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    Performance Management of Boiler, Turbine, Cycle Efficiency and Other Performance Parameters

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    Ankur Pathak
    The document discusses performance parameters for a boiler, turbine, and steam cycle. It provides typical data on factors like plant load factor, coal calorific value, and fuel costs. It then analyzes how increases or decreases in various parameters like stack temperature, superheat, condenser vacuum, and heat rate impact annual losses and cost per kWh. The document also discusses the benefits of cogeneration for improving efficiency by capturing waste heat for thermal uses. Cogeneration systems are outlined that use the mechanical energy from a turbine or engine and thermal energy in applications like process heating.

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    Performance Management of Boiler, Turbine, Cycle Efficiency and Other Performance Parameters

    Uploaded by

    Ankur Pathak
    67 views25 pages
    The document discusses performance parameters for a boiler, turbine, and steam cycle. It provides typical data on factors like plant load factor, coal calorific value, and fuel costs. It then analyzes how increases or decreases in various parameters like stack temperature, superheat, condenser vacuum, and heat rate impact annual losses and cost per kWh. The document also discusses the benefits of cogeneration for improving efficiency by capturing waste heat for thermal uses. Cogeneration systems are outlined that use the mechanical energy from a turbine or engine and thermal energy in applications like process heating.

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    The document discusses performance parameters for a boiler, turbine, and steam cycle. It provides typical data on factors like plant load factor, coal calorific value, and fuel costs. It then analyzes how increases or decreases in various parameters like stack temperature, superheat, condenser vacuum, and heat rate impact annual losses and cost per kWh. The document also discusses the benefits of cogeneration for improving efficiency by capturing waste heat for thermal uses. Cogeneration systems are outlined that use the mechanical energy from a turbine or engine and thermal energy in applications like process heating.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    67 views25 pages

    Performance Management of Boiler, Turbine, Cycle Efficiency and Other Performance Parameters

    Uploaded by

    Ankur Pathak
    The document discusses performance parameters for a boiler, turbine, and steam cycle. It provides typical data on factors like plant load factor, coal calorific value, and fuel costs. It then analyzes how increases or decreases in various parameters like stack temperature, superheat, condenser vacuum, and heat rate impact annual losses and cost per kWh. The document also discusses the benefits of cogeneration for improving efficiency by capturing waste heat for thermal uses. Cogeneration systems are outlined that use the mechanical energy from a turbine or engine and thermal energy in applications like process heating.

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    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Performance management of

    Boiler, Turbine , Cycle


    Efficiency and other
    performance Parameters.
    TYPICAL DATA
    • Plant Load Factor = 82%
    • C.V. of Coal 4300 Kcal Per Kg
    • Cost of Coal Rs. 200 Per Ton
    • Cost of Oil Rs. 3000/ K Ltr
    • Cost of D.M. Water Rs. 3.5 per ton
    • Sale Price per unit = 40 paise
    STACK TEMP
     10ºC increase in stack Temp will lead to

    –Loss of 0.7 Million Rupees per


    annum
    –Increase in cost per kwh is by 0.05
    paisa
     Stack Temperature is more than 200ºC it
    means the scope of cogeneration is is
    available
    SUPER HEAT
    Decrease in super heat by 14ºC
    Leads to

    Loss of 0.4 Million Rupees per


    annum
    Increase in Cost of per KWH =
    0.03 paisa
    H.P.HEATER
    If there is no HP Heater it leads to
    Loss of 2.2 Million Rupees
    per annum
    Increase in Cost of per KWH
    = 0.15 paisa
    CONDENSER VACCUM
    100 MM increase in Condenser Back
    Pressure will lead to
    Loss of 6 Million Rupees per
    annum
    Increase in Cost of per KWH
    = 0.4 paisa
    HEAT RATE
    100 K Cal/ kwh increase in heat rate
    leads to
    Loss of 6.6 Million Rupees
    per annum
    Increase in Cost of per KWH
    = 0.38 paisa
    EXCESS AIR
    Increase in 1% Excess Air leads to

    Loss of 0.05 Million Rupees per


    annum
    Increase in Cost of per KWH =
    0.004 paisa
    P.L.F.
    One percent reduction in PLF leads to

    Loss of 7.0 Million Rupees


    per annum
    Increase in Cost of per KWH
    = 0.38 paisa
    MAKE UP WATER
    Increase in Make up water by 1%
    leads to

    Loss of 1.0 Million Rupees


    per annum
    Increase in Cost of per KWH
    = 0.07 paisa
    Sp. Oil CONSUMPTION
    Increase in Sp. Oil Consumption by
    1ml/ kwh leads to

    Loss of 3.2 Million Rupees


    per annum
    Increase in Cost of per KWH
    = 0.22 paisa
    NEED FOR COGENERATION
    • Efficiency is only 35%
    • Major Loss in Conversion process
    • Heat rejected to the surrounding
    Water or Air due to inherent
    Constraints
    PRINCIPLE OF COGENERATION
    Cogeneration is defined as the
    sequential generation of two different
    forms of useful energy from a single
    source.
    Concept of producing two forms of
    energy from one fuel.
    Typically Mechanical Energy and
    Thermal Energy
    Types of Cogeneration
    System
    • Topping Cycle: The Input is used to
    produce power and the exhaust heat from
    the power generating prime mover is used
    directly in heating process e.g. CHP .
    • Bottoming Cycle: It utilizes waste heat
    from heating process e.g. an industrial
    furnace to produce electricity. Commonly
    Waste heat produce steam in Waste Heat
    Recovery Boiler (WHRB) and used to
    produced electricity.
    MECHENICAL ENERGY
    • Drive an alternator
    • Motor
    • Compressor
    • Pumps
    • Fan
    THERMAL ENERGY
    • Indirectly producing Heat
    • Hot Water
    • Hot Air for dryer
    • Chilled water for Process cooling
    EXAMPLES
    • Back Pressure Turbine

    • Pass- Out Turbine or Extraction Condens

    • Cement Kiln
    EXAMPLES
    • Steam Turbine Cogeneration System
    • Gas Turbine Cogeneration System
    • Reciprocating Engine cogeneration
    System
    Factor Affecting Cogeneration
    Choice
    • Base Electrical Load Matching
    • Base Thermal Load Matching
    • Electrical Load Matching
    • Thermal Load Matching
    Formulae
    Power Generation= PLF x Capacity x No of
    Operation Hours
    Quantity of Fuel = Heat Input/ Calorific Value
    Heat Output= Steam Quantity x Enthalpy x
    Operations/ Annum
    Back Pressure Turbine
    Back Pressure
    Turbine

    Boiler ∾

    Process
    Heater

    Pump
    Pass Out Turbine
    Back Pressure
    Turbine

    Boiler ∾
    Condenser
    Process
    Heater

    Pump2
    Pump1
    Gas Turbine Cogeneration

    Gas
    Turb
    Comp ∾

    Diverting
    Damper WHRB

    S.T. ∾

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