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    Energy Audit (66-72)

    Uploaded by

    GanjanG
    This document discusses various ways to improve energy efficiency in a distillation column process. It describes a heat integrated distillation column that improves efficiency over a conventional column by operating sections at different pressures. It also discusses using heat from condensed organic vapors to preheat reactor feed and power a distillation column reboiler. Compressing the vapors allows this heat integration. Modifications to heat exchangers like reduced tube pitch and added fins can further increase efficiency. Properly selecting centrifugal pumps within an optimal efficiency range and understanding system requirements also improves efficiency. A case study demonstrates potential energy and cost savings from choosing a more efficient pump.

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    Energy Audit (66-72)

    Uploaded by

    GanjanG
    95 views13 pages
    This document discusses various ways to improve energy efficiency in a distillation column process. It describes a heat integrated distillation column that improves efficiency over a conventional column by operating sections at different pressures. It also discusses using heat from condensed organic vapors to preheat reactor feed and power a distillation column reboiler. Compressing the vapors allows this heat integration. Modifications to heat exchangers like reduced tube pitch and added fins can further increase efficiency. Properly selecting centrifugal pumps within an optimal efficiency range and understanding system requirements also improves efficiency. A case study demonstrates potential energy and cost savings from choosing a more efficient pump.

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    This document discusses various ways to improve energy efficiency in a distillation column process. It describes a heat integrated distillation column that improves efficiency over a conventional column by operating sections at different pressures. It also discusses using heat from condensed organic vapors to preheat reactor feed and power a distillation column reboiler. Compressing the vapors allows this heat integration. Modifications to heat exchangers like reduced tube pitch and added fins can further increase efficiency. Properly selecting centrifugal pumps within an optimal efficiency range and understanding system requirements also improves efficiency. A case study demonstrates potential energy and cost savings from choosing a more efficient pump.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    95 views13 pages

    Energy Audit (66-72)

    Uploaded by

    GanjanG
    This document discusses various ways to improve energy efficiency in a distillation column process. It describes a heat integrated distillation column that improves efficiency over a conventional column by operating sections at different pressures. It also discusses using heat from condensed organic vapors to preheat reactor feed and power a distillation column reboiler. Compressing the vapors allows this heat integration. Modifications to heat exchangers like reduced tube pitch and added fins can further increase efficiency. Properly selecting centrifugal pumps within an optimal efficiency range and understanding system requirements also improves efficiency. A case study demonstrates potential energy and cost savings from choosing a more efficient pump.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 13

    ENERGY AUDIT

    Pinpoint Areas where Energy


    Efficiency can be Improved
    DISTILLATION COLUMN
    Conventional Distillation Column vs Heat
    Integrated Distillation Column
    In conventional column, rectification and
    stripping section are at same pressure
    In HIDC, rectification section is at higher
    pressure than stripping section steam
    requirement decreases and hence energy
    efficiency is improved
    Rectification and Stripping section are
    connected by compressor and throttle valve
    HIDC Conventional column
    RECTIFICATION
    SECTION
    STRIPPING
    SECTION
    Heat Integration of Reactor and
    Distillation Column
    HEAT
    EXCHANGER
    FEED
    COMPRESSOR
    REACTOR
    ORGANIC
    VAPORS
    Energy of Organic
    vapors can be used
    to preheat the feed
    Vapors are
    compressed firstly to
    increase their
    bubble point
    These vapors are
    feed of distillation
    column

    Process Description
    The reaction is between pivalic acid and
    benzotrichloride. The reaction is exothermic
    Vapors which leave the reactor have to be condensed to
    remove the HCl which is formed in the reactor before
    feeding to Distillation Column.
    One of the ways for heat integration is to use heat
    released by condensation of organic vapours for heating
    of reactants and as a heating medium in reboiler. But the
    problem is that the temperature required for heat transfer
    fluid in reboiler and feed preheater should be in the
    range of 210
    0
    C 240
    0
    C while the organic vapour
    condenses at 190
    0
    C.


    Heat Integration
    Organic vapours are pressurized so that its
    bubble point rises to 240
    0
    C. The corresponding
    pressure is found out to be 3 atm. Energy
    requirement to compress vapours to 3 atm
    pressure is 20 kJ/s.
    This forms vapors of temperature 359
    0
    C. It has
    to be brought down to its bubble point. It is done
    so by pre-heating the feed of the reactor using
    finned tube heat exchanger. The saturated
    vapours are then fed to the reboiler of the
    distillation column
    Energy Saving
    Steam requirement becomes zero after heat
    integration
    Steam requirement before heat integration=
    5000 tons i.e. Rs 50 lakhs per year
    Also there is saving of pumping 28.5m
    3
    /hr.
    Pump Power = 4kW i.e. approx 2.6lakh.
    Compressor Duty (assuming 50%
    compressor efficiency) = 40kW i.e. approx.
    26 lakhs per year.

    Increasing Efficiency in Heat
    Exchanger
    Air Cooled Heat Exchangers: Low HTC so large
    area and consume a lot of metal
    First Generation: Equilateral Pitch 63.5-67mm.
    Second Generation: Equilateral Pitch 58mm. Gives
    Energy Saving of 8-10%
    Further instead of using equilateral pitch increase
    the Longitudinal pitch and keep Transverse pitch
    constant increases the energy efficiency by a further
    10%.
    Also, addition of fins and ribs increases the surface
    area which increases the energy efficiency
    Pump Selection
    Centrifugal
    Positive Displacement
    Advantages of centrifugal pumps:
    Very efficient
    Produce smooth and even flow
    Reliable with good service life

    Systems requirement
    Flow
    Pump sizing
    Pump must be
    operated within 20%
    of the maximum
    efficiency value.
    Understanding of the
    system requirement is
    important parameter.

    Case study
    Flow rate of liquid: 1 m
    3
    /sec.
    Head required : 46 m
    Pump 1 operating efficiency: 81%
    Pump 2 operating efficiency: 72%
    Cost difference = Rs. 2.5 L
    Reduction in power = 20 kW
    Reduction in energy = 16000 kWh/yr.
    Savings = Rs. 11.2 L

    Thank You

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