What Are Essays

WHAT ARE ESSAYS?
Definition:
short literary composition on a single subject, usually presenting the personal view of the author
Types of essays:
Academic essays
Descriptive essay Narrative essay Comparative essay Argumentative essay
Planning to write essays:

Basically there are four stages involved in
essay writing:
(i) Pre-writing; (ii) Draft; (iii) Editing; and (iv) Final draft/essay
Planning to write essays:

Use writing strategies to help one in writing Mind-mapping, Outlining Brainstorming Free writing Read and understand the questions asked Identify main issue, understand new key terms
Pre-writing Stage
Four stages in essay writing:
1. pre-writing 2. draft 3. editing 4. Final draft/ essay
Pre-writing Stage
think about the essay topic gather information Jot down ideas related to it in the form of a bulleted list,
Drafting Stage
Choose an outline and stick closely to it You can begin with the section you are most comfortable with. you can use free writing - writing whatever comes to mind
Editing Stage
After writing the essay draft, reread the essay and edit it. check the accuracy of content, clarity of expression, grammar, vocabulary and other aspects such as spelling, punctuation, format, and so on.
Final Draft Stage

rewrite the final essay neatly. check that the format used is correct
TYPES OF ESSAYS
Explanation essay Argumentation essay Discussion essay
Explanation essay
An explanation essay usually starts with a general statement, followed by a series of explanations to support the statement.
Argumentation essay
It is persuasive in nature and begins with a thesis statement. It clearly states your side of the argument
Examples
An healthy breakfast is said to be an important meal of the day because it gives the person all the essential nutrients that the body requires and also helps in facing the challenges of the day Though people argue that examinations cause too much of stress and tension in students, they are important in evaluating the student's knowledge
As children love to indulge in fast foods and spend their time in front of the television or by playing video games, obesity in children has become a common health problem
Discussion essay
It is very similar to the argumentation essay, except that it discusses both sides of the issue and lets the readers decide for themselves.
explain
discuss
Forming opinions
What are What has
DISCOURSE MARKERS
Words and phrases that help to develop ideas and relate them to one another The function of anyway is to signal a change in the direction of the conversation can be used to focus, clarify, contrast, change the subject, show agreement or disagreement
Refer to pg 32 for more examples
Types of Discourse Markers

Time sequence markers
Before, since, as, until First(ly), initially, second(ly), third(ly), then
Addition and contrast markers

And, in addition, further, also, both, However, but, albeit, though, on the other hand, in contrast, on the contrary
Types of Discourse Markers

Contrast, deduction, example, addition, summation markers
But, whereas, on the contrary And, in addition, For example Therefore, thus, though To summarise, in summary, in conclusion
Cause and effect markers

So, but, because, as, if, the reason, provided that, in comparison
WRITING PARAGRAPHS
An essay consists of three sections:
An introduction The body A conclusion
An introduction
introduces the topic of the essay that gives readers an understanding of what your essay is all about Supporting sentences Concluding sentence
Throughout human history, the physical universe has often presented dangers to explorers. For example, when primitive humans left their tribal villages to search for food and water, they risked death or injury from dangerous animals. Later, when people sailed the oceans in search of new lands for settlement or trade, many died in terrible storms. Similarly, the ocean of outer space has many dangers, but it also has several unique challenges for explorers
The body
Contain supporting evidence for the essay list all your main points to support your topic and expand each main point into a paragraph provide examples, quotations, facts, and other evidence to support this paragraph.
One of the challenges that is unique to space is the fact that space is a vacuum, which is a risk for various reasons. First, in a vacuum there is no atmosphere and therefore no air pressure. Without air pressure, the human body has no oxygen to sustain itself. After too many minutes without oxygen, a person would lose consciousness and eventually die. Also, in a vacuum a person's blood will gradually begin to boil. Finally, without an atmosphere, the rays of the Sun can cause radiation poisoning.
The concluding sentence

summarise the whole essay, thus making clear to your readers your understanding of the essay topics. Summarise all your points discussed in the essay
There are other difficulties involved with space exploration, but these are three of the most important ones. In summary, without adequate air pressure, the unprotected human body may be seriously harmed in a vacuum. In addition, meteors can threaten human life and damage spacecraft. Finally, the lack of water in space means that human life may have a difficult time surviving on other planets. As one can see, the challenges of space travel are rather different from terrestrial dangers
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What Are Essays

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WHAT ARE ESSAYS?

Planning to write essays:

Planning to write essays:

Final Draft Stage

Types of Discourse Markers

Addition and contrast markers

Types of Discourse Markers

Cause and effect markers

The concluding sentence

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