H! The bottom part of these clothes were sewed on separately.

I don’t know what to called it in English.

They are called “腰襕” in Chinese. 

fouryearsofshades:

ziseviolet:

I see - in that case, does that mean:

- Only cross-collar ru are “real” ru (if they have a separate waist)?

- Parallel-collar “ru” are really “shan”, because they don’t have a separate waist? In that case, why do people use the term “ruqun” interchangeably for parallel-collar shanqun?

- For something like the item below - does this still count as a “shan”, despite it not having side vents (as far as I can tell)?

Tears of the era, I guess. In the early days people called these that and the name just stuck. I think now ruqun are used for clothings that have tuck-in style.

For some people, the last item does not count as hanfu as it does not have historical evidence. The latest symmetrical cross-collar top I knew of was from Song dynasty (黄岩 南宋宗室趙伯澐墓). That have side vents. I would called it a ru as it has no side vents.