de el verbo de la
oracin subordinada terminado en ING (si el hablante est incluido en la
sugerencia) o seguido de una oracin introducida por THAT + sujeto + el
verbo modal should (si el hablante no est incluido en la sugerencia).
Ejemplos:
"Let's have a drink", he said. He suggested having a drink.
" Why don't you study for the exam?", he said. He suggested that I should study
for the exam.
IMPORTANT NOTE! Si no sabes distinguir en ingls una orden, un consejo, una
peticin, una sugerencia etc estudian este cuadro:
TIPO DE ORACIN EJEMPLOS
ORDENES
(COMMANDS)
"Stop now", "Don't shout"
PETICIONES
(REQUESTS)
"Can / Could you mail this letter?", "Would you mind / Do
you mind mailing this letter?",
CONSEJOS (ADVISE)
"You should / might go there", "If I were you, I would go
there", "I would go there", "It might be a good idea to go
there", "You'd better go there"
SUGERENCIAS
(SUGGESTIONS)
"Let's have a drink", "Why don't we/you have a drink?",
"What about having a drink?", "Shall we have a drink?",
"Do you feel like?"

Enunciative prayers

"Daniel did their English yesterday", he said.
He said that Daniel had did their English exercises yesterday

John won an art award, he said.
He said that John had won an art award.

Daniela lost in swimming competition, she said
She said that Daniela had lost in swimming competition.

Nayska danced badly in the graduation ceremony, she said
She said that Nayska had danced badly in the graduation ceremony.

Sara lost in the singing competition, she said.
She said that Sara lost in the singing competition.

Sara, perdi en la competencia de canto, ella dijo.