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    SEN361 L DCCN LAB 10 OSPF (1)

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    SEN361 L DCCN LAB 10 OSPF (1)

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    5 views12 pages

    SEN361 L DCCN LAB 10 OSPF (1)

    Uploaded by

    ammar.ali01

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    Lab 10

    OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)


    Instructor
    Ammar Ali Qazi
    • Open Shortest Path First
    Objectives
    • Objective:
    • To understand and implement dynamic routing using OSPF (Open Shortest Path
    First) on Cisco routers, configure networks to dynamically exchange routing
    information, and verify connectivity between devices in different subnets using Cisco
    Packet Tracer.
    • What is OSPF?

    • Dynamic routing protocols enable routers to automatically discover and


    maintain the paths through which data can travel across networks. OSPF is
    one such protocol that utilizes a link-state routing algorithm, allowing routers
    to build and maintain a complete topology of the network. This information is
    then used to determine the most efficient routes for data packets.
    Key Feature's

    • Link-State Protocol: Unlike distance-vector protocols, OSPF routers maintain a


    complete view of the network topology by exchanging link-state advertisements
    (LSAs) with all routers in the area. This allows for more efficient routing decisions.
    • Hierarchical Design: OSPF supports a hierarchical network design, dividing
    networks into areas. This improves scalability and reduces routing overhead.
    • Fast Convergence: OSPF converges quickly in response to network changes,
    allowing for rapid updates to routing tables and minimizing downtime.
    • Cost Metric: OSPF uses a cost metric based on link bandwidth, allowing it to select
    the most efficient path for data packets.
    • Multi-Vendor Support: OSPF is an open standard protocol, making it compatible
    with a wide range of devices from different manufacturers.
    WILD CARD MASK

    The inverse of the subnet mask. For example:


    •Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
    •Wildcard Mask: 0.0.0.255
    • In OSPF (Open Shortest Path First), Area 0 is designated as the
    backbone area, which is a critical part of OSPF's hierarchical
    design. Here's why Area 0 is important:
    • OSPF is designed for scalability and efficiency. To manage large networks:
    • OSPF divides networks into areas to limit the size of routing tables and reduce
    processing overhead.
    • All areas must connect to the backbone area (Area 0) to ensure inter-area
    communication.
    • 2. Role of Area 0
    • Area 0 acts as the central hub for all OSPF areas.
    • Routers within Area 0, called backbone routers, facilitate routing between
    different OSPF areas.
    • Traffic between non-backbone areas must transit through Area 0.
    • 3. Hierarchical Structure
    • This hierarchical design:
    • Improves routing efficiency.
    • Reduces resource usage (CPU and memory) on routers.
    • Prevents routing loops by enforcing clear boundaries between
    areas.
    • 4. Requirement for Multi-Area OSPF
    • In a multi-area OSPF network:
    • Area 0 is mandatory for communication between areas.
    • If two non-backbone areas need to communicate, their traffic must first pass
    through Area 0.

    • 5. Single-Area Networks
    • For a single-area OSPF configuration, all routers can reside in Area 0, and
    there is no need for additional areas.
    • Example Scenario
    • Imagine a network with three OSPF areas:
    • Area 0 (Backbone): Central area where all areas connect.
    • Area 1: Regional network.
    • Area 2: Another regional network.
    • If a router in Area 1 wants to communicate with a router in Area 2:
    • Traffic goes from Area 1 to Area 0.
    • Area 0 routes the traffic to Area 2.
    • This ensures a structured and predictable routing process.
    Thank you

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